[2.2.x] Fixed #30385 -- Restored SearchVector(config) immutability.

Regression in 1a28dc3887.

The usage of CONCAT to allow SearchVector to deal with non-text fields
made the generated expression non-IMMUTABLE which prevents a functional
index to be created for it.

Using a combination of COALESCE and ::text makes sure the expression
preserves its immutability.

Refs #29582. Thanks Andrew Brown for the report, Nick Pope for the
review.

Backport of 405c836336 from master

django/contrib/postgres/search.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-from django.db.models import Field, FloatField
+from django.db.models import CharField, Field, FloatField, TextField
 from django.db.models.expressions import CombinedExpression, Func, Value
+from django.db.models.functions import Cast, Coalesce
 from django.db.models.lookups import Lookup
 
 
@@ -45,8 +46,7 @@ class SearchVectorCombinable:
 
 class SearchVector(SearchVectorCombinable, Func):
     function = 'to_tsvector'
-    arg_joiner = ", ' ',"
+    arg_joiner = " || ' ' || "
-    template = '%(function)s(concat(%(expressions)s))'
     output_field = SearchVectorField()
     config = None
 
@@ -60,6 +60,14 @@ class SearchVector(SearchVectorCombinable, Func):
 
     def resolve_expression(self, query=None, allow_joins=True, reuse=None, summarize=False, for_save=False):
         resolved = super().resolve_expression(query, allow_joins, reuse, summarize, for_save)
+        resolved.set_source_expressions([
+            Coalesce(
+                expression
+                if isinstance(expression.output_field, (CharField, TextField))
+                else Cast(expression, TextField()),
+                Value('')
+            ) for expression in resolved.get_source_expressions()
+        ])
         if self.config:
             if not hasattr(self.config, 'resolve_expression'):
                 resolved.config = Value(self.config).resolve_expression(query, allow_joins, reuse, summarize, for_save)
@@ -72,7 +80,7 @@ class SearchVector(SearchVectorCombinable, Func):
         if template is None:
             if self.config:
                 config_sql, config_params = compiler.compile(self.config)
-                template = "%(function)s({}::regconfig, concat(%(expressions)s))".format(config_sql.replace('%', '%%'))
+                template = '%(function)s({}::regconfig, %(expressions)s)'.format(config_sql.replace('%', '%%'))
             else:
                 template = self.template
         sql, params = super().as_sql(compiler, connection, function=function, template=template)

docs/releases/2.2.1.txt

@@ -42,3 +42,7 @@ Bugfixes
 * Fixed a regression in Django 2.2 where ``IntegerField`` validation of
   database limits crashes if ``limit_value`` attribute in a custom validator is
   callable (:ticket:`30328`).
+
+* Fixed a regression in Django 2.2 where
+  :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.search.SearchVector` generates SQL that is
+  not indexable (:ticket:`30385`).

tests/postgres_tests/test_search.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ transcript.
 from django.contrib.postgres.search import (
     SearchQuery, SearchRank, SearchVector,
 )
+from django.db import connection
 from django.db.models import F
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, modify_settings, skipUnlessDBFeature
 
@@ -346,6 +347,23 @@ class TestRankingAndWeights(GrailTestData, PostgreSQLTestCase):
         self.assertSequenceEqual(searched, [self.verse0])
 
 
+class SearchVectorIndexTests(PostgreSQLTestCase):
+    def test_search_vector_index(self):
+        """SearchVector generates IMMUTABLE SQL in order to be indexable."""
+        # This test should be moved to test_indexes and use a functional
+        # index instead once support lands (see #26167).
+        query = Line.objects.all().query
+        resolved = SearchVector('id', 'dialogue', config='english').resolve_expression(query)
+        compiler = query.get_compiler(connection.alias)
+        sql, params = resolved.as_sql(compiler, connection)
+        # Indexed function must be IMMUTABLE.
+        with connection.cursor() as cursor:
+            cursor.execute(
+                'CREATE INDEX search_vector_index ON %s USING GIN (%s)' % (Line._meta.db_table, sql),
+                params,
+            )
+
+
 class SearchQueryTests(SimpleTestCase):
     def test_str(self):
         tests = (