223 lines
7.6 KiB
Python
223 lines
7.6 KiB
Python
"""
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Classes that represent database functions.
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"""
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from django.db.models import Func, Transform, Value, fields
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class Cast(Func):
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"""Coerce an expression to a new field type."""
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function = 'CAST'
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template = '%(function)s(%(expressions)s AS %(db_type)s)'
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def __init__(self, expression, output_field):
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super().__init__(expression, output_field=output_field)
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def as_sql(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
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extra_context['db_type'] = self.output_field.cast_db_type(connection)
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return super().as_sql(compiler, connection, **extra_context)
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def as_postgresql(self, compiler, connection):
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# CAST would be valid too, but the :: shortcut syntax is more readable.
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return self.as_sql(compiler, connection, template='%(expressions)s::%(db_type)s')
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class Coalesce(Func):
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"""Return, from left to right, the first non-null expression."""
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function = 'COALESCE'
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def __init__(self, *expressions, **extra):
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if len(expressions) < 2:
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raise ValueError('Coalesce must take at least two expressions')
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super().__init__(*expressions, **extra)
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def as_oracle(self, compiler, connection):
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# we can't mix TextField (NCLOB) and CharField (NVARCHAR), so convert
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# all fields to NCLOB when we expect NCLOB
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if self.output_field.get_internal_type() == 'TextField':
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class ToNCLOB(Func):
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function = 'TO_NCLOB'
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expressions = [
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ToNCLOB(expression) for expression in self.get_source_expressions()]
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clone = self.copy()
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clone.set_source_expressions(expressions)
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return super(Coalesce, clone).as_sql(compiler, connection)
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return self.as_sql(compiler, connection)
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class ConcatPair(Func):
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"""
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Concatenate two arguments together. This is used by `Concat` because not
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all backend databases support more than two arguments.
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"""
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function = 'CONCAT'
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def __init__(self, left, right, **extra):
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super().__init__(left, right, **extra)
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def as_sqlite(self, compiler, connection):
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coalesced = self.coalesce()
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return super(ConcatPair, coalesced).as_sql(
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compiler, connection, template='%(expressions)s', arg_joiner=' || '
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)
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def as_mysql(self, compiler, connection):
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# Use CONCAT_WS with an empty separator so that NULLs are ignored.
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return super().as_sql(
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compiler, connection, function='CONCAT_WS', template="%(function)s('', %(expressions)s)"
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)
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def coalesce(self):
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# null on either side results in null for expression, wrap with coalesce
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c = self.copy()
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expressions = [
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Coalesce(expression, Value('')) for expression in c.get_source_expressions()
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]
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c.set_source_expressions(expressions)
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return c
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class Concat(Func):
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"""
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Concatenate text fields together. Backends that result in an entire
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null expression when any arguments are null will wrap each argument in
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coalesce functions to ensure a non-null result.
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"""
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function = None
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template = "%(expressions)s"
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def __init__(self, *expressions, **extra):
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if len(expressions) < 2:
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raise ValueError('Concat must take at least two expressions')
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paired = self._paired(expressions)
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super().__init__(paired, **extra)
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def _paired(self, expressions):
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# wrap pairs of expressions in successive concat functions
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# exp = [a, b, c, d]
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# -> ConcatPair(a, ConcatPair(b, ConcatPair(c, d))))
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if len(expressions) == 2:
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return ConcatPair(*expressions)
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return ConcatPair(expressions[0], self._paired(expressions[1:]))
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class Greatest(Func):
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"""
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Return the maximum expression.
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If any expression is null the return value is database-specific:
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On Postgres, the maximum not-null expression is returned.
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On MySQL, Oracle, and SQLite, if any expression is null, null is returned.
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"""
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function = 'GREATEST'
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def __init__(self, *expressions, **extra):
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if len(expressions) < 2:
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raise ValueError('Greatest must take at least two expressions')
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super().__init__(*expressions, **extra)
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def as_sqlite(self, compiler, connection):
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"""Use the MAX function on SQLite."""
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return super().as_sqlite(compiler, connection, function='MAX')
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class Least(Func):
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"""
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Return the minimum expression.
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If any expression is null the return value is database-specific:
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On Postgres, return the minimum not-null expression.
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On MySQL, Oracle, and SQLite, if any expression is null, return null.
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"""
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function = 'LEAST'
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def __init__(self, *expressions, **extra):
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if len(expressions) < 2:
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raise ValueError('Least must take at least two expressions')
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super().__init__(*expressions, **extra)
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def as_sqlite(self, compiler, connection):
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"""Use the MIN function on SQLite."""
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return super().as_sqlite(compiler, connection, function='MIN')
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class Length(Transform):
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"""Return the number of characters in the expression."""
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function = 'LENGTH'
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lookup_name = 'length'
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def __init__(self, expression, *, output_field=None, **extra):
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super().__init__(expression, output_field=output_field or fields.IntegerField(), **extra)
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def as_mysql(self, compiler, connection):
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return super().as_sql(compiler, connection, function='CHAR_LENGTH')
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class Lower(Transform):
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function = 'LOWER'
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lookup_name = 'lower'
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class Now(Func):
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template = 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'
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def __init__(self, output_field=None, **extra):
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if output_field is None:
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output_field = fields.DateTimeField()
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super().__init__(output_field=output_field, **extra)
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def as_postgresql(self, compiler, connection):
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# Postgres' CURRENT_TIMESTAMP means "the time at the start of the
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# transaction". We use STATEMENT_TIMESTAMP to be cross-compatible with
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# other databases.
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return self.as_sql(compiler, connection, template='STATEMENT_TIMESTAMP()')
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class StrIndex(Func):
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"""
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Return a positive integer corresponding to the 1-indexed position of the
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first occurrence of a substring inside another string, or 0 if the
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substring is not found.
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"""
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function = 'INSTR'
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arity = 2
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def __init__(self, string, substring, **extra):
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"""
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string: the name of a field, or an expression returning a string
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substring: the name of a field, or an expression returning a string
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"""
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super().__init__(string, substring, output_field=fields.IntegerField(), **extra)
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def as_postgresql(self, compiler, connection):
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return super().as_sql(compiler, connection, function='STRPOS')
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class Substr(Func):
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function = 'SUBSTRING'
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def __init__(self, expression, pos, length=None, **extra):
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"""
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expression: the name of a field, or an expression returning a string
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pos: an integer > 0, or an expression returning an integer
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length: an optional number of characters to return
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"""
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if not hasattr(pos, 'resolve_expression'):
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if pos < 1:
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raise ValueError("'pos' must be greater than 0")
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expressions = [expression, pos]
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if length is not None:
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expressions.append(length)
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super().__init__(*expressions, **extra)
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def as_sqlite(self, compiler, connection):
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return super().as_sql(compiler, connection, function='SUBSTR')
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def as_oracle(self, compiler, connection):
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return super().as_sql(compiler, connection, function='SUBSTR')
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class Upper(Transform):
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function = 'UPPER'
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lookup_name = 'upper'
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