import threading import time from unittest import mock from multiple_database.routers import TestRouter from django.core.exceptions import FieldError from django.db import ( DatabaseError, NotSupportedError, connection, connections, router, transaction, ) from django.test import ( TransactionTestCase, override_settings, skipIfDBFeature, skipUnlessDBFeature, ) from django.test.utils import CaptureQueriesContext from .models import City, Country, EUCity, EUCountry, Person, PersonProfile class SelectForUpdateTests(TransactionTestCase): available_apps = ['select_for_update'] def setUp(self): # This is executed in autocommit mode so that code in # run_select_for_update can see this data. self.country1 = Country.objects.create(name='Belgium') self.country2 = Country.objects.create(name='France') self.city1 = City.objects.create(name='Liberchies', country=self.country1) self.city2 = City.objects.create(name='Samois-sur-Seine', country=self.country2) self.person = Person.objects.create(name='Reinhardt', born=self.city1, died=self.city2) self.person_profile = PersonProfile.objects.create(person=self.person) # We need another database connection in transaction to test that one # connection issuing a SELECT ... FOR UPDATE will block. self.new_connection = connection.copy() def tearDown(self): try: self.end_blocking_transaction() except (DatabaseError, AttributeError): pass self.new_connection.close() def start_blocking_transaction(self): self.new_connection.set_autocommit(False) # Start a blocking transaction. At some point, # end_blocking_transaction() should be called. self.cursor = self.new_connection.cursor() sql = 'SELECT * FROM %(db_table)s %(for_update)s;' % { 'db_table': Person._meta.db_table, 'for_update': self.new_connection.ops.for_update_sql(), } self.cursor.execute(sql, ()) self.cursor.fetchone() def end_blocking_transaction(self): # Roll back the blocking transaction. self.cursor.close() self.new_connection.rollback() self.new_connection.set_autocommit(True) def has_for_update_sql(self, queries, **kwargs): # Examine the SQL that was executed to determine whether it # contains the 'SELECT..FOR UPDATE' stanza. for_update_sql = connection.ops.for_update_sql(**kwargs) return any(for_update_sql in query['sql'] for query in queries) @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update') def test_for_update_sql_generated(self): """ The backend's FOR UPDATE variant appears in generated SQL when select_for_update is invoked. """ with transaction.atomic(), CaptureQueriesContext(connection) as ctx: list(Person.objects.all().select_for_update()) self.assertTrue(self.has_for_update_sql(ctx.captured_queries)) @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update_nowait') def test_for_update_sql_generated_nowait(self): """ The backend's FOR UPDATE NOWAIT variant appears in generated SQL when select_for_update is invoked. """ with transaction.atomic(), CaptureQueriesContext(connection) as ctx: list(Person.objects.all().select_for_update(nowait=True)) self.assertTrue(self.has_for_update_sql(ctx.captured_queries, nowait=True)) @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update_skip_locked') def test_for_update_sql_generated_skip_locked(self): """ The backend's FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED variant appears in generated SQL when select_for_update is invoked. """ with transaction.atomic(), CaptureQueriesContext(connection) as ctx: list(Person.objects.all().select_for_update(skip_locked=True)) self.assertTrue(self.has_for_update_sql(ctx.captured_queries, skip_locked=True)) @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update_of') def test_for_update_sql_generated_of(self): """ The backend's FOR UPDATE OF variant appears in the generated SQL when select_for_update() is invoked. """ with transaction.atomic(), CaptureQueriesContext(connection) as ctx: list(Person.objects.select_related( 'born__country', ).select_for_update( of=('born__country',), ).select_for_update( of=('self', 'born__country') )) features = connections['default'].features if features.select_for_update_of_column: expected = ['select_for_update_person"."id', 'select_for_update_country"."id'] else: expected = ['select_for_update_person', 'select_for_update_country'] expected = [connection.ops.quote_name(value) for value in expected] self.assertTrue(self.has_for_update_sql(ctx.captured_queries, of=expected)) @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update_of') def test_for_update_sql_model_inheritance_generated_of(self): with transaction.atomic(), CaptureQueriesContext(connection) as ctx: list(EUCountry.objects.select_for_update(of=('self',))) if connection.features.select_for_update_of_column: expected = ['select_for_update_eucountry"."country_ptr_id'] else: expected = ['select_for_update_eucountry'] expected = [connection.ops.quote_name(value) for value in expected] self.assertTrue(self.has_for_update_sql(ctx.captured_queries, of=expected)) @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update_of') def test_for_update_sql_model_inheritance_ptr_generated_of(self): with transaction.atomic(), CaptureQueriesContext(connection) as ctx: list(EUCountry.objects.select_for_update(of=('self', 'country_ptr',))) if connection.features.select_for_update_of_column: expected = [ 'select_for_update_eucountry"."country_ptr_id', 'select_for_update_country"."id', ] else: expected = ['select_for_update_eucountry', 'select_for_update_country'] expected = [connection.ops.quote_name(value) for value in expected] self.assertTrue(self.has_for_update_sql(ctx.captured_queries, of=expected)) @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update_of') def test_for_update_sql_model_inheritance_nested_ptr_generated_of(self): with transaction.atomic(), CaptureQueriesContext(connection) as ctx: list(EUCity.objects.select_related('country').select_for_update( of=('self', 'country__country_ptr',), )) if connection.features.select_for_update_of_column: expected = [ 'select_for_update_eucity"."id', 'select_for_update_country"."id', ] else: expected = ['select_for_update_eucity', 'select_for_update_country'] expected = [connection.ops.quote_name(value) for value in expected] self.assertTrue(self.has_for_update_sql(ctx.captured_queries, of=expected)) @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update_of') def test_for_update_of_followed_by_values(self): with transaction.atomic(): values = list(Person.objects.select_for_update(of=('self',)).values('pk')) self.assertEqual(values, [{'pk': self.person.pk}]) @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update_of') def test_for_update_of_followed_by_values_list(self): with transaction.atomic(): values = list(Person.objects.select_for_update(of=('self',)).values_list('pk')) self.assertEqual(values, [(self.person.pk,)]) @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update_of') def test_for_update_of_self_when_self_is_not_selected(self): """ select_for_update(of=['self']) when the only columns selected are from related tables. """ with transaction.atomic(): values = list(Person.objects.select_related('born').select_for_update(of=('self',)).values('born__name')) self.assertEqual(values, [{'born__name': self.city1.name}]) @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update_nowait') def test_nowait_raises_error_on_block(self): """ If nowait is specified, we expect an error to be raised rather than blocking. """ self.start_blocking_transaction() status = [] thread = threading.Thread( target=self.run_select_for_update, args=(status,), kwargs={'nowait': True}, ) thread.start() time.sleep(1) thread.join() self.end_blocking_transaction() self.assertIsInstance(status[-1], DatabaseError) @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update_skip_locked') def test_skip_locked_skips_locked_rows(self): """ If skip_locked is specified, the locked row is skipped resulting in Person.DoesNotExist. """ self.start_blocking_transaction() status = [] thread = threading.Thread( target=self.run_select_for_update, args=(status,), kwargs={'skip_locked': True}, ) thread.start() time.sleep(1) thread.join() self.end_blocking_transaction() self.assertIsInstance(status[-1], Person.DoesNotExist) @skipIfDBFeature('has_select_for_update_nowait') @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update') def test_unsupported_nowait_raises_error(self): """ NotSupportedError is raised if a SELECT...FOR UPDATE NOWAIT is run on a database backend that supports FOR UPDATE but not NOWAIT. """ with self.assertRaisesMessage(NotSupportedError, 'NOWAIT is not supported on this database backend.'): with transaction.atomic(): Person.objects.select_for_update(nowait=True).get() @skipIfDBFeature('has_select_for_update_skip_locked') @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update') def test_unsupported_skip_locked_raises_error(self): """ NotSupportedError is raised if a SELECT...FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED is run on a database backend that supports FOR UPDATE but not SKIP LOCKED. """ with self.assertRaisesMessage(NotSupportedError, 'SKIP LOCKED is not supported on this database backend.'): with transaction.atomic(): Person.objects.select_for_update(skip_locked=True).get() @skipIfDBFeature('has_select_for_update_of') @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update') def test_unsupported_of_raises_error(self): """ NotSupportedError is raised if a SELECT...FOR UPDATE OF... is run on a database backend that supports FOR UPDATE but not OF. """ msg = 'FOR UPDATE OF is not supported on this database backend.' with self.assertRaisesMessage(NotSupportedError, msg): with transaction.atomic(): Person.objects.select_for_update(of=('self',)).get() @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update', 'has_select_for_update_of') def test_unrelated_of_argument_raises_error(self): """ FieldError is raised if a non-relation field is specified in of=(...). """ msg = ( 'Invalid field name(s) given in select_for_update(of=(...)): %s. ' 'Only relational fields followed in the query are allowed. ' 'Choices are: self, born, born__country.' ) invalid_of = [ ('nonexistent',), ('name',), ('born__nonexistent',), ('born__name',), ('born__nonexistent', 'born__name'), ] for of in invalid_of: with self.subTest(of=of): with self.assertRaisesMessage(FieldError, msg % ', '.join(of)): with transaction.atomic(): Person.objects.select_related('born__country').select_for_update(of=of).get() @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update', 'has_select_for_update_of') def test_related_but_unselected_of_argument_raises_error(self): """ FieldError is raised if a relation field that is not followed in the query is specified in of=(...). """ msg = ( 'Invalid field name(s) given in select_for_update(of=(...)): %s. ' 'Only relational fields followed in the query are allowed. ' 'Choices are: self, born, profile.' ) for name in ['born__country', 'died', 'died__country']: with self.subTest(name=name): with self.assertRaisesMessage(FieldError, msg % name): with transaction.atomic(): Person.objects.select_related( 'born', 'profile', ).exclude(profile=None).select_for_update(of=(name,)).get() @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update', 'has_select_for_update_of') def test_model_inheritance_of_argument_raises_error_ptr_in_choices(self): msg = ( 'Invalid field name(s) given in select_for_update(of=(...)): ' 'name. Only relational fields followed in the query are allowed. ' 'Choices are: self, %s.' ) with self.assertRaisesMessage( FieldError, msg % 'country, country__country_ptr', ): with transaction.atomic(): EUCity.objects.select_related( 'country', ).select_for_update(of=('name',)).get() with self.assertRaisesMessage(FieldError, msg % 'country_ptr'): with transaction.atomic(): EUCountry.objects.select_for_update(of=('name',)).get() @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update', 'has_select_for_update_of') def test_reverse_one_to_one_of_arguments(self): """ Reverse OneToOneFields may be included in of=(...) as long as NULLs are excluded because LEFT JOIN isn't allowed in SELECT FOR UPDATE. """ with transaction.atomic(): person = Person.objects.select_related( 'profile', ).exclude(profile=None).select_for_update(of=('profile',)).get() self.assertEqual(person.profile, self.person_profile) @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update') def test_for_update_after_from(self): features_class = connections['default'].features.__class__ attribute_to_patch = "%s.%s.for_update_after_from" % (features_class.__module__, features_class.__name__) with mock.patch(attribute_to_patch, return_value=True): with transaction.atomic(): self.assertIn('FOR UPDATE WHERE', str(Person.objects.filter(name='foo').select_for_update().query)) @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update') def test_for_update_requires_transaction(self): """ A TransactionManagementError is raised when a select_for_update query is executed outside of a transaction. """ msg = 'select_for_update cannot be used outside of a transaction.' with self.assertRaisesMessage(transaction.TransactionManagementError, msg): list(Person.objects.all().select_for_update()) @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update') def test_for_update_requires_transaction_only_in_execution(self): """ No TransactionManagementError is raised when select_for_update is invoked outside of a transaction - only when the query is executed. """ people = Person.objects.all().select_for_update() msg = 'select_for_update cannot be used outside of a transaction.' with self.assertRaisesMessage(transaction.TransactionManagementError, msg): list(people) @skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_select_for_update_with_limit') def test_select_for_update_with_limit(self): other = Person.objects.create(name='Grappeli', born=self.city1, died=self.city2) with transaction.atomic(): qs = list(Person.objects.all().order_by('pk').select_for_update()[1:2]) self.assertEqual(qs[0], other) @skipIfDBFeature('supports_select_for_update_with_limit') def test_unsupported_select_for_update_with_limit(self): msg = 'LIMIT/OFFSET is not supported with select_for_update on this database backend.' with self.assertRaisesMessage(NotSupportedError, msg): with transaction.atomic(): list(Person.objects.all().order_by('pk').select_for_update()[1:2]) def run_select_for_update(self, status, **kwargs): """ Utility method that runs a SELECT FOR UPDATE against all Person instances. After the select_for_update, it attempts to update the name of the only record, save, and commit. This function expects to run in a separate thread. """ status.append('started') try: # We need to enter transaction management again, as this is done on # per-thread basis with transaction.atomic(): person = Person.objects.select_for_update(**kwargs).get() person.name = 'Fred' person.save() except (DatabaseError, Person.DoesNotExist) as e: status.append(e) finally: # This method is run in a separate thread. It uses its own # database connection. Close it without waiting for the GC. connection.close() @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update') @skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_transactions') def test_block(self): """ A thread running a select_for_update that accesses rows being touched by a similar operation on another connection blocks correctly. """ # First, let's start the transaction in our thread. self.start_blocking_transaction() # Now, try it again using the ORM's select_for_update # facility. Do this in a separate thread. status = [] thread = threading.Thread( target=self.run_select_for_update, args=(status,) ) # The thread should immediately block, but we'll sleep # for a bit to make sure. thread.start() sanity_count = 0 while len(status) != 1 and sanity_count < 10: sanity_count += 1 time.sleep(1) if sanity_count >= 10: raise ValueError('Thread did not run and block') # Check the person hasn't been updated. Since this isn't # using FOR UPDATE, it won't block. p = Person.objects.get(pk=self.person.pk) self.assertEqual('Reinhardt', p.name) # When we end our blocking transaction, our thread should # be able to continue. self.end_blocking_transaction() thread.join(5.0) # Check the thread has finished. Assuming it has, we should # find that it has updated the person's name. self.assertFalse(thread.is_alive()) # We must commit the transaction to ensure that MySQL gets a fresh read, # since by default it runs in REPEATABLE READ mode transaction.commit() p = Person.objects.get(pk=self.person.pk) self.assertEqual('Fred', p.name) @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update') def test_raw_lock_not_available(self): """ Running a raw query which can't obtain a FOR UPDATE lock raises the correct exception """ self.start_blocking_transaction() def raw(status): try: list( Person.objects.raw( 'SELECT * FROM %s %s' % ( Person._meta.db_table, connection.ops.for_update_sql(nowait=True) ) ) ) except DatabaseError as e: status.append(e) finally: # This method is run in a separate thread. It uses its own # database connection. Close it without waiting for the GC. # Connection cannot be closed on Oracle because cursor is still # open. if connection.vendor != 'oracle': connection.close() status = [] thread = threading.Thread(target=raw, kwargs={'status': status}) thread.start() time.sleep(1) thread.join() self.end_blocking_transaction() self.assertIsInstance(status[-1], DatabaseError) @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update') @override_settings(DATABASE_ROUTERS=[TestRouter()]) def test_select_for_update_on_multidb(self): query = Person.objects.select_for_update() self.assertEqual(router.db_for_write(Person), query.db) @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update') def test_select_for_update_with_get(self): with transaction.atomic(): person = Person.objects.select_for_update().get(name='Reinhardt') self.assertEqual(person.name, 'Reinhardt') def test_nowait_and_skip_locked(self): with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, 'The nowait option cannot be used with skip_locked.'): Person.objects.select_for_update(nowait=True, skip_locked=True) def test_ordered_select_for_update(self): """ Subqueries should respect ordering as an ORDER BY clause may be useful to specify a row locking order to prevent deadlocks (#27193). """ with transaction.atomic(): qs = Person.objects.filter(id__in=Person.objects.order_by('-id').select_for_update()) self.assertIn('ORDER BY', str(qs.query))