=================== The staticfiles app =================== .. module:: django.contrib.staticfiles :synopsis: An app for handling static files. .. versionadded:: 1.3 ``django.contrib.staticfiles`` collects static files from each of your applications (and any other places you specify) into a single location that can easily be served in production. .. seealso:: For an introduction to the static files app and some usage examples, see :doc:`/howto/static-files`. .. _staticfiles-settings: Settings ======== .. highlight:: python .. note:: The following settings control the behavior of the staticfiles app. Configuring the global settings :setting:`STATIC_ROOT` and :setting:`STATIC_URL` is **required**. .. setting:: STATICFILES_DIRS STATICFILES_DIRS ---------------- Default: ``[]`` This setting defines the additional locations the staticfiles app will traverse if the :class:`FileSystemFinder` finder is enabled, e.g. if you use the :djadmin:`collectstatic` or :djadmin:`findstatic` management command or use the static file serving view. This should be set to a list or tuple of strings that contain full paths to your additional files directory(ies) e.g.:: STATICFILES_DIRS = ( "/home/special.polls.com/polls/static", "/home/polls.com/polls/static", "/opt/webfiles/common", ) In case you want to refer to files in one of the locations with a additional namespace, you can **optionally** provide a prefix as ``(prefix, path)`` tuples, e.g.:: STATICFILES_DIRS = ( "/home/polls.com/polls/static", ("downloads", "/opt/webfiles/stats"), ) With this configuration, the :djadmin:`collectstatic` management command would for example collect the stats files in a ``'downloads'`` directory. So assuming you have :setting:`STATIC_URL` set ``'/static/'``, this would allow you to refer to the file ``'/opt/webfiles/stats/polls_20101022.tar.gz'`` with ``'/static/downloads/polls_20101022.tar.gz'`` in your templates. .. setting:: STATICFILES_STORAGE STATICFILES_STORAGE ------------------- Default: ``'django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage'`` The file storage engine to use when collecting static files with the :djadmin:`collectstatic` management command. For an example, see :ref:`staticfiles-from-cdn`. .. setting:: STATICFILES_FINDERS STATICFILES_FINDERS ------------------- Default:: ("django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder", "django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder") The list of finder backends that know how to find static files in various locations. The default will find files stored in the :setting:`STATICFILES_DIRS` setting (using :class:`django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder`) and in a ``static`` subdirectory of each app (using :class:`django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder`) One finder is disabled by default: :class:`django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder`. If added to your :setting:`STATICFILES_FINDERS` setting, it will look for static files in the default file storage as defined by the :setting:`DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE` setting. .. note:: When using the :class:`AppDirectoriesFinder` finder, make sure your apps can be found by Django's app loading mechanism. Simply include a ``models`` module (an empty ``models.py`` file suffices) and add the app to the :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` setting of your site. Static file finders are currently considered a private interface, and this interface is thus undocumented. Management Commands =================== .. highlight:: console ``django.contrib.staticfiles`` exposes three management commands. collectstatic ------------- .. django-admin:: collectstatic Collects the static files into :setting:`STATIC_ROOT`. Duplicate file names are by default resolved in a similar way to how template resolution works: the file that is first found in one of the specified locations will be used. If you're confused, the :djadmin:`findstatic` command can help show you which files are found. Files are searched by using the :setting:`enabled finders `. The default is to look in all locations defined in :setting:`STATICFILES_DIRS` and in the ``'static'`` directory of apps specified by the :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` setting. Some commonly used options are: ``--noinput`` Do NOT prompt the user for input of any kind. ``-i PATTERN`` or ``--ignore=PATTERN`` Ignore files or directories matching this glob-style pattern. Use multiple times to ignore more. ``-n`` or ``--dry-run`` Do everything except modify the filesystem. ``-l`` or ``--link`` Create a symbolic link to each file instead of copying. ``--no-default-ignore`` Don't ignore the common private glob-style patterns ``'CVS'``, ``'.*'`` and ``'*~'``. For a full list of options, refer to the commands own help by running:: $ python manage.py collectstatic --help findstatic ---------- .. django-admin:: findstatic Searches for one or more relative paths with the enabled finders. For example:: $ python manage.py findstatic css/base.css admin/js/core.js /home/special.polls.com/core/static/css/base.css /home/polls.com/core/static/css/base.css /home/polls.com/src/django/contrib/admin/media/js/core.js By default, all matching locations are found. To only return the first match for each relative path, use the ``--first`` option:: $ python manage.py findstatic css/base.css --first /home/special.polls.com/core/static/css/base.css This is a debugging aid; it'll show you exactly which static file will be collected for a given path. runserver --------- Overrides the core :djadmin:`runserver` command if the ``staticfiles`` app is :setting:`installed` and adds automatic serving of static files and the following new options. .. django-admin-option:: --nostatic Use the ``--nostatic`` option to disable serving of static files with the :doc:`staticfiles ` app entirely. This option is only available if the :doc:`staticfiles ` app is in your project's :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` setting. Example usage:: django-admin.py runserver --nostatic .. django-admin-option:: --insecure Use the ``--insecure`` option to force serving of static files with the :doc:`staticfiles ` app even if the :setting:`DEBUG` setting is ``False``. By using this you acknowledge the fact that it's **grossly inefficient** and probably **insecure**. This is only intended for local development, should **never be used in production** and is only available if the :doc:`staticfiles ` app is in your project's :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` setting. Example usage:: django-admin.py runserver --insecure .. currentmodule:: None Other Helpers ============= The ``static`` context processor -------------------------------- .. function:: django.core.context_processors.static This context processor adds the :setting:`STATIC_URL` into each template context as the variable ``{{ STATIC_URL }}``. To use it, make sure that ``'django.core.context_processors.static'`` appears somewhere in your :setting:`TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS` setting. Remember, only templates rendered with :class:`~django.template.RequestContext` will have acces to the data provided by this (and any) context processor. .. templatetag:: get_static_prefix The ``get_static_prefix`` templatetag ===================================== .. highlight:: html+django If you're not using :class:`~django.template.RequestContext`, or if you need more control over exactly where and how :setting:`STATIC_URL` is injected into the template, you can use the :ttag:`get_static_prefix` template tag instead:: {% load static %} There's also a second form you can use to avoid extra processing if you need the value multiple times:: {% load static %} {% get_static_prefix as STATIC_PREFIX %} .. _staticfiles-development-view: Static file development view ---------------------------- .. highlight:: python .. function:: django.contrib.staticfiles.views.serve(request, path) This view function serves static files in development. .. warning:: This view will only work if :setting:`DEBUG` is ``True``. That's because this view is **grossly inefficient** and probably **insecure**. This is only intended for local development, and should **never be used in production**. This view is automatically enabled by :djadmin:`runserver` (with a :setting:`DEBUG` setting set to ``True``). To use the view with a different local development server, add the following snippet to the end of your primary URL configuration:: from django.conf import settings if settings.DEBUG: urlpatterns = patterns('django.contrib.staticfiles.views', url(r'^static/(?P.*)$', 'serve'), ) Note, the begin of the pattern (``r'^static/'``) should be your :setting:`STATIC_URL` setting. Since this is a bit finicky, there's also a helper function that'll do this for you: .. function:: django.contrib.staticfiles.urls.staticfiles_urlpatterns() This will return the proper URL pattern for serving static files to your already defined pattern list. Use it like this:: from django.contrib.staticfiles.urls import staticfiles_urlpatterns # ... the rest of your URLconf here ... urlpatterns += staticfiles_urlpatterns() .. warning:: This helper function will only work if :setting:`DEBUG` is ``True`` and your :setting:`STATIC_URL` setting is neither empty nor a full URL such as ``http://static.example.com/``.