""" 23. Giving models a custom manager You can use a custom ``Manager`` in a particular model by extending the base ``Manager`` class and instantiating your custom ``Manager`` in your model. There are two reasons you might want to customize a ``Manager``: to add extra ``Manager`` methods, and/or to modify the initial ``QuerySet`` the ``Manager`` returns. """ from __future__ import unicode_literals from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import ( GenericForeignKey, GenericRelation ) from django.db import models from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible # An example of a custom manager called "objects". class PersonManager(models.Manager): def get_fun_people(self): return self.filter(fun=True) # An example of a custom manager that sets get_queryset(). class PublishedBookManager(models.Manager): def get_queryset(self): return super(PublishedBookManager, self).get_queryset().filter(is_published=True) # An example of a custom queryset that copies its methods onto the manager. class CustomQuerySet(models.QuerySet): def filter(self, *args, **kwargs): queryset = super(CustomQuerySet, self).filter(fun=True) queryset._filter_CustomQuerySet = True return queryset def public_method(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.all() def _private_method(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.all() def optout_public_method(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.all() optout_public_method.queryset_only = True def _optin_private_method(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.all() _optin_private_method.queryset_only = False class BaseCustomManager(models.Manager): def __init__(self, arg): super(BaseCustomManager, self).__init__() self.init_arg = arg def filter(self, *args, **kwargs): queryset = super(BaseCustomManager, self).filter(fun=True) queryset._filter_CustomManager = True return queryset def manager_only(self): return self.all() CustomManager = BaseCustomManager.from_queryset(CustomQuerySet) class FunPeopleManager(models.Manager): def get_queryset(self): return super(FunPeopleManager, self).get_queryset().filter(fun=True) class BoringPeopleManager(models.Manager): def get_queryset(self): return super(BoringPeopleManager, self).get_queryset().filter(fun=False) @python_2_unicode_compatible class Person(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30) fun = models.BooleanField(default=False) favorite_book = models.ForeignKey('Book', null=True, related_name='favorite_books') favorite_thing_type = models.ForeignKey('contenttypes.ContentType', null=True) favorite_thing_id = models.IntegerField(null=True) favorite_thing = GenericForeignKey('favorite_thing_type', 'favorite_thing_id') objects = PersonManager() fun_people = FunPeopleManager() boring_people = BoringPeopleManager() custom_queryset_default_manager = CustomQuerySet.as_manager() custom_queryset_custom_manager = CustomManager('hello') def __str__(self): return "%s %s" % (self.first_name, self.last_name) @python_2_unicode_compatible class FunPerson(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30) fun = models.BooleanField(default=True) favorite_book = models.ForeignKey('Book', null=True, related_name='fun_people_favorite_books') favorite_thing_type = models.ForeignKey('contenttypes.ContentType', null=True) favorite_thing_id = models.IntegerField(null=True) favorite_thing = GenericForeignKey('favorite_thing_type', 'favorite_thing_id') objects = FunPeopleManager() def __str__(self): return "%s %s" % (self.first_name, self.last_name) @python_2_unicode_compatible class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=50) author = models.CharField(max_length=30) is_published = models.BooleanField(default=False) published_objects = PublishedBookManager() authors = models.ManyToManyField(Person, related_name='books') fun_authors = models.ManyToManyField(FunPerson, related_name='books') favorite_things = GenericRelation(Person, content_type_field='favorite_thing_type', object_id_field='favorite_thing_id') fun_people_favorite_things = GenericRelation(FunPerson, content_type_field='favorite_thing_type', object_id_field='favorite_thing_id') def __str__(self): return self.title # An example of providing multiple custom managers. class FastCarManager(models.Manager): def get_queryset(self): return super(FastCarManager, self).get_queryset().filter(top_speed__gt=150) @python_2_unicode_compatible class Car(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=10) mileage = models.IntegerField() top_speed = models.IntegerField(help_text="In miles per hour.") cars = models.Manager() fast_cars = FastCarManager() def __str__(self): return self.name