import warnings from collections import OrderedDict from optparse import make_option from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError from django.core import serializers from django.db import router, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS class Command(BaseCommand): option_list = BaseCommand.option_list + ( make_option('--format', default='json', dest='format', help='Specifies the output serialization format for fixtures.'), make_option('--indent', default=None, dest='indent', type='int', help='Specifies the indent level to use when pretty-printing output'), make_option('--database', action='store', dest='database', default=DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, help='Nominates a specific database to dump ' 'fixtures from. Defaults to the "default" database.'), make_option('-e', '--exclude', dest='exclude', action='append', default=[], help='An appname or appname.ModelName to exclude (use multiple --exclude to exclude multiple apps/models).'), make_option('-n', '--natural', action='store_true', dest='use_natural_keys', default=False, help='Use natural keys if they are available.'), make_option('--natural-foreign', action='store_true', dest='use_natural_foreign_keys', default=False, help='Use natural foreign keys if they are available.'), make_option('--natural-primary', action='store_true', dest='use_natural_primary_keys', default=False, help='Use natural primary keys if they are available.'), make_option('-a', '--all', action='store_true', dest='use_base_manager', default=False, help="Use Django's base manager to dump all models stored in the database, including those that would otherwise be filtered or modified by a custom manager."), make_option('--pks', dest='primary_keys', help="Only dump objects with " "given primary keys. Accepts a comma separated list of keys. " "This option will only work when you specify one model."), ) help = ("Output the contents of the database as a fixture of the given " "format (using each model's default manager unless --all is " "specified).") args = '[appname appname.ModelName ...]' def handle(self, *app_labels, **options): from django.db.models import get_app, get_apps, get_model format = options.get('format') indent = options.get('indent') using = options.get('database') excludes = options.get('exclude') show_traceback = options.get('traceback') use_natural_keys = options.get('use_natural_keys') if use_natural_keys: warnings.warn("``--natural`` is deprecated; use ``--natural-foreign`` instead.", PendingDeprecationWarning) use_natural_foreign_keys = options.get('use_natural_foreign_keys') or use_natural_keys use_natural_primary_keys = options.get('use_natural_primary_keys') use_base_manager = options.get('use_base_manager') pks = options.get('primary_keys') if pks: primary_keys = pks.split(',') else: primary_keys = [] excluded_apps = set() excluded_models = set() for exclude in excludes: if '.' in exclude: app_label, model_name = exclude.split('.', 1) model_obj = get_model(app_label, model_name) if not model_obj: raise CommandError('Unknown model in excludes: %s' % exclude) excluded_models.add(model_obj) else: try: app_obj = get_app(exclude) excluded_apps.add(app_obj) except ImproperlyConfigured: raise CommandError('Unknown app in excludes: %s' % exclude) if len(app_labels) == 0: if primary_keys: raise CommandError("You can only use --pks option with one model") app_list = OrderedDict((app, None) for app in get_apps() if app not in excluded_apps) else: if len(app_labels) > 1 and primary_keys: raise CommandError("You can only use --pks option with one model") app_list = OrderedDict() for label in app_labels: try: app_label, model_label = label.split('.') try: app = get_app(app_label) except ImproperlyConfigured: raise CommandError("Unknown application: %s" % app_label) if app in excluded_apps: continue model = get_model(app_label, model_label) if model is None: raise CommandError("Unknown model: %s.%s" % (app_label, model_label)) if app in app_list.keys(): if app_list[app] and model not in app_list[app]: app_list[app].append(model) else: app_list[app] = [model] except ValueError: if primary_keys: raise CommandError("You can only use --pks option with one model") # This is just an app - no model qualifier app_label = label try: app = get_app(app_label) except ImproperlyConfigured: raise CommandError("Unknown application: %s" % app_label) if app in excluded_apps: continue app_list[app] = None # Check that the serialization format exists; this is a shortcut to # avoid collating all the objects and _then_ failing. if format not in serializers.get_public_serializer_formats(): try: serializers.get_serializer(format) except serializers.SerializerDoesNotExist: pass raise CommandError("Unknown serialization format: %s" % format) def get_objects(): # Collate the objects to be serialized. for model in sort_dependencies(app_list.items()): if model in excluded_models: continue if not model._meta.proxy and router.allow_migrate(using, model): if use_base_manager: objects = model._base_manager else: objects = model._default_manager queryset = objects.using(using).order_by(model._meta.pk.name) if primary_keys: queryset = queryset.filter(pk__in=primary_keys) for obj in queryset.iterator(): yield obj try: self.stdout.ending = None serializers.serialize(format, get_objects(), indent=indent, use_natural_foreign_keys=use_natural_foreign_keys, use_natural_primary_keys=use_natural_primary_keys, stream=self.stdout) except Exception as e: if show_traceback: raise raise CommandError("Unable to serialize database: %s" % e) def sort_dependencies(app_list): """Sort a list of app,modellist pairs into a single list of models. The single list of models is sorted so that any model with a natural key is serialized before a normal model, and any model with a natural key dependency has it's dependencies serialized first. """ from django.db.models import get_model, get_models # Process the list of models, and get the list of dependencies model_dependencies = [] models = set() for app, model_list in app_list: if model_list is None: model_list = get_models(app) for model in model_list: models.add(model) # Add any explicitly defined dependencies if hasattr(model, 'natural_key'): deps = getattr(model.natural_key, 'dependencies', []) if deps: deps = [get_model(*d.split('.')) for d in deps] else: deps = [] # Now add a dependency for any FK or M2M relation with # a model that defines a natural key for field in model._meta.fields: if hasattr(field.rel, 'to'): rel_model = field.rel.to if hasattr(rel_model, 'natural_key') and rel_model != model: deps.append(rel_model) for field in model._meta.many_to_many: rel_model = field.rel.to if hasattr(rel_model, 'natural_key') and rel_model != model: deps.append(rel_model) model_dependencies.append((model, deps)) model_dependencies.reverse() # Now sort the models to ensure that dependencies are met. This # is done by repeatedly iterating over the input list of models. # If all the dependencies of a given model are in the final list, # that model is promoted to the end of the final list. This process # continues until the input list is empty, or we do a full iteration # over the input models without promoting a model to the final list. # If we do a full iteration without a promotion, that means there are # circular dependencies in the list. model_list = [] while model_dependencies: skipped = [] changed = False while model_dependencies: model, deps = model_dependencies.pop() # If all of the models in the dependency list are either already # on the final model list, or not on the original serialization list, # then we've found another model with all it's dependencies satisfied. found = True for candidate in ((d not in models or d in model_list) for d in deps): if not candidate: found = False if found: model_list.append(model) changed = True else: skipped.append((model, deps)) if not changed: raise CommandError("Can't resolve dependencies for %s in serialized app list." % ', '.join('%s.%s' % (model._meta.app_label, model._meta.object_name) for model, deps in sorted(skipped, key=lambda obj: obj[0].__name__)) ) model_dependencies = skipped return model_list