Fixed #14675 -- Completed removal of `from django.conf.urls.default import *` usage.

This applies to both our own [test] code and documentation examples. Also:
 * Moved the functions and handlers from `django.conf.urls.defaults` up to
   `django.conf.urls` deprecating the former module.
 * Added documentation for `handler403`.
 * Tweaked the URLs topic document a bit.

Thanks to pupeno and cdestigter for their great work contributing patches.

git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@16818 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37

django/conf/project_template/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
 
 # Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
 # from django.contrib import admin

django/conf/urls/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+from django.core.urlresolvers import (RegexURLPattern,
+    RegexURLResolver, LocaleRegexURLResolver)
+from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+from django.utils.importlib import import_module
+
+
+__all__ = ['handler403', 'handler404', 'handler500', 'include', 'patterns', 'url']
+
+handler403 = 'django.views.defaults.permission_denied'
+handler404 = 'django.views.defaults.page_not_found'
+handler500 = 'django.views.defaults.server_error'
+
+def include(arg, namespace=None, app_name=None):
+    if isinstance(arg, tuple):
+        # callable returning a namespace hint
+        if namespace:
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured('Cannot override the namespace for a dynamic module that provides a namespace')
+        urlconf_module, app_name, namespace = arg
+    else:
+        # No namespace hint - use manually provided namespace
+        urlconf_module = arg
+
+    if isinstance(urlconf_module, basestring):
+        urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
+    patterns = getattr(urlconf_module, 'urlpatterns', urlconf_module)
+
+    # Make sure we can iterate through the patterns (without this, some
+    # testcases will break).
+    if isinstance(patterns, (list, tuple)):
+        for url_pattern in patterns:
+            # Test if the LocaleRegexURLResolver is used within the include;
+            # this should throw an error since this is not allowed!
+            if isinstance(url_pattern, LocaleRegexURLResolver):
+                raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                    'Using i18n_patterns in an included URLconf is not allowed.')
+
+    return (urlconf_module, app_name, namespace)
+
+def patterns(prefix, *args):
+    pattern_list = []
+    for t in args:
+        if isinstance(t, (list, tuple)):
+            t = url(prefix=prefix, *t)
+        elif isinstance(t, RegexURLPattern):
+            t.add_prefix(prefix)
+        pattern_list.append(t)
+    return pattern_list
+
+def url(regex, view, kwargs=None, name=None, prefix=''):
+    if isinstance(view, (list,tuple)):
+        # For include(...) processing.
+        urlconf_module, app_name, namespace = view
+        return RegexURLResolver(regex, urlconf_module, kwargs, app_name=app_name, namespace=namespace)
+    else:
+        if isinstance(view, basestring):
+            if not view:
+                raise ImproperlyConfigured('Empty URL pattern view name not permitted (for pattern %r)' % regex)
+            if prefix:
+                view = prefix + '.' + view
+        return RegexURLPattern(regex, view, kwargs, name)
+

django/conf/urls/defaults.py

@@ -1,61 +1,6 @@
-from django.core.urlresolvers import (RegexURLPattern,
+import warnings
-    RegexURLResolver, LocaleRegexURLResolver)
+warnings.warn("django.conf.urls.defaults is deprecated; use django.conf.urls instead",
-from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+              PendingDeprecationWarning)
-from django.utils.importlib import import_module
-
-
-__all__ = ['handler404', 'handler500', 'include', 'patterns', 'url']
-
-handler403 = 'django.views.defaults.permission_denied'
-handler404 = 'django.views.defaults.page_not_found'
-handler500 = 'django.views.defaults.server_error'
-
-def include(arg, namespace=None, app_name=None):
-    if isinstance(arg, tuple):
-        # callable returning a namespace hint
-        if namespace:
-            raise ImproperlyConfigured('Cannot override the namespace for a dynamic module that provides a namespace')
-        urlconf_module, app_name, namespace = arg
-    else:
-        # No namespace hint - use manually provided namespace
-        urlconf_module = arg
-
-    if isinstance(urlconf_module, basestring):
-        urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
-    patterns = getattr(urlconf_module, 'urlpatterns', urlconf_module)
-
-    # Make sure we can iterate through the patterns (without this, some
-    # testcases will break).
-    if isinstance(patterns, (list, tuple)):
-        for url_pattern in patterns:
-            # Test if the LocaleRegexURLResolver is used within the include;
-            # this should throw an error since this is not allowed!
-            if isinstance(url_pattern, LocaleRegexURLResolver):
-                raise ImproperlyConfigured(
-                    'Using i18n_patterns in an included URLconf is not allowed.')
-
-    return (urlconf_module, app_name, namespace)
-
-def patterns(prefix, *args):
-    pattern_list = []
-    for t in args:
-        if isinstance(t, (list, tuple)):
-            t = url(prefix=prefix, *t)
-        elif isinstance(t, RegexURLPattern):
-            t.add_prefix(prefix)
-        pattern_list.append(t)
-    return pattern_list
-
-def url(regex, view, kwargs=None, name=None, prefix=''):
-    if isinstance(view, (list,tuple)):
-        # For include(...) processing.
-        urlconf_module, app_name, namespace = view
-        return RegexURLResolver(regex, urlconf_module, kwargs, app_name=app_name, namespace=namespace)
-    else:
-        if isinstance(view, basestring):
-            if not view:
-                raise ImproperlyConfigured('Empty URL pattern view name not permitted (for pattern %r)' % regex)
-            if prefix:
-                view = prefix + '.' + view
-        return RegexURLPattern(regex, view, kwargs, name)
 
+from django.conf.urls import (handler403, handler404, handler500,
+        include, patterns, url)

django/conf/urls/i18n.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from django.conf import settings
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 from django.core.urlresolvers import LocaleRegexURLResolver
 
 def i18n_patterns(prefix, *args):

django/conf/urls/shortcut.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('django.views',
     (r'^(?P<content_type_id>\d+)/(?P<object_id>.*)/$', 'defaults.shortcut'),

django/conf/urls/static.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import re
 from django.conf import settings
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, url
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 
 def static(prefix, view='django.views.static.serve', **kwargs):

django/contrib/admin/options.py

@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ class ModelAdmin(BaseModelAdmin):
         super(ModelAdmin, self).__init__()
 
     def get_urls(self):
-        from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, url
+        from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 
         def wrap(view):
             def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):

django/contrib/admin/sites.py

@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class AdminSite(object):
             class MyAdminSite(AdminSite):
 
                 def get_urls(self):
-                    from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, url
+                    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 
                     urls = super(MyAdminSite, self).get_urls()
                     urls += patterns('',
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ class AdminSite(object):
         return update_wrapper(inner, view)
 
     def get_urls(self):
-        from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, url, include
+        from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 
         if settings.DEBUG:
             self.check_dependencies()

django/contrib/admindocs/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from django.contrib.admindocs import views
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',

django/contrib/auth/admin.py

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
         return super(UserAdmin, self).get_form(request, obj, **defaults)
 
     def get_urls(self):
-        from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns
+        from django.conf.urls import patterns
         return patterns('',
             (r'^(\d+)/password/$', self.admin_site.admin_view(self.user_change_password))
         ) + super(UserAdmin, self).get_urls()

django/contrib/auth/tests/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, url
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from django.contrib.auth import context_processors
 from django.contrib.auth.urls import urlpatterns
 from django.contrib.auth.views import password_reset

django/contrib/auth/urls.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # provided as a convenience to those who want to deploy these URLs elsewhere.
 # This file is also used to provide a reliable view deployment for test purposes.
 
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^login/$', 'django.contrib.auth.views.login'),

django/contrib/comments/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('django.contrib.comments.views',
     url(r'^post/$',          'comments.post_comment',       name='comments-post-comment'),

django/contrib/databrowse/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 from django.contrib.databrowse import views
 
 # Note: The views in this URLconf all require a 'models' argument,

django/contrib/flatpages/tests/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, include
 
 # special urls for flatpage test cases
 urlpatterns = patterns('',

django/contrib/flatpages/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('django.contrib.flatpages.views',
     (r'^(?P<url>.*)$', 'flatpage'),

django/contrib/formtools/tests/urls.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 This is a URLconf to be loaded by tests.py. Add any URLs needed for tests only.
 """
 
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from django.contrib.formtools.tests import TestFormPreview, TestWizardClass
 
 from forms import (ContactWizard, Page1, Page2, Page3, TestForm,

django/contrib/formtools/tests/wizard/namedwizardtests/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, url
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from django.contrib.formtools.tests.wizard.namedwizardtests.forms import (
     SessionContactWizard, CookieContactWizard, Page1, Page2, Page3, Page4)
 

django/contrib/formtools/tests/wizard/wizardtests/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from django.contrib.formtools.tests.wizard.wizardtests.forms import (
     SessionContactWizard, CookieContactWizard, Page1, Page2, Page3, Page4)
 

django/contrib/gis/tests/geoadmin/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, include
 from django.contrib import admin
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',

django/contrib/gis/tests/geoapp/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 from feeds import feed_dict
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',

django/contrib/messages/tests/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 from django.contrib import messages
 from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
 from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect, HttpResponse

django/contrib/sitemaps/tests/urls.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from datetime import datetime
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 from django.contrib.sitemaps import Sitemap, GenericSitemap, FlatPageSitemap
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 

docs/internals/deprecation.txt

@@ -243,6 +243,12 @@ their deprecation, as per the :ref:`deprecation policy
       :mod:`django.contrib.gis.geoip` in 1.4 -- the shortcut in
       :mod:`django.contrib.gis.utils` will be removed.
 
+    * In 1.4, functions :func:`~django.conf.urls.include`, :func:`~django.conf.urls.patterns`
+      and :func:`~django.conf.urls.url` plus :data:`~django.conf.urls.handler404`,
+      :data:`~django.conf.urls.handler500` were moved to :mod:`django.conf.urls`
+      from their previous location ``django.conf.urls.defaults``. This module
+      was deprecated at the same time and will be removed in this Django release.
+
 2.0
 ---
 

docs/intro/overview.txt

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ decouple URLs from Python code.
 Here's what a URLconf might look like for the ``Reporter``/``Article``
 example above::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 
     urlpatterns = patterns('',
         (r'^articles/(\d{4})/$', 'news.views.year_archive'),

docs/intro/tutorial02.txt

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ activate the admin site for your installation, do these three things:
 
       .. parsed-literal::
 
-          from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url
+          from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
 
           # Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
           **from django.contrib import admin**

docs/intro/tutorial03.txt

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ point at that file::
 
 Time for an example. Edit ``mysite/urls.py`` so it looks like this::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
 
     from django.contrib import admin
     admin.autodiscover()
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ special: It's just a normal view.
 You normally won't have to bother with writing 404 views. By default, URLconfs
 have the following line up top::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
 
 That takes care of setting ``handler404`` in the current module. As you can see
 in ``django/conf/urls/defaults.py``, ``handler404`` is set to
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ Namely, ``polls.views`` is in every callback.
 
 Because this is a common case, the URLconf framework provides a shortcut for
 common prefixes. You can factor out the common prefixes and add them as the
-first argument to :func:`~django.conf.urls.defaults.patterns`, like so::
+first argument to :func:`~django.conf.urls.patterns`, like so::
 
     urlpatterns = patterns('polls.views',
         (r'^polls/$', 'index'),
@@ -457,10 +457,10 @@ tidier.
 
 Since you generally don't want the prefix for one app to be applied to every
 callback in your URLconf, you can concatenate multiple
-:func:`~django.conf.urls.defaults.patterns`. Your full ``mysite/urls.py`` might
+:func:`~django.conf.urls.patterns`. Your full ``mysite/urls.py`` might
 now look like this::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
 
     from django.contrib import admin
     admin.autodiscover()
@@ -494,10 +494,10 @@ URLs within the app directory.
 
 Copy the file ``mysite/urls.py`` to ``polls/urls.py``. Then, change
 ``mysite/urls.py`` to remove the poll-specific URLs and insert an
-:func:`~django.conf.urls.defaults.include`, leaving you with::
+:func:`~django.conf.urls.include`, leaving you with::
 
     # This also imports the include function
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
 
     from django.contrib import admin
     admin.autodiscover()
@@ -507,10 +507,10 @@ Copy the file ``mysite/urls.py`` to ``polls/urls.py``. Then, change
         url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
     )
 
-:func:`~django.conf.urls.defaults.include` simply references another URLconf.
+:func:`~django.conf.urls.include` simply references another URLconf.
 Note that the regular expression doesn't have a ``$`` (end-of-string match
 character) but has the trailing slash. Whenever Django encounters
-:func:`~django.conf.urls.defaults.include`, it chops off whatever part of the
+:func:`~django.conf.urls.include`, it chops off whatever part of the
 URL matched up to that point and sends the remaining string to the included
 URLconf for further processing.
 
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ URLconf by removing the leading "polls/" from each line, and removing the
 lines registering the admin site. Your ``polls/urls.py`` file should now look like
 this::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
 
     urlpatterns = patterns('polls.views',
         (r'^$', 'index'),
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ this::
         (r'^(?P<poll_id>\d+)/vote/$', 'vote'),
     )
 
-The idea behind :func:`~django.conf.urls.defaults.include` and URLconf
+The idea behind :func:`~django.conf.urls.include` and URLconf
 decoupling is to make it easy to plug-and-play URLs. Now that polls are in their
 own URLconf, they can be placed under "/polls/", or under "/fun_polls/", or
 under "/content/polls/", or any other path root, and the app will still work.

docs/intro/tutorial04.txt

@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ Read on for details.
 First, open the ``polls/urls.py`` URLconf. It looks like this, according to the
 tutorial so far::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
 
     urlpatterns = patterns('polls.views',
         (r'^$', 'index'),
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ tutorial so far::
 
 Change it like so::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
     from django.views.generic import DetailView, ListView
     from polls.models import Poll
 
@@ -269,9 +269,9 @@ two views abstract the concepts of "display a list of objects" and
       that we have a way to refer to its URL later on (see the
       documentation about :ref:`naming URL patterns
       <naming-url-patterns>` for information). We're also using the
-      :func:`~django.conf.urls.default.url` function from
+      :func:`~django.conf.urls.url` function from
-      :mod:`django.conf.urls.defaults` here. It's a good habit to use
+      :mod:`django.conf.urls` here. It's a good habit to use
-      :func:`~django.conf.urls.defaults.url` when you are providing a
+      :func:`~django.conf.urls.url` when you are providing a
       pattern name like this.
 
 By default, the :class:`~django.views.generic.list.DetailView` generic

docs/ref/contrib/admin/index.txt

@@ -1831,7 +1831,7 @@ In this example, we register the default ``AdminSite`` instance
 ``django.contrib.admin.site`` at the URL ``/admin/`` ::
 
     # urls.py
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
     from django.contrib import admin
 
     admin.autodiscover()
@@ -1847,7 +1847,7 @@ In this example, we register the ``AdminSite`` instance
 ``myproject.admin.admin_site`` at the URL ``/myadmin/`` ::
 
     # urls.py
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
     from myproject.admin import admin_site
 
     urlpatterns = patterns('',
@@ -1871,7 +1871,7 @@ separate versions of the admin site -- using the ``AdminSite`` instances
 respectively::
 
     # urls.py
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
     from myproject.admin import basic_site, advanced_site
 
     urlpatterns = patterns('',

docs/ref/contrib/comments/example.txt

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ enable it in your project's ``urls.py``:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-  from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+  from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
   from django.contrib.comments.feeds import LatestCommentFeed
 
   urlpatterns = patterns('',
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ syndication feed view:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns
     from django.contrib.comments.feeds import LatestCommentFeed
 
     feeds = {

docs/ref/contrib/formtools/form-wizard.txt

@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ deploy the new :class:`WizardView` object a URL in the ``urls.py``. The
 wizard's :meth:`as_view` method takes a list of your
 :class:`~django.forms.Form` classes as an argument during instantiation::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns
 
     from myapp.forms import ContactForm1, ContactForm2
     from myapp.views import ContactWizard
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ We define our wizard in a ``views.py``::
 
 We need to add the ``ContactWizard`` to our ``urls.py`` file::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import pattern
+    from django.conf.urls import pattern
 
     from myapp.forms import ContactForm1, ContactForm2
     from myapp.views import ContactWizard, show_message_form_condition
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ Additionally you have to pass two more arguments to the
 
 Example code for the changed ``urls.py`` file::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import url, patterns
+    from django.conf.urls import url, patterns
 
     from myapp.forms import ContactForm1, ContactForm2
     from myapp.views import ContactWizard

docs/ref/contrib/gis/tutorial.txt

@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ Let's dive in again -- create a file called ``admin.py`` inside the
 Next, edit your ``urls.py`` in the ``geodjango`` project folder to look
 as follows::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
     from django.contrib.gis import admin
 
     admin.autodiscover()

docs/ref/contrib/sitemaps.txt

@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ Example
 
 Here's an example of a :doc:`URLconf </topics/http/urls>` using both::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
     from django.contrib.sitemaps import FlatPageSitemap, GenericSitemap
     from blog.models import Entry
 

docs/ref/contrib/syndication.txt

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ latest five news items::
 To connect a URL to this feed, put an instance of the Feed object in
 your :doc:`URLconf </topics/http/urls>`. For example::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
     from myproject.feeds import LatestEntriesFeed
 
     urlpatterns = patterns('',
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ Here's a full example::
 
 And the accompanying URLconf::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
     from myproject.feeds import RssSiteNewsFeed, AtomSiteNewsFeed
 
     urlpatterns = patterns('',

docs/ref/models/instances.txt

@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ pattern, it's possible to give a name to a pattern, and then reference the name
 rather than the view function. A named URL pattern is defined by replacing the
 pattern tuple by a call to the ``url`` function)::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 
     url(r'^people/(\d+)/$', 'blog_views.generic_detail', name='people_view'),
 

docs/releases/1.4.txt

@@ -290,9 +290,10 @@ Django 1.4 also includes several smaller improvements worth noting:
   MySQL with the InnoDB database engine.
 
 * A new 403 response handler has been added as
-  ``'django.views.defaults.permission_denied'``. See the documentation
+  ``'django.views.defaults.permission_denied'``. You can set your own handler by
-  about :ref:`the 403 (HTTP Forbidden) view<http_forbidden_view>` for more
+  setting the value of :data:`django.conf.urls.handler403`. See the
-  information.
+  documentation about :ref:`the 403 (HTTP Forbidden) view<http_forbidden_view>`
+  for more information.
 
 * The :ttag:`trans` template tag now takes an optional ``as`` argument to
   be able to retrieve a translation string without displaying it but setting
@@ -590,3 +591,13 @@ backwards-compatibility shim will be removed entirely.
 
 The existence of any ``'filters'`` key under the ``'mail_admins'`` handler will
 disable this backward-compatibility shim and deprecation warning.
+
+``django.conf.urls.defaults``
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Until Django 1.3 the functions :func:`~django.conf.urls.include`,
+:func:`~django.conf.urls.patterns` and :func:`~django.conf.urls.url` plus
+:data:`~django.conf.urls.handler404`, :data:`~django.conf.urls.handler500`
+were located in a ``django.conf.urls.defaults`` module.
+
+Starting with Django 1.4 they are now available in :mod:`django.conf.urls`.

docs/topics/class-based-views.txt

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ views themselves are classes, we point the URL to the ``as_view`` class method
 instead, which is the entry point for class-based views::
 
     # urls.py
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
     from some_app.views import AboutView
 
     urlpatterns = patterns('',
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Alternatively, if you're only changing a few simple attributes on a
 class-based view, you can simply pass the new attributes into the ``as_view``
 method call itself::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
     from django.views.generic import TemplateView
 
     urlpatterns = patterns('',
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ be using these models::
 
 To build a list page of all publishers, we'd use a URLconf along these lines::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
     from django.views.generic import ListView
     from books.models import Publisher
 

docs/topics/generic-views.txt

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ URLconf tuple for a given pattern.
 For example, here's a simple URLconf you could use to present a static "about"
 page::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
     from django.views.generic.simple import direct_to_template
 
     urlpatterns = patterns('',
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ the URLconf to point to a view function:
 
 .. parsed-literal::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
     from django.views.generic.simple import direct_to_template
     **from books.views import about_pages**
 
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ be using these models::
 
 To build a list page of all publishers, we'd use a URLconf along these lines::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
     from django.views.generic import list_detail
     from books.models import Publisher
 

docs/topics/http/urls.txt

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ algorithm the system follows to determine which Python code to execute:
 
     2. Django loads that Python module and looks for the variable
        ``urlpatterns``. This should be a Python list, in the format returned by
-       the function :func:`django.conf.urls.defaults.patterns`.
+       the function :func:`django.conf.urls.patterns`.
 
     3. Django runs through each URL pattern, in order, and stops at the first
        one that matches the requested URL.
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Example
 
 Here's a sample URLconf::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 
     urlpatterns = patterns('',
         (r'^articles/2003/$', 'news.views.special_case_2003'),
@@ -80,9 +80,6 @@ Here's a sample URLconf::
 
 Notes:
 
-    * ``from django.conf.urls.defaults import *`` makes the ``patterns()``
-      function available.
-
     * To capture a value from the URL, just put parenthesis around it.
 
     * There's no need to add a leading slash, because every URL has that. For
@@ -184,13 +181,21 @@ Syntax of the urlpatterns variable
 ==================================
 
 ``urlpatterns`` should be a Python list, in the format returned by the function
-:func:`django.conf.urls.defaults.patterns`. Always use ``patterns()`` to create
+:func:`django.conf.urls.patterns`. Always use ``patterns()`` to create
 the ``urlpatterns`` variable.
 
-Convention is to use ``from django.conf.urls.defaults import *`` at the top of
+``django.conf.urls`` utility functions
-your URLconf. This gives your module access to these objects:
+======================================
 
-.. module:: django.conf.urls.defaults
+.. module:: django.conf.urls
+
+.. deprecated:: 1.4
+    Starting with Django 1.4 functions ``patterns``, ``url``, ``include`` plus
+    the ``handler*`` symbols described below live in the ``django.conf.urls``
+    module.
+
+    Until Django 1.3 they were located in ``django.conf.urls.defaults``. You
+    still can import them from there but it will be removed in Django 1.6.
 
 patterns
 --------
@@ -281,6 +286,24 @@ URLconf will have no effect.
 See the documentation on :ref:`customizing error views
 <customizing-error-views>` for more details.
 
+handler403
+----------
+
+.. data:: handler403
+
+A callable, or a string representing the full Python import path to the view
+that should be called if the user has no the permissions required to access
+a resource.
+
+By default, this is ``'django.views.defaults.permission_denied'``. That default
+value should suffice.
+
+See the documentation about :ref:`the 403 (HTTP Forbidden) view
+<http_forbidden_view>` for more information.
+
+.. versionadded:: 1.4
+    ``handler403`` is new in Django 1.4.
+
 handler404
 ----------
 
@@ -355,7 +378,7 @@ code duplication.
 
 Here's the example URLconf from the :doc:`Django overview </intro/overview>`::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 
     urlpatterns = patterns('',
         (r'^articles/(\d{4})/$', 'news.views.year_archive'),
@@ -370,7 +393,7 @@ each view function.
 
 With this in mind, the above example can be written more concisely as::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 
     urlpatterns = patterns('news.views',
         (r'^articles/(\d{4})/$', 'year_archive'),
@@ -391,7 +414,7 @@ Just add multiple ``patterns()`` objects together, like this:
 
 Old::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 
     urlpatterns = patterns('',
         (r'^$', 'django.views.generic.date_based.archive_index'),
@@ -401,7 +424,7 @@ Old::
 
 New::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 
     urlpatterns = patterns('django.views.generic.date_based',
         (r'^$', 'archive_index'),
@@ -421,7 +444,7 @@ essentially "roots" a set of URLs below other ones.
 For example, here's the URLconf for the `Django Web site`_ itself. It includes a
 number of other URLconfs::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 
     urlpatterns = patterns('',
         (r'^weblog/',        include('django_website.apps.blog.urls.blog')),
@@ -439,7 +462,7 @@ Another possibility is to include additional URL patterns not by specifying the
 URLconf Python module defining them as the `include`_ argument but by using
 directly the pattern list as returned by `patterns`_ instead. For example::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 
     extra_patterns = patterns('',
         url(r'reports/(?P<id>\d+)/$', 'credit.views.report', name='credit-reports'),
@@ -784,8 +807,8 @@ following would happen:
     * ``foo:index`` will again resolve to the index page of the instance ``foo``.
 
 
-Utility methods
+``django.core.urlresolvers`` utility functions
-===============
+==============================================
 
 .. currentmodule:: django.core.urlresolvers
 
@@ -793,7 +816,7 @@ reverse()
 ---------
 
 If you need to use something similar to the :ttag:`url` template tag in
-your code, Django provides the following method (in the
+your code, Django provides the following function (in the
 :mod:`django.core.urlresolvers` module):
 
 .. function:: reverse(viewname, [urlconf=None, args=None, kwargs=None, current_app=None])
@@ -859,7 +882,7 @@ reverse_lazy()
 A lazily evaluated version of `reverse()`_.
 
 It is useful for when you need to use a URL reversal before your project's
-URLConf is loaded. Some common cases where this method is necessary are:
+URLConf is loaded. Some common cases where this function is necessary are:
 
 * providing a reversed URL as the ``url`` attribute of a generic class-based
   view.

docs/topics/i18n/internationalization.txt

@@ -819,11 +819,11 @@ Language prefix in URL patterns
 .. function:: i18n_patterns(prefix, pattern_description, ...)
 
 This function can be used in your root URLconf as a replacement for the normal
-:func:`django.conf.urls.defaults.patterns` function. Django will automatically
+:func:`django.conf.urls.patterns` function. Django will automatically
 prepend the current active language code to all url patterns defined within
 :func:`~django.conf.urls.i18n.i18n_patterns`. Example URL patterns::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
     from django.conf.urls.i18n import i18n_patterns
 
     urlpatterns = patterns(''
@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ Translating URL patterns
 URL patterns can also be marked translatable using the
 :func:`~django.utils.translation.ugettext_lazy` function. Example::
 
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url
+    from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
     from django.conf.urls.i18n import i18n_patterns
     from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 

tests/modeltests/test_client/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 from django.views.generic import RedirectView
 import views
 

tests/regressiontests/admin_views/customadmin.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """
 A second, custom AdminSite -- see tests.CustomAdminSiteTests.
 """
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 from django.contrib import admin
 from django.http import HttpResponse
 

tests/regressiontests/admin_views/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, include
 from django.contrib import admin
 import views
 import customadmin

tests/regressiontests/admin_widgets/urls.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, include
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
 import widgetadmin
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',

tests/regressiontests/comment_tests/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from django.contrib.comments.feeds import LatestCommentFeed
 
 feeds = {

tests/regressiontests/comment_tests/urls_admin.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, include
 from django.contrib import admin
 from django.contrib.comments.admin import CommentsAdmin
 from django.contrib.comments.models import Comment

tests/regressiontests/conditional_processing/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 import views
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',

tests/regressiontests/context_processors/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 
 import views
 

tests/regressiontests/file_uploads/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 import views
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',

tests/regressiontests/generic_inline_admin/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, include
 from django.contrib import admin
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',

tests/regressiontests/generic_views/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from django.views.generic import TemplateView
 from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page
 

tests/regressiontests/i18n/patterns/urls/default.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
 from django.conf.urls.i18n import i18n_patterns
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 from django.views.generic import TemplateView

tests/regressiontests/i18n/patterns/urls/disabled.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import url
+from django.conf.urls import url
 from django.conf.urls.i18n import i18n_patterns
 from django.views.generic import TemplateView
 

tests/regressiontests/i18n/patterns/urls/namespace.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, url
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 from django.views.generic import TemplateView
 

tests/regressiontests/i18n/patterns/urls/wrong.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import include, url
+from django.conf.urls import include, url
 from django.conf.urls.i18n import i18n_patterns
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 

tests/regressiontests/i18n/patterns/urls/wrong_namespace.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import url
+from django.conf.urls import url
 from django.conf.urls.i18n import i18n_patterns
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 from django.views.generic import TemplateView

tests/regressiontests/middleware/cond_get_urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 from django.http import HttpResponse
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',

tests/regressiontests/middleware/extra_urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^middleware/customurlconf/noslash$', 'view'),

tests/regressiontests/middleware/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^noslash$', 'view'),

tests/regressiontests/middleware_exceptions/urls.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # coding: utf-8
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 
 import views
 

tests/regressiontests/model_permalink/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     url(r'^guitarists/(\w{1,50})/$', 'unimplemented_view_placeholder', name='guitarist_detail'),

tests/regressiontests/special_headers/urls.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # coding: utf-8
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 from django.views.generic.list_detail import object_detail
 from models import Article
 import views

tests/regressiontests/staticfiles_tests/urls/default.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, url
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     url(r'^static/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.contrib.staticfiles.views.serve'),

tests/regressiontests/syndication/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 
 import feeds
 

tests/regressiontests/templates/alternate_urls.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # coding: utf-8
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 
 from regressiontests.templates import views
 

tests/regressiontests/templates/urls.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # coding: utf-8
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from regressiontests.templates import views
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',

tests/regressiontests/test_client_regress/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from django.views.generic import RedirectView
 import views
 

tests/regressiontests/test_utils/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 
 import views
 

tests/regressiontests/urlpatterns_reverse/erroneous_urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, url
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     # View has erroneous import

tests/regressiontests/urlpatterns_reverse/extra_urls.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 Some extra URL patterns that are included at the top level.
 """
 
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 from views import empty_view
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',

tests/regressiontests/urlpatterns_reverse/included_named_urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 from views import empty_view
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',

tests/regressiontests/urlpatterns_reverse/included_named_urls2.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from views import empty_view
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',

tests/regressiontests/urlpatterns_reverse/included_namespace_urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 from namespace_urls import URLObject
 from views import view_class_instance
 

tests/regressiontests/urlpatterns_reverse/included_urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from views import empty_view
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',

tests/regressiontests/urlpatterns_reverse/included_urls2.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ each name to resolve and Django must distinguish the possibilities based on the
 argument list.
 """
 
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from views import empty_view
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',

tests/regressiontests/urlpatterns_reverse/named_urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 from views import empty_view
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',

tests/regressiontests/urlpatterns_reverse/namespace_urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 from views import view_class_instance
 
 class URLObject(object):

tests/regressiontests/urlpatterns_reverse/no_urls.py

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-#from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+#from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 

tests/regressiontests/urlpatterns_reverse/reverse_lazy_urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 
 from views import empty_view, LazyRedirectView, login_required_view
 

tests/regressiontests/urlpatterns_reverse/urlconf_inner.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from django.template import Template, Context
 from django.http import HttpResponse
 

tests/regressiontests/urlpatterns_reverse/urlconf_outer.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 
 import urlconf_inner
 

tests/regressiontests/urlpatterns_reverse/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 from views import empty_view, absolute_kwargs_view
 
 other_patterns = patterns('',

tests/regressiontests/urlpatterns_reverse/urls_error_handlers.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Used by the ErrorHandlerResolutionTests test case.
 
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('')
 

tests/regressiontests/urlpatterns_reverse/urls_error_handlers_callables.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Used by the ErrorHandlerResolutionTests test case.
 
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 from views import empty_view
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('')

tests/regressiontests/urlpatterns_reverse/urls_without_full_import.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # A URLs file that doesn't use the default
-# from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+# from django.conf.urls import *
 # import pattern.
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, url
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from views import empty_view, bad_view
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',

tests/regressiontests/views/generic_urls.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, url
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 
 from models import *
 

tests/regressiontests/views/urls.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # coding: utf-8
 from os import path
 
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 
 import views
 

tests/urls.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, include
 
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',