diff --git a/libcontainer/container.go b/libcontainer/container.go
index b07ac53b..68291231 100644
--- a/libcontainer/container.go
+++ b/libcontainer/container.go
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ type BaseState struct {
 	// InitProcessStartTime is the init process start time in clock cycles since boot time.
 	InitProcessStartTime string `json:"init_process_start"`
 
-	// CreatedTime is the unix timestamp for the creation time of the container in UTC
-	CreatedTime time.Time `json:"created_time"`
+	// Created is the unix timestamp for the creation time of the container in UTC
+	Created time.Time `json:"created"`
 
 	// Config is the container's configuration.
 	Config configs.Config `json:"config"`
diff --git a/libcontainer/container_linux.go b/libcontainer/container_linux.go
index aaa7ee51..284e15ec 100644
--- a/libcontainer/container_linux.go
+++ b/libcontainer/container_linux.go
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ type linuxContainer struct {
 	m             sync.Mutex
 	criuVersion   int
 	state         containerState
-	createdTime   time.Time
+	created       time.Time
 }
 
 // State represents a running container's state
@@ -120,11 +120,6 @@ func (c *linuxContainer) ID() string {
 	return c.id
 }
 
-// CreatedTime returns the timestamp from when the container was CREATED
-func (c *linuxContainer) CreatedTime() time.Time {
-	return c.createdTime
-}
-
 // Config returns the container's configuration
 func (c *linuxContainer) Config() configs.Config {
 	return *c.config
@@ -198,7 +193,7 @@ func (c *linuxContainer) Start(process *Process) error {
 		return newSystemError(err)
 	}
 	// generate a timestamp indicating when the container was started
-	c.createdTime = time.Now().UTC()
+	c.created = time.Now().UTC()
 
 	c.state = &runningState{
 		c: c,
@@ -1053,7 +1048,7 @@ func (c *linuxContainer) currentState() (*State, error) {
 			Config:               *c.config,
 			InitProcessPid:       pid,
 			InitProcessStartTime: startTime,
-			CreatedTime:          c.createdTime,
+			Created:              c.created,
 		},
 		CgroupPaths:         c.cgroupManager.GetPaths(),
 		NamespacePaths:      make(map[configs.NamespaceType]string),
diff --git a/libcontainer/factory_linux.go b/libcontainer/factory_linux.go
index f5973836..9a282cf5 100644
--- a/libcontainer/factory_linux.go
+++ b/libcontainer/factory_linux.go
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ func (l *LinuxFactory) Load(id string) (Container, error) {
 		criuPath:      l.CriuPath,
 		cgroupManager: l.NewCgroupsManager(state.Config.Cgroups, state.CgroupPaths),
 		root:          containerRoot,
-		createdTime:   state.CreatedTime,
+		created:       state.Created,
 	}
 	c.state = &createdState{c: c, s: Created}
 	if err := c.refreshState(); err != nil {
diff --git a/list.go b/list.go
index 96fa67e7..484d2bce 100644
--- a/list.go
+++ b/list.go
@@ -12,72 +12,60 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/Sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
+	"github.com/opencontainers/runc/libcontainer"
 )
 
 var listCommand = cli.Command{
 	Name:  "list",
 	Usage: "lists containers started by runc with the given root",
 	Action: func(context *cli.Context) {
-
-		// preload the container factory
-		if factory == nil {
-			err := factoryPreload(context)
-			if err != nil {
-				logrus.Fatal(err)
-				return
-			}
+		factory, err := loadFactory(context)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
-
 		// get the list of containers
 		root := context.GlobalString("root")
 		absRoot, err := filepath.Abs(root)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
-			return
 		}
 		list, err := ioutil.ReadDir(absRoot)
-
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
 		w := tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 12, 1, 3, ' ', 0)
 		fmt.Fprint(w, "ID\tPID\tSTATUS\tCREATED\n")
-
 		// output containers
 		for _, item := range list {
-			switch {
-			case !item.IsDir():
-				// do nothing with misc files in the containers directory
-			case item.IsDir():
-				outputListInfo(item.Name(), w)
+			if item.IsDir() {
+				if err := outputListInfo(item.Name(), factory, w); err != nil {
+					logrus.Fatal(err)
+				}
 			}
 		}
-
 		if err := w.Flush(); err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 	},
 }
 
-func outputListInfo(id string, w *tabwriter.Writer) {
+func outputListInfo(id string, factory libcontainer.Factory, w *tabwriter.Writer) error {
 	container, err := factory.Load(id)
 	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Fatal(err)
-		return
+		return err
 	}
-
 	containerStatus, err := container.Status()
 	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Fatal(err)
-		return
+		return err
 	}
-
 	state, err := container.State()
 	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Fatal(err)
-		return
+		return err
 	}
-
-	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\n", container.ID(),
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\n",
+		container.ID(),
 		state.BaseState.InitProcessPid,
 		containerStatus.String(),
-		state.BaseState.CreatedTime.Format(time.RFC3339Nano))
-
+		state.BaseState.Created.Format(time.RFC3339Nano))
+	return nil
 }
diff --git a/utils.go b/utils.go
index baffef18..c6a8fde7 100644
--- a/utils.go
+++ b/utils.go
@@ -86,17 +86,6 @@ func containerPreload(context *cli.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-var factory libcontainer.Factory
-
-func factoryPreload(context *cli.Context) error {
-	f, err := loadFactory(context)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	factory = f
-	return nil
-}
-
 // loadFactory returns the configured factory instance for execing containers.
 func loadFactory(context *cli.Context) (libcontainer.Factory, error) {
 	root := context.GlobalString("root")