448 lines
17 KiB
Groff
448 lines
17 KiB
Groff
.\"***************************************************************************
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.\" Copyright 2018,2020 Thomas E. Dickey *
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.\" Copyright 1998-2016,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
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.\" *
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.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
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.\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the *
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.\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including *
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.\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, *
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.\" distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell *
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.\" copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is *
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.\" furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: *
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.\" *
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.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included *
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.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. *
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.\" *
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.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS *
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.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF *
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. *
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, *
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.\" DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR *
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.\" OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR *
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.\" THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. *
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.\" *
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.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright *
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.\" holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the *
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.\" sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written *
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.\" authorization. *
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.\"***************************************************************************
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.\"
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.\" $Id: tset.1,v 1.55 2020/02/02 23:34:34 tom Exp $
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.TH @TSET@ 1 ""
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.ie \n(.g .ds `` \(lq
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.el .ds `` ``
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.ie \n(.g .ds '' \(rq
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.el .ds '' ''
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.de bP
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.ie n .IP \(bu 4
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.el .IP \(bu 2
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..
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.SH NAME
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\fB@TSET@\fR, \fB@RESET@\fR \- terminal initialization
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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\fB@TSET@\fR [\fB\-IQVcqrsw\fR] [\fB\-\fR] [\fB\-e\fR \fIch\fR] [\fB\-i\fR \fIch\fR] [\fB\-k\fR \fIch\fR] [\fB\-m\fR \fImapping\fR] [\fIterminal\fR]
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.br
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\fB@RESET@\fR [\fB\-IQVcqrsw\fR] [\fB\-\fR] [\fB\-e\fR \fIch\fR] [\fB\-i\fR \fIch\fR] [\fB\-k\fR \fIch\fR] [\fB\-m\fR \fImapping\fR] [\fIterminal\fR]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.SS tset - initialization
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This program initializes terminals.
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.PP
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First, \fB@TSET@\fR retrieves the current terminal mode settings
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for your terminal.
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It does this by successively testing
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.bP
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the standard error,
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.bP
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standard output,
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.bP
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standard input and
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.bP
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ultimately \*(``/dev/tty\*(''
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.PP
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to obtain terminal settings.
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Having retrieved these settings, \fB@TSET@\fP remembers which
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file descriptor to use when updating settings.
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.PP
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Next, \fB@TSET@\fP determines the type of terminal that you are using.
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This determination is done as follows, using the first terminal type found.
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.PP
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1. The \fBterminal\fR argument specified on the command line.
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.PP
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2. The value of the \fBTERM\fR environmental variable.
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.PP
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3. (BSD systems only.) The terminal type associated with the standard
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error output device in the \fI/etc/ttys\fR file.
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(On System\-V-like UNIXes and systems using that convention,
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\fIgetty\fR does this job by setting
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\fBTERM\fR according to the type passed to it by \fI/etc/inittab\fR.)
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.PP
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4. The default terminal type, \*(``unknown\*(''.
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.PP
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If the terminal type was not specified on the command-line, the \fB\-m\fR
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option mappings are then applied (see the section
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.B TERMINAL TYPE MAPPING
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for more information).
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Then, if the terminal type begins with a question mark (\*(``?\*(''), the
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user is prompted for confirmation of the terminal type.
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An empty
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response confirms the type, or, another type can be entered to specify
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a new type.
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Once the terminal type has been determined,
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the terminal description for the terminal is retrieved.
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If no terminal description is found
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for the type, the user is prompted for another terminal type.
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.PP
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Once the terminal description is retrieved,
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.bP
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if the \*(``\fB\-w\fP\*('' option is enabled, \fB@TSET@\fP may update
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the terminal's window size.
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.IP
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If the window size cannot be obtained from the operating system,
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but the terminal description (or environment, e.g., \fBLINES\fP
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and \fBCOLUMNS\fP variables specify this),
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use this to set the operating system's notion of the window size.
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.bP
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if the \*(``\fB\-c\fP\*('' option is enabled,
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the backspace, interrupt and line kill characters
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(among many other things) are set
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.bP
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unless the \*(``\fB\-I\fP\*('' option is enabled,
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the terminal
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and tab \fIinitialization\fP strings are sent to the standard error output,
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and \fB@TSET@\fP waits one second (in case a hardware reset was issued).
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.bP
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Finally, if the erase, interrupt and line kill characters have changed,
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or are not set to their default values, their values are displayed to the
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standard error output.
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.SS reset - reinitialization
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.PP
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When invoked as \fB@RESET@\fR, \fB@TSET@\fR sets the terminal
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modes to \*(``sane\*('' values:
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.bP
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sets cooked and echo modes,
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.bP
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turns off cbreak and raw modes,
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.bP
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turns on newline translation and
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.bP
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resets any unset special characters to their default values
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.PP
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before
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doing the terminal initialization described above.
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Also, rather than using the terminal \fIinitialization\fP strings,
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it uses the terminal \fIreset\fP strings.
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.PP
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The \fB@RESET@\fP command is useful
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after a program dies leaving a terminal in an abnormal state:
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.bP
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you may have to type
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.sp
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\fI<LF>\fP\fB@RESET@\fP\fI<LF>\fP
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.sp
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(the line-feed character is normally control-J) to get the terminal
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to work, as carriage-return may no longer work in the abnormal state.
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.bP
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Also, the terminal will often not echo the command.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.PP
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The options are as follows:
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.TP 5
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.B \-c
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Set control characters and modes.
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.TP 5
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.B \-e
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Set the erase character to \fIch\fR.
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.TP
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.B \-I
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Do not send the terminal or tab initialization strings to the terminal.
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.TP
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.B \-i
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Set the interrupt character to \fIch\fR.
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.TP
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.B \-k
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Set the line kill character to \fIch\fR.
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.TP
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.B \-m
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Specify a mapping from a port type to a terminal.
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See the section
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.B TERMINAL TYPE MAPPING
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for more information.
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.TP
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.B \-Q
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Do not display any values for the erase, interrupt and line kill characters.
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Normally \fB@TSET@\fR displays the values for control characters which
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differ from the system's default values.
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.TP
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.B \-q
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The terminal type is displayed to the standard output, and the terminal is
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not initialized in any way.
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The option \*(``\-\*('' by itself is equivalent but archaic.
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.TP
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.B \-r
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Print the terminal type to the standard error output.
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.TP
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.B \-s
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Print the sequence of shell commands to initialize the environment variable
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\fBTERM\fR to the standard output.
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See the section
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.B SETTING THE ENVIRONMENT
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for details.
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.TP
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.B \-V
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reports the version of ncurses which was used in this program, and exits.
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.TP
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.B \-w
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Resize the window to match the size deduced via \fBsetupterm\fP(3X).
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Normally this has no effect,
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unless \fBsetupterm\fP is not able to detect the window size.
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.PP
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The arguments for the \fB\-e\fR, \fB\-i\fR, and \fB\-k\fR
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options may either be entered as actual characters
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or by using the \*(``hat\*(''
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notation, i.e., control-h may be specified as \*(``^H\*('' or \*(``^h\*(''.
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.PP
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If neither \fB\-c\fP or \fB\-w\fP is given, both options are assumed.
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.
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.SH SETTING THE ENVIRONMENT
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It is often desirable to enter the terminal type and information about
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the terminal's capabilities into the shell's environment.
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This is done using the \fB\-s\fR option.
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.PP
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When the \fB\-s\fR option is specified, the commands to enter the information
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into the shell's environment are written to the standard output.
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If
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the \fBSHELL\fR environmental variable ends in \*(``csh\*('', the commands
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are for \fBcsh\fR, otherwise, they are for \fBsh\fR.
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Note, the \fBcsh\fR commands set and unset the shell variable
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\fBnoglob\fR, leaving it unset.
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The following line in the \fB.login\fR
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or \fB.profile\fR files will initialize the environment correctly:
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.sp
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eval \`@TSET@ \-s options ... \`
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.
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.SH TERMINAL TYPE MAPPING
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When the terminal is not hardwired into the system (or the current
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system information is incorrect) the terminal type derived from the
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\fI/etc/ttys\fR file or the \fBTERM\fR environmental variable is often
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something generic like \fBnetwork\fR, \fBdialup\fR, or \fBunknown\fR.
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When \fB@TSET@\fR is used in a startup script it is often desirable to
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provide information about the type of terminal used on such ports.
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.PP
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The \fB\-m\fR options maps
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from some set of conditions to a terminal type, that is, to
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tell \fB@TSET@\fR
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\*(``If I'm on this port at a particular speed,
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guess that I'm on that kind of terminal\*(''.
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.PP
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The argument to the \fB\-m\fR option consists of an optional port type, an
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optional operator, an optional baud rate specification, an optional
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colon (\*(``:\*('') character and a terminal type.
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The port type is a
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string (delimited by either the operator or the colon character).
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The operator may be any combination of
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\*(``>\*('',
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\*(``<\*('',
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\*(``@\*('',
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and \*(``!\*('';
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\*(``>\*('' means greater than,
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\*(``<\*('' means less than,
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\*(``@\*('' means equal to and
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\*(``!\*('' inverts the sense of the test.
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The baud rate is specified as a number and is compared with the speed
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of the standard error output (which should be the control terminal).
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The terminal type is a string.
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.PP
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If the terminal type is not specified on the command line, the \fB\-m\fR
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mappings are applied to the terminal type.
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If the port type and baud
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rate match the mapping, the terminal type specified in the mapping
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replaces the current type.
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If more than one mapping is specified, the
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first applicable mapping is used.
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.PP
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For example, consider the following mapping: \fBdialup>9600:vt100\fR.
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The port type is dialup , the operator is >, the baud rate
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specification is 9600, and the terminal type is vt100.
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The result of
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this mapping is to specify that if the terminal type is \fBdialup\fR,
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and the baud rate is greater than 9600 baud, a terminal type of
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\fBvt100\fR will be used.
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.PP
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If no baud rate is specified, the terminal type will match any baud rate.
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If no port type is specified, the terminal type will match any port type.
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For example, \fB\-m dialup:vt100 \-m :?xterm\fR
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will cause any dialup port, regardless of baud rate, to match the terminal
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type vt100, and any non-dialup port type to match the terminal type ?xterm.
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Note, because of the leading question mark, the user will be
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queried on a default port as to whether they are actually using an xterm
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terminal.
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.PP
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No whitespace characters are permitted in the \fB\-m\fR option argument.
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Also, to avoid problems with meta-characters, it is suggested that the
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entire \fB\-m\fR option argument be placed within single quote characters,
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and that \fBcsh\fR users insert a backslash character (\*(``\e\*('') before
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any exclamation marks (\*(``!\*('').
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.SH HISTORY
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.PP
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A \fBreset\fP command appeared in 2BSD (April 1979), written by Kurt Shoens.
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This program set the \fIerase\fP and \fIkill\fP characters
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to \fB^H\fP (backspace) and \fB@\fP respectively.
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Mark Horton improved that in 3BSD (October 1979), adding
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\fIintr\fP, \fIquit\fP, \fIstart\fP/\fIstop\fP and \fIeof\fP characters
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as well as changing the program to avoid modifying any user settings.
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.PP
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Later in 4.1BSD (December 1980),
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Mark Horton added a call to the \fBtset\fP program
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using the \fB\-I\fP and \fB\-Q\fP options, i.e.,
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using that to improve the terminal modes.
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With those options,
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that version of \fBreset\fP did not use the termcap database.
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.PP
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A separate \fBtset\fP command was provided in 2BSD by Eric Allman.
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While the oldest published source (from 1979)
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provides both \fBtset\fP and \fBreset\fP,
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Allman's comments in the 2BSD source code indicate
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that he began work in October 1977,
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continuing development over the next few years.
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.PP
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In September 1980, Eric Allman modified \fBtset\fP,
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adding the code from the existing \*(``reset\*(''
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feature when \fBtset\fP was invoked as \fBreset\fP.
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Rather than simply copying the existing program,
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in this merged version, \fBtset\fP used the termcap database
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to do additional (re)initialization of the terminal.
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This version appeared in 4.1cBSD, late in 1982.
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.PP
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Other developers (e.g., Keith Bostic and Jim Bloom)
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continued to modify \fBtset\fP until 4.4BSD was released in 1993.
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.PP
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The \fBncurses\fR implementation
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was lightly adapted from the 4.4BSD sources for a terminfo environment by Eric
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S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com>.
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.SH COMPATIBILITY
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.PP
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Neither IEEE Std 1003.1/The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7
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(POSIX.1-2008) nor
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X/Open Curses Issue 7 documents \fB@TSET@\fP or \fB@RESET@\fP.
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.PP
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The AT&T \fBtput\fP utility (AIX, HPUX, Solaris)
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incorporated the terminal-mode manipulation as well as termcap-based features
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such as resetting tabstops from \fBtset\fP in BSD (4.1c),
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presumably with the intention of making \fBtset\fP obsolete.
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However, each of those systems still provides \fBtset\fP.
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In fact, the commonly-used \fBreset\fP utility
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is always an alias for \fBtset\fP.
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.PP
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The \fB@TSET@\fR utility provides for backward-compatibility with BSD
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environments (under most modern UNIXes, \fB/etc/inittab\fR and \fBgetty\fR(1)
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can set \fBTERM\fR appropriately for each dial-up line; this obviates what was
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\fB@TSET@\fR's most important use).
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This implementation behaves like 4.4BSD
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\fBtset\fP, with a few exceptions specified here.
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.PP
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A few options are different
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because the \fBTERMCAP\fR variable
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is no longer supported under terminfo-based \fBncurses\fR:
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.bP
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The \fB\-S\fR option of BSD \fBtset\fP no longer works;
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it prints an error message to the standard error and dies.
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.bP
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The \fB\-s\fR option only sets \fBTERM\fR, not \fBTERMCAP\fP.
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.PP
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There was an undocumented 4.4BSD feature
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that invoking \fBtset\fP via a link named
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\*(``TSET\*('' (or via any other name beginning with an upper-case letter)
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set the terminal to use upper-case only.
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This feature has been omitted.
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.PP
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The \fB\-A\fR, \fB\-E\fR, \fB\-h\fR, \fB\-u\fR and \fB\-v\fR
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options were deleted from the \fB@TSET@\fR
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utility in 4.4BSD.
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None of them were documented in 4.3BSD and all are
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of limited utility at best.
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The \fB\-a\fR, \fB\-d\fR, and \fB\-p\fR options are similarly
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not documented or useful, but were retained as they appear to be in
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widespread use.
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It is strongly recommended that any usage of these
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three options be changed to use the \fB\-m\fR option instead.
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The \fB\-a\fP, \fB\-d\fP, and \fB\-p\fR options
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are therefore omitted from the usage summary above.
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.PP
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Very old systems, e.g., 3BSD, used a different terminal driver which
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was replaced in 4BSD in the early 1980s.
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To accommodate these older systems, the 4BSD \fB@TSET@\fP provided a
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\fB\-n\fP option to specify that the new terminal driver should be used.
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This implementation does not provide that choice.
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.PP
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It is still permissible to specify the \fB\-e\fR, \fB\-i\fR,
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and \fB\-k\fR options without arguments,
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although it is strongly recommended that such usage be fixed to
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explicitly specify the character.
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.PP
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As of 4.4BSD,
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executing \fB@TSET@\fR as \fB@RESET@\fR no longer implies the \fB\-Q\fR option.
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Also, the interaction between the \- option and the \fIterminal\fR
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argument in some historic implementations of \fB@TSET@\fR has been removed.
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.PP
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The \fB\-c\fP and \fB\-w\fP options are not found in earlier implementations.
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However, a different window size-change feature was provided in 4.4BSD.
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.bP
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In 4.4BSD, \fBtset\fP uses the window size from the termcap description
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to set the window size if \fBtset\fP is not able to obtain the window
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size from the operating system.
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.bP
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In ncurses, \fB@TSET@\fR obtains the window size using
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\fBsetupterm\fP, which may be from
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the operating system,
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the \fBLINES\fP and \fBCOLUMNS\fP environment variables or
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the terminal description.
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.PP
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Obtaining the window size from the terminal description is common to
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both implementations, but considered obsolescent.
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Its only practical use is for hardware terminals.
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Generally speaking, a window size would be unset only if there were
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some problem obtaining the value from the operating system
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(and \fBsetupterm\fP would still fail).
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For that reason, the \fBLINES\fP and \fBCOLUMNS\fP environment variables
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may be useful for working around window-size problems.
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Those have the drawback that if the window is resized,
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those variables must be recomputed and reassigned.
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To do this more easily, use the \fBresize\fP(1) program.
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.SH ENVIRONMENT
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The \fB@TSET@\fR command uses these environment variables:
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.TP 5
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SHELL
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tells \fB@TSET@\fP whether to initialize \fBTERM\fP using \fBsh\fP or
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\fBcsh\fP syntax.
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.TP 5
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TERM
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Denotes your terminal type.
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Each terminal type is distinct, though many are similar.
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.TP 5
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TERMCAP
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may denote the location of a termcap database.
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If it is not an absolute pathname, e.g., begins with a \*(``/\*('',
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\fB@TSET@\fP removes the variable from the environment before looking
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for the terminal description.
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.SH FILES
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.TP 5
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/etc/ttys
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system port name to terminal type mapping database (BSD versions only).
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.TP
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@TERMINFO@
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terminal capability database
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.hy 0
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\fBcsh\fP(1),
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\fBsh\fP(1),
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\fBstty\fP(1),
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\fBcurs_terminfo\fP(3X),
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\fBtty\fP(4),
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\fBterminfo\fP(5),
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\fBttys\fP(5),
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\fBenviron\fP(7)
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|
.hy
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|
.PP
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|
This describes \fBncurses\fR
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version @NCURSES_MAJOR@.@NCURSES_MINOR@ (patch @NCURSES_PATCH@).
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