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Fixed #16949 -- Fixed a small typo in the GIS tutorial and also made some minor PEP8 fixes and added some code-block directives while I was at it. Thanks to jgomo3 for the report. 

git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@16911 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
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Julien Phalip 2011-09-28 14:00:43 +00:00
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docs/ref/contrib/gis/tutorial.txt
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@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ Introduction
GeoDjango is an add-on for Django that turns it into a world-class geographic
Web framework. GeoDjango strives to make it as simple as possible to create
geographic Web applications, like location-based services. Some features include:
geographic Web applications, like location-based services. Some features
include:
* Django model fields for `OGC`_ geometries.
* Extensions to Django's ORM for the querying and manipulation of spatial data.
@ -16,8 +17,8 @@ geographic Web applications, like location-based services. Some features includ
* Editing of geometry fields inside the admin.
This tutorial assumes a familiarity with Django; thus, if you're brand new to
Django please read through the :doc:`regular tutorial </intro/tutorial01>` to introduce
yourself with basic Django concepts.
Django please read through the :doc:`regular tutorial </intro/tutorial01>` to
introduce yourself with basic Django concepts.
.. note::
@ -52,7 +53,10 @@ Create a Spatial Database
First, a spatial database needs to be created for our project. If using
PostgreSQL and PostGIS, then the following commands will
create the database from a :ref:`spatial database template <spatialdb_template>`::
create the database from a :ref:`spatial database template
<spatialdb_template>`:
.. code-block:: bash
$ createdb -T template_postgis geodjango
@ -60,7 +64,9 @@ create the database from a :ref:`spatial database template <spatialdb_template>`
This command must be issued by a database user that has permissions to
create a database. Here is an example set of commands to create such
a user::
a user:
.. code-block:: bash
$ sudo su - postgres
$ createuser --createdb geo
@ -76,12 +82,17 @@ to create a :ref:`SpatiaLite database <create_spatialite_db>`.
Create GeoDjango Project
------------------------
Use the ``django-admin.py`` script like normal to create a ``geodjango`` project::
Use the ``django-admin.py`` script like normal to create a ``geodjango``
project:
.. code-block:: bash
$ django-admin.py startproject geodjango
With the project initialized, now create a ``world`` Django application within
the ``geodjango`` project::
the ``geodjango`` project:
.. code-block:: bash
$ cd geodjango
$ python manage.py startapp world
@ -89,7 +100,7 @@ the ``geodjango`` project::
Configure ``settings.py``
-------------------------
The ``geodjango`` project settings are stored in the ``settings.py`` file. Edit
The ``geodjango`` project settings are stored in the ``settings.py`` file. Edit
the database connection settings appropriately::
DATABASES = {
@ -126,9 +137,11 @@ Geographic Data
World Borders
-------------
The world borders data is available in this `zip file`__. Create a data directory
in the ``world`` application, download the world borders data, and unzip.
On GNU/Linux platforms the following commands should do it::
The world borders data is available in this `zip file`__. Create a data
directory in the ``world`` application, download the world borders data, and
unzip. On GNU/Linux platforms the following commands should do it:
.. code-block:: bash
$ mkdir world/data
$ cd world/data
@ -138,7 +151,8 @@ On GNU/Linux platforms the following commands should do it::
The world borders ZIP file contains a set of data files collectively known as
an `ESRI Shapefile`__, one of the most popular geospatial data formats. When
unzipped the world borders data set includes files with the following extensions:
unzipped the world borders data set includes files with the following
extensions:
* ``.shp``: Holds the vector data for the world borders geometries.
* ``.shx``: Spatial index file for geometries stored in the ``.shp``.
@ -154,7 +168,9 @@ Use ``ogrinfo`` to examine spatial data
---------------------------------------
The GDAL ``ogrinfo`` utility is excellent for examining metadata about
shapefiles (or other vector data sources)::
shapefiles (or other vector data sources):
.. code-block:: bash
$ ogrinfo world/data/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp
INFO: Open of `world/data/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp'
@ -163,7 +179,9 @@ shapefiles (or other vector data sources)::
Here ``ogrinfo`` is telling us that the shapefile has one layer, and that
layer contains polygon data. To find out more we'll specify the layer name
and use the ``-so`` option to get only important summary information::
and use the ``-so`` option to get only important summary information:
.. code-block:: bash
$ ogrinfo -so world/data/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3
INFO: Open of `world/data/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp'
@ -197,8 +215,8 @@ as well as detailed information for each attribute field. For example,
``FIPS: String (2.0)`` indicates that there's a ``FIPS`` character field
with a maximum length of 2; similarly, ``LON: Real (8.3)`` is a floating-point
field that holds a maximum of 8 digits up to three decimal places. Although
this information may be found right on the `world borders`_ Web site, this shows
you how to determine this information yourself when such metadata is not
this information may be found right on the `world borders`_ Web site, this
shows you how to determine this information yourself when such metadata is not
provided.
Geographic Models
@ -243,24 +261,27 @@ Two important things to note:
:class:`~django.contrib.gis.db.models.GeoManager`; this is *required*
to perform spatial queries.
When declaring a geometry field on your model the default spatial reference system
is WGS84 (meaning the `SRID`__ is 4326) -- in other words, the field coordinates are in
longitude/latitude pairs in units of degrees. If you want the coordinate system to be
different, then SRID of the geometry field may be customized by setting the ``srid``
with an integer corresponding to the coordinate system of your choice.
When declaring a geometry field on your model the default spatial reference
system is WGS84 (meaning the `SRID`__ is 4326) -- in other words, the field
coordinates are in longitude/latitude pairs in units of degrees. If you want
the coordinate system to be different, then SRID of the geometry field may be
customized by setting the ``srid`` with an integer corresponding to the
coordinate system of your choice.
__ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRID
Run ``syncdb``
--------------
After you've defined your model, it needs to be synced with the spatial database.
First, let's look at the SQL that will generate the table for the ``WorldBorder``
model::
After you've defined your model, it needs to be synced with the spatial
database. First, let's look at the SQL that will generate the table for the
``WorldBorder`` model::
$ python manage.py sqlall world
This management command should produce the following output::
This management command should produce the following output:
.. code-block:: sql
BEGIN;
CREATE TABLE "world_worldborders" (
@ -290,18 +311,19 @@ If satisfied, you may then create this table in the database by running the
Creating table world_worldborders
Installing custom SQL for world.WorldBorder model
The ``syncdb`` command may also prompt you to create an admin user; go ahead and
do so (not required now, may be done at any point in the future using the
The ``syncdb`` command may also prompt you to create an admin user; go ahead
and do so (not required now, may be done at any point in the future using the
``createsuperuser`` management command).
Importing Spatial Data
======================
This section will show you how to take the data from the world borders
shapefile and import it into GeoDjango models using the :ref:`ref-layermapping`.
There are many different different ways to import data in to a
spatial database -- besides the tools included within GeoDjango, you
may also use the following to populate your spatial database:
shapefile and import it into GeoDjango models using the
:ref:`ref-layermapping`.
There are many different ways to import data in to a spatial database --
besides the tools included within GeoDjango, you may also use the following to
populate your spatial database:
* `ogr2ogr`_: Command-line utility, included with GDAL, that
supports loading a multitude of vector data formats into
@ -322,7 +344,9 @@ shapefile. Included within GeoDjango is an interface to GDAL's powerful OGR
library -- in other words, you'll be able explore all the vector data sources
that OGR supports via a Pythonic API.
First, invoke the Django shell::
First, invoke the Django shell:
.. code-block:: bash
$ python manage.py shell
@ -385,7 +409,8 @@ system associated with it -- if it does, the ``srs`` attribute will return a
'+proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs '
Here we've noticed that the shapefile is in the popular WGS84 spatial reference
system -- in other words, the data uses units of degrees longitude and latitude.
system -- in other words, the data uses units of degrees longitude and
latitude.
In addition, shapefiles also support attribute fields that may contain
additional data. Here are the fields on the World Borders layer:
@ -484,7 +509,9 @@ A few notes about what's going on:
the shapefile. This ensures that string values are read and saved correctly
from their original encoding system.
Afterwards, invoke the Django shell from the ``geodjango`` project directory::
Afterwards, invoke the Django shell from the ``geodjango`` project directory:
.. code-block:: bash
$ python manage.py shell
@ -502,10 +529,12 @@ Try ``ogrinspect``
Now that you've seen how to define geographic models and import data with the
:ref:`ref-layermapping`, it's possible to further automate this process with
use of the :djadmin:`ogrinspect` management command. The :djadmin:`ogrinspect`
command introspects a GDAL-supported vector data source (e.g., a shapefile) and
generates a model definition and ``LayerMapping`` dictionary automatically.
command introspects a GDAL-supported vector data source (e.g., a shapefile)
and generates a model definition and ``LayerMapping`` dictionary automatically.
The general usage of the command goes as follows::
The general usage of the command goes as follows:
.. code-block:: bash
$ python manage.py ogrinspect [options] <data_source> <model_name> [options]
@ -514,7 +543,9 @@ Where ``data_source`` is the path to the GDAL-supported data source and
be used to further define how the model is generated.
For example, the following command nearly reproduces the ``WorldBorder`` model
and mapping dictionary created above, automatically::
and mapping dictionary created above, automatically:
.. code-block:: bash
$ python manage.py ogrinspect world/data/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp WorldBorder --srid=4326 --mapping --multi
@ -522,7 +553,8 @@ A few notes about the command-line options given above:
* The ``--srid=4326`` option sets the SRID for the geographic field.
* The ``--mapping`` option tells ``ogrinspect`` to also generate a
mapping dictionary for use with :class:`~django.contrib.gis.utils.LayerMapping`.
mapping dictionary for use with
:class:`~django.contrib.gis.utils.LayerMapping`.
* The ``--multi`` option is specified so that the geographic field is a
:class:`~django.contrib.gis.db.models.MultiPolygonField` instead of just a
:class:`~django.contrib.gis.db.models.PolygonField`.
@ -571,7 +603,9 @@ Spatial Lookups
---------------
GeoDjango extends the Django ORM and allows the use of spatial lookups.
Let's do an example where we find the ``WorldBorder`` model that contains
a point. First, fire up the management shell::
a point. First, fire up the management shell:
.. code-block:: bash
$ python manage.py shell
@ -592,8 +626,8 @@ a ``contains`` lookup using the ``pnt_wkt`` as the parameter::
Here we retrieved a ``GeoQuerySet`` that has only one model: the one
for the United States (which is what we would expect). Similarly,
a :ref:`GEOS geometry object <ref-geos>` may also be used -- here the ``intersects``
spatial lookup is combined with the ``get`` method to retrieve
a :ref:`GEOS geometry object <ref-geos>` may also be used -- here the
``intersects`` spatial lookup is combined with the ``get`` method to retrieve
only the ``WorldBorder`` instance for San Marino instead of a queryset::
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import Point
@ -641,9 +675,9 @@ __ http://spatialreference.org/ref/epsg/32140/
Lazy Geometries
---------------
Geometries come to GeoDjango in a standardized textual representation. Upon
access of the geometry field, GeoDjango creates a `GEOS geometry object <ref-geos>`,
exposing powerful functionality, such as serialization properties for
popular geospatial formats::
access of the geometry field, GeoDjango creates a `GEOS geometry object
<ref-geos>`, exposing powerful functionality, such as serialization properties
for popular geospatial formats::
>>> sm = WorldBorder.objects.get(name='San Marino')
>>> sm.mpoly
@ -706,7 +740,9 @@ as follows::
(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)
Start up the Django development server::
Start up the Django development server:
.. code-block:: bash
$ python manage.py runserver