============================================ Django 1.6 release notes - UNDER DEVELOPMENT ============================================ .. note:: Dedicated to Malcolm Tredinnick On March 17, 2013, the Django project and the free software community lost a very dear friend and developer. Malcolm was a long-time contributor to Django, a model community member, a brilliant mind, and a friend. His contributions to Django — and to many other open source projects — are nearly impossible to enumerate. Many on the core Django team had their first patches reviewed by him; his mentorship enriched us. His consideration, patience, and dedication will always be an inspiration to us. This release of Django is for Malcolm. -- The Django Developers Welcome to Django 1.6! These release notes cover the `new features`_, as well as some `backwards incompatible changes`_ you'll want to be aware of when upgrading from Django 1.5 or older versions. We've also dropped some features, which are detailed in :doc:`our deprecation plan `, and we've `begun the deprecation process for some features`_. .. _`new features`: `What's new in Django 1.6`_ .. _`backwards incompatible changes`: `Backwards incompatible changes in 1.6`_ .. _`begun the deprecation process for some features`: `Features deprecated in 1.6`_ What's new in Django 1.6 ======================== Simplified default project and app templates ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The default templates used by :djadmin:`startproject` and :djadmin:`startapp` have been simplified and modernized. The :doc:`admin ` is now enabled by default in new projects; the :doc:`sites ` framework no longer is. :ref:`Language detection ` and :ref:`clickjacking prevention ` are turned on. If the default templates don't suit your tastes, you can use :ref:`custom project and app templates `. Improved transaction management ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Django's transaction management was overhauled. Database-level autocommit is now turned on by default. This makes transaction handling more explicit and should improve performance. The existing APIs were deprecated, and new APIs were introduced, as described in the :doc:`transaction management docs `. Please review carefully the list of :ref:`known backwards-incompatibilities ` to determine if you need to make changes in your code. Persistent database connections ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Django now supports reusing the same database connection for several requests. This avoids the overhead of re-establishing a connection at the beginning of each request. For backwards compatibility, this feature is disabled by default. See :ref:`persistent-database-connections` for details. Discovery of tests in any test module ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Django 1.6 ships with a new test runner that allows more flexibility in the location of tests. The previous runner (``django.test.simple.DjangoTestSuiteRunner``) found tests only in the ``models.py`` and ``tests.py`` modules of a Python package in :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS`. The new runner (``django.test.runner.DjangoTestDiscoverRunner``) uses the test discovery features built into unittest2 (the version of unittest in the Python 2.7+ standard library, and bundled with Django). With test discovery, tests can be located in any module whose name matches the pattern ``test*.py``. In addition, the test labels provided to ``./manage.py test`` to nominate specific tests to run must now be full Python dotted paths (or directory paths), rather than ``applabel.TestCase.test_method_name`` pseudo-paths. This allows running tests located anywhere in your codebase, rather than only in :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS`. For more details, see :doc:`/topics/testing/index`. This change is backwards-incompatible; see the :ref:`backwards-incompatibility notes`. Time zone aware aggregation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The support for :doc:`time zones ` introduced in Django 1.4 didn't work well with :meth:`QuerySet.dates() `: aggregation was always performed in UTC. This limitation was lifted in Django 1.6. Use :meth:`QuerySet.datetimes() ` to perform time zone aware aggregation on a :class:`~django.db.models.DateTimeField`. Support for savepoints in SQLite ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Django 1.6 adds support for savepoints in SQLite, with some :ref:`limitations `. ``BinaryField`` model field ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A new :class:`django.db.models.BinaryField` model field allows to store raw binary data in the database. GeoDjango form widgets ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ GeoDjango now provides :ref:`form fields and widgets ` for its geo-specialized fields. They are OpenLayers-based by default, but they can be customized to use any other JS framework. Minor features ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Authentication backends can raise ``PermissionDenied`` to immediately fail the authentication chain. * The HttpOnly flag can be set on the CSRF cookie with :setting:`CSRF_COOKIE_HTTPONLY`. * The ``assertQuerysetEqual()`` now checks for undefined order and raises ``ValueError`` if undefined order is spotted. The order is seen as undefined if the given ``QuerySet`` isn't ordered and there are more than one ordered values to compare against. * Added :meth:`~django.db.models.query.QuerySet.earliest` for symmetry with :meth:`~django.db.models.query.QuerySet.latest`. * In addition to :lookup:`year`, :lookup:`month` and :lookup:`day`, the ORM now supports :lookup:`hour`, :lookup:`minute` and :lookup:`second` lookups. * Django now wraps all PEP-249 exceptions. * The default widgets for :class:`~django.forms.EmailField`, :class:`~django.forms.URLField`, :class:`~django.forms.IntegerField`, :class:`~django.forms.FloatField` and :class:`~django.forms.DecimalField` use the new type attributes available in HTML5 (type='email', type='url', type='number'). Note that due to erratic support of the ``number`` input type with localized numbers in current browsers, Django only uses it when numeric fields are not localized. * The ``number`` argument for :ref:`lazy plural translations ` can be provided at translation time rather than at definition time. * For custom management commands: Verification of the presence of valid settings in commands that ask for it by using the :attr:`~django.core.management.BaseCommand.can_import_settings` internal option is now performed independently from handling of the locale that should be active during the execution of the command. The latter can now be influenced by the new :attr:`~django.core.management.BaseCommand.leave_locale_alone` internal option. See :ref:`management-commands-and-locales` for more details. * The :attr:`~django.views.generic.edit.DeletionMixin.success_url` of :class:`~django.views.generic.edit.DeletionMixin` is now interpolated with its ``object``\'s ``__dict__``. * :class:`~django.http.HttpResponseRedirect` and :class:`~django.http.HttpResponsePermanentRedirect` now provide an ``url`` attribute (equivalent to the URL the response will redirect to). * The ``MemcachedCache`` cache backend now uses the latest :mod:`pickle` protocol available. * Added :class:`~django.contrib.messages.views.SuccessMessageMixin` which provides a ``success_message`` attribute for :class:`~django.views.generic.edit.FormView` based classes. * Added the :attr:`django.db.models.ForeignKey.db_constraint` and :attr:`django.db.models.ManyToManyField.db_constraint` options. * The jQuery library embedded in the admin has been upgraded to version 1.9.1. * Syndication feeds (:mod:`django.contrib.syndication`) can now pass extra context through to feed templates using a new `Feed.get_context_data()` callback. * The admin list columns have a ``column-`` class in the HTML so the columns header can be styled with CSS, e.g. to set a column width. * The isolation level can be customized under PostgreSQL. * The :ttag:`blocktrans` template tag now respects :setting:`TEMPLATE_STRING_IF_INVALID` for variables not present in the context, just like other template constructs. * SimpleLazyObjects will now present more helpful representations in shell debugging situations. * Generic :class:`~django.contrib.gis.db.models.GeometryField` is now editable with the OpenLayers widget in the admin. * The :meth:`Model.save() ` will do ``UPDATE`` - if not updated - ``INSERT`` instead of ``SELECT`` - if not found ``INSERT`` else ``UPDATE`` in case the model's primary key is set. * The documentation contains a :doc:`deployment checklist `. * The :djadmin:`diffsettings` comand gained a ``--all`` option. * ``django.forms.fields.Field.__init__`` now calls ``super()``, allowing field mixins to implement ``__init__()`` methods that will reliably be called. * The ``validate_max`` parameter was added to ``BaseFormSet`` and :func:`~django.forms.formsets.formset_factory`, and ``ModelForm`` and inline versions of the same. The behavior of validation for formsets with ``max_num`` was clarified. The previously undocumented behavior that hardened formsets against memory exhaustion attacks was documented, and the undocumented limit of the higher of 1000 or ``max_num`` forms was changed so it is always 1000 more than ``max_num``. * Added ``BCryptSHA256PasswordHasher`` to resolve the password truncation issue with bcrypt. * `Pillow`_ is now the preferred image manipulation library to use with Django. `PIL`_ is pending deprecation (support to be removed in Django 1.8). To upgrade, you should **first** uninstall PIL, **then** install Pillow. .. _`Pillow`: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Pillow .. _`PIL`: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/PIL * :doc:`ModelForm ` accepts a new Meta option: ``localized_fields``. Fields included in this list will be localized (by setting ``localize`` on the form field). * The ``choices`` argument to model fields now accepts an iterable of iterables instead of requiring an iterable of lists or tuples. Backwards incompatible changes in 1.6 ===================================== .. warning:: In addition to the changes outlined in this section, be sure to review the :doc:`deprecation plan ` for any features that have been removed. If you haven't updated your code within the deprecation timeline for a given feature, its removal may appear as a backwards incompatible change. New transaction management model ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Behavior changes ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Database-level autocommit is enabled by default in Django 1.6. While this doesn't change the general spirit of Django's transaction management, there are a few known backwards-incompatibities, described in the :ref:`transaction management docs `. You should review your code to determine if you're affected. Savepoints and ``assertNumQueries`` ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The changes in transaction management may result in additional statements to create, release or rollback savepoints. This is more likely to happen with SQLite, since it didn't support savepoints until this release. If tests using :meth:`~django.test.TestCase.assertNumQueries` fail because of a higher number of queries than expected, check that the extra queries are related to savepoints, and adjust the expected number of queries accordingly. Autocommit option for PostgreSQL ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ In previous versions, database-level autocommit was only an option for PostgreSQL, and it was disabled by default. This option is now :ref:`ignored ` and can be removed. .. _new-test-runner: New test runner ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In order to maintain greater consistency with Python's unittest module, the new test runner (``django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner``) does not automatically support some types of tests that were supported by the previous runner: * Tests in ``models.py`` and ``tests/__init__.py`` files will no longer be found and run. Move them to a file whose name begins with ``test``. * Doctests will no longer be automatically discovered. To integrate doctests in your test suite, follow the `recommendations in the Python documentation`_. Django bundles a modified version of the :mod:`doctest` module from the Python standard library (in ``django.test._doctest``) in order to allow passing in a custom ``DocTestRunner`` when instantiating a ``DocTestSuite``, and includes some additional doctest utilities (``django.test.testcases.DocTestRunner`` turns on the ``ELLIPSIS`` option by default, and ``django.test.testcases.OutputChecker`` provides better matching of XML, JSON, and numeric data types). These utilities are deprecated and will be removed in Django 1.8; doctest suites should be updated to work with the standard library's doctest module (or converted to unittest-compatible tests). If you wish to delay updates to your test suite, you can set your :setting:`TEST_RUNNER` setting to ``django.test.simple.DjangoTestSuiteRunner`` to fully restore the old test behavior. ``DjangoTestSuiteRunner`` is deprecated but will not be removed from Django until version 1.8. .. _recommendations in the Python documentation: http://docs.python.org/2/library/doctest.html#unittest-api Addition of ``QuerySet.datetimes()`` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ When the :doc:`time zone support ` added in Django 1.4 was active, :meth:`QuerySet.dates() ` lookups returned unexpected results, because the aggregation was performed in UTC. To fix this, Django 1.6 introduces a new API, :meth:`QuerySet.datetimes() `. This requires a few changes in your code. ``QuerySet.dates()`` returns ``date`` objects ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ :meth:`QuerySet.dates() ` now returns a list of :class:`~datetime.date`. It used to return a list of :class:`~datetime.datetime`. :meth:`QuerySet.datetimes() ` returns a list of :class:`~datetime.datetime`. ``QuerySet.dates()`` no longer usable on ``DateTimeField`` ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ :meth:`QuerySet.dates() ` raises an error if it's used on :class:`~django.db.models.DateTimeField` when time zone support is active. Use :meth:`QuerySet.datetimes() ` instead. ``date_hierarchy`` requires time zone definitions ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The :attr:`~django.contrib.admin.ModelAdmin.date_hierarchy` feature of the admin now relies on :meth:`QuerySet.datetimes() ` when it's used on a :class:`~django.db.models.DateTimeField`. This requires time zone definitions in the database when :setting:`USE_TZ` is ``True``. :ref:`Learn more `. ``date_list`` in generic views requires time zone definitions ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ For the same reason, accessing ``date_list`` in the context of a date-based generic view requires time zone definitions in the database when the view is based on a :class:`~django.db.models.DateTimeField` and :setting:`USE_TZ` is ``True``. :ref:`Learn more `. New lookups may clash with model fields ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Django 1.6 introduces ``hour``, ``minute``, and ``second`` lookups on :class:`~django.db.models.DateTimeField`. If you had model fields called ``hour``, ``minute``, or ``second``, the new lookups will clash with you field names. Append an explicit :lookup:`exact` lookup if this is an issue. ``BooleanField`` no longer defaults to ``False`` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ When a :class:`~django.db.models.BooleanField` doesn't have an explicit :attr:`~django.db.models.Field.default`, the implicit default value is ``None``. In previous version of Django, it was ``False``, but that didn't represent accurately the lack of a value. Code that relies on the default value being ``False`` may raise an exception when saving new model instances to the database, because ``None`` isn't an acceptable value for a :class:`~django.db.models.BooleanField`. You should either specify ``default=False`` in the field definition, or ensure the field is set to ``True`` or ``False`` before saving the object. Translations and comments in templates ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Extraction of translations after comments ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Extraction of translatable literals from templates with the :djadmin:`makemessages` command now correctly detects i18n constructs when they are located after a ``{#`` / ``#}``-type comment on the same line. E.g.: .. code-block:: html+django {# A comment #}{% trans "This literal was incorrectly ignored. Not anymore" %} Location of translator comments ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Validation of the placement of :ref:`translator-comments-in-templates` specified using ``{#`` / ``#}`` is now stricter. All translator comments not located at the end of their respective lines in a template are ignored and a warning is generated by :djadmin:`makemessages` when it finds them. E.g.: .. code-block:: html+django {# Translators: This is ignored #}{% trans "Translate me" %} {{ title }}{# Translators: Extracted and associated with 'Welcome' below #}

{% trans "Welcome" %}

Quoting in :func:`~django.core.urlresolvers.reverse` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ When reversing URLs, Django didn't apply :func:`~django.utils.http.urlquote` to arguments before interpolating them in URL patterns. This bug is fixed in Django 1.6. If you worked around this bug by applying URL quoting before passing arguments to :func:`~django.core.urlresolvers.reverse`, this may result in double-quoting. If this happens, simply remove the URL quoting from your code. Storage of IP addresses in the comments app ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The :doc:`comments ` app now uses a ``GenericIPAddressField`` for storing commenters' IP addresses, to support comments submitted from IPv6 addresses. Until now, it stored them in an ``IPAddressField``, which is only meant to support IPv4. When saving a comment made from an IPv6 address, the address would be silently truncated on MySQL databases, and raise an exception on Oracle. You will need to change the column type in your database to benefit from this change. For MySQL, execute this query on your project's database: .. code-block:: sql ALTER TABLE django_comments MODIFY ip_address VARCHAR(39); For Oracle, execute this query: .. code-block:: sql ALTER TABLE DJANGO_COMMENTS MODIFY (ip_address VARCHAR2(39)); If you do not apply this change, the behaviour is unchanged: on MySQL, IPv6 addresses are silently truncated; on Oracle, an exception is generated. No database change is needed for SQLite or PostgreSQL databases. Percent literals in ``cursor.execute`` queries ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ When you are running raw SQL queries through the :ref:`cursor.execute ` method, the rule about doubling percent literals (``%``) inside the query has been unified. Past behavior depended on the database backend. Now, across all backends, you only need to double literal percent characters if you are also providing replacement parameters. For example:: # No parameters, no percent doubling cursor.execute("SELECT foo FROM bar WHERE baz = '30%'") # Parameters passed, non-placeholders have to be doubled cursor.execute("SELECT foo FROM bar WHERE baz = '30%%' and id = %s", [self.id]) ``SQLite`` users need to check and update such queries. Miscellaneous ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * The ``django.db.models.query.EmptyQuerySet`` can't be instantiated any more - it is only usable as a marker class for checking if :meth:`~django.db.models.query.QuerySet.none` has been called: ``isinstance(qs.none(), EmptyQuerySet)`` * If your CSS/Javascript code used to access HTML input widgets by type, you should review it as ``type='text'`` widgets might be now output as ``type='email'``, ``type='url'`` or ``type='number'`` depending on their corresponding field type. * Form field's :attr:`~django.forms.Field.error_messages` that contain a placeholder should now always use a named placeholder (``"Value '%(value)s' is too big"`` instead of ``"Value '%s' is too big"``). See the corresponding field documentation for details about the names of the placeholders. The changes in 1.6 particularly affect :class:`~django.forms.DecimalField` and :class:`~django.forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField`. * There have been changes in the way timeouts are handled in cache backends. Explicitly passing in ``timeout=None`` no longer results in using the default timeout. It will now set a non-expiring timeout. Passing 0 into the memcache backend no longer uses the default timeout, and now will set-and-expire-immediately the value. * The ``django.contrib.flatpages`` app used to set custom HTTP headers for debugging purposes. This functionality was not documented and made caching ineffective so it has been removed, along with its generic implementation, previously available in ``django.core.xheaders``. Features deprecated in 1.6 ========================== Transaction management APIs ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Transaction management was completely overhauled in Django 1.6, and the current APIs are deprecated: - ``django.middleware.transaction.TransactionMiddleware`` - ``django.db.transaction.autocommit`` - ``django.db.transaction.commit_on_success`` - ``django.db.transaction.commit_manually`` - the ``TRANSACTIONS_MANAGED`` setting The reasons for this change and the upgrade path are described in the :ref:`transactions documentation `. ``django.contrib.comments`` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Django's comment framework has been deprecated and is no longer supported. It will be available in Django 1.6 and 1.7, and removed in Django 1.8. Most users will be better served with a custom solution, or a hosted product like Disqus__. The code formerly known as ``django.contrib.comments`` is `still available in an external repository`__. __ https://disqus.com/ __ https://github.com/django/django-contrib-comments Support for PostgreSQL versions older than 8.4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The end of upstream support periods was reached in December 2011 for PostgreSQL 8.2 and in February 2013 for 8.3. As a consequence, Django 1.6 sets 8.4 as the minimum PostgreSQL version it officially supports. You're strongly encouraged to use the most recent version of PostgreSQL available, because of performance improvements and to take advantage of the native streaming replication available in PostgreSQL 9.x. Changes to :ttag:`cycle` and :ttag:`firstof` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The template system generally escapes all variables to avoid XSS attacks. However, due to an accident of history, the :ttag:`cycle` and :ttag:`firstof` tags render their arguments as-is. Django 1.6 starts a process to correct this inconsistency. The ``future`` template library provides alternate implementations of :ttag:`cycle` and :ttag:`firstof` that autoescape their inputs. If you're using these tags, you're encourage to include the following line at the top of your templates to enable the new behavior:: {% load cycle from future %} or:: {% load firstof from future %} The tags implementing the old behavior have been deprecated, and in Django 1.8, the old behavior will be replaced with the new behavior. To ensure compatibility with future versions of Django, existing templates should be modified to use the ``future`` versions. If necessary, you can temporarily disable auto-escaping with :func:`~django.utils.safestring.mark_safe` or :ttag:`{% autoescape off %} `. ``CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_ANONYMOUS_ONLY`` setting ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ``CacheMiddleware`` used to provide a way to cache requests only if they weren't made by a logged-in user. This mechanism was largely ineffective because the middleware correctly takes into account the ``Vary: Cookie`` HTTP header, and this header is being set on a variety of occasions, such as: * accessing the session, or * using CSRF protection, which is turned on by default, or * using a client-side library which sets cookies, like `Google Analytics`__. This makes the cache effectively work on a per-session basis regardless of the ``CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_ANONYMOUS_ONLY`` setting. __ http://www.google.com/analytics/ ``SEND_BROKEN_LINK_EMAILS`` setting ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :class:`~django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware` used to provide basic reporting of broken links by email when ``SEND_BROKEN_LINK_EMAILS`` is set to ``True``. Because of intractable ordering problems between :class:`~django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware` and :class:`~django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware`, this feature was split out into a new middleware: :class:`~django.middleware.common.BrokenLinkEmailsMiddleware`. If you're relying on this feature, you should add ``'django.middleware.common.BrokenLinkEmailsMiddleware'`` to your :setting:`MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES` setting and remove ``SEND_BROKEN_LINK_EMAILS`` from your settings. ``_has_changed`` method on widgets ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you defined your own form widgets and defined the ``_has_changed`` method on a widget, you should now define this method on the form field itself. ``module_name`` model meta attribute ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ``Model._meta.module_name`` was renamed to ``model_name``. Despite being a private API, it will go through a regular deprecation path. ``get_query_set`` and similar methods renamed to ``get_queryset`` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Methods that return a ``QuerySet`` such as ``Manager.get_query_set`` or ``ModelAdmin.queryset`` have been renamed to ``get_queryset``. ``shortcut`` view and URLconf ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The ``shortcut`` view was moved from ``django.views.defaults`` to ``django.contrib.contenttypes.views`` shortly after the 1.0 release, but the old location was never deprecated. This oversight was corrected in Django 1.6 and you should now use the new location. The URLconf ``django.conf.urls.shortcut`` was also deprecated. If you're including it in an URLconf, simply replace:: (r'^prefix/', include('django.conf.urls.shortcut')), with:: (r'^prefix/(?P\d+)/(?P.*)/$', 'django.contrib.contenttypes.views.shortcut'), ``ModelForm`` without ``fields`` or ``exclude`` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Previously, if you wanted a :class:`~django.forms.ModelForm` to use all fields on the model, you could simply omit the ``Meta.fields`` attribute, and all fields would be used. This can lead to security problems where fields are added to the model and, unintentionally, automatically become editable by end users. In some cases, particular with boolean fields, it is possible for this problem to be completely invisible. This is a form of `Mass assignment vulnerability `_. For this reason, this behaviour is deprecated, and using the ``Meta.exclude`` option is strongly discouraged. Instead, all fields that are intended for inclusion in the form should be listed explicitly in the ``fields`` attribute. If this security concern really does not apply in your case, there is a shortcut to explicitly indicate that all fields should be used - use the special value ``"__all__"`` for the fields attribute:: class MyModelForm(ModelForm): class Meta: fields = "__all__" model = MyModel If you have custom ``ModelForms`` that only need to be used in the admin, there is another option. The admin has its own methods for defining fields (``fieldsets`` etc.), and so adding a list of fields to the ``ModelForm`` is redundant. Instead, simply omit the ``Meta`` inner class of the ``ModelForm``, or omit the ``Meta.model`` attribute. Since the ``ModelAdmin`` subclass knows which model it is for, it can add the necessary attributes to derive a functioning ``ModelForm``. This behaviour also works for earlier Django versions. ``UpdateView`` and ``CreateView`` without explicit fields ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The generic views :class:`~django.views.generic.edit.CreateView` and :class:`~django.views.generic.edit.UpdateView`, and anything else derived from :class:`~django.views.generic.edit.ModelFormMixin`, are vulnerable to the security problem described in the section above, because they can automatically create a ``ModelForm`` that uses all fields for a model. For this reason, if you use these views for editing models, you must also supply the ``fields`` attribute, which is a list of model fields and works in the same way as the :class:`~django.forms.ModelForm` ``Meta.fields`` attribute. Alternatively, you can set set the ``form_class`` attribute to a ``ModelForm`` that explicitly defines the fields to be used. Defining an ``UpdateView`` or ``CreateView`` subclass to be used with a model but without an explicit list of fields is deprecated.