Copy-edited docs from [303] and [304]

git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@306 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
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Adrian Holovaty 2005-07-25 17:18:39 +00:00
parent 1c947e50c9
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@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ code. It is, and this document explains how the framework works.
.. admonition:: A note to the lazy .. admonition:: A note to the lazy
If all you want to do is present forms for a user to create and/or If all you want to do is present forms for a user to create and/or
update a given object, don't read any further but instead click thyself update a given object, don't read any further. Instead, click thyself
over to the `generic views`_ documentation. The following exercises are to the `generic views`_ documentation. The following exercises are
for those interested in how Django's form framework works and those for those interested in how Django's form framework works and those
needing to do more than simple create/update. needing to do more than simple creation/updating.
We'll take a top-down approach to examining Django's form validation framework We'll take a top-down approach to examining Django's form validation framework,
since much of the time you won't need to use the lower-level APIs. Throughout becuase much of the time you won't need to use the lower-level APIs. Throughout
this document, we'll be working with the following model, a "place" object:: this document, we'll be working with the following model, a "place" object::
PLACE_TYPES = ( PLACE_TYPES = (
@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ this document, we'll be working with the following model, a "place" object::
class Place(meta.Model): class Place(meta.Model):
fields = ( fields = (
meta.CharField('name', 'name', maxlength=100), meta.CharField('name', maxlength=100),
meta.CharField('address', 'address', maxlength=100, blank=True), meta.CharField('address', maxlength=100, blank=True),
meta.CharField('city', 'city', maxlength=50, blank=True), meta.CharField('city', maxlength=50, blank=True),
meta.USStateField('state', 'state'), meta.USStateField('state'),
meta.CharField('zip_code', 'zip code', maxlength=5, blank=True), meta.CharField('zip_code', maxlength=5, blank=True),
meta.IntegerField('place_type', 'place type', choices=PLACE_TYPES) meta.IntegerField('place_type', choices=PLACE_TYPES)
) )
def __repr__(self): def __repr__(self):
@ -74,55 +74,57 @@ POSTed data from the browser and creates a new ``Place`` object::
def naive_create_place(request): def naive_create_place(request):
"""A naive approach to creating places; don't actually use this!""" """A naive approach to creating places; don't actually use this!"""
# Create the AddManipulator # Create the AddManipulator.
manipulator = places.AddManipulator() manipulator = places.AddManipulator()
# Make a copy of the POSTed data so that do_html2python can # Make a copy of the POSTed data so that do_html2python can
# modify it in place (request.POST is immutable) # modify it in place (request.POST is immutable).
new_data = request.POST.copy() new_data = request.POST.copy()
# Convert the request data (which will all be strings) into the # Convert the request data (which will all be strings) into the
# appropriate Python types for those fields # appropriate Python types for those fields.
manipulator.do_html2python(new_data) manipulator.do_html2python(new_data)
# Save the new object # Save the new object.
new_place = manipulator.save(new_data) new_place = manipulator.save(new_data)
# It worked! # It worked!
return HttpResponse("Place created: %s" % new_place) return HttpResponse("Place created: %s" % new_place)
The ``naive_create_place`` example works (somewhat), but as you probably can The ``naive_create_place`` example works, but as you probably can tell, this
tell, there's all sorts of problems (some more subtle than others) with this view: view has a number of problems:
* No validation of any sort is performed; if, for example, the ``name`` field * No validation of any sort is performed. If, for example, the ``name`` field
isn't given in ``request.POST``, the save step will cause a database error isn't given in ``request.POST``, the save step will cause a database error
because that field is required. Ugly. because that field is required. Ugly.
* Even if you *do* perform validation, there's still no way to give that information * Even if you *do* perform validation, there's still no way to give that
to the user is any sort of useful way. information to the user is any sort of useful way.
* You'll have to separate create a form (and view) that submits to this page, which is * You'll have to separate create a form (and view) that submits to this
a pain and is redundant. page, which is a pain and is redundant.
Let's dodge these problems momentarily to take a look at how you could create a Let's dodge these problems momentarily to take a look at how you could create a
view with a form that submits to this flawed creation view:: view with a form that submits to this flawed creation view::
def naive_create_place_form(request): def naive_create_place_form(request):
"""Simplistic place form view; don't actually use anything like this!""" """Simplistic place form view; don't actually use anything like this!"""
# Create a FormWrapper object which the template can use; more # Create a FormWrapper object that the template can use. Ignore
# on what the second two arguments to FormWrapper do later. # the last two arguments to FormWrapper for now.
form = formfields.FormWrapper(places.AddManipulator(), {}, {}) form = formfields.FormWrapper(places.AddManipulator(), {}, {})
# Create a template, context, and response # Create a template, context and response.
t = template_loader.get_template('places/naive_create_form') t = template_loader.get_template('places/naive_create_form')
c = Context(request, {'form' : form}) c = Context(request, {
'form': form
})
return HttpResponse(t.render(c)) return HttpResponse(t.render(c))
(This view, as well as all the following ones, have the same imports as the (This view, as well as all the following ones, has the same imports as in the
first example above does.) first example above.)
The ``formfields.FormWrapper`` object is a wrapper that templates can The ``formfields.FormWrapper`` object is a wrapper that templates can
easily deal with to create forms; here's the ``naive_create_form`` template:: easily deal with to create forms. Here's the ``naive_create_form`` template::
{% extends "base" %} {% extends "base" %}
@ -147,18 +149,18 @@ some salient points of the above template::
creates the "right" type of widget for the form, as you can see with the creates the "right" type of widget for the form, as you can see with the
``place_type`` field above. ``place_type`` field above.
* There isn't a way just to spit out the form; you'll still need to define * There isn't a way just to spit out the form. You'll still need to define
how the form gets laid out. This is a feature: every form needs to be how the form gets laid out. This is a feature: Every form should be
designed differently; Django doesn't force you into any type of mould. designed differently. Django doesn't force you into any type of mold.
If you must use tables, use tables; if you're a semantic purist you can If you must use tables, use tables. If you're a semantic purist, you can
probably find better HTML than the above template. probably find better HTML than in the above template.
* To avoid name conflicts, the ``id``s of form elements take the form * To avoid name conflicts, the ``id``s of form elements take the form
"id_*fieldname*". "id_*fieldname*".
By creating a creation form we've solved problem number 3 above, but we still don't By creating a creation form we've solved problem number 3 above, but we still
have any validation; if you enter bad data into any of the . Let's revise the validation don't have any validation. Let's revise the validation issue by writing a new
issue by writing a new creation view that takes into account validation:: creation view that takes validation into account::
def create_place_with_validation(request): def create_place_with_validation(request):
manipulator = places.AddManipulator() manipulator = places.AddManipulator()
@ -168,7 +170,9 @@ issue by writing a new creation view that takes into account validation::
errors = manipulator.get_validation_errors(new_data) errors = manipulator.get_validation_errors(new_data)
if errors: if errors:
t = template_loader.get_template('places/errors') t = template_loader.get_template('places/errors')
c = Context(request, {'errors' : errors} c = Context(request, {
'errors': errors
}
return HttpResponse(t.render(c)) return HttpResponse(t.render(c))
else: else:
manipulator.do_html2python(request.POST) manipulator.do_html2python(request.POST)
@ -192,25 +196,26 @@ on an error page (templated, of course)::
{% endblock %} {% endblock %}
Still, this now has its own problems: Still, this has its own problems:
* There's still the issue of creating a seperate (redundant) view for the * There's still the issue of creating a separate (redundant) view for the
submission form. submission form.
* Errors, though nicely presented are on a seperate page, so the user will have * Errors, though nicely presented, are on a separate page, so the user will
to use the "back" button to fix errors -- not exactly usable! have to use the "back" button to fix errors. That's ridiculous and unusable.
The best way to deal with these issues is to collapse the two views -- the form and the The best way to deal with these issues is to collapse the two views -- the form
submission -- into a single view. This view will be responsible for creating the and the submission -- into a single view. This view will be responsible for
form, validating POSTed data, and creating the new object (should it the data be creating the form, validating POSTed data, and creating the new object (if the
valid). An added bonus of this approach is that errors and the form will both data is valid). An added bonus of this approach is that errors and the form will
be available on the same page, so errors with fields can be presented in context. both be available on the same page, so errors with fields can be presented in
context.
.. admonition:: Philosophy:: .. admonition:: Philosophy::
Finally, for the HTTP purists in the audience (and the authorship), this Finally, for the HTTP purists in the audience (and the authorship), this
nicely matches the "true" meanings of HTTP-GET and HTTP-POST: GET fetches nicely matches the "true" meanings of HTTP GET and HTTP POST: GET fetches
the form, POST creates the new object. the form, and POST creates the new object.
Below is the finished view:: Below is the finished view::
@ -218,29 +223,31 @@ Below is the finished view::
manipulator = places.AddManipulator() manipulator = places.AddManipulator()
if request.POST: if request.POST:
# If data was POSTed, we're trying to create a new Place # If data was POSTed, we're trying to create a new Place.
new_data = request.POST.copy() new_data = request.POST.copy()
# Check for errors # Check for errors.
errors = manipulator.get_validation_errors(new_data) errors = manipulator.get_validation_errors(new_data)
if not errors: if not errors:
# No errors -- this means we can save the data! # No errors. This means we can save the data!
manipulator.do_html2python(new_data) manipulator.do_html2python(new_data)
new_place = manipulator.save(new_data) new_place = manipulator.save(new_data)
# Redirect to the object's "edit" page (so that reloads # Redirect to the object's "edit" page. Always use a redirect
# don't accidentally create duplicate entries) # after POST data, so that reloads don't accidently create
# duplicate entires, and so users don't see the confusing
# "Repost POST data?" alert box in their browsers.
return HttpResponseRedirect("/places/edit/%i/" % new_place.id) return HttpResponseRedirect("/places/edit/%i/" % new_place.id)
else: else:
# No POST, so we want a brand new form without any data or errors # No POST, so we want a brand new form without any data or errors.
errors = new_data = {} errors = new_data = {}
# Create the FormWrapper, template, context, response # Create the FormWrapper, template, context, response.
form = formfields.FormWrapper(manipulator, new_data, errors) form = formfields.FormWrapper(manipulator, new_data, errors)
t = template_loader.get_template("places/create_form") t = template_loader.get_template("places/create_form")
c = Context(request, { c = Context(request, {
'form' : form, 'form': form,
}) })
return HttpResponse(t.render(c)) return HttpResponse(t.render(c))
@ -287,34 +294,33 @@ and here's the ``create_form`` template::
The second two arguments to ``FormWrapper`` (``new_data`` and ``errors``) The second two arguments to ``FormWrapper`` (``new_data`` and ``errors``)
deserve some mention. deserve some mention.
The first is any "default" data to be used as values for the fields; pulling the The first is any "default" data to be used as values for the fields. Pulling
data from ``request.POST`` as is done above makes sure that if there are errors, the data from ``request.POST``, as is done above, makes sure that if there are
the values the user put in aren't lost. If you try the above example, you'll see errors, the values the user put in aren't lost. If you try the above example,
this in action. you'll see this in action.
The second argument is the error list retrieved from The second argument is the error list retrieved from
``manipulator.get_validation_errors``. When passed into the ``FormWrapper``, this gives ``manipulator.get_validation_errors``. When passed into the ``FormWrapper``,
each field an ``errors`` item (which is a list of error messages associated with the this gives each field an ``errors`` item (which is a list of error messages
field) as well as a ``html_error_list`` item which is a ``<ul>`` of error messages. associated with the field) as well as a ``html_error_list`` item, which is a
The above template uses these error items to display a simple error message next ``<ul>`` of error messages. The above template uses these error items to
to each field. display a simple error message next to each field.
Using the ``ChangeManipulator`` Using the ``ChangeManipulator``
------------------------------- -------------------------------
So: the above has covered using the ``AddManipulator`` to create a new object; The above has covered using the ``AddManipulator`` to create a new object. What
what about editing an existing one? It's rather shockingly similar to creating about editing an existing one? It's shockingly similar to creating a new one::
a new one::
def edit_place(request, place_id): def edit_place(request, place_id):
# Get the place in question from the database and create a ChangeManipulator # Get the place in question from the database and create a
# at the same time # ChangeManipulator at the same time.
try: try:
manipulator = places.ChangeManipulator(place_id) manipulator = places.ChangeManipulator(place_id)
except places.PlaceDoesNotExist: except places.PlaceDoesNotExist:
raise Http404 raise Http404
# Grab the Place object is question for future use # Grab the Place object is question for future use.
place = manipulator.original_object place = manipulator.original_object
if request.POST: if request.POST:
@ -334,46 +340,46 @@ a new one::
form = formfields.FormWrapper(manipulator, new_data, errors) form = formfields.FormWrapper(manipulator, new_data, errors)
t = template_loader.get_template("places/edit_form") t = template_loader.get_template("places/edit_form")
c = Context(request, { c = Context(request, {
'form' : form, 'form': form,
'place' : place, 'place': place,
}) })
return HttpResponse(t.render(c)) return HttpResponse(t.render(c))
The only real differences here are: The only real differences are:
* A ``ChangeManipulator`` instead of an ``AddManipulator`` is created; * We create a ``ChangeManipulator`` instead of an ``AddManipulator``.
The argument to any ``ChangeManipulator`` is the id of the object The argument to a ``ChangeManipulator`` is the ID of the object
to be changed. As you can see, the initializer will raise an to be changed. As you can see, the initializer will raise an
``ObjectDoesNotExist`` exception if the id is invalid. ``ObjectDoesNotExist`` exception if the ID is invalid.
* ``ChangeManipulator.original_object`` stores the instance of the * ``ChangeManipulator.original_object`` stores the instance of the
object being edited. object being edited.
* We set ``new_data`` to the original object's ``__dict__``; this makes * We set ``new_data`` to the original object's ``__dict__``. This makes
sure that the form fields contain the current values of the object. sure the form fields contain the current values of the object.
``FormWrapper`` does not modify ``new_data`` in any way, and templates ``FormWrapper`` does not modify ``new_data`` in any way, and templates
cannot, so this is perfectly safe. cannot, so this is perfectly safe.
* The above example uses a different template so that create and edit can * The above example uses a different template, so create and edit can be
be "skinned" differently if needed, but the form chunk itself is "skinned" differently if needed, but the form chunk itself is completely
completely identical to the one in the create form above. identical to the one in the create form above.
The astute programmer will notice that the add and create functions are nearly The astute programmer will notice the add and create functions are nearly
identical and could in fact be collapsed into a single view; this is left identical and could in fact be collapsed into a single view. This is left as an
as an exercise for said programmer. exercise for said programmer.
(However, the even-more-astute programmer will take heed of the note at the top (However, the even-more-astute programmer will take heed of the note at the top
of this document and check out the `generic views`_ documentation if all she of this document and check out the `generic views`_ documentation if all she
wishes to do is this type of simple create/update). wishes to do is this type of simple create/update.)
Custom forms and manipulators Custom forms and manipulators
============================= =============================
All the above is fine and dandy if you want to just use the automatically created All the above is fine and dandy if you just want to use the automatically
manipulators, but the coolness doesn't end there: you can easily create your created manipulators. But the coolness doesn't end there: You can easily create
own custom manipulators for handling custom forms. your own custom manipulators for handling custom forms.
Custom manipulators are pretty simple; here's a manipulator that you might use Custom manipulators are pretty simple. Here's a manipulator that you might use
for a "contact" form on a website:: for a "contact" form on a website::
from django.core import formfields from django.core import formfields
@ -399,8 +405,8 @@ method of a custom manipulator is ``__init__`` which must define the fields
present in the manipulator. See the ``django.core.formfields`` module for present in the manipulator. See the ``django.core.formfields`` module for
all the form fields provided by Django. all the form fields provided by Django.
You use this custom manipulator exactly as you would use an auto-generated one; You use this custom manipulator exactly as you would use an auto-generated one.
here's a simple function that might drive the above form:: Here's a simple function that might drive the above form::
def contact_form(request): def contact_form(request):
manipulator = ContactFormManipulator() manipulator = ContactFormManipulator()
@ -410,7 +416,7 @@ here's a simple function that might drive the above form::
if not errors: if not errors:
manipulator.do_html2python(new_data) manipulator.do_html2python(new_data)
# send email using new_data here... # Send e-mail using new_data here...
return HttpResponseRedirect("/contact/thankyou/") return HttpResponseRedirect("/contact/thankyou/")
else: else:
@ -418,18 +424,18 @@ here's a simple function that might drive the above form::
form = formfields.FormWrapper(manipulator, new_data, errors) form = formfields.FormWrapper(manipulator, new_data, errors)
t = template_loader.get_template("contact_form") t = template_loader.get_template("contact_form")
c = Context(request, { c = Context(request, {
'form' : form, 'form': form,
}) })
return HttpResponse(t.render(c)) return HttpResponse(t.render(c))
Validators Validators
========== ==========
One extremely useful feature of manipulators is the automatic validation it One useful feature of manipulators is the automatic validation. Validation is
performs. Validation is done using a simple validation API: a validator is done using a simple validation API: A validator is a callable that raises a
simple a callable that raises a ``ValidationError`` if there's something wrong ``ValidationError`` if there's something wrong with the data.
with the data. ``django.core.validators`` defines a whole host of validator ``django.core.validators`` defines a host of validator functions, but defining
functions, but defining your own couldn't be easier:: your own couldn't be easier::
from django.core import validators, formfields from django.core import validators, formfields
@ -442,15 +448,18 @@ functions, but defining your own couldn't be easier::
def isValidToAddress(self, field_data, all_data): def isValidToAddress(self, field_data, all_data):
if not field_data.endswith("@example.com"): if not field_data.endswith("@example.com"):
raise ValidationError("You can only send messages to example.com email addresses") raise ValidationError("You can only send messages to example.com e-mail addresses.")
Above, we've added a "to" field to the contact form, but required that the Above, we've added a "to" field to the contact form, but required that the "to"
"to" address end with "@example.com" by adding the ``isValidToAddress`` address end with "@example.com" by adding the ``isValidToAddress`` validator to
validator to the field's ``validator_list``. the field's ``validator_list``.
The arguments to a validator function take a little explanation. ``field_data`` The arguments to a validator function take a little explanation. ``field_data``
is the value of the field in question, and ``all_data`` is a dict of all the is the value of the field in question, and ``all_data`` is a dictionary of all
data being validated. Note that at the point validators are called all data the data being validated. Note that at the point validators are called all
will still be strings (as ``do_html2python`` hasn't been called yet). data will still be strings (as ``do_html2python`` hasn't been called yet).
Also, because consistency in user interfaces is important, we strongly urge you
to put punctuation at the end of your validation messages.
.. _`generic views`: http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/generic_views/ .. _`generic views`: http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/generic_views/

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@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
Using generic views Using generic views
=================== ===================
Writing web applications can often be monotonous as we repeat certain patterns Writing Web applications can be monotonous, because we repeat certain patterns
again and again. In Django, the most common of these patterns have been abstracted into again and again. In Django, the most common of these patterns have been
"generic views" that let you quickly provide common views of object without actually abstracted into "generic views" that let you quickly provide common views of
needing to write any views. an object without actually needing to write any views.
Django's generic views contain the following: Django's generic views contain the following:
@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ Django's generic views contain the following:
.. _latest: http://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/ .. _latest: http://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/
All of these views are used by creating configuration dictionaries in All of these views are used by creating configuration dictionaries in
your urlconfig files and passing those dicts as the third member of the your URLconf files and passing those dictionaries as the third member of the
urlconf tuple. For example, here's the urlconf for the simple weblog URLconf tuple. For example, here's the URLconf for the simple weblog app that
app that drives the blog on djangoproject.com:: drives the blog on djangoproject.com::
from django.conf.urls.defaults import * from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
@ -47,48 +47,50 @@ app that drives the blog on djangoproject.com::
(r'^/?$', 'archive_index', info_dict), (r'^/?$', 'archive_index', info_dict),
) )
As you can see, this urlconf defines a few options in ``info_dict`` that tell As you can see, this URLconf defines a few options in ``info_dict`` that tell
the generic view which model to use (``blog.entries`` in this case), as well as the generic view which model to use (``blog.entries`` in this case), as well as
some extra information. some extra information.
Documentation of each generic view follows along with a list of all keyword arguments Documentation of each generic view follows, along with a list of all keyword
that a generic view expects. Remember that as in the example above, arguments may arguments that a generic view expects. Remember that as in the example above,
either come from the URL pattern (as ``month``, ``day``, ``year``, etc. do above) or arguments may either come from the URL pattern (as ``month``, ``day``,
from the additional information dict (as for ``app_label``, ``module_name``, etc.). ``year``, etc. do above) or from the additional-information dictionary (as for
``app_label``, ``module_name``, etc.).
All the generic views that follow require the ``app_label`` and ``module_name`` keys. All the generic views that follow require the ``app_label`` and ``module_name`` keys.
These values are easiest to explain through example:: These values are easiest to explain through example::
>>> from django.models.blog import entries >>> from django.models.blog import entries
In the above line, ``blog`` is the ``app_label`` (this is the name of the file that In the above line, ``blog`` is the ``app_label`` (the name of the file that
holds all your model definitions) and ``entries`` is the ``module_name`` (this is holds all your model definitions) and ``entries`` is the ``module_name``
either a pluralized, lowercased version of the model class name or the value of (either a pluralized, lowercased version of the model class name, or the value
the ``module_name`` option of your model). In the docs below, these keys will not of the ``module_name`` option of your model). In the docs below, these keys
be repeated, but each generic view requires them. will not be repeated, but each generic view requires them.
Using date-based generic views Using date-based generic views
============================== ==============================
Date-based generic views (in the module ``django.views.generic.date_based``) Date-based generic views (in the module ``django.views.generic.date_based``)
export six functions for dealing with date-based data. Besides ``app_label`` feature six functions for dealing with date-based data. Besides ``app_label``
and ``module_name``, all date-based generic views require that the ``date_field`` and ``module_name``, all date-based generic views require that the
argument to passed to them; this is the name of the field that stores the date ``date_field`` argument be passed to them. This is the name of the field that
the objects should key off of. stores the date the objects should key off of.
Additional, all date-based generic views have the following optional arguments: Additionally, all date-based generic views have the following optional
arguments:
======================= ================================================== ======================= ==================================================
Argument Description Argument Description
======================= ================================================== ======================= ==================================================
``template_name`` Override the default template name used for the ``template_name`` Overrides the default template name used for the
view. view.
``extra_lookup_kwargs`` A dictionary of extra lookup parameters (see ``extra_lookup_kwargs`` A dictionary of extra lookup parameters (see
the `database API docs`_). the `database API docs`_).
``extra_context`` A dict of extra data to put into the template's ``extra_context`` A dictionary of extra data to put into the
context. template's context.
======================= ================================================== ======================= ==================================================
.. _`database API docs`: http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/db_api/ .. _`database API docs`: http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/db_api/
@ -96,9 +98,9 @@ Additional, all date-based generic views have the following optional arguments:
The date-based generic functions are: The date-based generic functions are:
``archive_index`` ``archive_index``
A top-level index page showing the "latest" objects. Has an optional argument, A top-level index page showing the "latest" objects. Has an optional
``num_latest`` which is the number of items to display on the page (defaults argument, ``num_latest``, which is the number of items to display on the
to 15). page (defaults to 15).
Uses the template ``app_label/module_name_archive`` by default. Uses the template ``app_label/module_name_archive`` by default.
@ -118,56 +120,56 @@ The date-based generic functions are:
Has the following template context: Has the following template context:
``date_list`` ``date_list``
List of months in this year with objects List of months in the given year with objects
``year`` ``year``
This year The given year (an integer)
``archive_month`` ``archive_month``
Monthly archive; requires that ``year`` and ``month`` arguments be given. Monthly archive. Requires that ``year`` and ``month`` arguments be given.
Uses the template ``app_label/module_name__archive_month`` by default. Uses the template ``app_label/module_name__archive_month`` by default.
Has the following template context: Has the following template context:
``month`` ``month``
(datetime object) this month The given month (a datetime.datetime object)
``object_list`` ``object_list``
list of objects published in the given month List of objects published in the given month
``archive_day`` ``archive_day``
Daily archive; requires that ``year``, ``month``, and ``day`` arguments Daily archive. Requires that ``year``, ``month``, and ``day`` arguments be
be given. given.
Uses the template ``app_label/module_name__archive_day`` by default. Uses the template ``app_label/module_name__archive_day`` by default.
Has the following template context: Has the following template context:
``object_list`` ``object_list``
list of objects published this day List of objects published this day
``day`` ``day``
(datetime) the day The given day (a datetime.datetime object)
``previous_day`` ``previous_day``
(datetime) the previous day The previous day (a datetime.datetime object)
``next_day`` ``next_day``
(datetime) the next day, or None if the current day is today The next day (a datetime.datetime object), or None if the given
day is today
``archive_today`` ``archive_today``
List of objects for today; exactly the same as ``archive_day``, except List of objects for today. Exactly the same as ``archive_day``, except
that the year/month/day arguments are not given and today's date is the year/month/day arguments are not given, and today's date is used
used instead. instead.
``object_detail`` ``object_detail``
Individual object page; requires ``year``/``month``/``day`` arguments like Individual object page. Requires ``year``/``month``/``day`` arguments like
``archive_day``. This function can be used with two types of URLs: either ``archive_day``. This function can be used with two types of URLs: either
``/year/month/day/slug/`` or ``/year/month/day/object_id/``. ``/year/month/day/slug/`` or ``/year/month/day/object_id/``.
If you're using the slug-style URLs, you'll need to have a ``slug`` item in If you're using the slug-style URLs, you'll need to have a ``slug`` item in
your urlconf, and you'll need to pass a ``slug_field`` key in your info your URLconf, and you'll need to pass a ``slug_field`` key in your info
dict to indicate the name of the slug field. dictionary to indicate the name of the slug field.
If your using the object_id-style URLs, you'll just need to have the URL If your using the object_id-style URLs, you'll just need to give the URL
pattern have an ``object_id`` field. pattern an ``object_id`` field.
You can also pass the ``template_name_field`` argument to indicate that the You can also pass the ``template_name_field`` argument to indicate that the
the object stores the name of its template in a field on the object itself. the object stores the name of its template in a field on the object itself.
@ -175,11 +177,11 @@ The date-based generic functions are:
Using list/detail generic views Using list/detail generic views
=============================== ===============================
The list-detail generic views (in the ``django.views.generic.list_detail`` module) The list-detail generic views (in the ``django.views.generic.list_detail``
are similar to the data-based ones, except the list-detail views simply have two module) are similar to the data-based ones, except the list-detail views simply
views: a list of objects, and an individual object page. have two views: a list of objects, and an individual object page.
All these views take the same three optional arguments as the date-based ones do All these views take the same three optional arguments as the date-based ones
(and they obviously do not accept or require the date field argument). (and they obviously do not accept or require the date field argument).
Individual views are: Individual views are:
@ -197,9 +199,9 @@ Individual views are:
The view will expect a ``page`` GET param with The view will expect a ``page`` GET param with
the (zero-indexed) page number. the (zero-indexed) page number.
``allow_empty`` If ``False`` and there are no objects to display ``allow_empty`` If ``False`` and there are no objects to display,
the view will raise a 404 instead of displaying the view will raise a 404 instead of displaying
an empty index page. an empty index page. ``False`` is default.
======================= ================================================= ======================= =================================================
Uses the template ``app_label/module_name__list`` by default. Uses the template ``app_label/module_name__list`` by default.
@ -207,60 +209,61 @@ Individual views are:
Has the following template context: Has the following template context:
``object_list`` ``object_list``
list of objects List of objects
``is_paginated`` ``is_paginated``
are the results paginated? Are the results paginated? Either True or False
If the results are paginated, the context will have some extra variables: If the results are paginated, the context will have some extra variables:
``results_per_page`` ``results_per_page``
number of objects per page Number of objects per page
``has_next`` ``has_next``
is there a next page? Is there a next page?
``has_previous`` ``has_previous``
is there a prev page? Is there a previous page?
``page`` ``page``
the current page The current page number
``next`` ``next``
the next page The next page number
``previous`` ``previous``
the previous page The previous page
``pages`` ``pages``
number of pages, total Number of pages total
``object_detail`` ``object_detail``
Object detail page. This works like and takes the same arguments as Object detail page. This works like and takes the same arguments as
the date-based ``object_detail`` above, except this one obviously the date-based ``object_detail`` above, except this one, obviously,
does not take the year/month/day arguments. does not take the year/month/day arguments.
Using create/update/delete generic views Using create/update/delete generic views
======================================== ========================================
The ``django.views.generic.create_update`` module contains a set of functions The ``django.views.generic.create_update`` module contains a set of functions
for creating, editing, and deleting objects. These views take the same global for creating, editing and deleting objects. These views take the same global
arguments as the above sets of generic views; they also have a arguments as the above sets of generic views. They also have a
``login_required`` argument which, if ``True``, requires the user to be logged ``login_required`` argument which, if ``True``, requires the user to be logged
in to have access to the page (``login_required`` defaults to ``False``). in to have access to the page. (``login_required`` defaults to ``False``.)
The create/update/delete views are: The create/update/delete views are:
``create_object`` ``create_object``
Create a new object. Has an extra optional argument, ``post_save_redirect``, Create a new object. Has an extra optional argument, ``post_save_redirect``,
which is a URL that the view will redirect to after saving the object which is a URL to which the view will redirect after saving the object.
(defaults to ``object.get_absolute_url()``). It defaults to ``object.get_absolute_url()``.
``post_save_redirect`` may contain dictionary string formatting which will ``post_save_redirect`` may contain dictionary string formatting, which will
be interpolated against the object's dict (so you could use be interpolated against the object's field attributes. For example, you
``post_save_redirect="/polls/%(slug)s/"``, for example). could use ``post_save_redirect="/polls/%(slug)s/"``.
Uses the template ``app_label/module_name__form`` by default (this is the Uses the template ``app_label/module_name__form`` by default. This is the
same template as the ``update_object`` view below; your template can tell same template as the ``update_object`` view below. Your template can tell
the different by the presence or absence of ``{{ object }}`` in the context. the different by the presence or absence of ``{{ object }}`` in the
context.
Has the following template context: Has the following template context:
form form
the form wrapper for the object The form wrapper for the object
.. admonition:: Note .. admonition:: Note
@ -271,31 +274,32 @@ The create/update/delete views are:
``update_object`` ``update_object``
Edit an existing object. Has the same extra slug/ID parameters as Edit an existing object. Has the same extra slug/ID parameters as
``list_detail.object_detail`` does (see above), and the same ``post_save_redirect`` ``list_detail.object_detail`` does (see above), and the same
as ``create_object`` does. ``post_save_redirect`` as ``create_object`` does.
Uses the template ``app_label/module_name__form`` by default. Uses the template ``app_label/module_name__form`` by default.
Has the following template context: Has the following template context:
form form
the form wrapper for the object The form wrapper for the object
object object
the original object being edited The original object being edited
``delete_object`` ``delete_object``
Delete an existing object. The given object will only actually be deleted if Delete an existing object. The given object will only actually be deleted
the request method is POST; if this view is fetched with GET it will display if the request method is POST. If this view is fetched with GET, it will
a confirmation page that should contain a form that POSTs to the same URL. display a confirmation page that should contain a form that POSTs to the
same URL.
You must provide the ``post_delete_redirect`` argument to this function so You must provide the ``post_delete_redirect`` argument to this function, so
that the view knows where to go after the object is deleted. that the view knows where to go after the object is deleted.
If fetched with GET, uses the template If fetched with GET, it uses the template
``app_label/module_name_s_confirm_delete`` by default (uses no template if ``app_label/module_name_s_confirm_delete`` by default. It uses no template
POSTed; simply deletes the object). if POSTed -- it simply deletes the object and redirects.
Has the following template context: Has the following template context:
object object
the object about to be deleted The object about to be deleted