socialforge/lib/wechat

WeChat

中文文档 Chinese document

Wechat is a free messaging and calling app developed by Tencent, after linked billion people, Wechat become a platform of application

WeChat gem trying to helping Rails developer to integrated enterprise account / public account easily. Below feature is ready and no need writing adapter code talking to wechat server directly.

• Sending message API（Can access via console or in rails）
• Receiving message（You must running on rails server to receiving message）
• Wechat JS-SDK config signature
• OAuth 2.0 authentication

wechat command share the same API in console, so you can interactive with wechat server quickly, without starting up web environment/code.

A responder DSL can used in Rails controller, so giving a event based interface to handler message sent by end user from wechat server.

Wechat provide OAuth2.0 as authentication service and possible to intergrated with devise/other authorization gems, omniauth-wechat-oauth2 is a good start

There is official weui, which corresponding Rails gems called weui-rails available, if you prefer following the same UI design as wechat.

Installation

Using gem install

gem install "wechat"

Or add to your app's Gemfile:

gem 'wechat'

Run the following command to install it:

bundle install

Run the generator:

rails generate wechat:install

rails g wechat:install will generated the initial wechat.yml configuration, example wechat controller and corresponding routes.

Configuration

Configure for command line

You can using wechat command solely, you need created configure file ~/.wechat.yml and including below content for public account. the access_token will be write as a file.

appid: "my_appid"
secret: "my_secret"
access_token: "/var/tmp/wechat_access_token"

For enterprise account, need using corpid instead of appid as enterprise account support multiply application (Tencent called agent) in one enterprise account. Obtain the corpsecret is a little tricky, must created at management mode->privilege setting and create any of management group to obtain. Due to Tencent currently only provide Chinese interface for they management console, it's highly recommend you find a college knowing Mandarin to help you to obtain.

Windows user need store .wechat.yml at C:/Users/[user_name]/ (replace your user name), also be caution the direction of folder separator.

corpid: "my_appid"
corpsecret: "my_secret"
agentid: 1 # Integer, which can be obtain from application, settings
access_token: "C:/Users/[user_name]/wechat_access_token"

Configure for Rails

Rails configuration files support different environment similar to database.yml, after running rails generate wechat:install you can find configuration files at config/wechat.yml

Public account congfigure example：

default: &default
  appid: "app_id"
  secret: "app_secret"
  token:  "app_token"
  access_token: "/var/tmp/wechat_access_token"

production:
  appid: <%= ENV['WECHAT_APPID'] %>
  secret: <%= ENV['WECHAT_APP_SECRET'] %>
  token:   <%= ENV['WECHAT_TOKEN'] %>
  access_token:  <%= ENV['WECHAT_ACCESS_TOKEN'] %>

development:
  <<: *default

test:
  <<: *default

Although it's optional for public account, but highly recommend to enable encrypt mode by add below two items to wechat.yml

default: &default
  encrypt_mode: true
  encoding_aes_key:  "my_encoding_aes_key"

Enterprise account must using encrypt mode (encrypt_mode: true is default on, no need configure).

The token and encoding_aes_key can be obtain from management console -> one of the agent application -> Mode selection, select callback mode and get/set.

default: &default
  corpid: "corpid"
  corpsecret: "corpsecret"
  agentid:  1
  access_token: "C:/Users/[user_name]/wechat_access_token"
  token:    ""
  encoding_aes_key:  ""
  jsapi_ticket: "C:/Users/[user_name]/wechat_jsapi_ticket"

production:
  corpid:     <%= ENV['WECHAT_CORPID'] %>
  corpsecret: <%= ENV['WECHAT_CORPSECRET'] %>
  agentid:    <%= ENV['WECHAT_AGENTID'] %>
  access_token:  <%= ENV['WECHAT_ACCESS_TOKEN'] %>
  token:      <%= ENV['WECHAT_TOKEN'] %>
  timeout:    30,
  skip_verify_ssl: true # not recommend
  encoding_aes_key:  <%= ENV['WECHAT_ENCODING_AES_KEY'] %>
  jsapi_ticket: <%= ENV['WECHAT_JSAPI_TICKET'] %>

development:
  <<: *default

test:
  <<: *default

Configure priority

Running wechat command in the root folder of Rails application will using the Rails configuration first (default section), if can not find it, will relay on ~\.wechat.yml, such behavior enable manage more wechat public account and enterprise account without changing your home ~\.wechat.yml file.

Wechat server timeout setting

Stability various even for Tencent wechat server, so setting a long timeout may needed, default is 20 seconds if not set.

Skip the SSL verification

SSL Certification can also be corrupted by some reason in China, it's reported and if it's happen to you, can setting skip_verify_ssl: true. (not recommend)

Configure individual responder with different appid

Rare case, you may want to hosting more than one wechat enterprise/public account in one Rails application, so you can given those configuration info when calling wechat_responder

class WechatFirstController < ActionController::Base
   wechat_responder appid: "app1", secret: "secret1", token: "token1", access_token: Rails.root.join("tmp/access_token1")

   on :text, with:"help", respond: "help content"
end

JS-SDK helper

JS-SDK enable you control wechat behavior in your web page, but need inject a config with signature methods first, you can obtain those signature hash via below

WechatsController.wechat.jsapi_ticket.signature(request.original_url)

The API privilege

wechat gems won't handle any privilege exception. (except token time out, but it's not important to you as it's auto retry/recovery in gems internally), but Tencent will control a lot of privilege based on your public account type and certification, more info, please reference official document.

Command line mode

The available API is different between public account and enterprise account, so wechat gems provide different set of command.

Feel safe if you can not read Chinese in the comments, it's keep there in order to copy & find in official document more easier.

Public account command line

$ wechat
Wechat commands:
  wechat callbackip                                        # 获取微信服务器IP地址
  wechat custom_image [OPENID, IMAGE_PATH]                 # 发送图片客服消息
  wechat custom_music [OPENID, THUMBNAIL_PATH, MUSIC_URL]  # 发送音乐客服消息
  wechat custom_news [OPENID, NEWS_YAML_PATH]              # 发送图文客服消息
  wechat custom_text [OPENID, TEXT_MESSAGE]                # 发送文字客服消息
  wechat custom_video [OPENID, VIDEO_PATH]                 # 发送视频客服消息
  wechat custom_voice [OPENID, VOICE_PATH]                 # 发送语音客服消息
  wechat group_create [GROUP_NAME]                         # 创建分组
  wechat group_delete [GROUP_ID]                           # 删除分组
  wechat group_update [GROUP_ID, NEW_GROUP_NAME]           # 修改分组名
  wechat groups                                            # 查询所有分组
  wechat material [MEDIA_ID, PATH]                         # 永久媒体下载
  wechat material_add [MEDIA_TYPE, PATH]                   # 永久媒体上传
  wechat material_count                                    # 获取永久素材总数
  wechat material_delete [MEDIA_ID]                        # 删除永久素材
  wechat material_list [TYPE, OFFSET, COUNT]               # 获取永久素材列表
  wechat media [MEDIA_ID, PATH]                            # 媒体下载
  wechat media_create [MEDIA_TYPE, PATH]                   # 媒体上传
  wechat menu                                              # 当前菜单
  wechat menu_create [MENU_YAML_PATH]                      # 创建菜单
  wechat menu_delete                                       # 删除菜单
  wechat oauth2_url [REDIRECT_URI]                         # 生成OAuth2.0验证URL
  wechat qrcode_create_limit_scene [SCENE_ID_OR_STR]       # 请求永久二维码
  wechat qrcode_create_scene [SCENE_ID, EXPIRE_SECONDS]    # 请求临时二维码
  wechat qrcode_download [TICKET, QR_CODE_PIC_PATH]        # 通过ticket下载二维码
  wechat template_message [OPENID, TEMPLATE_YAML_PATH]     # 模板消息接口
  wechat user [OPEN_ID]                                    # 获取用户基本信息
  wechat user_change_group [OPEN_ID, TO_GROUP_ID]          # 移动用户分组
  wechat user_group [OPEN_ID]                              # 查询用户所在分组
  wechat user_update_remark [OPEN_ID, REMARK]              # 设置备注名
  wechat users                                             # 关注者列表

Enterprise account command line

$ wechat
Wechat commands:
  wechat agent [AGENT_ID]                                  # 获取企业号应用详情
  wechat agent_list                                        # 获取应用概况列表
  wechat batch_job_result [JOB_ID]                         # 获取异步任务结果
  wechat batch_replaceparty [BATCH_PARTY_CSV_MEDIA_ID]     # 全量覆盖部门
  wechat batch_replaceuser [BATCH_USER_CSV_MEDIA_ID]       # 全量覆盖成员
  wechat batch_syncuser [SYNC_USER_CSV_MEDIA_ID]           # 增量更新成员
  wechat callbackip                                        # 获取微信服务器IP地址
  wechat convert_to_openid [USER_ID]                       # userid转换成openid
  wechat custom_image [OPENID, IMAGE_PATH]                 # 发送图片客服消息
  wechat custom_music [OPENID, THUMBNAIL_PATH, MUSIC_URL]  # 发送音乐客服消息
  wechat custom_news [OPENID, NEWS_YAML_PATH]              # 发送图文客服消息
  wechat custom_text [OPENID, TEXT_MESSAGE]                # 发送文字客服消息
  wechat custom_video [OPENID, VIDEO_PATH]                 # 发送视频客服消息
  wechat custom_voice [OPENID, VOICE_PATH]                 # 发送语音客服消息
  wechat department [DEPARTMENT_ID]                        # 获取部门列表
  wechat department_create [NAME, PARENT_ID]               # 创建部门
  wechat department_delete [DEPARTMENT_ID]                 # 删除部门
  wechat department_update [DEPARTMENT_ID, NAME]           # 更新部门
  wechat invite_user [USER_ID]                             # 邀请成员关注
  wechat material [MEDIA_ID, PATH]                         # 永久媒体下载
  wechat material_add [MEDIA_TYPE, PATH]                   # 永久媒体上传
  wechat material_count                                    # 获取永久素材总数
  wechat material_delete [MEDIA_ID]                        # 删除永久素材
  wechat material_list [TYPE, OFFSET, COUNT]               # 获取永久素材列表
  wechat media [MEDIA_ID, PATH]                            # 媒体下载
  wechat media_create [MEDIA_TYPE, PATH]                   # 媒体上传
  wechat menu                                              # 当前菜单
  wechat menu_create [MENU_YAML_PATH]                      # 创建菜单
  wechat menu_delete                                       # 删除菜单
  wechat message_send [OPENID, TEXT_MESSAGE]               # 发送文字消息
  wechat oauth2_url [REDIRECT_URI]                         # 生成OAuth2.0验证URL
  wechat qrcode_download [TICKET, QR_CODE_PIC_PATH]        # 通过ticket下载二维码
  wechat tag [TAG_ID]                                      # 获取标签成员
  wechat tag_add_department [TAG_ID, PARTY_IDS]            # 增加标签部门
  wechat tag_add_user [TAG_ID, USER_IDS]                   # 增加标签成员
  wechat tag_create [TAGNAME, TAG_ID]                      # 创建标签
  wechat tag_del_department [TAG_ID, PARTY_IDS]            # 删除标签部门
  wechat tag_del_user [TAG_ID, USER_IDS]                   # 删除标签成员
  wechat tag_delete [TAG_ID]                               # 删除标签
  wechat tag_update [TAG_ID, TAGNAME]                      # 更新标签名字
  wechat tags                                              # 获取标签列表
  wechat template_message [OPENID, TEMPLATE_YAML_PATH]     # 模板消息接口
  wechat upload_replaceparty [BATCH_PARTY_CSV_PATH]        # 上传文件方式全量覆盖部门
  wechat upload_replaceuser [BATCH_USER_CSV_PATH]          # 上传文件方式全量覆盖成员
  wechat user [OPEN_ID]                                    # 获取用户基本信息
  wechat user_batchdelete [USER_ID_LIST]                   # 批量删除成员
  wechat user_delete [USER_ID]                             # 删除成员
  wechat user_list [DEPARTMENT_ID]                         # 获取部门成员详情
  wechat user_simplelist [DEPARTMENT_ID]                   # 获取部门成员
  wechat user_update_remark [OPEN_ID, REMARK]              # 设置备注名

Command line usage demo (partially)

Fetch all users open id

$ wechat users

{"total"=>4, "count"=>4, "data"=>{"openid"=>["oCfEht9***********", "oCfEhtwqa***********", "oCfEht9oMCqGo***********", "oCfEht_81H5o2***********"]}, "next_openid"=>"oCfEht_81H5o2***********"}

Fetch user info

$ wechat user "oCfEht9***********"

{"subscribe"=>1, "openid"=>"oCfEht9***********", "nickname"=>"Nickname", "sex"=>1, "language"=>"zh_CN", "city"=>"徐汇", "province"=>"上海", "country"=>"中国", "headimgurl"=>"http://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLBd0SG8NjV3UpXZuiaGGPDcaKHebTKiaTyof*********/0", "subscribe_time"=>1395715239}

Fetch menu

$ wechat menu

{"menu"=>{"button"=>[{"type"=>"view", "name"=>"保护的", "url"=>"http://***/protected", "sub_button"=>[]}, {"type"=>"view", "name"=>"公开的", "url"=>"http://***", "sub_button"=>[]}]}}

Menu create

menu content for a wechat application can be defined as a yaml files, like menu.yaml

button:
 -
  name: "Want"
  sub_button:
   -
    type: "scancode_waitmsg"
    name: "绑定用餐二维码"
    key: "BINDING_QR_CODE"
   -
    type: "click"
    name: "预订午餐"
    key:  "BOOK_LUNCH"
   -
    type: "click"
    name: "预订晚餐"
    key:  "BOOK_DINNER"
 -
  name: "Query"
  sub_button:
   -
    type: "click"
    name: "进出记录"
    key:  "BADGE_IN_OUT"
   -
    type: "click"
    name: "年假余额"
    key:  "ANNUAL_LEAVE"
 -
  type: "view"
  name: "About"
  url:  "http://blog.cloud-mes.com/"

Caution: make sure you having management privilege for those application below running below command, other will got 60011 error.

$ wechat menu_create menu.yaml

Sent custom news

Sending custom_news should also defined as a yaml file, like articles.yaml

articles:
 -
  title: "习近平在布鲁日欧洲学院演讲"
  description: "新华网比利时布鲁日4月1日电 国家主席习近平1日在比利时布鲁日欧洲学院发表重要演讲"
  url: "http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2014-04-01/232629843387.shtml"
  pic_url: "http://i3.sinaimg.cn/dy/c/2014-04-01/1396366518_bYays1.jpg"

After that, can running command:

$ wechat custom_news oCfEht9oM*********** articles.yml

Sent template message

Sending template message via yaml file similar too, defined template.yml and content is just the template content.

template:
  template_id: "o64KQ62_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-Qz-MlNcRKteq8"
  url: "http://weixin.qq.com/download"
  topcolor: "#FF0000"
  data:
    first:
      value: "Hello, you successfully registed"
      color: "#0A0A0A"      
    keynote1:
      value: "5km Health Running"
      color: "#CCCCCC"      
    keynote2:
      value: "2014-09-16"
      color: "#CCCCCC"     
    keynote3:
      value: "Centry Park, Pudong, Shanghai"
      color: "#CCCCCC"                 
    remark:
      value: "Welcome back"
      color: "#173177"          

After that, can running command:

$ wechat template_message oCfEht9oM*********** template.yml

Rails Responder Controller DSL

In order to responding the message user sent, Rails developer need create a wechat responder controller and defined the routing in routes.rb

  resource :wechat, only:[:show, :create]

So the ActionController should defined like below:

class WechatsController < ActionController::Base
  wechat_responder

  # default text responder when no other match
  on :text do |request, content|
    request.reply.text "echo: #{content}" # Just echo
  end

  # When receive 'help', will trigger this responder
  on :text, with: 'help' do |request|
    request.reply.text 'help content'
  end

  # When receive '<n>news', will match and will got count as <n> as parameter
  on :text, with: /^(\d+) news$/ do |request, count|
    # Wechat article can only contain max 10 items, large than 10 will dropped.
    news = (1..count.to_i).each_with_object([]) { |n, memo| memo << { title: 'News title', content: "No. #{n} news content" } }
    request.reply.news(news) do |article, n, index| # article is return object
      article.item title: "#{index} #{n[:title]}", description: n[:content], pic_url: 'http://www.baidu.com/img/bdlogo.gif', url: 'http://www.baidu.com/'
    end
  end

  on :event, with: 'subscribe' do |request|
    request.reply.text "#{request[:FromUserName]} subscribe now"
  end

  # When unsubscribe user scan qrcode qrscene_xxxxxx to subscribe in public account
  # notice user will subscribe public account at same time, so wechat won't trigger subscribe event any more
  on :scan, with: 'qrscene_xxxxxx' do |request, ticket|
    request.reply.text "Unsubscribe user #{request[:FromUserName]} Ticket #{ticket}"
  end

  # When subscribe user scan scene_id in public account
  on :scan, with: 'scene_id' do |request, ticket|
    request.reply.text "Subscribe user #{request[:FromUserName]} Ticket #{ticket}"
  end

  # When no any on :scan responder can match subscribe user scaned scene_id
  on :event, with: 'scan' do |request|
    if request[:EventKey].present?
      request.reply.text "event scan got EventKey #{request[:EventKey]} Ticket #{request[:Ticket]}"
    end
  end

  # When enterprise user press menu BINDING_QR_CODE and success to scan bar code
  on :scan, with: 'BINDING_QR_CODE' do |request, scan_result, scan_type|
    request.reply.text "User #{request[:FromUserName]} ScanResult #{scan_result} ScanType #{scan_type}"
  end

  # Except QR code, wechat can also scan CODE_39 bar code in enterprise account
  on :scan, with: 'BINDING_BARCODE' do |message, scan_result|
    if scan_result.start_with? 'CODE_39,'
      message.reply.text "User: #{message[:FromUserName]} scan barcode, result is #{scan_result.split(',')[1]}"
    end
  end

  # When user click the menu button
  on :click, with: 'BOOK_LUNCH' do |request, key|
    request.reply.text "User: #{request[:FromUserName]} click #{key}"
  end

  # When user view URL in the menu button
  on :view, with: 'http://wechat.somewhere.com/view_url' do |request, view|
    request.reply.text "#{request[:FromUserName]} view #{view}"
  end

  # When user sent the imsage
  on :image do |request|
    request.reply.image(request[:MediaId]) # Echo the sent image to user
  end

  # When user sent the voice
  on :voice do |request|
    request.reply.voice(request[:MediaId]) # Echo the sent voice to user
  end

  # When user sent the video
  on :video do |request|
    nickname = wechat.user(request[:FromUserName])['nickname'] # Call wechat api to get sender nickname
    request.reply.video(request[:MediaId], title: 'Echo', description: "Got #{nickname} sent video") # Echo the sent video to user
  end

  # When user sent location
  on :location do |request|
    request.reply.text("Latitude: #{message[:Latitude]} Longitude: #{message[:Longitude]} Precision: #{message[:Precision]}")
  end

  on :event, with: 'unsubscribe' do |request|
    request.reply.success # user can not receive this message
  end

  # When user enter the app / agent app
  on :event, with: 'enter_agent' do |request|
    request.reply.text "#{request[:FromUserName]} enter agent app now"
  end

  # When batch job create/update user (incremental) finished.
  on :batch_job, with: 'sync_user' do |request, batch_job|
    request.reply.text "sync_user job #{batch_job[:JobId]} finished, return code #{batch_job[:ErrCode]}, return message #{batch_job[:ErrMsg]}"
  end

  # When batch job replace user (full sync) finished.
  on :batch_job, with: 'replace_user' do |request, batch_job|
    request.reply.text "replace_user job #{batch_job[:JobId]} finished, return code #{batch_job[:ErrCode]}, return message #{batch_job[:ErrMsg]}"
  end

  # When batch job invent user finished.
  on :batch_job, with: 'invite_user' do |request, batch_job|
    request.reply.text "invite_user job #{batch_job[:JobId]} finished, return code #{batch_job[:ErrCode]}, return message #{batch_job[:ErrMsg]}"
  end

  # When batch job replace department (full sync) finished.
  on :batch_job, with: 'replace_party' do |request, batch_job|
    request.reply.text "replace_party job #{batch_job[:JobId]} finished, return code #{batch_job[:ErrCode]}, return message #{batch_job[:ErrMsg]}"
  end

  # Any not match above will fail to below
  on :fallback, respond: 'fallback message'

  # If you need do something after response, you should add after_wechat_response(req, res)
  # private
  #
  # def after_wechat_response(req, res)
  #   WechatLog.create req: req, res: res
  # end
end

So the importent statement is only wechat_responder, all other is just a DSL:

on <message_type> do |message|
 message.reply.text "some text"
end

The block code will be running to responding user's message.

Below is current supported message_type:

• :text text message, using :with to match text content like on(:text, with:'help'){|message, content| ...}
• :image image message
• :voice voice message
• :video video message
• :link link message
• :event event message, using :with to match particular event
• :click virtual event message, wechat still sent event message，but gems will mapping to menu click event.
• :view virtual view message, wechat still sent event message，but gems will mapping to menu view page event.
• :scan virtual scan message, wechat still sent event message, but gems will mapping on scan event
• :batch_job virtual batch job message
• :location virtual location message
• :fallback default message, when no other responder can handle incoming messsage, will using fallback to handle

Transfer to customer service

class WechatsController < ActionController::Base
  # When no other responder can handle incoming message, will transfer to human customer service.
  on :fallback do |message|
    message.reply.transfer_customer_service
  end
end

Caution: do not setting default text responder if you want to using multiply human customer service, other will lead text message can not transfer.

Known Issue

• Sometime, enterprise account can not receive the menu message due to Tencent server can not resolved the DNS, so using IP as a callback URL more stable, but it's never happen for user sent text message.
• Enterprise batch replace users using a CSV format file, but if you using the download template directly, it's not working, must open the CSV file in excel first, then save as CSV format again, seems Tencent only support Excel save as CSV file format.