Made some changes to db-api docs

git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@32 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37

docs/db-api.txt

@@ -4,12 +4,9 @@ Database API reference
 
 XXX INTRO HERE XXX
 
-Throughout this reference, I'll be referring to the following Poll application::
+Throughout this reference, we'll refer to the following Poll application::
 
     class Poll(meta.Model):
-        module_name = 'polls'
-        verbose_name = 'poll'
-        db_table = 'polls'
         fields = (
             meta.SlugField('slug', 'slug', unique_for_month='pub_date'),
             meta.CharField('question', 'question', maxlength=255),
@@ -18,13 +15,9 @@ Throughout this reference, I'll be referring to the following Poll application::
         )
 
     class Choice(meta.Model):
-        module_name = 'choices'
-        verbose_name = 'choice'
-        db_table = 'poll_choices'
         fields = (
-            meta.IntegerField('poll_id', 'poll', rel=meta.ManyToOne(Poll, 'poll', 'id',
+            meta.ForeignKey(Poll, edit_inline=True, edit_inline_type=meta.TABULAR,
-                edit_inline=True, edit_inline_type=meta.TABULAR, num_in_admin=10,
+                num_in_admin=10, min_num_in_admin=5),
-                min_num_in_admin=5)),
             meta.CharField('choice', 'choice', maxlength=255, core=True),
             meta.IntegerField('votes', 'votes', editable=False, default=0),
         )
@@ -35,8 +28,8 @@ Basic lookup functions
 Each model exposes three basic functions for lookups: ``get_object``,
 ``get_list``, and ``get_count``.  These functions all take the same arguments,
 but ``get_object`` assumes that only a single record will be returned (and
-raises an exception if that's not true), ``get_count`` simple returns a count of
+raises ``AssertionError`` if that's not true), ``get_count`` simply returns a
-objects matched by the lookup, and ``get_list`` returns the entire list.
+count of objects matched by the lookup, and ``get_list`` returns a list of objects.
 
 Field lookups
 =============
@@ -48,7 +41,7 @@ double-underscore). For example::
 
 translates (roughly) into the following SQL:
 
-    SELECT * FROM polls WHERE pub_date < NOW();
+    SELECT * FROM polls_polls WHERE pub_date < NOW();
 
 The DB API supports the following lookup types:
 
@@ -59,10 +52,10 @@ The DB API supports the following lookup types:
     iexact      Case-insensitive exact match:
                 ``polls.get_list(slug__iexact="foo")`` matches a slug of ``foo``,
                 ``FOO``, ``fOo``, etc.
-    contains    Case-sensitive contains test:
+    contains    Case-sensitive containment test:
                 ``polls.get_list(question__contains="spam")`` returns all polls
                 that contain "spam" in the question.
-    icontains   Case-insensitive contains
+    icontains   Case-insensitive containment test
     gt          Greater than: ``polls.get_list(id__gt=4)``
     gte         Greater than or equal to
     lt          Less than
@@ -71,7 +64,7 @@ The DB API supports the following lookup types:
                 ``polls.get_list(question_startswith="Would")``
     endswith    Case-sensitive ends-with
     range       Range test:
-                ``polls.get_list(pub_date__range=(start_date, end_date)``
+                ``polls.get_list(pub_date__range=(start_date, end_date))``
                 returns all polls with a pub_date between ``start_date``
                 and ``end_date`` (inclusive).
     year        For date/datetime fields, exact year match:
@@ -82,7 +75,7 @@ The DB API supports the following lookup types:
                 ``polls.get_list(expire_date__isnull=True)``.
     ==========  ==============================================================
 
-Multiple lookups are of course allowed, and are translated as "ands"::
+Multiple lookups are allowed, of course, and are translated as "AND"s::
 
     polls.get_list(
         pub_date__year=2005,
@@ -90,11 +83,7 @@ Multiple lookups are of course allowed, and are translated as "ands"::
         question__startswith="Would",
     )
 
-retrieves all polls published in Jan. 2005 whose question starts with "Would."
+...retrieves all polls published in January 2005 that have a question starting with "Would."
-
-"Or" lookups are also possible::
-
-    XXX FIXME XXX
 
 Ordering
 ========
@@ -112,7 +101,7 @@ provided by the ``order_by`` argument to a lookup::
 The result set above will be ordered by ``pub_date`` (descending), then
 by ``question`` (ascending).  Just like in models, the ``order_by`` clause
 is a list of ordering tuples where the first element is the field and the
-second is "ASC" or "DESC" to order ascending or descending.  You may also
+second is "ASC" (ascending) or "DESC" (descending).  You can also
 use the tuple ``(None, "RANDOM")`` to order the result set randomly.
 
 Relationships (joins)
@@ -123,14 +112,14 @@ Joins may implicitly be performed by following relationships:
 objects where the associated ``Poll`` has a slug of ``eggs``.  Multiple levels
 of joins are allowed.
 
-Given an instance of an object, related objects can be looked up directly using
+Given an instance of an object, related objects can be looked-up directly using
-connivence functions, for example, if ``poll`` is a ``Poll`` instance,
+convenience functions. For example, if ``p`` is a ``Poll`` instance,
-``poll.get_choice_list()`` will return a list of all associated choices (astute
+``p.get_choice_list()`` will return a list of all associated choices. Astute
 readers will note that this is the same as
-``choices.get_list(poll_id__exact=poll.id)``, except clearer).
+``choices.get_list(poll_id__exact=p.id)``, except clearer.
 
 Each type of relationship creates a set of methods on each object in the
-relationship.  These created methods go both ways, so objects that are
+relationship. These methods are created in both directions, so objects that are
 "related-to" need not explicitly define reverse relationships; that happens
 automatically.
 
@@ -141,7 +130,6 @@ Each object in a one-to-one relationship will have a ``get_relatedobject()``
 method. For example::
 
     class Place(meta.Model):
-        ...
         fields = (
             ...
         )
@@ -160,23 +148,29 @@ and each ``Restaurant`` will have a ``get_place()`` method.
 Many-to-one relations
 ---------------------
 
-In each many-to-one relationship the related object will have a
+In each many-to-one relationship, the related object will have a
 ``get_relatedobject()`` method, and the related-to object will have
 ``get_relatedobject()``, ``get_relatedobject_list()``, and
 ``get_relatedobject_count()`` methods (the same as the module-level
 ``get_object()``, ``get_list()``, and ``get_count()`` methods).
 
-Thus, for the ``Poll`` example at the top, ``Choice`` objects will have a
+In the poll example above, here are the available choice methods on a ``Poll`` object ``p``::
-``get_poll()`` method, and ``Poll`` objects will have ``get_choice()``,
+
-``get_choice_list()``, and ``get_choice_count()`` functions.
+    p.get_choice()
+    p.get_choice_list()
+    p.get_choice_count()
+
+And a ``Choice`` object ``c`` has the following method::
+
+    c.get_poll()
 
 Many-to-many relations
 ----------------------
 
 Many-to-many relations result in the same set of methods as `Many-to-one relations`_,
-except that the ``get_relatedobjects()`` function on the related object will
+except that the ``get_relatedobject_list()`` function on the related object will
 return a list of instances instead of a single instance.  So, if the relationship
-between ``Poll`` and ``Choice`` was many-to-many, ``choice.get_polls()`` would
+between ``Poll`` and ``Choice`` was many-to-many, ``choice.get_poll_list()`` would
 return a list.
 
 Relationships across applications
@@ -192,10 +186,9 @@ Selecting related objects
 
 Relations are the bread and butter of databases, so there's an option to "follow"
 all relationships and pre-fill them in a simple cache so that later calls to
-objects with a one-to-many relationship don't have to hit the database.  If you pass
+objects with a one-to-many relationship don't have to hit the database. Do this by
-``select_related=True`` to a lookup, this pre-caching of relationships will be performed.
+passing ``select_related=True`` to a lookup. This results in (sometimes much) larger
-This results in (sometimes much) larger queries, but it means that later use of
+queries, but it means that later use of relationships is much faster.
-relationships is much faster.
 
 For example, using the Poll and Choice models from above, if you do the following::
 
@@ -203,6 +196,35 @@ For example, using the Poll and Choice models from above, if you do the followin
 
 Then subsequent calls to ``c.get_poll()`` won't hit the database.
 
+Note that ``select_related`` follows foreign keys as far as possible. If you have the
+following models...
+
+    class Poll(meta.Model):
+        ...
+
+    class Choice(meta.Model):
+        fields = (
+            meta.ForeignKey(Poll),
+            ...
+        )
+
+    class SingleVote(meta.Model):
+        fields = (
+            meta.ForeignKey(Choice),
+            ...
+        )
+
+...then a call to ``singlevotes.get_object(id__exact=4, select_related=True)`` will
+cache the related choice *and* the related poll.
+
+    >>> sv = singlevotes.get_object(id__exact=4, select_related=True)
+    >>> c = sv.get_choice()        # Doesn't hit the database.
+    >>> p = c.get_poll()           # Doesn't hit the database.
+
+    >>> sv = singlevotes.get_object(id__exact=4) # Note no "select_related".
+    >>> c = sv.get_choice()        # Hits the database.
+    >>> p = c.get_poll()           # Hits the database.
+
 Limiting selected rows
 ======================
 
@@ -210,16 +232,16 @@ The ``limit``, ``offset``, and ``distinct`` keywords can be used to control
 which rows are returned.  Both ``limit`` and ``offset`` should be integers which
 will be directly passed to the SQL ``LIMIT``/``OFFSET`` commands.
 
-If ``distinct`` is True, only distinct rows will be returned (this is equivalent
+If ``distinct`` is True, only distinct rows will be returned. This is equivalent
-to a ``SELECT DISTINCT`` SQL clause).
+to a ``SELECT DISTINCT`` SQL clause.
 
 Other lookup options
 ====================
 
 There are a few other ways of more directly controlling the generated SQL
 for the lookup.  Note that by definition these extra lookups may not be
-portable to different database engines (since you're explicitly writing
+portable to different database engines (because you're explicitly writing
-SQL code) and should be avoided where ever possible.:
+SQL code) and should be avoided if possible.:
 
 ``params``
 ----------
@@ -233,7 +255,8 @@ parameters to be substituted.
 ----------
 
 The ``select`` keyword allows you to select extra fields.  This should be a
-dict mapping field names to a SQL clause to use for that field.  For example::
+dictionary mapping attribute names to a SQL clause to use to calculate that
+attribute. For example::
 
     polls.get_list(
         select={
@@ -241,8 +264,8 @@ dict mapping field names to a SQL clause to use for that field.  For example::
         }
     )
 
-Each of the resulting ``Poll`` objects will have an extra ``choice_count`` with
+Each of the resulting ``Poll`` objects will have an extra attribute, ``choice_count``,
-a count of associated ``Choice`` objects.  Note that the parenthesis required by
+an integer count of associated ``Choice`` objects. Note that the parenthesis required by
 most database engines around sub-selects are not required in Django's ``select``
 clauses.
 
@@ -250,9 +273,20 @@ clauses.
 ----------------------
 
 If you need to explicitly pass extra ``WHERE`` clauses -- perhaps to perform
-non-explicit joins -- use the ``where`` keyword..  If you need to
+non-explicit joins -- use the ``where`` keyword. If you need to
 join other tables into your query, you can pass their names to ``tables``.
 
+``where`` and ``tables`` both take a list of strings. All ``where`` parameters
+are "AND"ed to any other search criteria.
+
+For example::
+
+    polls.get_list(question__startswith='Who', where=['id IN (3, 4, 5, 20)'])
+
+...translates (roughly) into the following SQL:
+
+    SELECT * FROM polls_polls WHERE question LIKE 'Who%' AND id IN (3, 4, 5, 20);
+
 Creating new objects
 ====================