========================
Django 3.2 release notes
========================

*April 6, 2021*

Welcome to Django 3.2!

These release notes cover the :ref:`new features <whats-new-3.2>`, as well as
some :ref:`backwards incompatible changes <backwards-incompatible-3.2>` you'll
want to be aware of when upgrading from Django 3.1 or earlier. We've
:ref:`begun the deprecation process for some features
<deprecated-features-3.2>`.

See the :doc:`/howto/upgrade-version` guide if you're updating an existing
project.

Django 3.2 is designated as a :term:`long-term support release
<Long-term support release>`. It will receive security updates for at least
three years after its release. Support for the previous LTS, Django 2.2, will
end in April 2022.

Python compatibility
====================

Django 3.2 supports Python 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, and 3.9. We **highly recommend** and
only officially support the latest release of each series.

.. _whats-new-3.2:

What's new in Django 3.2
========================

Automatic :class:`~django.apps.AppConfig` discovery
---------------------------------------------------

Most pluggable applications define an :class:`~django.apps.AppConfig` subclass
in an ``apps.py`` submodule. Many define a ``default_app_config`` variable
pointing to this class in their ``__init__.py``.

When the ``apps.py`` submodule exists and defines a single
:class:`~django.apps.AppConfig` subclass, Django now uses that configuration
automatically, so you can remove ``default_app_config``.

``default_app_config`` made it possible to declare only the application's path
in :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` (e.g. ``'django.contrib.admin'``) rather than the
app config's path (e.g. ``'django.contrib.admin.apps.AdminConfig'``). It was
introduced for backwards-compatibility with the former style, with the intent
to switch the ecosystem to the latter, but the switch didn't happen.

With automatic ``AppConfig`` discovery, ``default_app_config`` is no longer
needed. As a consequence, it's deprecated.

See :ref:`configuring-applications-ref` for full details.

Customizing type of auto-created primary keys
---------------------------------------------

When defining a model, if no field in a model is defined with
:attr:`primary_key=True <django.db.models.Field.primary_key>` an implicit
primary key is added. The type of this implicit primary key can now be
controlled via the :setting:`DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD` setting and
:attr:`AppConfig.default_auto_field <django.apps.AppConfig.default_auto_field>`
attribute. No more needing to override primary keys in all models.

Maintaining the historical behavior, the default value for
:setting:`DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD` is :class:`~django.db.models.AutoField`. Starting
with 3.2 new projects are generated with :setting:`DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD` set to
:class:`~django.db.models.BigAutoField`. Also, new apps are generated with
:attr:`AppConfig.default_auto_field <django.apps.AppConfig.default_auto_field>`
set to :class:`~django.db.models.BigAutoField`. In a future Django release the
default value of :setting:`DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD` will be changed to
:class:`~django.db.models.BigAutoField`.

To avoid unwanted migrations in the future, either explicitly set
:setting:`DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD` to :class:`~django.db.models.AutoField`::

    DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.AutoField'

or configure it on a per-app basis::

    from django.apps import AppConfig

    class MyAppConfig(AppConfig):
        default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.AutoField'
        name = 'my_app'

or on a per-model basis::

    from django.db import models

    class MyModel(models.Model):
        id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)

In anticipation of the changing default, a system check will provide a warning
if you do not have an explicit setting for :setting:`DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD`.

.. _new_functional_indexes:

Functional indexes
------------------

The new :attr:`*expressions <django.db.models.Index.expressions>` positional
argument of :class:`Index() <django.db.models.Index>` enables creating
functional indexes on expressions and database functions. For example::

    from django.db import models
    from django.db.models import F, Index, Value
    from django.db.models.functions import Lower, Upper


    class MyModel(models.Model):
        first_name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
        last_name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
        height = models.IntegerField()
        weight = models.IntegerField()

        class Meta:
            indexes = [
                Index(
                    Lower('first_name'),
                    Upper('last_name').desc(),
                    name='first_last_name_idx',
                ),
                Index(
                    F('height') / (F('weight') + Value(5)),
                    name='calc_idx',
                ),
            ]

Functional indexes are added to models using the
:attr:`Meta.indexes <django.db.models.Options.indexes>` option.

``pymemcache`` support
----------------------

The new ``django.core.cache.backends.memcached.PyMemcacheCache`` cache backend
allows using the pymemcache_ library for memcached. ``pymemcache`` 3.4.0 or
higher is required. For more details, see the :doc:`documentation on caching in
Django </topics/cache>`.

.. _pymemcache: https://pypi.org/project/pymemcache/

New decorators for the admin site
---------------------------------

The new :func:`~django.contrib.admin.display` decorator allows for easily
adding options to custom display functions that can be used with
:attr:`~django.contrib.admin.ModelAdmin.list_display` or
:attr:`~django.contrib.admin.ModelAdmin.readonly_fields`.

Likewise, the new :func:`~django.contrib.admin.action` decorator allows for
easily adding options to action functions that can be used with
:attr:`~django.contrib.admin.ModelAdmin.actions`.

Using the ``@display`` decorator has the advantage that it is now
possible to use the ``@property`` decorator when needing to specify attributes
on the custom method. Prior to this it was necessary to use the ``property()``
function instead after assigning the required attributes to the method.

Using decorators has the advantage that these options are more discoverable as
they can be suggested by completion utilities in code editors. They are merely
a convenience and still set the same attributes on the functions under the
hood.

Minor features
--------------

:mod:`django.contrib.admin`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* :attr:`.ModelAdmin.search_fields` now allows searching against quoted phrases
  with spaces.

* Read-only related fields are now rendered as navigable links if target models
  are registered in the admin.

* The admin now supports theming, and includes a dark theme that is enabled
  according to browser settings. See :ref:`admin-theming` for more details.

* :attr:`.ModelAdmin.autocomplete_fields` now respects
  :attr:`ForeignKey.to_field <django.db.models.ForeignKey.to_field>` and
  :attr:`ForeignKey.limit_choices_to
  <django.db.models.ForeignKey.limit_choices_to>` when searching a related
  model.

* The admin now installs a final catch-all view that redirects unauthenticated
  users to the login page, regardless of whether the URL is otherwise valid.
  This protects against a potential model enumeration privacy issue.

  Although not recommended, you may set the new
  :attr:`.AdminSite.final_catch_all_view` to ``False`` to disable the
  catch-all view.

:mod:`django.contrib.auth`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* The default iteration count for the PBKDF2 password hasher is increased from
  216,000 to 260,000.

* The default variant for the Argon2 password hasher is changed to Argon2id.
  ``memory_cost`` and ``parallelism`` are increased to 102,400 and 8
  respectively to match the ``argon2-cffi`` defaults.

  Increasing the ``memory_cost`` pushes the required memory from 512 KB to 100
  MB. This is still rather conservative but can lead to problems in memory
  constrained environments. If this is the case, the existing hasher can be
  subclassed to override the defaults.

* The default salt entropy for the Argon2, MD5, PBKDF2, SHA-1 password hashers
  is increased from 71 to 128 bits.

:mod:`django.contrib.contenttypes`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* The new ``absolute_max`` argument for
  :func:`~django.contrib.contenttypes.forms.generic_inlineformset_factory`
  allows customizing the maximum number of forms that can be instantiated when
  supplying ``POST`` data. See :ref:`formsets-absolute-max` for more details.

* The new ``can_delete_extra`` argument for
  :func:`~django.contrib.contenttypes.forms.generic_inlineformset_factory`
  allows removal of the option to delete extra forms. See
  :attr:`~.BaseFormSet.can_delete_extra` for more information.

:mod:`django.contrib.gis`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* The :meth:`.GDALRaster.transform` method now supports
  :class:`~django.contrib.gis.gdal.SpatialReference`.

* The :class:`~django.contrib.gis.gdal.DataSource` class now supports
  :class:`pathlib.Path`.

* The :class:`~django.contrib.gis.utils.LayerMapping` class now supports
  :class:`pathlib.Path`.

:mod:`django.contrib.postgres`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* The new :attr:`.ExclusionConstraint.include` attribute allows creating
  covering exclusion constraints on PostgreSQL 12+.

* The new :attr:`.ExclusionConstraint.opclasses` attribute allows setting
  PostgreSQL operator classes.

* The new :attr:`.JSONBAgg.ordering` attribute determines the ordering of the
  aggregated elements.

* The new :attr:`.JSONBAgg.distinct` attribute determines if aggregated values
  will be distinct.

* The :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.operations.CreateExtension` operation
  now checks that the extension already exists in the database and skips the
  migration if so.

* The new :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.operations.CreateCollation` and
  :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.operations.RemoveCollation` operations
  allow creating and dropping collations on PostgreSQL. See
  :ref:`manage-postgresql-collations` for more details.

* Lookups for :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.fields.ArrayField` now allow
  (non-nested) arrays containing expressions as right-hand sides.

* The new :class:`OpClass() <django.contrib.postgres.indexes.OpClass>`
  expression allows creating functional indexes on expressions with a custom
  operator class. See :ref:`new_functional_indexes` for more details.

:mod:`django.contrib.sitemaps`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* The new :class:`~django.contrib.sitemaps.Sitemap` attributes
  :attr:`~django.contrib.sitemaps.Sitemap.alternates`,
  :attr:`~django.contrib.sitemaps.Sitemap.languages` and
  :attr:`~django.contrib.sitemaps.Sitemap.x_default` allow
  generating sitemap *alternates* to localized versions of your pages.

:mod:`django.contrib.syndication`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* The new ``item_comments`` hook allows specifying a comments URL per feed
  item.

Database backends
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Third-party database backends can now skip or mark as expected failures
  tests in Django's test suite using the new
  ``DatabaseFeatures.django_test_skips`` and
  ``django_test_expected_failures`` attributes.

Decorators
~~~~~~~~~~

* The new :func:`~django.views.decorators.common.no_append_slash` decorator
  allows individual views to be excluded from :setting:`APPEND_SLASH` URL
  normalization.

Error Reporting
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Custom :class:`~django.views.debug.ExceptionReporter` subclasses can now
  define the :attr:`~django.views.debug.ExceptionReporter.html_template_path`
  and :attr:`~django.views.debug.ExceptionReporter.text_template_path`
  properties to override the templates used to render exception reports.

File Uploads
~~~~~~~~~~~~

* The new :meth:`FileUploadHandler.upload_interrupted()
  <django.core.files.uploadhandler.FileUploadHandler.upload_interrupted>`
  callback allows handling interrupted uploads.

Forms
~~~~~

* The new ``absolute_max`` argument for :func:`.formset_factory`,
  :func:`.inlineformset_factory`, and :func:`.modelformset_factory` allows
  customizing the maximum number of forms that can be instantiated when
  supplying ``POST`` data. See :ref:`formsets-absolute-max` for more details.

* The new ``can_delete_extra`` argument for :func:`.formset_factory`,
  :func:`.inlineformset_factory`, and :func:`.modelformset_factory` allows
  removal of the option to delete extra forms. See
  :attr:`~.BaseFormSet.can_delete_extra` for more information.

* :class:`~django.forms.formsets.BaseFormSet` now reports a user facing error,
  rather than raising an exception, when the management form is missing or has
  been tampered with. To customize this error message, pass the
  ``error_messages`` argument with the key ``'missing_management_form'`` when
  instantiating the formset.

Generic Views
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* The ``week_format`` attributes of
  :class:`~django.views.generic.dates.WeekMixin` and
  :class:`~django.views.generic.dates.WeekArchiveView` now support the
  ``'%V'`` ISO 8601 week format.

Management Commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* :djadmin:`loaddata` now supports fixtures stored in XZ archives (``.xz``) and
  LZMA archives (``.lzma``).

* :djadmin:`dumpdata` now can compress data in the ``bz2``, ``gz``, ``lzma``,
  or ``xz`` formats.

* :djadmin:`makemigrations` can now be called without an active database
  connection. In that case, check for a consistent migration history is
  skipped.

* :attr:`.BaseCommand.requires_system_checks` now supports specifying a list of
  tags. System checks registered in the chosen tags will be checked for errors
  prior to executing the command. In previous versions, either all or none
  of the system checks were performed.

* Support for colored terminal output on Windows is updated. Various modern
  terminal environments are automatically detected, and the options for
  enabling support in other cases are improved. See :ref:`syntax-coloring` for
  more details.

Migrations
~~~~~~~~~~

* The new ``Operation.migration_name_fragment`` property allows providing a
  filename fragment that will be used to name a migration containing only that
  operation.

* Migrations now support serialization of pure and concrete path objects from
  :mod:`pathlib`, and :class:`os.PathLike` instances.

Models
~~~~~~

* The new ``no_key`` parameter for :meth:`.QuerySet.select_for_update()`,
  supported on PostgreSQL, allows acquiring weaker locks that don't block the
  creation of rows that reference locked rows through a foreign key.

* :class:`When() <django.db.models.expressions.When>` expression now allows
  using the ``condition`` argument with ``lookups``.

* The new :attr:`.Index.include` and :attr:`.UniqueConstraint.include`
  attributes allow creating covering indexes and covering unique constraints on
  PostgreSQL 11+.

* The new :attr:`.UniqueConstraint.opclasses` attribute allows setting
  PostgreSQL operator classes.

* The :meth:`.QuerySet.update` method now respects the ``order_by()`` clause on
  MySQL and MariaDB.

* :class:`FilteredRelation() <django.db.models.FilteredRelation>` now supports
  nested relations.

* The ``of`` argument of :meth:`.QuerySet.select_for_update()` is now allowed
  on MySQL 8.0.1+.

* :class:`Value() <django.db.models.Value>` expression now
  automatically resolves its ``output_field`` to the appropriate
  :class:`Field <django.db.models.Field>` subclass based on the type of
  its provided ``value`` for :py:class:`bool`, :py:class:`bytes`,
  :py:class:`float`, :py:class:`int`, :py:class:`str`,
  :py:class:`datetime.date`, :py:class:`datetime.datetime`,
  :py:class:`datetime.time`, :py:class:`datetime.timedelta`,
  :py:class:`decimal.Decimal`, and :py:class:`uuid.UUID` instances. As a
  consequence, resolving an ``output_field`` for database functions and
  combined expressions may now crash with mixed types when using ``Value()``.
  You will need to explicitly set the ``output_field`` in such cases.

* The new :meth:`.QuerySet.alias` method allows creating reusable aliases for
  expressions that don't need to be selected but are used for filtering,
  ordering, or as a part of complex expressions.

* The new :class:`~django.db.models.functions.Collate` function allows
  filtering and ordering by specified database collations.

* The ``field_name`` argument of :meth:`.QuerySet.in_bulk()` now accepts
  distinct fields if there's only one field specified in
  :meth:`.QuerySet.distinct`.

* The new ``tzinfo`` parameter of the
  :class:`~django.db.models.functions.TruncDate` and
  :class:`~django.db.models.functions.TruncTime` database functions allows
  truncating datetimes in a specific timezone.

* The new ``db_collation`` argument for
  :attr:`CharField <django.db.models.CharField.db_collation>` and
  :attr:`TextField <django.db.models.TextField.db_collation>` allows setting a
  database collation for the field.

* Added the :class:`~django.db.models.functions.Random` database function.

* :ref:`aggregation-functions`, :class:`F() <django.db.models.F>`,
  :class:`OuterRef() <django.db.models.OuterRef>`, and other expressions now
  allow using transforms. See :ref:`using-transforms-in-expressions` for
  details.

* The new ``durable`` argument for :func:`~django.db.transaction.atomic`
  guarantees that changes made in the atomic block will be committed if the
  block exits without errors. A nested atomic block marked as durable will
  raise a ``RuntimeError``.

* Added the :class:`~django.db.models.functions.JSONObject` database function.

Pagination
~~~~~~~~~~

* The new :meth:`django.core.paginator.Paginator.get_elided_page_range` method
  allows generating a page range with some of the values elided. If there are a
  large number of pages, this can be helpful for generating a reasonable number
  of page links in a template.

Requests and Responses
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Response headers are now stored in :attr:`.HttpResponse.headers`. This can be
  used instead of the original dict-like interface of ``HttpResponse`` objects.
  Both interfaces will continue to be supported. See
  :ref:`setting-header-fields` for details.

* The new ``headers`` parameter of :class:`~django.http.HttpResponse`,
  :class:`~django.template.response.SimpleTemplateResponse`, and
  :class:`~django.template.response.TemplateResponse` allows setting response
  :attr:`~django.http.HttpResponse.headers` on instantiation.

Security
~~~~~~~~

* The :setting:`SECRET_KEY` setting is now checked for a valid value upon first
  access, rather than when settings are first loaded. This enables running
  management commands that do not rely on the ``SECRET_KEY`` without needing to
  provide a value. As a consequence of this, calling
  :func:`~django.conf.settings.configure` without providing a valid
  ``SECRET_KEY``, and then going on to access ``settings.SECRET_KEY`` will now
  raise an :exc:`~django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured` exception.

* The new ``Signer.sign_object()`` and ``Signer.unsign_object()`` methods allow
  signing complex data structures. See :ref:`signing-complex-data` for more
  details.

  Also, :func:`signing.dumps() <django.core.signing.dumps>` and
  :func:`~django.core.signing.loads` become shortcuts for
  :meth:`.TimestampSigner.sign_object` and
  :meth:`~.TimestampSigner.unsign_object`.

Serialization
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* The new :ref:`JSONL <serialization-formats-jsonl>` serializer allows using
  the JSON Lines format with :djadmin:`dumpdata` and :djadmin:`loaddata`. This
  can be useful for populating large databases because data is loaded line by
  line into memory, rather than being loaded all at once.

Signals
~~~~~~~

* :meth:`Signal.send_robust() <django.dispatch.Signal.send_robust>` now logs
  exceptions.

Templates
~~~~~~~~~

* :tfilter:`floatformat` template filter now allows using the ``g`` suffix to
  force grouping by the :setting:`THOUSAND_SEPARATOR` for the active locale.

* Templates cached with :ref:`Cached template loaders<template-loaders>` are
  now correctly reloaded in development.

Tests
~~~~~

* Objects assigned to class attributes in :meth:`.TestCase.setUpTestData` are
  now isolated for each test method. Such objects are now required to support
  creating deep copies with :py:func:`copy.deepcopy`. Assigning objects which
  don't support ``deepcopy()`` is deprecated and will be removed in Django 4.1.

* :class:`~django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner` now enables
  :py:mod:`faulthandler` by default. This can be disabled by using the
  :option:`test --no-faulthandler` option.

* :class:`~django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner` and the
  :djadmin:`test` management command can now track timings, including database
  setup and total run time. This can be enabled by using the :option:`test
  --timing` option.

* :class:`~django.test.Client` now preserves the request query string when
  following 307 and 308 redirects.

* The new :meth:`.TestCase.captureOnCommitCallbacks` method captures callback
  functions passed to :func:`transaction.on_commit()
  <django.db.transaction.on_commit>` in a list. This allows you to test such
  callbacks without using the slower :class:`.TransactionTestCase`.

* :meth:`.TransactionTestCase.assertQuerysetEqual` now supports direct
  comparison against another queryset rather than being restricted to
  comparison against a list of string representations of objects when using the
  default value for the ``transform`` argument.

Utilities
~~~~~~~~~

* The new ``depth`` parameter of ``django.utils.timesince.timesince()`` and
  ``django.utils.timesince.timeuntil()`` functions allows specifying the number
  of adjacent time units to return.

Validators
~~~~~~~~~~

* Built-in validators now include the provided value in the ``params`` argument
  of a raised :exc:`~django.core.exceptions.ValidationError`. This allows
  custom error messages to use the ``%(value)s`` placeholder.

* The :class:`.ValidationError` equality operator now ignores ``messages`` and
  ``params`` ordering.

.. _backwards-incompatible-3.2:

Backwards incompatible changes in 3.2
=====================================

Database backend API
--------------------

This section describes changes that may be needed in third-party database
backends.

* The new ``DatabaseFeatures.introspected_field_types`` property replaces these
  features:

  * ``can_introspect_autofield``
  * ``can_introspect_big_integer_field``
  * ``can_introspect_binary_field``
  * ``can_introspect_decimal_field``
  * ``can_introspect_duration_field``
  * ``can_introspect_ip_address_field``
  * ``can_introspect_positive_integer_field``
  * ``can_introspect_small_integer_field``
  * ``can_introspect_time_field``
  * ``introspected_big_auto_field_type``
  * ``introspected_small_auto_field_type``
  * ``introspected_boolean_field_type``

* To enable support for covering indexes (:attr:`.Index.include`) and covering
  unique constraints (:attr:`.UniqueConstraint.include`), set
  ``DatabaseFeatures.supports_covering_indexes`` to ``True``.

* Third-party database backends must implement support for column database
  collations on ``CharField``\s and ``TextField``\s or set
  ``DatabaseFeatures.supports_collation_on_charfield`` and
  ``DatabaseFeatures.supports_collation_on_textfield`` to ``False``. If
  non-deterministic collations are not supported, set
  ``supports_non_deterministic_collations`` to ``False``.

* ``DatabaseOperations.random_function_sql()`` is removed in favor of the new
  :class:`~django.db.models.functions.Random` database function.

* ``DatabaseOperations.date_trunc_sql()`` and
  ``DatabaseOperations.time_trunc_sql()`` now take the optional ``tzname``
  argument in order to truncate in a specific timezone.

* ``DatabaseClient.runshell()`` now gets arguments and an optional dictionary
  with environment variables to the underlying command-line client from
  ``DatabaseClient.settings_to_cmd_args_env()`` method. Third-party database
  backends must implement ``DatabaseClient.settings_to_cmd_args_env()`` or
  override ``DatabaseClient.runshell()``.

* Third-party database backends must implement support for functional indexes
  (:attr:`.Index.expressions`) or set
  ``DatabaseFeatures.supports_expression_indexes`` to ``False``. If ``COLLATE``
  is not a part of the ``CREATE INDEX`` statement, set
  ``DatabaseFeatures.collate_as_index_expression`` to ``True``.

:mod:`django.contrib.admin`
---------------------------

* Pagination links in the admin are now 1-indexed instead of 0-indexed, i.e.
  the query string for the first page is ``?p=1`` instead of ``?p=0``.

* The new admin catch-all view will break URL patterns routed after the admin
  URLs and matching the admin URL prefix. You can either adjust your URL
  ordering or, if necessary, set :attr:`AdminSite.final_catch_all_view
  <django.contrib.admin.AdminSite.final_catch_all_view>` to ``False``,
  disabling the catch-all view. See :ref:`whats-new-3.2` for more details.

* Minified JavaScript files are no longer included with the admin. If you
  require these files to be minified, consider using a third party app or
  external build tool. The minified vendored JavaScript files packaged with the
  admin (e.g. :ref:`jquery.min.js <contrib-admin-jquery>`) are still included.

* :attr:`.ModelAdmin.prepopulated_fields` no longer strips English stop words,
  such as ``'a'`` or ``'an'``.

:mod:`django.contrib.gis`
-------------------------

* Support for PostGIS 2.2 is removed.

* The Oracle backend now clones polygons (and geometry collections containing
  polygons) before reorienting them and saving them to the database. They are
  no longer mutated in place. You might notice this if you use the polygons
  after a model is saved.

Dropped support for PostgreSQL 9.5
----------------------------------

Upstream support for PostgreSQL 9.5 ends in February 2021. Django 3.2 supports
PostgreSQL 9.6 and higher.

Dropped support for MySQL 5.6
-----------------------------

The end of upstream support for MySQL 5.6 is April 2021. Django 3.2 supports
MySQL 5.7 and higher.

Miscellaneous
-------------

* Django now supports non-``pytz`` time zones, such as Python 3.9+'s
  :mod:`zoneinfo` module and its backport.

* The undocumented ``SpatiaLiteOperations.proj4_version()`` method is renamed
  to ``proj_version()``.

* :func:`~django.utils.text.slugify` now removes leading and trailing dashes
  and underscores.

* The :tfilter:`intcomma` and :tfilter:`intword` template filters no longer
  depend on the :setting:`USE_L10N` setting.

* Support for ``argon2-cffi`` < 19.1.0 is removed.

* The cache keys no longer includes the language when internationalization is
  disabled (``USE_I18N = False``) and localization is enabled
  (``USE_L10N = True``). After upgrading to Django 3.2 in such configurations,
  the first request to any previously cached value will be a cache miss.

* ``ForeignKey.validate()`` now uses
  :attr:`~django.db.models.Model._base_manager` rather than
  :attr:`~django.db.models.Model._default_manager` to check that related
  instances exist.

* When an application defines an :class:`~django.apps.AppConfig` subclass in
  an ``apps.py`` submodule, Django now uses this configuration automatically,
  even if it isn't enabled with ``default_app_config``. Set ``default = False``
  in the :class:`~django.apps.AppConfig` subclass if you need to prevent this
  behavior. See :ref:`whats-new-3.2` for more details.

* Instantiating an abstract model now raises ``TypeError``.

* Keyword arguments to :func:`~django.test.utils.setup_databases` are now
  keyword-only.

* The undocumented ``django.utils.http.limited_parse_qsl()`` function is
  removed. Please use :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl` instead.

* ``django.test.utils.TestContextDecorator`` now uses
  :py:meth:`~unittest.TestCase.addCleanup` so that cleanups registered in the
  :py:meth:`~unittest.TestCase.setUp` method are called before
  ``TestContextDecorator.disable()``.

* ``SessionMiddleware`` now raises a
  :exc:`~django.contrib.sessions.exceptions.SessionInterrupted` exception
  instead of :exc:`~django.core.exceptions.SuspiciousOperation` when a session
  is destroyed in a concurrent request.

* The :class:`django.db.models.Field` equality operator now correctly
  distinguishes inherited field instances across models. Additionally, the
  ordering of such fields is now defined.

* The undocumented ``django.core.files.locks.lock()`` function now returns
  ``False`` if the file cannot be locked, instead of raising
  :exc:`BlockingIOError`.

* The password reset mechanism now invalidates tokens when the user email is
  changed.

* :djadmin:`makemessages` command no longer processes invalid locales specified
  using :option:`makemessages --locale` option, when they contain hyphens
  (``'-'``).

* The ``django.contrib.auth.forms.ReadOnlyPasswordHashField`` form field is now
  :attr:`~django.forms.Field.disabled` by default. Therefore
  ``UserChangeForm.clean_password()`` is no longer required to return the
  initial value.

* The ``cache.get_many()``, ``get_or_set()``, ``has_key()``, ``incr()``,
  ``decr()``, ``incr_version()``, and ``decr_version()`` cache operations now
  correctly handle ``None`` stored in the cache, in the same way as any other
  value, instead of behaving as though the key didn't exist.

  Due to a ``python-memcached`` limitation, the previous behavior is kept for
  the deprecated ``MemcachedCache`` backend.

* The minimum supported version of SQLite is increased from 3.8.3 to 3.9.0.

* :class:`~django.contrib.messages.storage.cookie.CookieStorage` now stores
  messages in the :rfc:`6265` compliant format. Support for cookies that use
  the old format remains until Django 4.1.

* The minimum supported version of ``asgiref`` is increased from 3.2.10 to
  3.3.2.

.. _deprecated-features-3.2:

Features deprecated in 3.2
==========================

Miscellaneous
-------------

* Assigning objects which don't support creating deep copies with
  :py:func:`copy.deepcopy` to class attributes in
  :meth:`.TestCase.setUpTestData` is deprecated.

* Using a boolean value in :attr:`.BaseCommand.requires_system_checks` is
  deprecated. Use ``'__all__'`` instead of ``True``, and ``[]`` (an empty list)
  instead of ``False``.

* The ``whitelist`` argument and ``domain_whitelist`` attribute of
  :class:`~django.core.validators.EmailValidator` are deprecated. Use
  ``allowlist`` instead of ``whitelist``, and ``domain_allowlist`` instead of
  ``domain_whitelist``. You may need to rename ``whitelist`` in existing
  migrations.

* The ``default_app_config`` application configuration variable is deprecated,
  due to the now automatic ``AppConfig`` discovery. See :ref:`whats-new-3.2`
  for more details.

* Automatically calling ``repr()`` on a queryset in
  ``TransactionTestCase.assertQuerysetEqual()``, when compared to string
  values, is deprecated. If you need the previous behavior, explicitly set
  ``transform`` to ``repr``.

* The ``django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache`` backend is
  deprecated as ``python-memcached`` has some problems and seems to be
  unmaintained. Use ``django.core.cache.backends.memcached.PyMemcacheCache``
  or ``django.core.cache.backends.memcached.PyLibMCCache`` instead.

* The format of messages used by
  ``django.contrib.messages.storage.cookie.CookieStorage`` is different from
  the format generated by older versions of Django. Support for the old format
  remains until Django 4.1.