""" The OGRGeometry is a wrapper for using the OGR Geometry class (see http://www.gdal.org/ogr/classOGRGeometry.html). OGRGeometry may be instantiated when reading geometries from OGR Data Sources (e.g. SHP files), or when given OGC WKT (a string). While the 'full' API is not present yet, the API is "pythonic" unlike the traditional and "next-generation" OGR Python bindings. One major advantage OGR Geometries have over their GEOS counterparts is support for spatial reference systems and their transformation. Example: >>> from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeometry, OGRGeomType, SpatialReference >>> wkt1, wkt2 = 'POINT(-90 30)', 'POLYGON((0 0, 5 0, 5 5, 0 5)' >>> pnt = OGRGeometry(wkt1) >>> print pnt POINT (-90 30) >>> mpnt = OGRGeometry(OGRGeomType('MultiPoint'), SpatialReference('WGS84')) >>> mpnt.add(wkt1) >>> mpnt.add(wkt1) >>> print mpnt MULTIPOINT (-90 30,-90 30) >>> print mpnt.srs.name WGS 84 >>> print mpnt.srs.proj +proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs >>> mpnt.transform_to(SpatialReference('NAD27')) >>> print mpnt.proj +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk66 +datum=NAD27 +no_defs >>> print mpnt MULTIPOINT (-89.999930378602485 29.999797886557641,-89.999930378602485 29.999797886557641) The OGRGeomType class is to make it easy to specify an OGR geometry type: >>> from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeomType >>> gt1 = OGRGeomType(3) # Using an integer for the type >>> gt2 = OGRGeomType('Polygon') # Using a string >>> gt3 = OGRGeomType('POLYGON') # It's case-insensitive >>> print gt1 == 3, gt1 == 'Polygon' # Equivalence works w/non-OGRGeomType objects True """ # Python library requisites. import sys from binascii import a2b_hex from ctypes import byref, string_at, c_char_p, c_double, c_ubyte, c_void_p # Getting GDAL prerequisites from django.contrib.gis.gdal.base import GDALBase from django.contrib.gis.gdal.envelope import Envelope, OGREnvelope from django.contrib.gis.gdal.error import OGRException, OGRIndexError, SRSException from django.contrib.gis.gdal.geomtype import OGRGeomType from django.contrib.gis.gdal.srs import SpatialReference, CoordTransform # Getting the ctypes prototype functions that interface w/the GDAL C library. from django.contrib.gis.gdal.prototypes import geom as capi, srs as srs_api GEOJSON = capi.GEOJSON # For recognizing geometry input. from django.contrib.gis.geometry.regex import hex_regex, wkt_regex, json_regex # For more information, see the OGR C API source code: # http://www.gdal.org/ogr/ogr__api_8h.html # # The OGR_G_* routines are relevant here. #### OGRGeometry Class #### class OGRGeometry(GDALBase): "Generally encapsulates an OGR geometry." def __init__(self, geom_input, srs=None): "Initializes Geometry on either WKT or an OGR pointer as input." str_instance = isinstance(geom_input, basestring) # If HEX, unpack input to to a binary buffer. if str_instance and hex_regex.match(geom_input): geom_input = buffer(a2b_hex(geom_input.upper())) str_instance = False # Constructing the geometry, if str_instance: # Checking if unicode if isinstance(geom_input, unicode): # Encoding to ASCII, WKT or HEX doesn't need any more. geom_input = geom_input.encode('ascii') wkt_m = wkt_regex.match(geom_input) json_m = json_regex.match(geom_input) if wkt_m: if wkt_m.group('srid'): # If there's EWKT, set the SRS w/value of the SRID. srs = int(wkt_m.group('srid')) if wkt_m.group('type').upper() == 'LINEARRING': # OGR_G_CreateFromWkt doesn't work with LINEARRING WKT. # See http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/ticket/1992. g = capi.create_geom(OGRGeomType(wkt_m.group('type')).num) capi.import_wkt(g, byref(c_char_p(wkt_m.group('wkt')))) else: g = capi.from_wkt(byref(c_char_p(wkt_m.group('wkt'))), None, byref(c_void_p())) elif json_m: if GEOJSON: g = capi.from_json(geom_input) else: raise NotImplementedError('GeoJSON input only supported on GDAL 1.5+.') else: # Seeing if the input is a valid short-hand string # (e.g., 'Point', 'POLYGON'). ogr_t = OGRGeomType(geom_input) g = capi.create_geom(OGRGeomType(geom_input).num) elif isinstance(geom_input, buffer): # WKB was passed in g = capi.from_wkb(str(geom_input), None, byref(c_void_p()), len(geom_input)) elif isinstance(geom_input, OGRGeomType): # OGRGeomType was passed in, an empty geometry will be created. g = capi.create_geom(geom_input.num) elif isinstance(geom_input, self.ptr_type): # OGR pointer (c_void_p) was the input. g = geom_input else: raise OGRException('Invalid input type for OGR Geometry construction: %s' % type(geom_input)) # Now checking the Geometry pointer before finishing initialization # by setting the pointer for the object. if not g: raise OGRException('Cannot create OGR Geometry from input: %s' % str(geom_input)) self.ptr = g # Assigning the SpatialReference object to the geometry, if valid. if bool(srs): self.srs = srs # Setting the class depending upon the OGR Geometry Type self.__class__ = GEO_CLASSES[self.geom_type.num] def __del__(self): "Deletes this Geometry." if self._ptr: capi.destroy_geom(self._ptr) # Pickle routines def __getstate__(self): srs = self.srs if srs: srs = srs.wkt else: srs = None return str(self.wkb), srs def __setstate__(self, state): wkb, srs = state ptr = capi.from_wkb(wkb, None, byref(c_void_p()), len(wkb)) if not ptr: raise OGRException('Invalid OGRGeometry loaded from pickled state.') self.ptr = ptr self.srs = srs @classmethod def from_bbox(cls, bbox): "Constructs a Polygon from a bounding box (4-tuple)." x0, y0, x1, y1 = bbox return OGRGeometry( 'POLYGON((%s %s, %s %s, %s %s, %s %s, %s %s))' % ( x0, y0, x0, y1, x1, y1, x1, y0, x0, y0) ) ### Geometry set-like operations ### # g = g1 | g2 def __or__(self, other): "Returns the union of the two geometries." return self.union(other) # g = g1 & g2 def __and__(self, other): "Returns the intersection of this Geometry and the other." return self.intersection(other) # g = g1 - g2 def __sub__(self, other): "Return the difference this Geometry and the other." return self.difference(other) # g = g1 ^ g2 def __xor__(self, other): "Return the symmetric difference of this Geometry and the other." return self.sym_difference(other) def __eq__(self, other): "Is this Geometry equal to the other?" return self.equals(other) def __ne__(self, other): "Tests for inequality." return not self.equals(other) def __str__(self): "WKT is used for the string representation." return self.wkt #### Geometry Properties #### @property def dimension(self): "Returns 0 for points, 1 for lines, and 2 for surfaces." return capi.get_dims(self.ptr) def _get_coord_dim(self): "Returns the coordinate dimension of the Geometry." return capi.get_coord_dim(self.ptr) def _set_coord_dim(self, dim): "Sets the coordinate dimension of this Geometry." if not dim in (2, 3): raise ValueError('Geometry dimension must be either 2 or 3') capi.set_coord_dim(self.ptr, dim) coord_dim = property(_get_coord_dim, _set_coord_dim) @property def geom_count(self): "The number of elements in this Geometry." return capi.get_geom_count(self.ptr) @property def point_count(self): "Returns the number of Points in this Geometry." return capi.get_point_count(self.ptr) @property def num_points(self): "Alias for `point_count` (same name method in GEOS API.)" return self.point_count @property def num_coords(self): "Alais for `point_count`." return self.point_count @property def geom_type(self): "Returns the Type for this Geometry." return OGRGeomType(capi.get_geom_type(self.ptr)) @property def geom_name(self): "Returns the Name of this Geometry." return capi.get_geom_name(self.ptr) @property def area(self): "Returns the area for a LinearRing, Polygon, or MultiPolygon; 0 otherwise." return capi.get_area(self.ptr) @property def envelope(self): "Returns the envelope for this Geometry." # TODO: Fix Envelope() for Point geometries. return Envelope(capi.get_envelope(self.ptr, byref(OGREnvelope()))) @property def extent(self): "Returns the envelope as a 4-tuple, instead of as an Envelope object." return self.envelope.tuple #### SpatialReference-related Properties #### # The SRS property def _get_srs(self): "Returns the Spatial Reference for this Geometry." try: srs_ptr = capi.get_geom_srs(self.ptr) return SpatialReference(srs_api.clone_srs(srs_ptr)) except SRSException: return None def _set_srs(self, srs): "Sets the SpatialReference for this geometry." # Do not have to clone the `SpatialReference` object pointer because # when it is assigned to this `OGRGeometry` it's internal OGR # reference count is incremented, and will likewise be released # (decremented) when this geometry's destructor is called. if isinstance(srs, SpatialReference): srs_ptr = srs.ptr elif isinstance(srs, (int, long, basestring)): sr = SpatialReference(srs) srs_ptr = sr.ptr else: raise TypeError('Cannot assign spatial reference with object of type: %s' % type(srs)) capi.assign_srs(self.ptr, srs_ptr) srs = property(_get_srs, _set_srs) # The SRID property def _get_srid(self): srs = self.srs if srs: return srs.srid return None def _set_srid(self, srid): if isinstance(srid, (int, long)): self.srs = srid else: raise TypeError('SRID must be set with an integer.') srid = property(_get_srid, _set_srid) #### Output Methods #### @property def geos(self): "Returns a GEOSGeometry object from this OGRGeometry." from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSGeometry return GEOSGeometry(self.wkb, self.srid) @property def gml(self): "Returns the GML representation of the Geometry." return capi.to_gml(self.ptr) @property def hex(self): "Returns the hexadecimal representation of the WKB (a string)." return str(self.wkb).encode('hex').upper() #return b2a_hex(self.wkb).upper() @property def json(self): """ Returns the GeoJSON representation of this Geometry (requires GDAL 1.5+). """ if GEOJSON: return capi.to_json(self.ptr) else: raise NotImplementedError('GeoJSON output only supported on GDAL 1.5+.') geojson = json @property def kml(self): "Returns the KML representation of the Geometry." if GEOJSON: return capi.to_kml(self.ptr, None) else: raise NotImplementedError('KML output only supported on GDAL 1.5+.') @property def wkb_size(self): "Returns the size of the WKB buffer." return capi.get_wkbsize(self.ptr) @property def wkb(self): "Returns the WKB representation of the Geometry." if sys.byteorder == 'little': byteorder = 1 # wkbNDR (from ogr_core.h) else: byteorder = 0 # wkbXDR sz = self.wkb_size # Creating the unsigned character buffer, and passing it in by reference. buf = (c_ubyte * sz)() wkb = capi.to_wkb(self.ptr, byteorder, byref(buf)) # Returning a buffer of the string at the pointer. return buffer(string_at(buf, sz)) @property def wkt(self): "Returns the WKT representation of the Geometry." return capi.to_wkt(self.ptr, byref(c_char_p())) @property def ewkt(self): "Returns the EWKT representation of the Geometry." srs = self.srs if srs and srs.srid: return 'SRID=%s;%s' % (srs.srid, self.wkt) else: return self.wkt #### Geometry Methods #### def clone(self): "Clones this OGR Geometry." return OGRGeometry(capi.clone_geom(self.ptr), self.srs) def close_rings(self): """ If there are any rings within this geometry that have not been closed, this routine will do so by adding the starting point at the end. """ # Closing the open rings. capi.geom_close_rings(self.ptr) def transform(self, coord_trans, clone=False): """ Transforms this geometry to a different spatial reference system. May take a CoordTransform object, a SpatialReference object, string WKT or PROJ.4, and/or an integer SRID. By default nothing is returned and the geometry is transformed in-place. However, if the `clone` keyword is set, then a transformed clone of this geometry will be returned. """ if clone: klone = self.clone() klone.transform(coord_trans) return klone # Have to get the coordinate dimension of the original geometry # so it can be used to reset the transformed geometry's dimension # afterwards. This is done because of GDAL bug (in versions prior # to 1.7) that turns geometries 3D after transformation, see: # http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/changeset/17792 orig_dim = self.coord_dim # Depending on the input type, use the appropriate OGR routine # to perform the transformation. if isinstance(coord_trans, CoordTransform): capi.geom_transform(self.ptr, coord_trans.ptr) elif isinstance(coord_trans, SpatialReference): capi.geom_transform_to(self.ptr, coord_trans.ptr) elif isinstance(coord_trans, (int, long, basestring)): sr = SpatialReference(coord_trans) capi.geom_transform_to(self.ptr, sr.ptr) else: raise TypeError('Transform only accepts CoordTransform, SpatialReference, string, and integer objects.') # Setting with original dimension, see comment above. if self.coord_dim != orig_dim: self.coord_dim = orig_dim def transform_to(self, srs): "For backwards-compatibility." self.transform(srs) #### Topology Methods #### def _topology(self, func, other): """A generalized function for topology operations, takes a GDAL function and the other geometry to perform the operation on.""" if not isinstance(other, OGRGeometry): raise TypeError('Must use another OGRGeometry object for topology operations!') # Returning the output of the given function with the other geometry's # pointer. return func(self.ptr, other.ptr) def intersects(self, other): "Returns True if this geometry intersects with the other." return self._topology(capi.ogr_intersects, other) def equals(self, other): "Returns True if this geometry is equivalent to the other." return self._topology(capi.ogr_equals, other) def disjoint(self, other): "Returns True if this geometry and the other are spatially disjoint." return self._topology(capi.ogr_disjoint, other) def touches(self, other): "Returns True if this geometry touches the other." return self._topology(capi.ogr_touches, other) def crosses(self, other): "Returns True if this geometry crosses the other." return self._topology(capi.ogr_crosses, other) def within(self, other): "Returns True if this geometry is within the other." return self._topology(capi.ogr_within, other) def contains(self, other): "Returns True if this geometry contains the other." return self._topology(capi.ogr_contains, other) def overlaps(self, other): "Returns True if this geometry overlaps the other." return self._topology(capi.ogr_overlaps, other) #### Geometry-generation Methods #### def _geomgen(self, gen_func, other=None): "A helper routine for the OGR routines that generate geometries." if isinstance(other, OGRGeometry): return OGRGeometry(gen_func(self.ptr, other.ptr), self.srs) else: return OGRGeometry(gen_func(self.ptr), self.srs) @property def boundary(self): "Returns the boundary of this geometry." return self._geomgen(capi.get_boundary) @property def convex_hull(self): """ Returns the smallest convex Polygon that contains all the points in this Geometry. """ return self._geomgen(capi.geom_convex_hull) def difference(self, other): """ Returns a new geometry consisting of the region which is the difference of this geometry and the other. """ return self._geomgen(capi.geom_diff, other) def intersection(self, other): """ Returns a new geometry consisting of the region of intersection of this geometry and the other. """ return self._geomgen(capi.geom_intersection, other) def sym_difference(self, other): """ Returns a new geometry which is the symmetric difference of this geometry and the other. """ return self._geomgen(capi.geom_sym_diff, other) def union(self, other): """ Returns a new geometry consisting of the region which is the union of this geometry and the other. """ return self._geomgen(capi.geom_union, other) # The subclasses for OGR Geometry. class Point(OGRGeometry): @property def x(self): "Returns the X coordinate for this Point." return capi.getx(self.ptr, 0) @property def y(self): "Returns the Y coordinate for this Point." return capi.gety(self.ptr, 0) @property def z(self): "Returns the Z coordinate for this Point." if self.coord_dim == 3: return capi.getz(self.ptr, 0) @property def tuple(self): "Returns the tuple of this point." if self.coord_dim == 2: return (self.x, self.y) elif self.coord_dim == 3: return (self.x, self.y, self.z) coords = tuple class LineString(OGRGeometry): def __getitem__(self, index): "Returns the Point at the given index." if index >= 0 and index < self.point_count: x, y, z = c_double(), c_double(), c_double() capi.get_point(self.ptr, index, byref(x), byref(y), byref(z)) dim = self.coord_dim if dim == 1: return (x.value,) elif dim == 2: return (x.value, y.value) elif dim == 3: return (x.value, y.value, z.value) else: raise OGRIndexError('index out of range: %s' % str(index)) def __iter__(self): "Iterates over each point in the LineString." for i in xrange(self.point_count): yield self[i] def __len__(self): "The length returns the number of points in the LineString." return self.point_count @property def tuple(self): "Returns the tuple representation of this LineString." return tuple([self[i] for i in xrange(len(self))]) coords = tuple def _listarr(self, func): """ Internal routine that returns a sequence (list) corresponding with the given function. """ return [func(self.ptr, i) for i in xrange(len(self))] @property def x(self): "Returns the X coordinates in a list." return self._listarr(capi.getx) @property def y(self): "Returns the Y coordinates in a list." return self._listarr(capi.gety) @property def z(self): "Returns the Z coordinates in a list." if self.coord_dim == 3: return self._listarr(capi.getz) # LinearRings are used in Polygons. class LinearRing(LineString): pass class Polygon(OGRGeometry): def __len__(self): "The number of interior rings in this Polygon." return self.geom_count def __iter__(self): "Iterates through each ring in the Polygon." for i in xrange(self.geom_count): yield self[i] def __getitem__(self, index): "Gets the ring at the specified index." if index < 0 or index >= self.geom_count: raise OGRIndexError('index out of range: %s' % index) else: return OGRGeometry(capi.clone_geom(capi.get_geom_ref(self.ptr, index)), self.srs) # Polygon Properties @property def shell(self): "Returns the shell of this Polygon." return self[0] # First ring is the shell exterior_ring = shell @property def tuple(self): "Returns a tuple of LinearRing coordinate tuples." return tuple([self[i].tuple for i in xrange(self.geom_count)]) coords = tuple @property def point_count(self): "The number of Points in this Polygon." # Summing up the number of points in each ring of the Polygon. return sum([self[i].point_count for i in xrange(self.geom_count)]) @property def centroid(self): "Returns the centroid (a Point) of this Polygon." # The centroid is a Point, create a geometry for this. p = OGRGeometry(OGRGeomType('Point')) capi.get_centroid(self.ptr, p.ptr) return p # Geometry Collection base class. class GeometryCollection(OGRGeometry): "The Geometry Collection class." def __getitem__(self, index): "Gets the Geometry at the specified index." if index < 0 or index >= self.geom_count: raise OGRIndexError('index out of range: %s' % index) else: return OGRGeometry(capi.clone_geom(capi.get_geom_ref(self.ptr, index)), self.srs) def __iter__(self): "Iterates over each Geometry." for i in xrange(self.geom_count): yield self[i] def __len__(self): "The number of geometries in this Geometry Collection." return self.geom_count def add(self, geom): "Add the geometry to this Geometry Collection." if isinstance(geom, OGRGeometry): if isinstance(geom, self.__class__): for g in geom: capi.add_geom(self.ptr, g.ptr) else: capi.add_geom(self.ptr, geom.ptr) elif isinstance(geom, basestring): tmp = OGRGeometry(geom) capi.add_geom(self.ptr, tmp.ptr) else: raise OGRException('Must add an OGRGeometry.') @property def point_count(self): "The number of Points in this Geometry Collection." # Summing up the number of points in each geometry in this collection return sum([self[i].point_count for i in xrange(self.geom_count)]) @property def tuple(self): "Returns a tuple representation of this Geometry Collection." return tuple([self[i].tuple for i in xrange(self.geom_count)]) coords = tuple # Multiple Geometry types. class MultiPoint(GeometryCollection): pass class MultiLineString(GeometryCollection): pass class MultiPolygon(GeometryCollection): pass # Class mapping dictionary (using the OGRwkbGeometryType as the key) GEO_CLASSES = {1 : Point, 2 : LineString, 3 : Polygon, 4 : MultiPoint, 5 : MultiLineString, 6 : MultiPolygon, 7 : GeometryCollection, 101: LinearRing, 1 + OGRGeomType.wkb25bit : Point, 2 + OGRGeomType.wkb25bit : LineString, 3 + OGRGeomType.wkb25bit : Polygon, 4 + OGRGeomType.wkb25bit : MultiPoint, 5 + OGRGeomType.wkb25bit : MultiLineString, 6 + OGRGeomType.wkb25bit : MultiPolygon, 7 + OGRGeomType.wkb25bit : GeometryCollection, }