django1/django/db/backends/creation.py

558 lines
23 KiB
Python

import hashlib
import sys
import time
from django.conf import settings
from django.db.utils import load_backend
from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes
from django.utils.functional import cached_property
from django.utils.six.moves import input
from django.utils.six import StringIO
from django.core.management.commands.dumpdata import sort_dependencies
from django.db import router
from django.apps import apps
from django.core import serializers
from .utils import truncate_name
# The prefix to put on the default database name when creating
# the test database.
TEST_DATABASE_PREFIX = 'test_'
NO_DB_ALIAS = '__no_db__'
class BaseDatabaseCreation(object):
"""
This class encapsulates all backend-specific differences that pertain to
database *creation*, such as the column types to use for particular Django
Fields, the SQL used to create and destroy tables, and the creation and
destruction of test databases.
"""
data_types = {}
data_types_suffix = {}
data_type_check_constraints = {}
def __init__(self, connection):
self.connection = connection
@cached_property
def _nodb_connection(self):
"""
Alternative connection to be used when there is no need to access
the main database, specifically for test db creation/deletion.
This also prevents the production database from being exposed to
potential child threads while (or after) the test database is destroyed.
Refs #10868, #17786, #16969.
"""
settings_dict = self.connection.settings_dict.copy()
settings_dict['NAME'] = None
backend = load_backend(settings_dict['ENGINE'])
nodb_connection = backend.DatabaseWrapper(
settings_dict,
alias=NO_DB_ALIAS,
allow_thread_sharing=False)
return nodb_connection
@classmethod
def _digest(cls, *args):
"""
Generates a 32-bit digest of a set of arguments that can be used to
shorten identifying names.
"""
h = hashlib.md5()
for arg in args:
h.update(force_bytes(arg))
return h.hexdigest()[:8]
def sql_create_model(self, model, style, known_models=set()):
"""
Returns the SQL required to create a single model, as a tuple of:
(list_of_sql, pending_references_dict)
"""
opts = model._meta
if not opts.managed or opts.proxy or opts.swapped:
return [], {}
final_output = []
table_output = []
pending_references = {}
qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name
for f in opts.local_fields:
col_type = f.db_type(connection=self.connection)
col_type_suffix = f.db_type_suffix(connection=self.connection)
tablespace = f.db_tablespace or opts.db_tablespace
if col_type is None:
# Skip ManyToManyFields, because they're not represented as
# database columns in this table.
continue
# Make the definition (e.g. 'foo VARCHAR(30)') for this field.
field_output = [style.SQL_FIELD(qn(f.column)),
style.SQL_COLTYPE(col_type)]
# Oracle treats the empty string ('') as null, so coerce the null
# option whenever '' is a possible value.
null = f.null
if (f.empty_strings_allowed and not f.primary_key and
self.connection.features.interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls):
null = True
if not null:
field_output.append(style.SQL_KEYWORD('NOT NULL'))
if f.primary_key:
field_output.append(style.SQL_KEYWORD('PRIMARY KEY'))
elif f.unique:
field_output.append(style.SQL_KEYWORD('UNIQUE'))
if tablespace and f.unique:
# We must specify the index tablespace inline, because we
# won't be generating a CREATE INDEX statement for this field.
tablespace_sql = self.connection.ops.tablespace_sql(
tablespace, inline=True)
if tablespace_sql:
field_output.append(tablespace_sql)
if f.rel and f.db_constraint:
ref_output, pending = self.sql_for_inline_foreign_key_references(
model, f, known_models, style)
if pending:
pending_references.setdefault(f.rel.to, []).append(
(model, f))
else:
field_output.extend(ref_output)
if col_type_suffix:
field_output.append(style.SQL_KEYWORD(col_type_suffix))
table_output.append(' '.join(field_output))
for field_constraints in opts.unique_together:
table_output.append(style.SQL_KEYWORD('UNIQUE') + ' (%s)' %
", ".join(
[style.SQL_FIELD(qn(opts.get_field(f).column))
for f in field_constraints]))
full_statement = [style.SQL_KEYWORD('CREATE TABLE') + ' ' +
style.SQL_TABLE(qn(opts.db_table)) + ' (']
for i, line in enumerate(table_output): # Combine and add commas.
full_statement.append(
' %s%s' % (line, ',' if i < len(table_output) - 1 else ''))
full_statement.append(')')
if opts.db_tablespace:
tablespace_sql = self.connection.ops.tablespace_sql(
opts.db_tablespace)
if tablespace_sql:
full_statement.append(tablespace_sql)
full_statement.append(';')
final_output.append('\n'.join(full_statement))
if opts.has_auto_field:
# Add any extra SQL needed to support auto-incrementing primary
# keys.
auto_column = opts.auto_field.db_column or opts.auto_field.name
autoinc_sql = self.connection.ops.autoinc_sql(opts.db_table,
auto_column)
if autoinc_sql:
for stmt in autoinc_sql:
final_output.append(stmt)
return final_output, pending_references
def sql_for_inline_foreign_key_references(self, model, field, known_models, style):
"""
Return the SQL snippet defining the foreign key reference for a field.
"""
qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name
rel_to = field.rel.to
if rel_to in known_models or rel_to == model:
output = [style.SQL_KEYWORD('REFERENCES') + ' ' +
style.SQL_TABLE(qn(rel_to._meta.db_table)) + ' (' +
style.SQL_FIELD(qn(rel_to._meta.get_field(
field.rel.field_name).column)) + ')' +
self.connection.ops.deferrable_sql()
]
pending = False
else:
# We haven't yet created the table to which this field
# is related, so save it for later.
output = []
pending = True
return output, pending
def sql_for_pending_references(self, model, style, pending_references):
"""
Returns any ALTER TABLE statements to add constraints after the fact.
"""
opts = model._meta
if not opts.managed or opts.swapped:
return []
qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name
final_output = []
if model in pending_references:
for rel_class, f in pending_references[model]:
rel_opts = rel_class._meta
r_table = rel_opts.db_table
r_col = f.column
table = opts.db_table
col = opts.get_field(f.rel.field_name).column
# For MySQL, r_name must be unique in the first 64 characters.
# So we are careful with character usage here.
r_name = '%s_refs_%s_%s' % (
r_col, col, self._digest(r_table, table))
final_output.append(style.SQL_KEYWORD('ALTER TABLE') +
' %s ADD CONSTRAINT %s FOREIGN KEY (%s) REFERENCES %s (%s)%s;' %
(qn(r_table), qn(truncate_name(
r_name, self.connection.ops.max_name_length())),
qn(r_col), qn(table), qn(col),
self.connection.ops.deferrable_sql()))
del pending_references[model]
return final_output
def sql_indexes_for_model(self, model, style):
"""
Returns the CREATE INDEX SQL statements for a single model.
"""
if not model._meta.managed or model._meta.proxy or model._meta.swapped:
return []
output = []
for f in model._meta.local_fields:
output.extend(self.sql_indexes_for_field(model, f, style))
for fs in model._meta.index_together:
fields = [model._meta.get_field_by_name(f)[0] for f in fs]
output.extend(self.sql_indexes_for_fields(model, fields, style))
return output
def sql_indexes_for_field(self, model, f, style):
"""
Return the CREATE INDEX SQL statements for a single model field.
"""
if f.db_index and not f.unique:
return self.sql_indexes_for_fields(model, [f], style)
else:
return []
def sql_indexes_for_fields(self, model, fields, style):
if len(fields) == 1 and fields[0].db_tablespace:
tablespace_sql = self.connection.ops.tablespace_sql(fields[0].db_tablespace)
elif model._meta.db_tablespace:
tablespace_sql = self.connection.ops.tablespace_sql(model._meta.db_tablespace)
else:
tablespace_sql = ""
if tablespace_sql:
tablespace_sql = " " + tablespace_sql
field_names = []
qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name
for f in fields:
field_names.append(style.SQL_FIELD(qn(f.column)))
index_name = "%s_%s" % (model._meta.db_table, self._digest([f.name for f in fields]))
return [
style.SQL_KEYWORD("CREATE INDEX") + " " +
style.SQL_TABLE(qn(truncate_name(index_name, self.connection.ops.max_name_length()))) + " " +
style.SQL_KEYWORD("ON") + " " +
style.SQL_TABLE(qn(model._meta.db_table)) + " " +
"(%s)" % style.SQL_FIELD(", ".join(field_names)) +
"%s;" % tablespace_sql,
]
def sql_destroy_model(self, model, references_to_delete, style):
"""
Return the DROP TABLE and restraint dropping statements for a single
model.
"""
if not model._meta.managed or model._meta.proxy or model._meta.swapped:
return []
# Drop the table now
qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name
output = ['%s %s;' % (style.SQL_KEYWORD('DROP TABLE'),
style.SQL_TABLE(qn(model._meta.db_table)))]
if model in references_to_delete:
output.extend(self.sql_remove_table_constraints(
model, references_to_delete, style))
if model._meta.has_auto_field:
ds = self.connection.ops.drop_sequence_sql(model._meta.db_table)
if ds:
output.append(ds)
return output
def sql_remove_table_constraints(self, model, references_to_delete, style):
if not model._meta.managed or model._meta.proxy or model._meta.swapped:
return []
output = []
qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name
for rel_class, f in references_to_delete[model]:
table = rel_class._meta.db_table
col = f.column
r_table = model._meta.db_table
r_col = model._meta.get_field(f.rel.field_name).column
r_name = '%s_refs_%s_%s' % (
col, r_col, self._digest(table, r_table))
output.append('%s %s %s %s;' % (
style.SQL_KEYWORD('ALTER TABLE'),
style.SQL_TABLE(qn(table)),
style.SQL_KEYWORD(self.connection.ops.drop_foreignkey_sql()),
style.SQL_FIELD(qn(truncate_name(
r_name, self.connection.ops.max_name_length())))
))
del references_to_delete[model]
return output
def sql_destroy_indexes_for_model(self, model, style):
"""
Returns the DROP INDEX SQL statements for a single model.
"""
if not model._meta.managed or model._meta.proxy or model._meta.swapped:
return []
output = []
for f in model._meta.local_fields:
output.extend(self.sql_destroy_indexes_for_field(model, f, style))
for fs in model._meta.index_together:
fields = [model._meta.get_field_by_name(f)[0] for f in fs]
output.extend(self.sql_destroy_indexes_for_fields(model, fields, style))
return output
def sql_destroy_indexes_for_field(self, model, f, style):
"""
Return the DROP INDEX SQL statements for a single model field.
"""
if f.db_index and not f.unique:
return self.sql_destroy_indexes_for_fields(model, [f], style)
else:
return []
def sql_destroy_indexes_for_fields(self, model, fields, style):
if len(fields) == 1 and fields[0].db_tablespace:
tablespace_sql = self.connection.ops.tablespace_sql(fields[0].db_tablespace)
elif model._meta.db_tablespace:
tablespace_sql = self.connection.ops.tablespace_sql(model._meta.db_tablespace)
else:
tablespace_sql = ""
if tablespace_sql:
tablespace_sql = " " + tablespace_sql
field_names = []
qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name
for f in fields:
field_names.append(style.SQL_FIELD(qn(f.column)))
index_name = "%s_%s" % (model._meta.db_table, self._digest([f.name for f in fields]))
return [
style.SQL_KEYWORD("DROP INDEX") + " " +
style.SQL_TABLE(qn(truncate_name(index_name, self.connection.ops.max_name_length()))) + " " +
";",
]
def create_test_db(self, verbosity=1, autoclobber=False, serialize=True, keepdb=False):
"""
Creates a test database, prompting the user for confirmation if the
database already exists. Returns the name of the test database created.
"""
# Don't import django.core.management if it isn't needed.
from django.core.management import call_command
test_database_name = self._get_test_db_name()
if verbosity >= 1:
test_db_repr = ''
action = 'Creating'
if verbosity >= 2:
test_db_repr = " ('%s')" % test_database_name
if keepdb:
action = "Using existing"
print("%s test database for alias '%s'%s..." % (
action, self.connection.alias, test_db_repr))
# We could skip this call if keepdb is True, but we instead
# give it the keepdb param. This is to handle the case
# where the test DB doesn't exist, in which case we need to
# create it, then just not destroy it. If we instead skip
# this, we will get an exception.
self._create_test_db(verbosity, autoclobber, keepdb)
self.connection.close()
settings.DATABASES[self.connection.alias]["NAME"] = test_database_name
self.connection.settings_dict["NAME"] = test_database_name
self._create_test_db_pre_migrate_sql()
# We report migrate messages at one level lower than that requested.
# This ensures we don't get flooded with messages during testing
# (unless you really ask to be flooded).
call_command(
'migrate',
verbosity=max(verbosity - 1, 0),
interactive=False,
database=self.connection.alias,
test_database=True,
test_flush=True,
)
# We then serialize the current state of the database into a string
# and store it on the connection. This slightly horrific process is so people
# who are testing on databases without transactions or who are using
# a TransactionTestCase still get a clean database on every test run.
if serialize:
self.connection._test_serialized_contents = self.serialize_db_to_string()
call_command('createcachetable', database=self.connection.alias)
# Ensure a connection for the side effect of initializing the test database.
self.connection.ensure_connection()
return test_database_name
def _create_test_db_pre_migrate_sql(self):
"""
Hook for databases to load SQL before creating the test DB.
"""
pass
def serialize_db_to_string(self):
"""
Serializes all data in the database into a JSON string.
Designed only for test runner usage; will not handle large
amounts of data.
"""
# Build list of all apps to serialize
from django.db.migrations.loader import MigrationLoader
loader = MigrationLoader(self.connection)
app_list = []
for app_config in apps.get_app_configs():
if (
app_config.models_module is not None and
app_config.label in loader.migrated_apps and
app_config.name not in settings.TEST_NON_SERIALIZED_APPS
):
app_list.append((app_config, None))
# Make a function to iteratively return every object
def get_objects():
for model in sort_dependencies(app_list):
if not model._meta.proxy and router.allow_migrate(self.connection.alias, model):
queryset = model._default_manager.using(self.connection.alias).order_by(model._meta.pk.name)
for obj in queryset.iterator():
yield obj
# Serialise to a string
out = StringIO()
serializers.serialize("json", get_objects(), indent=None, stream=out)
return out.getvalue()
def deserialize_db_from_string(self, data):
"""
Reloads the database with data from a string generated by
the serialize_db_to_string method.
"""
data = StringIO(data)
for obj in serializers.deserialize("json", data, using=self.connection.alias):
obj.save()
def _get_test_db_name(self):
"""
Internal implementation - returns the name of the test DB that will be
created. Only useful when called from create_test_db() and
_create_test_db() and when no external munging is done with the 'NAME'
or 'TEST_NAME' settings.
"""
if self.connection.settings_dict['TEST']['NAME']:
return self.connection.settings_dict['TEST']['NAME']
return TEST_DATABASE_PREFIX + self.connection.settings_dict['NAME']
def _create_test_db(self, verbosity, autoclobber, keepdb=False):
"""
Internal implementation - creates the test db tables.
"""
suffix = self.sql_table_creation_suffix()
test_database_name = self._get_test_db_name()
qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name
# Create the test database and connect to it.
with self._nodb_connection.cursor() as cursor:
try:
cursor.execute(
"CREATE DATABASE %s %s" % (qn(test_database_name), suffix))
except Exception as e:
# if we want to keep the db, then no need to do any of the below,
# just return and skip it all.
if keepdb:
return test_database_name
sys.stderr.write(
"Got an error creating the test database: %s\n" % e)
if not autoclobber:
confirm = input(
"Type 'yes' if you would like to try deleting the test "
"database '%s', or 'no' to cancel: " % test_database_name)
if autoclobber or confirm == 'yes':
try:
if verbosity >= 1:
print("Destroying old test database '%s'..."
% self.connection.alias)
cursor.execute(
"DROP DATABASE %s" % qn(test_database_name))
cursor.execute(
"CREATE DATABASE %s %s" % (qn(test_database_name),
suffix))
except Exception as e:
sys.stderr.write(
"Got an error recreating the test database: %s\n" % e)
sys.exit(2)
else:
print("Tests cancelled.")
sys.exit(1)
return test_database_name
def destroy_test_db(self, old_database_name, verbosity=1, keepdb=False):
"""
Destroy a test database, prompting the user for confirmation if the
database already exists.
"""
self.connection.close()
test_database_name = self.connection.settings_dict['NAME']
if verbosity >= 1:
test_db_repr = ''
action = 'Destroying'
if verbosity >= 2:
test_db_repr = " ('%s')" % test_database_name
if keepdb:
action = 'Preserving'
print("%s test database for alias '%s'%s..." % (
action, self.connection.alias, test_db_repr))
# if we want to preserve the database
# skip the actual destroying piece.
if not keepdb:
self._destroy_test_db(test_database_name, verbosity)
def _destroy_test_db(self, test_database_name, verbosity):
"""
Internal implementation - remove the test db tables.
"""
# Remove the test database to clean up after
# ourselves. Connect to the previous database (not the test database)
# to do so, because it's not allowed to delete a database while being
# connected to it.
with self._nodb_connection.cursor() as cursor:
# Wait to avoid "database is being accessed by other users" errors.
time.sleep(1)
cursor.execute("DROP DATABASE %s"
% self.connection.ops.quote_name(test_database_name))
def sql_table_creation_suffix(self):
"""
SQL to append to the end of the test table creation statements.
"""
return ''
def test_db_signature(self):
"""
Returns a tuple with elements of self.connection.settings_dict (a
DATABASES setting value) that uniquely identify a database
accordingly to the RDBMS particularities.
"""
settings_dict = self.connection.settings_dict
return (
settings_dict['HOST'],
settings_dict['PORT'],
settings_dict['ENGINE'],
settings_dict['NAME']
)