diff --git a/changelog/3843.bugfix.rst b/changelog/3843.bugfix.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3186c3fc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/3843.bugfix.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix collection error when specifying test functions directly in the command line using ``test.py::test`` syntax together with ``--doctest-module``.
diff --git a/src/_pytest/main.py b/src/_pytest/main.py
index eae0bb255..947c6aa4b 100644
--- a/src/_pytest/main.py
+++ b/src/_pytest/main.py
@@ -625,11 +625,12 @@ class Session(nodes.FSCollector):
                     resultnodes.append(node)
                 continue
             assert isinstance(node, nodes.Collector)
-            if node.nodeid in self._node_cache:
-                rep = self._node_cache[node.nodeid]
+            key = (type(node), node.nodeid)
+            if key in self._node_cache:
+                rep = self._node_cache[key]
             else:
                 rep = collect_one_node(node)
-                self._node_cache[node.nodeid] = rep
+                self._node_cache[key] = rep
             if rep.passed:
                 has_matched = False
                 for x in rep.result:
diff --git a/testing/acceptance_test.py b/testing/acceptance_test.py
index bc4e3bed8..5d6baf121 100644
--- a/testing/acceptance_test.py
+++ b/testing/acceptance_test.py
@@ -660,6 +660,16 @@ class TestInvocationVariants(object):
             ["*test_world.py::test_other*PASSED*", "*1 passed*"]
         )
 
+    def test_invoke_test_and_doctestmodules(self, testdir):
+        p = testdir.makepyfile(
+            """
+            def test():
+                pass
+        """
+        )
+        result = testdir.runpytest(str(p) + "::test", "--doctest-modules")
+        result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*1 passed*"])
+
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not hasattr(os, "symlink"), reason="requires symlinks")
     def test_cmdline_python_package_symlink(self, testdir, monkeypatch):
         """