153 lines
4.7 KiB
Python
153 lines
4.7 KiB
Python
"""
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40. Tests for select_related()
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``select_related()`` follows all relationships and pre-caches any foreign key
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values so that complex trees can be fetched in a single query. However, this
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isn't always a good idea, so the ``depth`` argument control how many "levels"
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the select-related behavior will traverse.
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"""
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from django.db import models
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# Who remembers high school biology?
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class Domain(models.Model):
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name = models.CharField(maxlength=50)
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def __str__(self):
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return self.name
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class Kingdom(models.Model):
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name = models.CharField(maxlength=50)
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domain = models.ForeignKey(Domain)
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def __str__(self):
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return self.name
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class Phylum(models.Model):
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name = models.CharField(maxlength=50)
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kingdom = models.ForeignKey(Kingdom)
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def __str__(self):
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return self.name
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class Klass(models.Model):
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name = models.CharField(maxlength=50)
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phylum = models.ForeignKey(Phylum)
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def __str__(self):
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return self.name
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class Order(models.Model):
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name = models.CharField(maxlength=50)
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klass = models.ForeignKey(Klass)
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def __str__(self):
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return self.name
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class Family(models.Model):
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name = models.CharField(maxlength=50)
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order = models.ForeignKey(Order)
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def __str__(self):
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return self.name
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class Genus(models.Model):
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name = models.CharField(maxlength=50)
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family = models.ForeignKey(Family)
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def __str__(self):
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return self.name
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class Species(models.Model):
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name = models.CharField(maxlength=50)
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genus = models.ForeignKey(Genus)
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def __str__(self):
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return self.name
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def create_tree(stringtree):
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"""Helper to create a complete tree"""
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names = stringtree.split()
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models = [Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Klass, Order, Family, Genus, Species]
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assert len(names) == len(models), (names, models)
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parent = None
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for name, model in zip(names, models):
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try:
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obj = model.objects.get(name=name)
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except model.DoesNotExist:
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obj = model(name=name)
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if parent:
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setattr(obj, parent.__class__.__name__.lower(), parent)
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obj.save()
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parent = obj
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__test__ = {'API_TESTS':"""
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# Set up.
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# The test runner sets settings.DEBUG to False, but we want to gather queries
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# so we'll set it to True here and reset it at the end of the test suite.
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>>> from django.conf import settings
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>>> settings.DEBUG = True
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>>> create_tree("Eukaryota Animalia Anthropoda Insecta Diptera Drosophilidae Drosophila melanogaster")
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>>> create_tree("Eukaryota Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens")
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>>> create_tree("Eukaryota Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Pisum sativum")
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>>> create_tree("Eukaryota Fungi Basidiomycota Homobasidiomycatae Agaricales Amanitacae Amanita muscaria")
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>>> from django import db
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# Normally, accessing FKs doesn't fill in related objects:
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>>> db.reset_queries()
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>>> fly = Species.objects.get(name="melanogaster")
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>>> fly.genus.family.order.klass.phylum.kingdom.domain
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<Domain: Eukaryota>
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>>> len(db.connection.queries)
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8
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# However, a select_related() call will fill in those related objects without any extra queries:
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>>> db.reset_queries()
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>>> person = Species.objects.select_related().get(name="sapiens")
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>>> person.genus.family.order.klass.phylum.kingdom.domain
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<Domain: Eukaryota>
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>>> len(db.connection.queries)
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1
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# select_related() also of course applies to entire lists, not just items.
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# Without select_related()
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>>> db.reset_queries()
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>>> world = Species.objects.all()
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>>> [o.genus.family for o in world]
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[<Family: Drosophilidae>, <Family: Hominidae>, <Family: Fabaceae>, <Family: Amanitacae>]
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>>> len(db.connection.queries)
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9
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# With select_related():
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>>> db.reset_queries()
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>>> world = Species.objects.all().select_related()
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>>> [o.genus.family for o in world]
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[<Family: Drosophilidae>, <Family: Hominidae>, <Family: Fabaceae>, <Family: Amanitacae>]
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>>> len(db.connection.queries)
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1
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# The "depth" argument to select_related() will stop the descent at a particular level:
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>>> db.reset_queries()
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>>> pea = Species.objects.select_related(depth=1).get(name="sativum")
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>>> pea.genus.family.order.klass.phylum.kingdom.domain
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<Domain: Eukaryota>
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# Notice: one few query than above because of depth=1
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>>> len(db.connection.queries)
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7
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>>> db.reset_queries()
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>>> pea = Species.objects.select_related(depth=5).get(name="sativum")
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>>> pea.genus.family.order.klass.phylum.kingdom.domain
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<Domain: Eukaryota>
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>>> len(db.connection.queries)
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3
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>>> db.reset_queries()
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>>> world = Species.objects.all().select_related(depth=2)
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>>> [o.genus.family.order for o in world]
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[<Order: Diptera>, <Order: Primates>, <Order: Fabales>, <Order: Agaricales>]
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>>> len(db.connection.queries)
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5
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# Reset DEBUG to where we found it.
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>>> settings.DEBUG = False
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"""}
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