236 lines
10 KiB
Python
236 lines
10 KiB
Python
"""
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FormWizard class -- implements a multi-page form, validating between each
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step and storing the form's state as HTML hidden fields so that no state is
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stored on the server side.
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"""
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from django import newforms as forms
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from django.conf import settings
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from django.http import Http404
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from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
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from django.template.context import RequestContext
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import cPickle as pickle
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import md5
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class FormWizard(object):
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# Dictionary of extra template context variables.
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extra_context = {}
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# The HTML (and POST data) field name for the "step" variable.
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step_field_name="wizard_step"
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# METHODS SUBCLASSES SHOULDN'T OVERRIDE ###################################
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def __init__(self, form_list, initial=None):
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"form_list should be a list of Form classes (not instances)."
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self.form_list = form_list[:]
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self.initial = initial or {}
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self.step = 0 # A zero-based counter keeping track of which step we're in.
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def __repr__(self):
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return "step: %d\nform_list: %s\ninitial_data: %s" % (self.step, self.form_list, self.initial)
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def get_form(self, step, data=None):
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"Helper method that returns the Form instance for the given step."
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return self.form_list[step](data, prefix=self.prefix_for_step(step), initial=self.initial.get(step, None))
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def num_steps(self):
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"Helper method that returns the number of steps."
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# You might think we should just set "self.form_list = len(form_list)"
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# in __init__(), but this calculation needs to be dynamic, because some
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# hook methods might alter self.form_list.
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return len(self.form_list)
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def __call__(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
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"""
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Main method that does all the hard work, conforming to the Django view
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interface.
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"""
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if 'extra_context' in kwargs:
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self.extra_context.update(kwargs['extra_context'])
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current_step = self.determine_step(request, *args, **kwargs)
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# Sanity check.
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if current_step >= self.num_steps():
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raise Http404('Step %s does not exist' % current_step)
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# For each previous step, verify the hash and process.
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# TODO: Move "hash_%d" to a method to make it configurable.
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for i in range(current_step):
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form = self.get_form(i, request.POST)
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if request.POST.get("hash_%d" % i, '') != self.security_hash(request, form):
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return self.render_hash_failure(request, i)
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self.process_step(request, form, i)
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# Process the current step. If it's valid, go to the next step or call
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# done(), depending on whether any steps remain.
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if request.method == 'POST':
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form = self.get_form(current_step, request.POST)
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else:
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form = self.get_form(current_step)
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if form.is_valid():
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self.process_step(request, form, current_step)
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next_step = current_step + 1
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# If this was the last step, validate all of the forms one more
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# time, as a sanity check, and call done().
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num = self.num_steps()
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if next_step == num:
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final_form_list = [self.get_form(i, request.POST) for i in range(num)]
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# Validate all the forms. If any of them fail validation, that
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# must mean the validator relied on some other input, such as
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# an external Web site.
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for i, f in enumerate(final_form_list):
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if not f.is_valid():
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return self.render_revalidation_failure(request, i, f)
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return self.done(request, final_form_list)
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# Otherwise, move along to the next step.
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else:
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form = self.get_form(next_step)
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current_step = next_step
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return self.render(form, request, current_step)
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def render(self, form, request, step, context=None):
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"Renders the given Form object, returning an HttpResponse."
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old_data = request.POST
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prev_fields = []
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if old_data:
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hidden = forms.HiddenInput()
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# Collect all data from previous steps and render it as HTML hidden fields.
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for i in range(step):
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old_form = self.get_form(i, old_data)
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hash_name = 'hash_%s' % i
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prev_fields.extend([bf.as_hidden() for bf in old_form])
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prev_fields.append(hidden.render(hash_name, old_data.get(hash_name, self.security_hash(request, old_form))))
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return self.render_template(request, form, ''.join(prev_fields), step, context)
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# METHODS SUBCLASSES MIGHT OVERRIDE IF APPROPRIATE ########################
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def prefix_for_step(self, step):
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"Given the step, returns a Form prefix to use."
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return str(step)
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def render_hash_failure(self, request, step):
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"""
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Hook for rendering a template if a hash check failed.
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step is the step that failed. Any previous step is guaranteed to be
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valid.
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This default implementation simply renders the form for the given step,
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but subclasses may want to display an error message, etc.
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"""
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return self.render(self.get_form(step), request, step, context={'wizard_error': 'We apologize, but your form has expired. Please continue filling out the form from this page.'})
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def render_revalidation_failure(self, request, step, form):
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"""
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Hook for rendering a template if final revalidation failed.
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It is highly unlikely that this point would ever be reached, but See
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the comment in __call__() for an explanation.
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"""
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return self.render(form, request, step)
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def security_hash(self, request, form):
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"""
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Calculates the security hash for the given HttpRequest and Form instances.
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This creates a list of the form field names/values in a deterministic
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order, pickles the result with the SECRET_KEY setting and takes an md5
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hash of that.
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Subclasses may want to take into account request-specific information,
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such as the IP address.
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"""
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data = [(bf.name, bf.data) for bf in form] + [settings.SECRET_KEY]
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# Use HIGHEST_PROTOCOL because it's the most efficient. It requires
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# Python 2.3, but Django requires 2.3 anyway, so that's OK.
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pickled = pickle.dumps(data, protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
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return md5.new(pickled).hexdigest()
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def determine_step(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
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"""
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Given the request object and whatever *args and **kwargs were passed to
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__call__(), returns the current step (which is zero-based).
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Note that the result should not be trusted. It may even be a completely
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invalid number. It's not the job of this method to validate it.
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"""
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if not request.POST:
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return 0
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try:
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step = int(request.POST.get(self.step_field_name, 0))
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except ValueError:
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return 0
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return step
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def get_template(self, step):
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"""
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Hook for specifying the name of the template to use for a given step.
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Note that this can return a tuple of template names if you'd like to
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use the template system's select_template() hook.
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"""
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return 'forms/wizard.html'
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def render_template(self, request, form, previous_fields, step, context=None):
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"""
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Renders the template for the given step, returning an HttpResponse object.
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Override this method if you want to add a custom context, return a
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different MIME type, etc. If you only need to override the template
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name, use get_template() instead.
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The template will be rendered with the following context:
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step_field -- The name of the hidden field containing the step.
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step0 -- The current step (zero-based).
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step -- The current step (one-based).
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form -- The Form instance for the current step (either empty
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or with errors).
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previous_fields -- A string representing every previous data field,
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plus hashes for completed forms, all in the form of
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hidden fields. Note that you'll need to run this
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through the "safe" template filter, to prevent
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auto-escaping, because it's raw HTML.
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"""
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context = context or {}
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context.update(self.extra_context)
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return render_to_response(self.get_template(self.step), dict(context,
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step_field=self.step_field_name,
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step0=step,
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step=step + 1,
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step_count=self.num_steps(),
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form=form,
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previous_fields=previous_fields
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), context_instance=RequestContext(request))
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def process_step(self, request, form, step):
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"""
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Hook for modifying the FormWizard's internal state, given a fully
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validated Form object. The Form is guaranteed to have clean, valid
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data.
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This method should *not* modify any of that data. Rather, it might want
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to set self.extra_context or dynamically alter self.form_list, based on
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previously submitted forms.
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Note that this method is called every time a page is rendered for *all*
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submitted steps.
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"""
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pass
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# METHODS SUBCLASSES MUST OVERRIDE ########################################
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def done(self, request, form_list):
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"""
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Hook for doing something with the validated data. This is responsible
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for the final processing.
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form_list is a list of Form instances, each containing clean, valid
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data.
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"""
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raise NotImplementedError("Your %s class has not defined a done() method, which is required." % self.__class__.__name__)
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