import sys from cStringIO import StringIO from urlparse import urlparse from django.conf import settings from django.core.handlers.base import BaseHandler from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest from django.core.signals import got_request_exception from django.dispatch import dispatcher from django.http import urlencode, SimpleCookie from django.test import signals from django.utils.functional import curry BOUNDARY = 'BoUnDaRyStRiNg' MULTIPART_CONTENT = 'multipart/form-data; boundary=%s' % BOUNDARY class ClientHandler(BaseHandler): """ A HTTP Handler that can be used for testing purposes. Uses the WSGI interface to compose requests, but returns the raw HttpResponse object """ def __call__(self, environ): from django.conf import settings from django.core import signals # Set up middleware if needed. We couldn't do this earlier, because # settings weren't available. if self._request_middleware is None: self.load_middleware() dispatcher.send(signal=signals.request_started) try: request = WSGIRequest(environ) response = self.get_response(request) # Apply response middleware for middleware_method in self._response_middleware: response = middleware_method(request, response) finally: dispatcher.send(signal=signals.request_finished) return response def store_rendered_templates(store, signal, sender, template, context): "A utility function for storing templates and contexts that are rendered" store.setdefault('template',[]).append(template) store.setdefault('context',[]).append(context) def encode_multipart(boundary, data): """ A simple method for encoding multipart POST data from a dictionary of form values. The key will be used as the form data name; the value will be transmitted as content. If the value is a file, the contents of the file will be sent as an application/octet-stream; otherwise, str(value) will be sent. """ lines = [] for (key, value) in data.items(): if isinstance(value, file): lines.extend([ '--' + boundary, 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % key, '', '--' + boundary, 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s_file"; filename="%s"' % (key, value.name), 'Content-Type: application/octet-stream', '', value.read() ]) elif hasattr(value, '__iter__'): for item in value: lines.extend([ '--' + boundary, 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % key, '', str(item) ]) else: lines.extend([ '--' + boundary, 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % key, '', str(value) ]) lines.extend([ '--' + boundary + '--', '', ]) return '\r\n'.join(lines) class Client: """ A class that can act as a client for testing purposes. It allows the user to compose GET and POST requests, and obtain the response that the server gave to those requests. The server Response objects are annotated with the details of the contexts and templates that were rendered during the process of serving the request. Client objects are stateful - they will retain cookie (and thus session) details for the lifetime of the Client instance. This is not intended as a replacement for Twill/Selenium or the like - it is here to allow testing against the contexts and templates produced by a view, rather than the HTML rendered to the end-user. """ def __init__(self, **defaults): self.handler = ClientHandler() self.defaults = defaults self.cookies = SimpleCookie() self.session = {} self.exc_info = None def store_exc_info(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Utility method that can be used to store exceptions when they are generated by a view. """ self.exc_info = sys.exc_info() def request(self, **request): """ The master request method. Composes the environment dictionary and passes to the handler, returning the result of the handler. Assumes defaults for the query environment, which can be overridden using the arguments to the request. """ environ = { 'HTTP_COOKIE': self.cookies, 'PATH_INFO': '/', 'QUERY_STRING': '', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET', 'SCRIPT_NAME': None, 'SERVER_NAME': 'testserver', 'SERVER_PORT': 80, 'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1', } environ.update(self.defaults) environ.update(request) # Curry a data dictionary into an instance of # the template renderer callback function data = {} on_template_render = curry(store_rendered_templates, data) dispatcher.connect(on_template_render, signal=signals.template_rendered) # Capture exceptions created by the handler dispatcher.connect(self.store_exc_info, signal=got_request_exception) response = self.handler(environ) # Add any rendered template detail to the response # If there was only one template rendered (the most likely case), # flatten the list to a single element for detail in ('template', 'context'): if data.get(detail): if len(data[detail]) == 1: setattr(response, detail, data[detail][0]); else: setattr(response, detail, data[detail]) else: setattr(response, detail, None) # Look for a signalled exception and reraise it if self.exc_info: raise self.exc_info[1], None, self.exc_info[2] # Update persistent cookie and session data if response.cookies: self.cookies.update(response.cookies) if 'django.contrib.sessions' in settings.INSTALLED_APPS: from django.contrib.sessions.middleware import SessionWrapper cookie = self.cookies.get(settings.SESSION_COOKIE_NAME, None) if cookie: self.session = SessionWrapper(cookie.value) return response def get(self, path, data={}, **extra): "Request a response from the server using GET." r = { 'CONTENT_LENGTH': None, 'CONTENT_TYPE': 'text/html; charset=utf-8', 'PATH_INFO': path, 'QUERY_STRING': urlencode(data), 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET', } r.update(extra) return self.request(**r) def post(self, path, data={}, content_type=MULTIPART_CONTENT, **extra): "Request a response from the server using POST." if content_type is MULTIPART_CONTENT: post_data = encode_multipart(BOUNDARY, data) else: post_data = data r = { 'CONTENT_LENGTH': len(post_data), 'CONTENT_TYPE': content_type, 'PATH_INFO': path, 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST', 'wsgi.input': StringIO(post_data), } r.update(extra) return self.request(**r) def login(self, path, username, password, **extra): """ A specialized sequence of GET and POST to log into a view that is protected by a @login_required access decorator. path should be the URL of the page that is login protected. Returns the response from GETting the requested URL after login is complete. Returns False if login process failed. """ # First, GET the page that is login protected. # This page will redirect to the login page. response = self.get(path) if response.status_code != 302: return False _, _, login_path, _, data, _= urlparse(response['Location']) next = data.split('=')[1] # Second, GET the login page; required to set up cookies response = self.get(login_path, **extra) if response.status_code != 200: return False # Last, POST the login data. form_data = { 'username': username, 'password': password, 'next' : next, } response = self.post(login_path, data=form_data, **extra) # Login page should 302 redirect to the originally requested page if (response.status_code != 302 or urlparse(response['Location'])[2] != path): return False # Since we are logged in, request the actual page again return self.get(path)