django1/django/http/response.py

from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals

import datetime
import time
import warnings
from email.header import Header
try:
    from urllib.parse import urlparse
except ImportError:
    from urlparse import urlparse

from django.conf import settings
from django.core import signals
from django.core import signing
from django.core.exceptions import DisallowedRedirect
from django.http.cookie import SimpleCookie
from django.utils import six, timezone
from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, iri_to_uri
from django.utils.http import cookie_date
from django.utils.six.moves import map


# See http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes
REASON_PHRASES = {
    100: 'CONTINUE',
    101: 'SWITCHING PROTOCOLS',
    102: 'PROCESSING',
    200: 'OK',
    201: 'CREATED',
    202: 'ACCEPTED',
    203: 'NON-AUTHORITATIVE INFORMATION',
    204: 'NO CONTENT',
    205: 'RESET CONTENT',
    206: 'PARTIAL CONTENT',
    207: 'MULTI-STATUS',
    208: 'ALREADY REPORTED',
    226: 'IM USED',
    300: 'MULTIPLE CHOICES',
    301: 'MOVED PERMANENTLY',
    302: 'FOUND',
    303: 'SEE OTHER',
    304: 'NOT MODIFIED',
    305: 'USE PROXY',
    306: 'RESERVED',
    307: 'TEMPORARY REDIRECT',
    400: 'BAD REQUEST',
    401: 'UNAUTHORIZED',
    402: 'PAYMENT REQUIRED',
    403: 'FORBIDDEN',
    404: 'NOT FOUND',
    405: 'METHOD NOT ALLOWED',
    406: 'NOT ACCEPTABLE',
    407: 'PROXY AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED',
    408: 'REQUEST TIMEOUT',
    409: 'CONFLICT',
    410: 'GONE',
    411: 'LENGTH REQUIRED',
    412: 'PRECONDITION FAILED',
    413: 'REQUEST ENTITY TOO LARGE',
    414: 'REQUEST-URI TOO LONG',
    415: 'UNSUPPORTED MEDIA TYPE',
    416: 'REQUESTED RANGE NOT SATISFIABLE',
    417: 'EXPECTATION FAILED',
    418: "I'M A TEAPOT",
    422: 'UNPROCESSABLE ENTITY',
    423: 'LOCKED',
    424: 'FAILED DEPENDENCY',
    426: 'UPGRADE REQUIRED',
    428: 'PRECONDITION REQUIRED',
    429: 'TOO MANY REQUESTS',
    431: 'REQUEST HEADER FIELDS TOO LARGE',
    500: 'INTERNAL SERVER ERROR',
    501: 'NOT IMPLEMENTED',
    502: 'BAD GATEWAY',
    503: 'SERVICE UNAVAILABLE',
    504: 'GATEWAY TIMEOUT',
    505: 'HTTP VERSION NOT SUPPORTED',
    506: 'VARIANT ALSO NEGOTIATES',
    507: 'INSUFFICIENT STORAGE',
    508: 'LOOP DETECTED',
    510: 'NOT EXTENDED',
    511: 'NETWORK AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED',
}


class BadHeaderError(ValueError):
    pass


class HttpResponseBase(six.Iterator):
    """
    An HTTP response base class with dictionary-accessed headers.

    This class doesn't handle content. It should not be used directly.
    Use the HttpResponse and StreamingHttpResponse subclasses instead.
    """

    status_code = 200
    reason_phrase = None        # Use default reason phrase for status code.

    def __init__(self, content_type=None, status=None, reason=None, mimetype=None):
        # _headers is a mapping of the lower-case name to the original case of
        # the header (required for working with legacy systems) and the header
        # value. Both the name of the header and its value are ASCII strings.
        self._headers = {}
        self._charset = settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET
        self._closable_objects = []
        # This parameter is set by the handler. It's necessary to preserve the
        # historical behavior of request_finished.
        self._handler_class = None
        if mimetype:
            warnings.warn("Using mimetype keyword argument is deprecated, use"
                          " content_type instead",
                          DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
            content_type = mimetype
        if not content_type:
            content_type = "%s; charset=%s" % (settings.DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE,
                    self._charset)
        self.cookies = SimpleCookie()
        if status is not None:
            self.status_code = status
        if reason is not None:
            self.reason_phrase = reason
        elif self.reason_phrase is None:
            self.reason_phrase = REASON_PHRASES.get(self.status_code,
                                                    'UNKNOWN STATUS CODE')
        self['Content-Type'] = content_type

    def serialize_headers(self):
        """HTTP headers as a bytestring."""
        headers = [
            ('%s: %s' % (key, value)).encode('us-ascii')
            for key, value in self._headers.values()
        ]
        return b'\r\n'.join(headers)

    if six.PY3:
        __bytes__ = serialize_headers
    else:
        __str__ = serialize_headers

    def _convert_to_charset(self, value, charset, mime_encode=False):
        """Converts headers key/value to ascii/latin1 native strings.

        `charset` must be 'ascii' or 'latin-1'. If `mime_encode` is True and
        `value` value can't be represented in the given charset, MIME-encoding
        is applied.
        """
        if not isinstance(value, (bytes, six.text_type)):
            value = str(value)
        try:
            if six.PY3:
                if isinstance(value, str):
                    # Ensure string is valid in given charset
                    value.encode(charset)
                else:
                    # Convert bytestring using given charset
                    value = value.decode(charset)
            else:
                if isinstance(value, str):
                    # Ensure string is valid in given charset
                    value.decode(charset)
                else:
                    # Convert unicode string to given charset
                    value = value.encode(charset)
        except UnicodeError as e:
            if mime_encode:
                # Wrapping in str() is a workaround for #12422 under Python 2.
                value = str(Header(value, 'utf-8').encode())
            else:
                e.reason += ', HTTP response headers must be in %s format' % charset
                raise
        if str('\n') in value or str('\r') in value:
            raise BadHeaderError("Header values can't contain newlines (got %r)" % value)
        return value

    def __setitem__(self, header, value):
        header = self._convert_to_charset(header, 'ascii')
        value = self._convert_to_charset(value, 'latin1', mime_encode=True)
        self._headers[header.lower()] = (header, value)

    def __delitem__(self, header):
        try:
            del self._headers[header.lower()]
        except KeyError:
            pass

    def __getitem__(self, header):
        return self._headers[header.lower()][1]

    def __getstate__(self):
        # SimpleCookie is not pickeable with pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL, so we
        # serialise to a string instead
        state = self.__dict__.copy()
        state['cookies'] = str(state['cookies'])
        return state

    def __setstate__(self, state):
        self.__dict__.update(state)
        self.cookies = SimpleCookie(self.cookies)

    def has_header(self, header):
        """Case-insensitive check for a header."""
        return header.lower() in self._headers

    __contains__ = has_header

    def items(self):
        return self._headers.values()

    def get(self, header, alternate=None):
        return self._headers.get(header.lower(), (None, alternate))[1]

    def set_cookie(self, key, value='', max_age=None, expires=None, path='/',
                   domain=None, secure=False, httponly=False):
        """
        Sets a cookie.

        ``expires`` can be:
        - a string in the correct format,
        - a naive ``datetime.datetime`` object in UTC,
        - an aware ``datetime.datetime`` object in any time zone.
        If it is a ``datetime.datetime`` object then ``max_age`` will be calculated.

        """
        self.cookies[key] = value
        if expires is not None:
            if isinstance(expires, datetime.datetime):
                if timezone.is_aware(expires):
                    expires = timezone.make_naive(expires, timezone.utc)
                delta = expires - expires.utcnow()
                # Add one second so the date matches exactly (a fraction of
                # time gets lost between converting to a timedelta and
                # then the date string).
                delta = delta + datetime.timedelta(seconds=1)
                # Just set max_age - the max_age logic will set expires.
                expires = None
                max_age = max(0, delta.days * 86400 + delta.seconds)
            else:
                self.cookies[key]['expires'] = expires
        if max_age is not None:
            self.cookies[key]['max-age'] = max_age
            # IE requires expires, so set it if hasn't been already.
            if not expires:
                self.cookies[key]['expires'] = cookie_date(time.time() +
                                                           max_age)
        if path is not None:
            self.cookies[key]['path'] = path
        if domain is not None:
            self.cookies[key]['domain'] = domain
        if secure:
            self.cookies[key]['secure'] = True
        if httponly:
            self.cookies[key]['httponly'] = True

    def set_signed_cookie(self, key, value, salt='', **kwargs):
        value = signing.get_cookie_signer(salt=key + salt).sign(value)
        return self.set_cookie(key, value, **kwargs)

    def delete_cookie(self, key, path='/', domain=None):
        self.set_cookie(key, max_age=0, path=path, domain=domain,
                        expires='Thu, 01-Jan-1970 00:00:00 GMT')

    # Common methods used by subclasses

    def make_bytes(self, value):
        """Turn a value into a bytestring encoded in the output charset."""
        # Per PEP 3333, this response body must be bytes. To avoid returning
        # an instance of a subclass, this function returns `bytes(value)`.
        # This doesn't make a copy when `value` already contains bytes.

        # If content is already encoded (eg. gzip), assume bytes.
        if self.has_header('Content-Encoding'):
            return bytes(value)

        # Handle string types -- we can't rely on force_bytes here because:
        # - under Python 3 it attemps str conversion first
        # - when self._charset != 'utf-8' it re-encodes the content
        if isinstance(value, bytes):
            return bytes(value)
        if isinstance(value, six.text_type):
            return bytes(value.encode(self._charset))

        # Handle non-string types (#16494)
        return force_bytes(value, self._charset)

    def __iter__(self):
        return self

    def __next__(self):
        # Subclasses must define self._iterator for this function.
        return self.make_bytes(next(self._iterator))

    # These methods partially implement the file-like object interface.
    # See http://docs.python.org/lib/bltin-file-objects.html

    # The WSGI server must call this method upon completion of the request.
    # See http://blog.dscpl.com.au/2012/10/obligations-for-calling-close-on.html
    def close(self):
        for closable in self._closable_objects:
            try:
                closable.close()
            except Exception:
                pass
        signals.request_finished.send(sender=self._handler_class)

    def write(self, content):
        raise Exception("This %s instance is not writable" % self.__class__.__name__)

    def flush(self):
        pass

    def tell(self):
        raise Exception("This %s instance cannot tell its position" % self.__class__.__name__)


class HttpResponse(HttpResponseBase):
    """
    An HTTP response class with a string as content.

    This content that can be read, appended to or replaced.
    """

    streaming = False

    def __init__(self, content='', *args, **kwargs):
        super(HttpResponse, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # Content is a bytestring. See the `content` property methods.
        self.content = content

    def serialize(self):
        """Full HTTP message, including headers, as a bytestring."""
        return self.serialize_headers() + b'\r\n\r\n' + self.content

    if six.PY3:
        __bytes__ = serialize
    else:
        __str__ = serialize

    def _consume_content(self):
        # If the response was instantiated with an iterator, when its content
        # is accessed, the iterator is going be exhausted and the content
        # loaded in memory. At this point, it's better to abandon the original
        # iterator and save the content for later reuse. This is a temporary
        # solution. See the comment in __iter__ below for the long term plan.
        if self._base_content_is_iter:
            self.content = b''.join(self.make_bytes(e) for e in self._container)

    @property
    def content(self):
        self._consume_content()
        return b''.join(self.make_bytes(e) for e in self._container)

    @content.setter
    def content(self, value):
        if hasattr(value, '__iter__') and not isinstance(value, (bytes, six.string_types)):
            self._container = value
            self._base_content_is_iter = True
            if hasattr(value, 'close'):
                self._closable_objects.append(value)
        else:
            self._container = [value]
            self._base_content_is_iter = False

    def __iter__(self):
        # Raise a deprecation warning only if the content wasn't consumed yet,
        # because the response may be intended to be streamed.
        # Once the deprecation completes, iterators should be consumed upon
        # assignment rather than upon access. The _consume_content method
        # should be removed. See #6527.
        if self._base_content_is_iter:
            warnings.warn(
                'Creating streaming responses with `HttpResponse` is '
                'deprecated. Use `StreamingHttpResponse` instead '
                'if you need the streaming behavior.',
                DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
        if not hasattr(self, '_iterator'):
            self._iterator = iter(self._container)
        return self

    def write(self, content):
        self._consume_content()
        self._container.append(content)

    def tell(self):
        self._consume_content()
        return len(self.content)


class StreamingHttpResponse(HttpResponseBase):
    """
    A streaming HTTP response class with an iterator as content.

    This should only be iterated once, when the response is streamed to the
    client. However, it can be appended to or replaced with a new iterator
    that wraps the original content (or yields entirely new content).
    """

    streaming = True

    def __init__(self, streaming_content=(), *args, **kwargs):
        super(StreamingHttpResponse, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # `streaming_content` should be an iterable of bytestrings.
        # See the `streaming_content` property methods.
        self.streaming_content = streaming_content

    @property
    def content(self):
        raise AttributeError("This %s instance has no `content` attribute. "
            "Use `streaming_content` instead." % self.__class__.__name__)

    @property
    def streaming_content(self):
        return map(self.make_bytes, self._iterator)

    @streaming_content.setter
    def streaming_content(self, value):
        # Ensure we can never iterate on "value" more than once.
        self._iterator = iter(value)
        if hasattr(value, 'close'):
            self._closable_objects.append(value)


class CompatibleStreamingHttpResponse(StreamingHttpResponse):
    """
    This class maintains compatibility with middleware that doesn't know how
    to handle the content of a streaming response by exposing a `content`
    attribute that will consume and cache the content iterator when accessed.

    These responses will stream only if no middleware attempts to access the
    `content` attribute. Otherwise, they will behave like a regular response,
    and raise a `DeprecationWarning`.
    """
    @property
    def content(self):
        warnings.warn(
            'Accessing the `content` attribute on a streaming response is '
            'deprecated. Use the `streaming_content` attribute instead.',
            DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
        content = b''.join(self)
        self.streaming_content = [content]
        return content

    @content.setter
    def content(self, content):
        warnings.warn(
            'Accessing the `content` attribute on a streaming response is '
            'deprecated. Use the `streaming_content` attribute instead.',
            DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
        self.streaming_content = [content]


class HttpResponseRedirectBase(HttpResponse):
    allowed_schemes = ['http', 'https', 'ftp']

    def __init__(self, redirect_to, *args, **kwargs):
        parsed = urlparse(redirect_to)
        if parsed.scheme and parsed.scheme not in self.allowed_schemes:
            raise DisallowedRedirect("Unsafe redirect to URL with protocol '%s'" % parsed.scheme)
        super(HttpResponseRedirectBase, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self['Location'] = iri_to_uri(redirect_to)

    url = property(lambda self: self['Location'])


class HttpResponseRedirect(HttpResponseRedirectBase):
    status_code = 302


class HttpResponsePermanentRedirect(HttpResponseRedirectBase):
    status_code = 301


class HttpResponseNotModified(HttpResponse):
    status_code = 304

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(HttpResponseNotModified, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        del self['content-type']

    @HttpResponse.content.setter
    def content(self, value):
        if value:
            raise AttributeError("You cannot set content to a 304 (Not Modified) response")
        self._container = []
        self._base_content_is_iter = False


class HttpResponseBadRequest(HttpResponse):
    status_code = 400


class HttpResponseNotFound(HttpResponse):
    status_code = 404


class HttpResponseForbidden(HttpResponse):
    status_code = 403


class HttpResponseNotAllowed(HttpResponse):
    status_code = 405

    def __init__(self, permitted_methods, *args, **kwargs):
        super(HttpResponseNotAllowed, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self['Allow'] = ', '.join(permitted_methods)


class HttpResponseGone(HttpResponse):
    status_code = 410


class HttpResponseServerError(HttpResponse):
    status_code = 500


class Http404(Exception):
    pass