django1/django/utils/crypto.py

167 lines
5.6 KiB
Python

"""
Django's standard crypto functions and utilities.
"""
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import hmac
import struct
import hashlib
import binascii
import operator
import time
from functools import reduce
# Use the system PRNG if possible
import random
try:
random = random.SystemRandom()
using_sysrandom = True
except NotImplementedError:
import warnings
warnings.warn('A secure pseudo-random number generator is not available '
'on your system. Falling back to Mersenne Twister.')
using_sysrandom = False
from django.conf import settings
from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes
from django.utils import six
from django.utils.six.moves import xrange
def salted_hmac(key_salt, value, secret=None):
"""
Returns the HMAC-SHA1 of 'value', using a key generated from key_salt and a
secret (which defaults to settings.SECRET_KEY).
A different key_salt should be passed in for every application of HMAC.
"""
if secret is None:
secret = settings.SECRET_KEY
# We need to generate a derived key from our base key. We can do this by
# passing the key_salt and our base key through a pseudo-random function and
# SHA1 works nicely.
key = hashlib.sha1((key_salt + secret).encode('utf-8')).digest()
# If len(key_salt + secret) > sha_constructor().block_size, the above
# line is redundant and could be replaced by key = key_salt + secret, since
# the hmac module does the same thing for keys longer than the block size.
# However, we need to ensure that we *always* do this.
return hmac.new(key, msg=force_bytes(value), digestmod=hashlib.sha1)
def get_random_string(length=12,
allowed_chars='abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'):
"""
Returns a securely generated random string.
The default length of 12 with the a-z, A-Z, 0-9 character set returns
a 71-bit value. log_2((26+26+10)^12) =~ 71 bits
"""
if not using_sysrandom:
# This is ugly, and a hack, but it makes things better than
# the alternative of predictability. This re-seeds the PRNG
# using a value that is hard for an attacker to predict, every
# time a random string is required. This may change the
# properties of the chosen random sequence slightly, but this
# is better than absolute predictability.
random.seed(
hashlib.sha256(
("%s%s%s" % (
random.getstate(),
time.time(),
settings.SECRET_KEY)).encode('utf-8')
).digest())
return ''.join(random.choice(allowed_chars) for i in range(length))
def constant_time_compare(val1, val2):
"""
Returns True if the two strings are equal, False otherwise.
The time taken is independent of the number of characters that match.
For the sake of simplicity, this function executes in constant time only
when the two strings have the same length. It short-circuits when they
have different lengths. Since Django only uses it to compare hashes of
known expected length, this is acceptable.
"""
if len(val1) != len(val2):
return False
result = 0
if six.PY3 and isinstance(val1, bytes) and isinstance(val2, bytes):
for x, y in zip(val1, val2):
result |= x ^ y
else:
for x, y in zip(val1, val2):
result |= ord(x) ^ ord(y)
return result == 0
def _bin_to_long(x):
"""
Convert a binary string into a long integer
This is a clever optimization for fast xor vector math
"""
return int(binascii.hexlify(x), 16)
def _long_to_bin(x, hex_format_string):
"""
Convert a long integer into a binary string.
hex_format_string is like "%020x" for padding 10 characters.
"""
return binascii.unhexlify((hex_format_string % x).encode('ascii'))
def pbkdf2(password, salt, iterations, dklen=0, digest=None):
"""
Implements PBKDF2 as defined in RFC 2898, section 5.2
HMAC+SHA256 is used as the default pseudo random function.
As of 2011, 10,000 iterations was the recommended default which
took 100ms on a 2.2Ghz Core 2 Duo. This is probably the bare
minimum for security given 1000 iterations was recommended in
2001. This code is very well optimized for CPython and is only
four times slower than openssl's implementation. Look in
django.contrib.auth.hashers for the present default.
"""
assert iterations > 0
if not digest:
digest = hashlib.sha256
password = force_bytes(password)
salt = force_bytes(salt)
hlen = digest().digest_size
if not dklen:
dklen = hlen
if dklen > (2 ** 32 - 1) * hlen:
raise OverflowError('dklen too big')
l = -(-dklen // hlen)
r = dklen - (l - 1) * hlen
hex_format_string = "%%0%ix" % (hlen * 2)
inner, outer = digest(), digest()
if len(password) > inner.block_size:
password = digest(password).digest()
password += b'\x00' * (inner.block_size - len(password))
inner.update(password.translate(hmac.trans_36))
outer.update(password.translate(hmac.trans_5C))
def F(i):
def U():
u = salt + struct.pack(b'>I', i)
for j in xrange(int(iterations)):
dig1, dig2 = inner.copy(), outer.copy()
dig1.update(u)
dig2.update(dig1.digest())
u = dig2.digest()
yield _bin_to_long(u)
return _long_to_bin(reduce(operator.xor, U()), hex_format_string)
T = [F(x) for x in range(1, l + 1)]
return b''.join(T[:-1]) + T[-1][:r]