django1/django/db/transaction.py

"""
This module implements a transaction manager that can be used to define
transaction handling in a request or view function. It is used by transaction
control middleware and decorators.

The transaction manager can be in managed or in auto state. Auto state means the
system is using a commit-on-save strategy (actually it's more like
commit-on-change). As soon as the .save() or .delete() (or related) methods are
called, a commit is made.

Managed transactions don't do those commits, but will need some kind of manual
or implicit commits or rollbacks.
"""

import warnings

from functools import wraps

from django.db import connections, DatabaseError, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS


class TransactionManagementError(Exception):
    """
    This exception is thrown when something bad happens with transaction
    management.
    """
    pass

################
# Private APIs #
################

def get_connection(using=None):
    """
    Get a database connection by name, or the default database connection
    if no name is provided.
    """
    if using is None:
        using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
    return connections[using]

###########################
# Deprecated private APIs #
###########################

def abort(using=None):
    """
    Roll back any ongoing transactions and clean the transaction management
    state of the connection.

    This method is to be used only in cases where using balanced
    leave_transaction_management() calls isn't possible. For example after a
    request has finished, the transaction state isn't known, yet the connection
    must be cleaned up for the next request.
    """
    get_connection(using).abort()

def enter_transaction_management(managed=True, using=None, forced=False):
    """
    Enters transaction management for a running thread. It must be balanced with
    the appropriate leave_transaction_management call, since the actual state is
    managed as a stack.

    The state and dirty flag are carried over from the surrounding block or
    from the settings, if there is no surrounding block (dirty is always false
    when no current block is running).
    """
    get_connection(using).enter_transaction_management(managed, forced)

def leave_transaction_management(using=None):
    """
    Leaves transaction management for a running thread. A dirty flag is carried
    over to the surrounding block, as a commit will commit all changes, even
    those from outside. (Commits are on connection level.)
    """
    get_connection(using).leave_transaction_management()

def is_dirty(using=None):
    """
    Returns True if the current transaction requires a commit for changes to
    happen.
    """
    return get_connection(using).is_dirty()

def set_dirty(using=None):
    """
    Sets a dirty flag for the current thread and code streak. This can be used
    to decide in a managed block of code to decide whether there are open
    changes waiting for commit.
    """
    get_connection(using).set_dirty()

def set_clean(using=None):
    """
    Resets a dirty flag for the current thread and code streak. This can be used
    to decide in a managed block of code to decide whether a commit or rollback
    should happen.
    """
    get_connection(using).set_clean()

def is_managed(using=None):
    warnings.warn("'is_managed' is deprecated.",
        PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)

def managed(flag=True, using=None):
    warnings.warn("'managed' no longer serves a purpose.",
        PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)

def commit_unless_managed(using=None):
    warnings.warn("'commit_unless_managed' is now a no-op.",
        PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)

def rollback_unless_managed(using=None):
    warnings.warn("'rollback_unless_managed' is now a no-op.",
        PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)

###############
# Public APIs #
###############

def get_autocommit(using=None):
    """
    Get the autocommit status of the connection.
    """
    return get_connection(using).autocommit

def set_autocommit(using=None, autocommit=True):
    """
    Set the autocommit status of the connection.
    """
    return get_connection(using).set_autocommit(autocommit)

def commit(using=None):
    """
    Commits a transaction and resets the dirty flag.
    """
    get_connection(using).commit()

def rollback(using=None):
    """
    Rolls back a transaction and resets the dirty flag.
    """
    get_connection(using).rollback()

def savepoint(using=None):
    """
    Creates a savepoint (if supported and required by the backend) inside the
    current transaction. Returns an identifier for the savepoint that will be
    used for the subsequent rollback or commit.
    """
    return get_connection(using).savepoint()

def savepoint_rollback(sid, using=None):
    """
    Rolls back the most recent savepoint (if one exists). Does nothing if
    savepoints are not supported.
    """
    get_connection(using).savepoint_rollback(sid)

def savepoint_commit(sid, using=None):
    """
    Commits the most recent savepoint (if one exists). Does nothing if
    savepoints are not supported.
    """
    get_connection(using).savepoint_commit(sid)

def clean_savepoints(using=None):
    """
    Resets the counter used to generate unique savepoint ids in this thread.
    """
    get_connection(using).clean_savepoints()

#################################
# Decorators / context managers #
#################################

class Atomic(object):
    """
    This class guarantees the atomic execution of a given block.

    An instance can be used either as a decorator or as a context manager.

    When it's used as a decorator, __call__ wraps the execution of the
    decorated function in the instance itself, used as a context manager.

    When it's used as a context manager, __enter__ creates a transaction or a
    savepoint, depending on whether a transaction is already in progress, and
    __exit__ commits the transaction or releases the savepoint on normal exit,
    and rolls back the transaction or to the savepoint on exceptions.

    It's possible to disable the creation of savepoints if the goal is to
    ensure that some code runs within a transaction without creating overhead.

    A stack of savepoints identifiers is maintained as an attribute of the
    connection. None denotes the absence of a savepoint.

    This allows reentrancy even if the same AtomicWrapper is reused. For
    example, it's possible to define `oa = @atomic('other')` and use `@ao` or
    `with oa:` multiple times.

    Since database connections are thread-local, this is thread-safe.
    """

    def __init__(self, using, savepoint):
        self.using = using
        self.savepoint = savepoint

    def _legacy_enter_transaction_management(self, connection):
        if not connection.in_atomic_block:
            if connection.transaction_state and connection.transaction_state[-1]:
                connection._atomic_forced_unmanaged = True
                connection.enter_transaction_management(managed=False)
            else:
                connection._atomic_forced_unmanaged = False

    def _legacy_leave_transaction_management(self, connection):
        if not connection.in_atomic_block and connection._atomic_forced_unmanaged:
            connection.leave_transaction_management()

    def __enter__(self):
        connection = get_connection(self.using)

        # Ensure we have a connection to the database before testing
        # autocommit status.
        connection.ensure_connection()

        # Remove this when the legacy transaction management goes away.
        self._legacy_enter_transaction_management(connection)

        if not connection.in_atomic_block and not connection.autocommit:
            raise TransactionManagementError(
                "'atomic' cannot be used when autocommit is disabled.")

        if connection.in_atomic_block:
            # We're already in a transaction; create a savepoint, unless we
            # were told not to or we're already waiting for a rollback. The
            # second condition avoids creating useless savepoints and prevents
            # overwriting needs_rollback until the rollback is performed.
            if self.savepoint and not connection.needs_rollback:
                sid = connection.savepoint()
                connection.savepoint_ids.append(sid)
            else:
                connection.savepoint_ids.append(None)
        else:
            # We aren't in a transaction yet; create one.
            # The usual way to start a transaction is to turn autocommit off.
            # However, some database adapters (namely sqlite3) don't handle
            # transactions and savepoints properly when autocommit is off.
            # In such cases, start an explicit transaction instead, which has
            # the side-effect of disabling autocommit.
            if connection.features.autocommits_when_autocommit_is_off:
                connection._start_transaction_under_autocommit()
                connection.autocommit = False
            else:
                connection.set_autocommit(False)
            connection.in_atomic_block = True
            connection.needs_rollback = False

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        connection = get_connection(self.using)
        if exc_value is None and not connection.needs_rollback:
            if connection.savepoint_ids:
                # Release savepoint if there is one
                sid = connection.savepoint_ids.pop()
                if sid is not None:
                    try:
                        connection.savepoint_commit(sid)
                    except DatabaseError:
                        connection.savepoint_rollback(sid)
                        # Remove this when the legacy transaction management goes away.
                        self._legacy_leave_transaction_management(connection)
                        raise
            else:
                # Commit transaction
                connection.in_atomic_block = False
                try:
                    connection.commit()
                except DatabaseError:
                    connection.rollback()
                    # Remove this when the legacy transaction management goes away.
                    self._legacy_leave_transaction_management(connection)
                    raise
                finally:
                    if connection.features.autocommits_when_autocommit_is_off:
                        connection.autocommit = True
                    else:
                        connection.set_autocommit(True)
        else:
            # This flag will be set to True again if there isn't a savepoint
            # allowing to perform the rollback at this level.
            connection.needs_rollback = False
            if connection.savepoint_ids:
                # Roll back to savepoint if there is one, mark for rollback
                # otherwise.
                sid = connection.savepoint_ids.pop()
                if sid is None:
                    connection.needs_rollback = True
                else:
                    connection.savepoint_rollback(sid)
            else:
                # Roll back transaction
                connection.in_atomic_block = False
                try:
                    connection.rollback()
                finally:
                    if connection.features.autocommits_when_autocommit_is_off:
                        connection.autocommit = True
                    else:
                        connection.set_autocommit(True)

        # Remove this when the legacy transaction management goes away.
        self._legacy_leave_transaction_management(connection)


    def __call__(self, func):
        @wraps(func)
        def inner(*args, **kwargs):
            with self:
                return func(*args, **kwargs)
        return inner


def atomic(using=None, savepoint=True):
    # Bare decorator: @atomic -- although the first argument is called
    # `using`, it's actually the function being decorated.
    if callable(using):
        return Atomic(DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, savepoint)(using)
    # Decorator: @atomic(...) or context manager: with atomic(...): ...
    else:
        return Atomic(using, savepoint)


def atomic_if_autocommit(using=None, savepoint=True):
    # This variant only exists to support the ability to disable transaction
    # management entirely in the DATABASES setting. It doesn't care about the
    # autocommit state at run time.
    db = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS if callable(using) else using
    autocommit = get_connection(db).settings_dict['AUTOCOMMIT']

    if autocommit:
        return atomic(using, savepoint)
    else:
        # Bare decorator: @atomic_if_autocommit
        if callable(using):
            return using
        # Decorator: @atomic_if_autocommit(...)
        else:
            return lambda func: func


############################################
# Deprecated decorators / context managers #
############################################

class Transaction(object):
    """
    Acts as either a decorator, or a context manager.  If it's a decorator it
    takes a function and returns a wrapped function.  If it's a contextmanager
    it's used with the ``with`` statement.  In either event entering/exiting
    are called before and after, respectively, the function/block is executed.

    autocommit, commit_on_success, and commit_manually contain the
    implementations of entering and exiting.
    """
    def __init__(self, entering, exiting, using):
        self.entering = entering
        self.exiting = exiting
        self.using = using

    def __enter__(self):
        self.entering(self.using)

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        self.exiting(exc_value, self.using)

    def __call__(self, func):
        @wraps(func)
        def inner(*args, **kwargs):
            with self:
                return func(*args, **kwargs)
        return inner

def _transaction_func(entering, exiting, using):
    """
    Takes 3 things, an entering function (what to do to start this block of
    transaction management), an exiting function (what to do to end it, on both
    success and failure, and using which can be: None, indiciating using is
    DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, a callable, indicating that using is DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS and
    to return the function already wrapped.

    Returns either a Transaction objects, which is both a decorator and a
    context manager, or a wrapped function, if using is a callable.
    """
    # Note that although the first argument is *called* `using`, it
    # may actually be a function; @autocommit and @autocommit('foo')
    # are both allowed forms.
    if using is None:
        using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
    if callable(using):
        return Transaction(entering, exiting, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS)(using)
    return Transaction(entering, exiting, using)


def autocommit(using=None):
    """
    Decorator that activates commit on save. This is Django's default behavior;
    this decorator is useful if you globally activated transaction management in
    your settings file and want the default behavior in some view functions.
    """
    warnings.warn("autocommit is deprecated in favor of set_autocommit.",
        PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)

    def entering(using):
        enter_transaction_management(managed=False, using=using)

    def exiting(exc_value, using):
        leave_transaction_management(using=using)

    return _transaction_func(entering, exiting, using)

def commit_on_success(using=None):
    """
    This decorator activates commit on response. This way, if the view function
    runs successfully, a commit is made; if the viewfunc produces an exception,
    a rollback is made. This is one of the most common ways to do transaction
    control in Web apps.
    """
    warnings.warn("commit_on_success is deprecated in favor of atomic.",
        PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)

    def entering(using):
        enter_transaction_management(using=using)

    def exiting(exc_value, using):
        try:
            if exc_value is not None:
                if is_dirty(using=using):
                    rollback(using=using)
            else:
                if is_dirty(using=using):
                    try:
                        commit(using=using)
                    except:
                        rollback(using=using)
                        raise
        finally:
            leave_transaction_management(using=using)

    return _transaction_func(entering, exiting, using)

def commit_manually(using=None):
    """
    Decorator that activates manual transaction control. It just disables
    automatic transaction control and doesn't do any commit/rollback of its
    own -- it's up to the user to call the commit and rollback functions
    themselves.
    """
    warnings.warn("commit_manually is deprecated in favor of set_autocommit.",
        PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)

    def entering(using):
        enter_transaction_management(using=using)

    def exiting(exc_value, using):
        leave_transaction_management(using=using)

    return _transaction_func(entering, exiting, using)

def commit_on_success_unless_managed(using=None, savepoint=False):
    """
    Transitory API to preserve backwards-compatibility while refactoring.

    Once the legacy transaction management is fully deprecated, this should
    simply be replaced by atomic_if_autocommit. Until then, it's necessary to
    avoid making a commit where Django didn't use to, since entering atomic in
    managed mode triggers a commmit.

    Unlike atomic, savepoint defaults to False because that's closer to the
    legacy behavior.
    """
    connection = get_connection(using)
    if connection.autocommit or connection.in_atomic_block:
        return atomic_if_autocommit(using, savepoint)
    else:
        def entering(using):
            pass

        def exiting(exc_value, using):
            set_dirty(using=using)

        return _transaction_func(entering, exiting, using)