""" SQLite3 backend for django. Works with either the pysqlite2 module or the sqlite3 module in the standard library. """ import datetime import decimal import warnings import re import sys from django.db import utils from django.db.backends import * from django.db.backends.signals import connection_created from django.db.backends.sqlite3.client import DatabaseClient from django.db.backends.sqlite3.creation import DatabaseCreation from django.db.backends.sqlite3.introspection import DatabaseIntrospection from django.utils.dateparse import parse_date, parse_datetime, parse_time from django.utils.safestring import SafeString from django.utils.timezone import is_aware, is_naive, utc try: try: from pysqlite2 import dbapi2 as Database except ImportError, e1: from sqlite3 import dbapi2 as Database except ImportError, exc: from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading either pysqlite2 or sqlite3 modules (tried in that order): %s" % exc) DatabaseError = Database.DatabaseError IntegrityError = Database.IntegrityError def parse_datetime_with_timezone_support(value): dt = parse_datetime(value) # Confirm that dt is naive before overwriting its tzinfo. if dt is not None and settings.USE_TZ and is_naive(dt): dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=utc) return dt Database.register_converter("bool", lambda s: str(s) == '1') Database.register_converter("time", parse_time) Database.register_converter("date", parse_date) Database.register_converter("datetime", parse_datetime_with_timezone_support) Database.register_converter("timestamp", parse_datetime_with_timezone_support) Database.register_converter("TIMESTAMP", parse_datetime_with_timezone_support) Database.register_converter("decimal", util.typecast_decimal) Database.register_adapter(decimal.Decimal, util.rev_typecast_decimal) if Database.version_info >= (2, 4, 1): # Starting in 2.4.1, the str type is not accepted anymore, therefore, # we convert all str objects to Unicode # As registering a adapter for a primitive type causes a small # slow-down, this adapter is only registered for sqlite3 versions # needing it. Database.register_adapter(str, lambda s: s.decode('utf-8')) Database.register_adapter(SafeString, lambda s: s.decode('utf-8')) class DatabaseFeatures(BaseDatabaseFeatures): # SQLite cannot handle us only partially reading from a cursor's result set # and then writing the same rows to the database in another cursor. This # setting ensures we always read result sets fully into memory all in one # go. can_use_chunked_reads = False test_db_allows_multiple_connections = False supports_unspecified_pk = True supports_timezones = False supports_1000_query_parameters = False supports_mixed_date_datetime_comparisons = False has_bulk_insert = True can_combine_inserts_with_and_without_auto_increment_pk = True def _supports_stddev(self): """Confirm support for STDDEV and related stats functions SQLite supports STDDEV as an extension package; so connection.ops.check_aggregate_support() can't unilaterally rule out support for STDDEV. We need to manually check whether the call works. """ cursor = self.connection.cursor() cursor.execute('CREATE TABLE STDDEV_TEST (X INT)') try: cursor.execute('SELECT STDDEV(*) FROM STDDEV_TEST') has_support = True except utils.DatabaseError: has_support = False cursor.execute('DROP TABLE STDDEV_TEST') return has_support class DatabaseOperations(BaseDatabaseOperations): def date_extract_sql(self, lookup_type, field_name): # sqlite doesn't support extract, so we fake it with the user-defined # function django_extract that's registered in connect(). Note that # single quotes are used because this is a string (and could otherwise # cause a collision with a field name). return "django_extract('%s', %s)" % (lookup_type.lower(), field_name) def date_interval_sql(self, sql, connector, timedelta): # It would be more straightforward if we could use the sqlite strftime # function, but it does not allow for keeping six digits of fractional # second information, nor does it allow for formatting date and datetime # values differently. So instead we register our own function that # formats the datetime combined with the delta in a manner suitable # for comparisons. return u'django_format_dtdelta(%s, "%s", "%d", "%d", "%d")' % (sql, connector, timedelta.days, timedelta.seconds, timedelta.microseconds) def date_trunc_sql(self, lookup_type, field_name): # sqlite doesn't support DATE_TRUNC, so we fake it with a user-defined # function django_date_trunc that's registered in connect(). Note that # single quotes are used because this is a string (and could otherwise # cause a collision with a field name). return "django_date_trunc('%s', %s)" % (lookup_type.lower(), field_name) def drop_foreignkey_sql(self): return "" def pk_default_value(self): return "NULL" def quote_name(self, name): if name.startswith('"') and name.endswith('"'): return name # Quoting once is enough. return '"%s"' % name def no_limit_value(self): return -1 def sql_flush(self, style, tables, sequences): # NB: The generated SQL below is specific to SQLite # Note: The DELETE FROM... SQL generated below works for SQLite databases # because constraints don't exist sql = ['%s %s %s;' % \ (style.SQL_KEYWORD('DELETE'), style.SQL_KEYWORD('FROM'), style.SQL_FIELD(self.quote_name(table)) ) for table in tables] # Note: No requirement for reset of auto-incremented indices (cf. other # sql_flush() implementations). Just return SQL at this point return sql def value_to_db_datetime(self, value): if value is None: return None # SQLite doesn't support tz-aware datetimes if is_aware(value): if settings.USE_TZ: value = value.astimezone(utc).replace(tzinfo=None) else: raise ValueError("SQLite backend does not support timezone-aware datetimes when USE_TZ is False.") return unicode(value) def value_to_db_time(self, value): if value is None: return None # SQLite doesn't support tz-aware datetimes if is_aware(value): raise ValueError("SQLite backend does not support timezone-aware times.") return unicode(value) def year_lookup_bounds(self, value): first = '%s-01-01' second = '%s-12-31 23:59:59.999999' return [first % value, second % value] def convert_values(self, value, field): """SQLite returns floats when it should be returning decimals, and gets dates and datetimes wrong. For consistency with other backends, coerce when required. """ internal_type = field.get_internal_type() if internal_type == 'DecimalField': return util.typecast_decimal(field.format_number(value)) elif internal_type and internal_type.endswith('IntegerField') or internal_type == 'AutoField': return int(value) elif internal_type == 'DateField': return parse_date(value) elif internal_type == 'DateTimeField': return parse_datetime_with_timezone_support(value) elif internal_type == 'TimeField': return parse_time(value) # No field, or the field isn't known to be a decimal or integer return value def bulk_insert_sql(self, fields, num_values): res = [] res.append("SELECT %s" % ", ".join( "%%s AS %s" % self.quote_name(f.column) for f in fields )) res.extend(["UNION SELECT %s" % ", ".join(["%s"] * len(fields))] * (num_values - 1)) return " ".join(res) class DatabaseWrapper(BaseDatabaseWrapper): vendor = 'sqlite' # SQLite requires LIKE statements to include an ESCAPE clause if the value # being escaped has a percent or underscore in it. # See http://www.sqlite.org/lang_expr.html for an explanation. operators = { 'exact': '= %s', 'iexact': "LIKE %s ESCAPE '\\'", 'contains': "LIKE %s ESCAPE '\\'", 'icontains': "LIKE %s ESCAPE '\\'", 'regex': 'REGEXP %s', 'iregex': "REGEXP '(?i)' || %s", 'gt': '> %s', 'gte': '>= %s', 'lt': '< %s', 'lte': '<= %s', 'startswith': "LIKE %s ESCAPE '\\'", 'endswith': "LIKE %s ESCAPE '\\'", 'istartswith': "LIKE %s ESCAPE '\\'", 'iendswith': "LIKE %s ESCAPE '\\'", } def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(DatabaseWrapper, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.features = DatabaseFeatures(self) self.ops = DatabaseOperations(self) self.client = DatabaseClient(self) self.creation = DatabaseCreation(self) self.introspection = DatabaseIntrospection(self) self.validation = BaseDatabaseValidation(self) def _cursor(self): if self.connection is None: settings_dict = self.settings_dict if not settings_dict['NAME']: from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured raise ImproperlyConfigured("Please fill out the database NAME in the settings module before using the database.") kwargs = { 'database': settings_dict['NAME'], 'detect_types': Database.PARSE_DECLTYPES | Database.PARSE_COLNAMES, } kwargs.update(settings_dict['OPTIONS']) # Always allow the underlying SQLite connection to be shareable # between multiple threads. The safe-guarding will be handled at a # higher level by the `BaseDatabaseWrapper.allow_thread_sharing` # property. This is necessary as the shareability is disabled by # default in pysqlite and it cannot be changed once a connection is # opened. if 'check_same_thread' in kwargs and kwargs['check_same_thread']: warnings.warn( 'The `check_same_thread` option was provided and set to ' 'True. It will be overriden with False. Use the ' '`DatabaseWrapper.allow_thread_sharing` property instead ' 'for controlling thread shareability.', RuntimeWarning ) kwargs.update({'check_same_thread': False}) self.connection = Database.connect(**kwargs) # Register extract, date_trunc, and regexp functions. self.connection.create_function("django_extract", 2, _sqlite_extract) self.connection.create_function("django_date_trunc", 2, _sqlite_date_trunc) self.connection.create_function("regexp", 2, _sqlite_regexp) self.connection.create_function("django_format_dtdelta", 5, _sqlite_format_dtdelta) connection_created.send(sender=self.__class__, connection=self) return self.connection.cursor(factory=SQLiteCursorWrapper) def check_constraints(self, table_names=None): """ Checks each table name in `table_names` for rows with invalid foreign key references. This method is intended to be used in conjunction with `disable_constraint_checking()` and `enable_constraint_checking()`, to determine if rows with invalid references were entered while constraint checks were off. Raises an IntegrityError on the first invalid foreign key reference encountered (if any) and provides detailed information about the invalid reference in the error message. Backends can override this method if they can more directly apply constraint checking (e.g. via "SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE") """ cursor = self.cursor() if table_names is None: table_names = self.introspection.get_table_list(cursor) for table_name in table_names: primary_key_column_name = self.introspection.get_primary_key_column(cursor, table_name) if not primary_key_column_name: continue key_columns = self.introspection.get_key_columns(cursor, table_name) for column_name, referenced_table_name, referenced_column_name in key_columns: cursor.execute(""" SELECT REFERRING.`%s`, REFERRING.`%s` FROM `%s` as REFERRING LEFT JOIN `%s` as REFERRED ON (REFERRING.`%s` = REFERRED.`%s`) WHERE REFERRING.`%s` IS NOT NULL AND REFERRED.`%s` IS NULL""" % (primary_key_column_name, column_name, table_name, referenced_table_name, column_name, referenced_column_name, column_name, referenced_column_name)) for bad_row in cursor.fetchall(): raise utils.IntegrityError("The row in table '%s' with primary key '%s' has an invalid " "foreign key: %s.%s contains a value '%s' that does not have a corresponding value in %s.%s." % (table_name, bad_row[0], table_name, column_name, bad_row[1], referenced_table_name, referenced_column_name)) def close(self): self.validate_thread_sharing() # If database is in memory, closing the connection destroys the # database. To prevent accidental data loss, ignore close requests on # an in-memory db. if self.settings_dict['NAME'] != ":memory:": BaseDatabaseWrapper.close(self) FORMAT_QMARK_REGEX = re.compile(r'(?