2005-11-27 22:42:21 +08:00
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=========================
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How to serve static files
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=========================
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Django itself doesn't serve static (media) files, such as images, style sheets,
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or video. It leaves that job to whichever Web server you choose.
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The reasoning here is that standard Web servers, such as Apache_ and lighttpd_,
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are much more fine-tuned at serving static files than a Web application
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framework.
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With that said, Django does support static files **during development**. Use
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the view ``django.views.static.serve`` to serve media files.
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.. _Apache: http://httpd.apache.org/
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.. _lighttpd: http://www.lighttpd.net/
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The big, fat disclaimer
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=======================
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Using this method is **inefficient** and **insecure**. Do not use this in a
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production setting. Use this only for development.
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2005-11-27 22:49:57 +08:00
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For information on serving static files in an Apache production environment,
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see the `Django mod_python documentation`_.
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2005-11-27 22:52:12 +08:00
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.. _Django mod_python documentation: http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/modpython/#serving-media-files
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2005-11-27 22:49:57 +08:00
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2005-11-27 22:42:21 +08:00
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How to do it
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============
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Just put this in your URLconf_::
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(r'^site_media/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {'document_root': '/path/to/media'}),
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...where ``site_media`` is the URL where your media will be rooted, and
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``/path/to/media`` is the filesystem root for your media.
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2005-11-27 23:28:19 +08:00
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You must pass a ``document_root`` parameter to indicate the filesystem root.
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2005-11-27 22:42:21 +08:00
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Examples:
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* The file ``/path/to/media/foo.jpg`` will be made available at the URL
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``/site_media/foo.jpg``.
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* The file ``/path/to/media/css/mystyles.css`` will be made available
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at the URL ``/site_media/css/mystyles.css``.
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* The file ``/path/bar.jpg`` will not be accessible, because it doesn't
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fall under the document root.
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.. _URLconf: http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/url_dispatch/
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2005-11-27 23:28:19 +08:00
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Directory listings
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==================
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Optionally, you can pass a ``show_indexes`` parameter to the ``static.serve``
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view. This is ``False`` by default. If it's ``True``, Django will display file
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listings for directories.
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Example::
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(r'^site_media/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {'document_root': '/path/to/media', 'show_indexes': True}),
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You can customize the index view by creating a template called
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``static/directory_index``. That template gets two objects in its context:
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* ``directory`` -- the directory name (a string)
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* ``file_list`` -- a list of file names (as strings) in the directory
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Here's the default ``static/directory_index`` template::
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us" />
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<meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE" />
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<title>Index of {{ directory }}</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Index of {{ directory }}</h1>
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<ul>
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{% for f in file_list %}
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<li><a href="{{ f }}">{{ f }}</a></li>
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{% endfor %}
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</ul>
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</body>
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</html>
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2005-11-27 22:42:21 +08:00
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Limiting use to DEBUG=True
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==========================
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Because URLconfs are just plain Python modules, you can use Python logic to
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make the static-media view available only in development mode. This is a handy
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trick to make sure the static-serving view doesn't slip into a production
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setting by mistake.
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Do this by wrapping an ``if DEBUG`` statement around the
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``django.views.static.serve`` inclusion. Here's a full example URLconf::
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from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
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from django.conf.settings import DEBUG
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urlpatterns = patterns('',
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(r'^/articles/2003/$', 'news.views.special_case_2003'),
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(r'^/articles/(?P<year>\d{4})/$', 'news.views.year_archive'),
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(r'^/articles/(?P<year>\d{4})/(?P<month>\d{2})/$', 'news.views.month_archive'),
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(r'^/articles/(?P<year>\d{4})/(?P<month>\d{2})/(?P<day>\d+)/$', 'news.views.article_detail'),
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)
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if DEBUG:
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urlpatterns += patterns('',
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(r'^site_media/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {'document_root': '/path/to/media'}),
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)
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This code is straightforward. It imports the `DEBUG setting`_ and checks its
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value. If it evaluates to ``True``, then ``site_media`` will be associated with
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the ``django.views.static.serve`` view. If not (``DEBUG == False``), then the
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view won't be made available.
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Of course, the catch here is that you'll have to remember to set ``DEBUG=False``
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in your production settings file. But you should be doing that anyway.
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.. _DEBUG setting: http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/settings/#debug
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