django/docs/ref/django-admin.txt

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=============================
django-admin.py and manage.py
=============================
``django-admin.py`` is Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks.
This document outlines all it can do.
In addition, ``manage.py`` is automatically created in each Django project.
``manage.py`` is a thin wrapper around ``django-admin.py`` that takes care of
two things for you before delegating to ``django-admin.py``:
* It puts your project's package on ``sys.path``.
* It sets the :envvar:`DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE` environment variable so that
it points to your project's ``settings.py`` file.
The ``django-admin.py`` script should be on your system path if you installed
Django via its ``setup.py`` utility. If it's not on your path, you can find it
in ``site-packages/django/bin`` within your Python installation. Consider
symlinking it from some place on your path, such as ``/usr/local/bin``.
For Windows users, who do not have symlinking functionality available, you can
copy ``django-admin.py`` to a location on your existing path or edit the
``PATH`` settings (under ``Settings - Control Panel - System - Advanced -
Environment...``) to point to its installed location.
Generally, when working on a single Django project, it's easier to use
``manage.py`` than ``django-admin.py``. If you need to switch between multiple
Django settings files, use ``django-admin.py`` with
:envvar:`DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE` or the :djadminopt:`--settings` command line
option.
The command-line examples throughout this document use ``django-admin.py`` to
be consistent, but any example can use ``manage.py`` just as well.
Usage
=====
.. code-block:: bash
django-admin.py <command> [options]
manage.py <command> [options]
``command`` should be one of the commands listed in this document.
``options``, which is optional, should be zero or more of the options available
for the given command.
Getting runtime help
--------------------
.. django-admin:: help
Run ``django-admin.py help`` to display usage information and a list of the
commands provided by each application.
Run ``django-admin.py help --commands`` to display a list of all available
commands.
Run ``django-admin.py help <command>`` to display a description of the given
command and a list of its available options.
App names
---------
Many commands take a list of "app names." An "app name" is the basename of
the package containing your models. For example, if your :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS`
contains the string ``'mysite.blog'``, the app name is ``blog``.
Determining the version
-----------------------
.. django-admin:: version
Run ``django-admin.py version`` to display the current Django version.
The output follows the schema described in :pep:`386`::
1.4.dev17026
1.4a1
1.4
Displaying debug output
-----------------------
Use :djadminopt:`--verbosity` to specify the amount of notification and debug information
that ``django-admin.py`` should print to the console. For more details, see the
documentation for the :djadminopt:`--verbosity` option.
Available commands
==================
check
-----
.. django-admin:: check
.. versionadded:: 1.6
Performs a series of checks to verify a given setup (settings/application code)
is compatible with the current version of Django.
Upon finding things that are incompatible or require notifying the user, it
issues a series of warnings.
compilemessages
---------------
.. django-admin:: compilemessages
Compiles .po files created :djadmin:`makemessages` to .mo files for use with
the builtin gettext support. See :doc:`/topics/i18n/index`.
Use the :djadminopt:`--locale` option (or its shorter version ``-l``) to
specify the locale(s) to process. If not provided, all locales are processed.
Example usage::
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django-admin.py compilemessages --locale=pt_BR
django-admin.py compilemessages --locale=pt_BR --locale=fr
django-admin.py compilemessages -l pt_BR
django-admin.py compilemessages -l pt_BR -l fr
.. versionchanged:: 1.6
Added the ability to specify multiple locales.
createcachetable
----------------
.. django-admin:: createcachetable
Creates the cache tables for use with the database cache backend. See
:doc:`/topics/cache` for more information.
The :djadminopt:`--database` option can be used to specify the database
onto which the cachetable will be installed.
.. versionchanged:: 1.7
It is no longer necessary to provide the cache table name or the
:djadminopt:`--database` option. Django takes this information from your
settings file. If you have configured multiple caches or multiple databases,
all cache tables are created.
dbshell
-------
.. django-admin:: dbshell
Runs the command-line client for the database engine specified in your
``ENGINE`` setting, with the connection parameters specified in your
:setting:`USER`, :setting:`PASSWORD`, etc., settings.
* For PostgreSQL, this runs the ``psql`` command-line client.
* For MySQL, this runs the ``mysql`` command-line client.
* For SQLite, this runs the ``sqlite3`` command-line client.
This command assumes the programs are on your ``PATH`` so that a simple call to
the program name (``psql``, ``mysql``, ``sqlite3``) will find the program in
the right place. There's no way to specify the location of the program
manually.
The :djadminopt:`--database` option can be used to specify the database
onto which to open a shell.
diffsettings
------------
.. django-admin:: diffsettings
Displays differences between the current settings file and Django's default
settings.
Settings that don't appear in the defaults are followed by ``"###"``. For
example, the default settings don't define :setting:`ROOT_URLCONF`, so
:setting:`ROOT_URLCONF` is followed by ``"###"`` in the output of
``diffsettings``.
The :djadminopt:`--all` option may be provided to display all settings, even
if they have Django's default value. Such settings are prefixed by ``"###"``.
.. versionadded:: 1.6
The :djadminopt:`--all` option was added.
dumpdata <appname appname appname.Model ...>
--------------------------------------------
.. django-admin:: dumpdata
Outputs to standard output all data in the database associated with the named
application(s).
If no application name is provided, all installed applications will be dumped.
The output of ``dumpdata`` can be used as input for :djadmin:`loaddata`.
Note that ``dumpdata`` uses the default manager on the model for selecting the
records to dump. If you're using a :ref:`custom manager <custom-managers>` as
the default manager and it filters some of the available records, not all of the
objects will be dumped.
The :djadminopt:`--all` option may be provided to specify that
``dumpdata`` should use Django's base manager, dumping records which
might otherwise be filtered or modified by a custom manager.
.. django-admin-option:: --format <fmt>
By default, ``dumpdata`` will format its output in JSON, but you can use the
``--format`` option to specify another format. Currently supported formats
are listed in :ref:`serialization-formats`.
.. django-admin-option:: --indent <num>
By default, ``dumpdata`` will output all data on a single line. This isn't
easy for humans to read, so you can use the ``--indent`` option to
pretty-print the output with a number of indentation spaces.
The :djadminopt:`--exclude` option may be provided to prevent specific
applications or models (specified as in the form of ``appname.ModelName``) from
being dumped. If you specify a model name to ``dumpdata``, the dumped output
will be restricted to that model, rather than the entire application. You can
also mix application names and model names.
The :djadminopt:`--database` option can be used to specify the database
from which data will be dumped.
.. django-admin-option:: --natural-foreign
.. versionadded:: 1.7
When this option is specified, Django will use the ``natural_key()`` model
method to serialize any foreign key and many-to-many relationship to objects of
the type that defines the method. If you are dumping ``contrib.auth``
``Permission`` objects or ``contrib.contenttypes`` ``ContentType`` objects, you
should probably be using this flag. See the :ref:`natural keys
<topics-serialization-natural-keys>` documentation for more details on this
and the next option.
.. django-admin-option:: --natural-primary
.. versionadded:: 1.7
When this option is specified, Django will not provide the primary key in the
serialized data of this object since it can be calculated during
deserialization.
.. django-admin-option:: --natural
.. deprecated:: 1.7
Equivalent to the :djadminopt:`--natural-foreign` option; use that instead.
Use :ref:`natural keys <topics-serialization-natural-keys>` to represent
any foreign key and many-to-many relationship with a model that provides
a natural key definition.
.. versionadded:: 1.6
.. django-admin-option:: --pks
By default, ``dumpdata`` will output all the records of the model, but
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you can use the ``--pks`` option to specify a comma separated list of
primary keys on which to filter. This is only available when dumping
one model.
flush
-----
.. django-admin:: flush
Removes all data from the database, re-executes any post-synchronization
handlers, and reinstalls any initial data fixtures.
The :djadminopt:`--noinput` option may be provided to suppress all user
prompts.
The :djadminopt:`--database` option may be used to specify the database
to flush.
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``--no-initial-data``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Use ``--no-initial-data`` to avoid loading the initial_data fixture.
inspectdb
---------
.. django-admin:: inspectdb
Introspects the database tables in the database pointed-to by the
:setting:`NAME` setting and outputs a Django model module (a ``models.py``
file) to standard output.
Use this if you have a legacy database with which you'd like to use Django.
The script will inspect the database and create a model for each table within
it.
As you might expect, the created models will have an attribute for every field
in the table. Note that ``inspectdb`` has a few special cases in its field-name
output:
* If ``inspectdb`` cannot map a column's type to a model field type, it'll
use ``TextField`` and will insert the Python comment
``'This field type is a guess.'`` next to the field in the generated
model.
* If the database column name is a Python reserved word (such as
``'pass'``, ``'class'`` or ``'for'``), ``inspectdb`` will append
``'_field'`` to the attribute name. For example, if a table has a column
``'for'``, the generated model will have a field ``'for_field'``, with
the ``db_column`` attribute set to ``'for'``. ``inspectdb`` will insert
the Python comment
``'Field renamed because it was a Python reserved word.'`` next to the
field.
This feature is meant as a shortcut, not as definitive model generation. After
you run it, you'll want to look over the generated models yourself to make
customizations. In particular, you'll need to rearrange models' order, so that
models that refer to other models are ordered properly.
Primary keys are automatically introspected for PostgreSQL, MySQL and
SQLite, in which case Django puts in the ``primary_key=True`` where
needed.
``inspectdb`` works with PostgreSQL, MySQL and SQLite. Foreign-key detection
only works in PostgreSQL and with certain types of MySQL tables.
If your plan is that your Django application(s) modify data (i.e. edit, remove
records and create new ones) in the existing database tables corresponding to
any of the introspected models then one of the manual review and edit steps
you need to perform on the resulting ``models.py`` file is to change the
Python declaration of each one of these models to specify it is a
:attr:`managed <django.db.models.Options.managed>` one.
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This serves as an explicit opt-in to give your nascent Django project write
access to your precious data on a model by model basis.
The :djadminopt:`--database` option may be used to specify the
database to introspect.
.. versionchanged:: 1.6
The behavior by which introspected models are created as unmanaged ones is new
in Django 1.6.
loaddata <fixture fixture ...>
------------------------------
.. django-admin:: loaddata
Searches for and loads the contents of the named fixture into the database.
The :djadminopt:`--database` option can be used to specify the database
onto which the data will be loaded.
.. django-admin-option:: --ignorenonexistent
The :djadminopt:`--ignorenonexistent` option can be used to ignore fields that
may have been removed from models since the fixture was originally generated.
What's a "fixture"?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A *fixture* is a collection of files that contain the serialized contents of
the database. Each fixture has a unique name, and the files that comprise the
fixture can be distributed over multiple directories, in multiple applications.
Django will search in three locations for fixtures:
1. In the ``fixtures`` directory of every installed application
2. In any directory named in the :setting:`FIXTURE_DIRS` setting
3. In the literal path named by the fixture
Django will load any and all fixtures it finds in these locations that match
the provided fixture names.
If the named fixture has a file extension, only fixtures of that type
will be loaded. For example::
django-admin.py loaddata mydata.json
would only load JSON fixtures called ``mydata``. The fixture extension
must correspond to the registered name of a
:ref:`serializer <serialization-formats>` (e.g., ``json`` or ``xml``).
If you omit the extensions, Django will search all available fixture types
for a matching fixture. For example::
django-admin.py loaddata mydata
would look for any fixture of any fixture type called ``mydata``. If a fixture
directory contained ``mydata.json``, that fixture would be loaded
as a JSON fixture.
The fixtures that are named can include directory components. These
directories will be included in the search path. For example::
django-admin.py loaddata foo/bar/mydata.json
would search ``<appname>/fixtures/foo/bar/mydata.json`` for each installed
application, ``<dirname>/foo/bar/mydata.json`` for each directory in
:setting:`FIXTURE_DIRS`, and the literal path ``foo/bar/mydata.json``.
When fixture files are processed, the data is saved to the database as is.
Model defined :meth:`~django.db.models.Model.save` methods are not called, and
any :data:`~django.db.models.signals.pre_save` or
:data:`~django.db.models.signals.post_save` signals will be called with
``raw=True`` since the instance only contains attributes that are local to the
model. You may, for example, want to disable handlers that access
related fields that aren't present during fixture loading and would otherwise
raise an exception::
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from .models import MyModel
def my_handler(**kwargs):
# disable the handler during fixture loading
if kwargs['raw']:
return
...
post_save.connect(my_handler, sender=MyModel)
You could also write a simple decorator to encapsulate this logic::
from functools import wraps
def disable_for_loaddata(signal_handler):
"""
Decorator that turns off signal handlers when loading fixture data.
"""
@wraps(signal_handler)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
if kwargs['raw']:
return
signal_handler(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
@disable_for_loaddata
def my_handler(**kwargs):
...
Just be aware that this logic will disable the signals whenever fixtures are
deserialized, not just during ``loaddata``.
Note that the order in which fixture files are processed is undefined. However,
all fixture data is installed as a single transaction, so data in
one fixture can reference data in another fixture. If the database backend
supports row-level constraints, these constraints will be checked at the
end of the transaction.
The :djadmin:`dumpdata` command can be used to generate input for ``loaddata``.
Compressed fixtures
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Fixtures may be compressed in ``zip``, ``gz``, or ``bz2`` format. For example::
django-admin.py loaddata mydata.json
would look for any of ``mydata.json``, ``mydata.json.zip``,
``mydata.json.gz``, or ``mydata.json.bz2``. The first file contained within a
zip-compressed archive is used.
Note that if two fixtures with the same name but different
fixture type are discovered (for example, if ``mydata.json`` and
``mydata.xml.gz`` were found in the same fixture directory), fixture
installation will be aborted, and any data installed in the call to
``loaddata`` will be removed from the database.
.. admonition:: MySQL with MyISAM and fixtures
The MyISAM storage engine of MySQL doesn't support transactions or
constraints, so if you use MyISAM, you won't get validation of fixture
data, or a rollback if multiple transaction files are found.
Database-specific fixtures
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you're in a multi-database setup, you might have fixture data that
you want to load onto one database, but not onto another. In this
situation, you can add database identifier into the names of your fixtures.
For example, if your :setting:`DATABASES` setting has a 'master' database
defined, name the fixture ``mydata.master.json`` or
``mydata.master.json.gz`` and the fixture will only be loaded when you
specify you want to load data into the ``master`` database.
makemessages
------------
.. django-admin:: makemessages
Runs over the entire source tree of the current directory and pulls out all
strings marked for translation. It creates (or updates) a message file in the
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conf/locale (in the Django tree) or locale (for project and application)
directory. After making changes to the messages files you need to compile them
with :djadmin:`compilemessages` for use with the builtin gettext support. See
the :ref:`i18n documentation <how-to-create-language-files>` for details.
.. django-admin-option:: --all
Use the ``--all`` or ``-a`` option to update the message files for all
available languages.
Example usage::
django-admin.py makemessages --all
.. django-admin-option:: --extension
Use the ``--extension`` or ``-e`` option to specify a list of file extensions
to examine (default: ".html", ".txt").
Example usage::
django-admin.py makemessages --locale=de --extension xhtml
Separate multiple extensions with commas or use -e or --extension multiple times::
django-admin.py makemessages --locale=de --extension=html,txt --extension xml
Use the :djadminopt:`--locale` option (or its shorter version ``-l``) to
specify the locale(s) to process.
Example usage::
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django-admin.py makemessages --locale=pt_BR
django-admin.py makemessages --locale=pt_BR --locale=fr
django-admin.py makemessages -l pt_BR
django-admin.py makemessages -l pt_BR -l fr
.. versionchanged:: 1.6
Added the ability to specify multiple locales.
.. django-admin-option:: --domain
Use the ``--domain`` or ``-d`` option to change the domain of the messages files.
Currently supported:
* ``django`` for all ``*.py``, ``*.html`` and ``*.txt`` files (default)
* ``djangojs`` for ``*.js`` files
.. django-admin-option:: --symlinks
Use the ``--symlinks`` or ``-s`` option to follow symlinks to directories when
looking for new translation strings.
Example usage::
django-admin.py makemessages --locale=de --symlinks
.. django-admin-option:: --ignore
Use the ``--ignore`` or ``-i`` option to ignore files or directories matching
the given :mod:`glob`-style pattern. Use multiple times to ignore more.
These patterns are used by default: ``'CVS'``, ``'.*'``, ``'*~'``, ``'*.pyc'``
Example usage::
django-admin.py makemessages --locale=en_US --ignore=apps/* --ignore=secret/*.html
.. django-admin-option:: --no-default-ignore
Use the ``--no-default-ignore`` option to disable the default values of
:djadminopt:`--ignore`.
.. django-admin-option:: --no-wrap
Use the ``--no-wrap`` option to disable breaking long message lines into
several lines in language files.
.. django-admin-option:: --no-location
Use the ``--no-location`` option to not write '``#: filename:line``
comment lines in language files. Note that using this option makes it harder
for technically skilled translators to understand each message's context.
.. django-admin-option:: --keep-pot
.. versionadded:: 1.6
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Use the ``--keep-pot`` option to prevent Django from deleting the temporary
.pot files it generates before creating the .po file. This is useful for
debugging errors which may prevent the final language files from being created.
makemigrations [<appname>]
--------------------------
.. django-admin:: makemigrations
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.. versionadded:: 1.7
Creates new migrations based on the changes detected to your models.
Migrations, their relationship with apps and more are covered in depth in
:doc:`the migrations documentation</topics/migrations>`.
Providing one or more app names as arguments will limit the migrations created
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to the app(s) specified and any dependencies needed (the table at the other end
of a ``ForeignKey``, for example).
.. django-admin-option:: --empty
The ``--empty`` option will cause ``makemigrations`` to output an empty
migration for the specified apps, for manual editing. This option is only
for advanced users and should not be used unless you are familiar with
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the migration format, migration operations, and the dependencies between
your migrations.
migrate [<appname> [<migrationname>]]
-------------------------------------
.. django-admin:: migrate
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.. versionadded:: 1.7
Synchronizes the database state with the current set of models and migrations.
Migrations, their relationship with apps and more are covered in depth in
:doc:`the migrations documentation</topics/migrations>`.
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The behavior of this command changes depending on the arguments provided:
* No arguments: All migrated apps have all of their migrations run,
and all unmigrated apps are synchronized with the database,
* ``<appname>``: The specified app has its migrations run, up to the most
recent migration. This may involve running other apps' migrations too, due
to dependencies.
* ``<appname> <migrationname>``: Brings the database schema to a state where it
would have just run the given migration, but no further - this may involve
unapplying migrations if you have previously migrated past the named
migration. Use the name `zero` to unapply all migrations for an app.
runfcgi [options]
-----------------
.. django-admin:: runfcgi
.. deprecated:: 1.7
FastCGI support is deprecated and will be removed in Django 1.9.
Starts a set of FastCGI processes suitable for use with any Web server that
supports the FastCGI protocol. See the :doc:`FastCGI deployment documentation
</howto/deployment/fastcgi>` for details. Requires the Python FastCGI module from
`flup`_.
Internally, this wraps the WSGI application object specified by the
:setting:`WSGI_APPLICATION` setting.
.. _flup: http://www.saddi.com/software/flup/
The options accepted by this command are passed to the FastCGI library and
don't use the ``'--'`` prefix as is usual for other Django management commands.
.. django-admin-option:: protocol
``protocol=PROTOCOL``
Protocol to use. *PROTOCOL* can be ``fcgi``, ``scgi``, ``ajp``, etc.
(default is ``fcgi``)
.. django-admin-option:: host
``host=HOSTNAME``
Hostname to listen on.
.. django-admin-option:: port
``port=PORTNUM``
Port to listen on.
.. django-admin-option:: socket
``socket=FILE``
UNIX socket to listen on.
.. django-admin-option:: method
``method=IMPL``
Possible values: ``prefork`` or ``threaded`` (default ``prefork``)
.. django-admin-option:: maxrequests
``maxrequests=NUMBER``
Number of requests a child handles before it is killed and a new child is
forked (0 means no limit).
.. django-admin-option:: maxspare
``maxspare=NUMBER``
Max number of spare processes / threads.
.. django-admin-option:: minspare
``minspare=NUMBER``
Min number of spare processes / threads.
.. django-admin-option:: maxchildren
``maxchildren=NUMBER``
Hard limit number of processes / threads.
.. django-admin-option:: daemonize
``daemonize=BOOL``
Whether to detach from terminal.
.. django-admin-option:: pidfile
``pidfile=FILE``
Write the spawned process-id to file *FILE*.
.. django-admin-option:: workdir
``workdir=DIRECTORY``
Change to directory *DIRECTORY* when daemonizing.
.. django-admin-option:: debug
``debug=BOOL``
Set to true to enable flup tracebacks.
.. django-admin-option:: outlog
``outlog=FILE``
Write stdout to the *FILE* file.
.. django-admin-option:: errlog
``errlog=FILE``
Write stderr to the *FILE* file.
.. django-admin-option:: umask
``umask=UMASK``
Umask to use when daemonizing. The value is interpeted as an octal number
(default value is ``022``).
Example usage::
django-admin.py runfcgi socket=/tmp/fcgi.sock method=prefork daemonize=true \
pidfile=/var/run/django-fcgi.pid
Run a FastCGI server as a daemon and write the spawned PID in a file.
runserver [port or address:port]
--------------------------------
.. django-admin:: runserver
Starts a lightweight development Web server on the local machine. By default,
the server runs on port 8000 on the IP address ``127.0.0.1``. You can pass in an
IP address and port number explicitly.
If you run this script as a user with normal privileges (recommended), you
might not have access to start a port on a low port number. Low port numbers
are reserved for the superuser (root).
This server uses the WSGI application object specified by the
:setting:`WSGI_APPLICATION` setting.
DO NOT USE THIS SERVER IN A PRODUCTION SETTING. It has not gone through
security audits or performance tests. (And that's how it's gonna stay. We're in
the business of making Web frameworks, not Web servers, so improving this
server to be able to handle a production environment is outside the scope of
Django.)
The development server automatically reloads Python code for each request, as
needed. You don't need to restart the server for code changes to take effect.
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However, some actions like adding files don't trigger a restart, so you'll
have to restart the server in these cases.
.. versionchanged:: 1.7
Compiling translation files now also restarts the development server.
If you are using Linux and install `pyinotify`_, kernel signals will be used to
autoreload the server (rather than polling file modification timestamps each
second). This offers better scaling to large projects, reduction in response
time to code modification, more robust change detection, and battery usage
reduction.
.. _pyinotify: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyinotify/
.. versionadded:: 1.7
``pyinotify`` support was added.
When you start the server, and each time you change Python code while the
server is running, the server will validate all of your installed models. (See
the :djadmin:`validate` command below.) If the validator finds errors, it will
print them to standard output, but it won't stop the server.
You can run as many servers as you want, as long as they're on separate ports.
Just execute ``django-admin.py runserver`` more than once.
Note that the default IP address, ``127.0.0.1``, is not accessible from other
machines on your network. To make your development server viewable to other
machines on the network, use its own IP address (e.g. ``192.168.2.1``) or
``0.0.0.0`` or ``::`` (with IPv6 enabled).
You can provide an IPv6 address surrounded by brackets
(e.g. ``[200a::1]:8000``). This will automatically enable IPv6 support.
A hostname containing ASCII-only characters can also be used.
If the :doc:`staticfiles</ref/contrib/staticfiles>` contrib app is enabled
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(default in new projects) the :djadmin:`runserver` command will be overridden
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with its own :ref:`runserver<staticfiles-runserver>` command.
.. django-admin-option:: --noreload
Use the ``--noreload`` option to disable the use of the auto-reloader. This
means any Python code changes you make while the server is running will *not*
take effect if the particular Python modules have already been loaded into
memory.
Example usage::
django-admin.py runserver --noreload
.. django-admin-option:: --nothreading
The development server is multithreaded by default. Use the ``--nothreading``
option to disable the use of threading in the development server.
.. django-admin-option:: --ipv6, -6
Use the ``--ipv6`` (or shorter ``-6``) option to tell Django to use IPv6 for
the development server. This changes the default IP address from
``127.0.0.1`` to ``::1``.
Example usage::
django-admin.py runserver --ipv6
Examples of using different ports and addresses
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Port 8000 on IP address ``127.0.0.1``::
django-admin.py runserver
Port 8000 on IP address ``1.2.3.4``::
django-admin.py runserver 1.2.3.4:8000
Port 7000 on IP address ``127.0.0.1``::
django-admin.py runserver 7000
Port 7000 on IP address ``1.2.3.4``::
django-admin.py runserver 1.2.3.4:7000
Port 8000 on IPv6 address ``::1``::
django-admin.py runserver -6
Port 7000 on IPv6 address ``::1``::
django-admin.py runserver -6 7000
Port 7000 on IPv6 address ``2001:0db8:1234:5678::9``::
django-admin.py runserver [2001:0db8:1234:5678::9]:7000
Port 8000 on IPv4 address of host ``localhost``::
django-admin.py runserver localhost:8000
Port 8000 on IPv6 address of host ``localhost``::
django-admin.py runserver -6 localhost:8000
Serving static files with the development server
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
By default, the development server doesn't serve any static files for your site
(such as CSS files, images, things under :setting:`MEDIA_URL` and so forth). If
you want to configure Django to serve static media, read
:doc:`/howto/static-files/index`.
shell
-----
.. django-admin:: shell
Starts the Python interactive interpreter.
Django will use IPython_ or bpython_ if either is installed. If you have a
rich shell installed but want to force use of the "plain" Python interpreter,
use the ``--plain`` option, like so::
django-admin.py shell --plain
If you would like to specify either IPython or bpython as your interpreter if
you have both installed you can specify an alternative interpreter interface
with the ``-i`` or ``--interface`` options like so:
IPython::
django-admin.py shell -i ipython
django-admin.py shell --interface ipython
bpython::
django-admin.py shell -i bpython
django-admin.py shell --interface bpython
.. _IPython: http://ipython.scipy.org/
.. _bpython: http://bpython-interpreter.org/
When the "plain" Python interactive interpreter starts (be it because
``--plain`` was specified or because no other interactive interface is
available) it reads the script pointed to by the :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP`
environment variable and the ``~/.pythonrc.py`` script. If you don't wish this
behavior you can use the ``--no-startup`` option. e.g.::
django-admin.py shell --plain --no-startup
.. versionadded:: 1.6
The ``--no-startup`` option was added in Django 1.6.
sql <appname appname ...>
-------------------------
.. django-admin:: sql
Prints the CREATE TABLE SQL statements for the given app name(s).
The :djadminopt:`--database` option can be used to specify the database for
which to print the SQL.
sqlall <appname appname ...>
----------------------------
.. django-admin:: sqlall
Prints the CREATE TABLE and initial-data SQL statements for the given app name(s).
Refer to the description of :djadmin:`sqlcustom` for an explanation of how to
specify initial data.
The :djadminopt:`--database` option can be used to specify the database for
which to print the SQL.
sqlclear <appname appname ...>
------------------------------
.. django-admin:: sqlclear
Prints the DROP TABLE SQL statements for the given app name(s).
The :djadminopt:`--database` option can be used to specify the database for
which to print the SQL.
sqlcustom <appname appname ...>
-------------------------------
.. django-admin:: sqlcustom
Prints the custom SQL statements for the given app name(s).
For each model in each specified app, this command looks for the file
``<appname>/sql/<modelname>.sql``, where ``<appname>`` is the given app name and
``<modelname>`` is the model's name in lowercase. For example, if you have an
app ``news`` that includes a ``Story`` model, ``sqlcustom`` will attempt
to read a file ``news/sql/story.sql`` and append it to the output of this
command.
Each of the SQL files, if given, is expected to contain valid SQL. The SQL
files are piped directly into the database after all of the models'
table-creation statements have been executed. Use this SQL hook to make any
table modifications, or insert any SQL functions into the database.
Note that the order in which the SQL files are processed is undefined.
The :djadminopt:`--database` option can be used to specify the database for
which to print the SQL.
sqldropindexes <appname appname ...>
2013-02-24 20:58:24 +08:00
------------------------------------
.. django-admin:: sqldropindexes
.. versionadded:: 1.6
Prints the DROP INDEX SQL statements for the given app name(s).
The :djadminopt:`--database` option can be used to specify the database for
which to print the SQL.
sqlflush
--------
.. django-admin:: sqlflush
Prints the SQL statements that would be executed for the :djadmin:`flush`
command.
The :djadminopt:`--database` option can be used to specify the database for
which to print the SQL.
sqlindexes <appname appname ...>
--------------------------------
.. django-admin:: sqlindexes
Prints the CREATE INDEX SQL statements for the given app name(s).
The :djadminopt:`--database` option can be used to specify the database for
which to print the SQL.
sqlmigrate <appname> <migrationname>
------------------------------------
.. django-admin:: sqlmigrate
Prints the SQL for the named migration. This requires an active database
connection, which it will use to resolve constraint names; this means you must
generate the SQL against a copy of the database you wish to later apply it on.
The :djadminopt:`--database` option can be used to specify the database for
which to generate the SQL.
.. django-admin-option:: --backwards
By default, the SQL created is for running the migration in the forwards
direction. Pass ``--backwards`` to generate the SQL for
un-applying the migration instead.
sqlsequencereset <appname appname ...>
--------------------------------------
.. django-admin:: sqlsequencereset
Prints the SQL statements for resetting sequences for the given app name(s).
Sequences are indexes used by some database engines to track the next available
number for automatically incremented fields.
Use this command to generate SQL which will fix cases where a sequence is out
of sync with its automatically incremented field data.
The :djadminopt:`--database` option can be used to specify the database for
which to print the SQL.
startapp <appname> [destination]
--------------------------------
.. django-admin:: startapp
Creates a Django app directory structure for the given app name in the current
directory or the given destination.
By default the directory created contains a ``models.py`` file and other app
template files. (See the `source`_ for more details.) If only the app
name is given, the app directory will be created in the current working
directory.
If the optional destination is provided, Django will use that existing
directory rather than creating a new one. You can use '.' to denote the current
working directory.
For example::
django-admin.py startapp myapp /Users/jezdez/Code/myapp
Simplified default project template. Squashed commit of: commit 508ec9144b35c50794708225b496bde1eb5e60aa Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 22:50:55 2013 +0100 Tweaked default settings file. * Explained why BASE_DIR exists. * Added a link to the database configuration options, and put it in its own section. * Moved sensitive settings that must be changed for production at the top. commit 6515fd2f1aa73a86dc8dbd2ccf512ddb6b140d57 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 14:35:21 2013 +0100 Documented the simplified app & project templates in the changelog. commit 2c5b576c2ea91d84273a019b3d0b3b8b4da72f23 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 13:59:27 2013 +0100 Minor fixes in tutorials 5 and 6. commit 55a51531be8104f21b3cca3f6bf70b0a7139a041 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 13:51:11 2013 +0100 Updated tutorial 2 for the new project template. commit 29ddae87bdaecff12dd31b16b000c01efbde9e20 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 11:58:54 2013 +0100 Updated tutorial 1 for the new project template. commit 0ecb9f6e2514cfd26a678a280d471433375101a3 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 11:29:13 2013 +0100 Adjusted the default URLconf detection to account for the admin. It's now enabled by default. commit 5fb4da0d3d09dac28dd94e3fde92b9d4335c0565 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 10:36:55 2013 +0100 Added security warnings for the most sensitive settings. commit 718d84bd8ac4a42fb4b28ec93965de32680f091e Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 23:24:06 2013 +0100 Used an absolute path for the SQLite database. This ensures the settings file works regardless of which directory django-admin.py / manage.py is invoked from. BASE_DIR got a +1 from a BDFL and another core dev. It doesn't involve the concept of a "Django project"; it's just a convenient way to express relative paths within the source code repository for non-Python files. Thanks Jacob Kaplan-Moss for the suggestion. commit 1b559b4bcda622e10909b68fe5cab90db6727dd9 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 23:22:40 2013 +0100 Removed STATIC_ROOT from the default settings template. It isn't necessary in development, and it confuses beginners to no end. Thanks Carl Meyer for the suggestion. commit a55f141a500bb7c9a1bc259bbe1954c13b199671 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 23:21:43 2013 +0100 Removed MEDIA_ROOT/URL from default settings template. Many sites will never deal with user-uploaded files, and MEDIA_ROOT is complicated to explain. Thanks Carl Meyer for the suggestion. commit 44bf2f2441420fd9429ee9fe1f7207f92dd87e70 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 22:22:09 2013 +0100 Removed logging config. This configuration is applied regardless of the value of LOGGING; duplicating it in LOGGING is confusing. commit eac747e848eaed65fd5f6f254f0a7559d856f88f Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 22:05:31 2013 +0100 Enabled the locale middleware by default. USE_I18N is True by default, and doesn't work well without LocaleMiddleware. commit d806c62b2d00826dc2688c84b092627b8d571cab Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 22:03:16 2013 +0100 Enabled clickjacking protection by default. commit 99152c30e6a15003f0b6737dc78e87adf462aacb Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 22:01:48 2013 +0100 Reorganized settings in logical sections, and trimmed comments. commit d37ffdfcb24b7e0ec7cc113d07190f65fb12fb8a Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:54:11 2013 +0100 Avoided misleading TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG. According to the docs TEMPLATE_DEBUG works only when DEBUG = True. commit 15d9478d3a9850e85841e7cf09cf83050371c6bf Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:46:25 2013 +0100 Removed STATICFILES_FINDERS/TEMPLATE_LOADERS from default settings file. Only developers with special needs ever need to change these settings. commit 574da0eb5bfb4570883756914b4dbd7e20e1f61e Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:45:01 2013 +0100 Removed STATICFILES/TEMPLATES_DIRS from default settings file. The current best practice is to put static files and templates in applications, for easier testing and deployment. commit 8cb18dbe56629aa1be74718a07e7cc66b4f9c9f0 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:24:16 2013 +0100 Removed settings related to email reporting from default settings file. While handy for small scale projects, it isn't exactly a best practice. commit 8ecbfcb3638058f0c49922540f874a7d802d864f Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 18:54:43 2013 +0100 Documented how to enable the sites framework. commit 23fc91a6fa67d91ddd9d71b1c3e0dc26bdad9841 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:28:59 2013 +0100 Disabled the sites framework by default. RequestSite does the job for single-domain websites. commit c4d82eb8afc0eb8568bf9c4d12644272415e3960 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 00:08:33 2013 +0100 Added a default admin.py to the application template. Thanks Ryan D Hiebert for the suggestion. commit 4071dc771e5c44b1c5ebb9beecefb164ae465e22 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 10:59:49 2013 +0100 Enabled the admin by default. Everyone uses the admin. commit c807a31f8d89e7e7fd97380e3023f7983a8b6fcb Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 10:57:05 2013 +0100 Removed admindocs from default project template. commit 09e4ce0e652a97da1a9e285046a91c8ad7a9189c Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:32:52 2013 +0100 Added links to the settings documentation. commit 5b8f5eaef364eb790fcde6f9e86f7d266074cca8 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 11:06:54 2013 +0100 Used a significant example for URLconf includes. commit 908e91d6fcee2a3cb51ca26ecdf12a6a24e69ef8 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:22:31 2013 +0100 Moved code comments about WSGI to docs, and rewrote said docs. commit 50417e51996146f891d08ca8b74dcc736a581932 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 15:51:50 2013 +0100 Normalized the default application template. Removed the default test that 1 + 1 = 2, because it's been committed way too many times, in too many projects. Added an import of `render` for views, because the first view will often be: def home(request): return render(request, "mysite/home.html")
2013-01-28 22:51:50 +08:00
.. _custom-app-and-project-templates:
.. django-admin-option:: --template
With the ``--template`` option, you can use a custom app template by providing
either the path to a directory with the app template file, or a path to a
compressed file (``.tar.gz``, ``.tar.bz2``, ``.tgz``, ``.tbz``, ``.zip``)
containing the app template files.
For example, this would look for an app template in the given directory when
creating the ``myapp`` app::
django-admin.py startapp --template=/Users/jezdez/Code/my_app_template myapp
Django will also accept URLs (``http``, ``https``, ``ftp``) to compressed
archives with the app template files, downloading and extracting them on the
fly.
For example, taking advantage of Github's feature to expose repositories as
zip files, you can use a URL like::
django-admin.py startapp --template=https://github.com/githubuser/django-app-template/archive/master.zip myapp
When Django copies the app template files, it also renders certain files
through the template engine: the files whose extensions match the
``--extension`` option (``py`` by default) and the files whose names are passed
with the ``--name`` option. The :class:`template context
<django.template.Context>` used is:
- Any option passed to the startapp command (among the command's supported
options)
- ``app_name`` -- the app name as passed to the command
- ``app_directory`` -- the full path of the newly created app
Simplified default project template. Squashed commit of: commit 508ec9144b35c50794708225b496bde1eb5e60aa Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 22:50:55 2013 +0100 Tweaked default settings file. * Explained why BASE_DIR exists. * Added a link to the database configuration options, and put it in its own section. * Moved sensitive settings that must be changed for production at the top. commit 6515fd2f1aa73a86dc8dbd2ccf512ddb6b140d57 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 14:35:21 2013 +0100 Documented the simplified app & project templates in the changelog. commit 2c5b576c2ea91d84273a019b3d0b3b8b4da72f23 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 13:59:27 2013 +0100 Minor fixes in tutorials 5 and 6. commit 55a51531be8104f21b3cca3f6bf70b0a7139a041 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 13:51:11 2013 +0100 Updated tutorial 2 for the new project template. commit 29ddae87bdaecff12dd31b16b000c01efbde9e20 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 11:58:54 2013 +0100 Updated tutorial 1 for the new project template. commit 0ecb9f6e2514cfd26a678a280d471433375101a3 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 11:29:13 2013 +0100 Adjusted the default URLconf detection to account for the admin. It's now enabled by default. commit 5fb4da0d3d09dac28dd94e3fde92b9d4335c0565 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 10:36:55 2013 +0100 Added security warnings for the most sensitive settings. commit 718d84bd8ac4a42fb4b28ec93965de32680f091e Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 23:24:06 2013 +0100 Used an absolute path for the SQLite database. This ensures the settings file works regardless of which directory django-admin.py / manage.py is invoked from. BASE_DIR got a +1 from a BDFL and another core dev. It doesn't involve the concept of a "Django project"; it's just a convenient way to express relative paths within the source code repository for non-Python files. Thanks Jacob Kaplan-Moss for the suggestion. commit 1b559b4bcda622e10909b68fe5cab90db6727dd9 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 23:22:40 2013 +0100 Removed STATIC_ROOT from the default settings template. It isn't necessary in development, and it confuses beginners to no end. Thanks Carl Meyer for the suggestion. commit a55f141a500bb7c9a1bc259bbe1954c13b199671 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 23:21:43 2013 +0100 Removed MEDIA_ROOT/URL from default settings template. Many sites will never deal with user-uploaded files, and MEDIA_ROOT is complicated to explain. Thanks Carl Meyer for the suggestion. commit 44bf2f2441420fd9429ee9fe1f7207f92dd87e70 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 22:22:09 2013 +0100 Removed logging config. This configuration is applied regardless of the value of LOGGING; duplicating it in LOGGING is confusing. commit eac747e848eaed65fd5f6f254f0a7559d856f88f Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 22:05:31 2013 +0100 Enabled the locale middleware by default. USE_I18N is True by default, and doesn't work well without LocaleMiddleware. commit d806c62b2d00826dc2688c84b092627b8d571cab Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 22:03:16 2013 +0100 Enabled clickjacking protection by default. commit 99152c30e6a15003f0b6737dc78e87adf462aacb Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 22:01:48 2013 +0100 Reorganized settings in logical sections, and trimmed comments. commit d37ffdfcb24b7e0ec7cc113d07190f65fb12fb8a Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:54:11 2013 +0100 Avoided misleading TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG. According to the docs TEMPLATE_DEBUG works only when DEBUG = True. commit 15d9478d3a9850e85841e7cf09cf83050371c6bf Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:46:25 2013 +0100 Removed STATICFILES_FINDERS/TEMPLATE_LOADERS from default settings file. Only developers with special needs ever need to change these settings. commit 574da0eb5bfb4570883756914b4dbd7e20e1f61e Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:45:01 2013 +0100 Removed STATICFILES/TEMPLATES_DIRS from default settings file. The current best practice is to put static files and templates in applications, for easier testing and deployment. commit 8cb18dbe56629aa1be74718a07e7cc66b4f9c9f0 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:24:16 2013 +0100 Removed settings related to email reporting from default settings file. While handy for small scale projects, it isn't exactly a best practice. commit 8ecbfcb3638058f0c49922540f874a7d802d864f Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 18:54:43 2013 +0100 Documented how to enable the sites framework. commit 23fc91a6fa67d91ddd9d71b1c3e0dc26bdad9841 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:28:59 2013 +0100 Disabled the sites framework by default. RequestSite does the job for single-domain websites. commit c4d82eb8afc0eb8568bf9c4d12644272415e3960 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 00:08:33 2013 +0100 Added a default admin.py to the application template. Thanks Ryan D Hiebert for the suggestion. commit 4071dc771e5c44b1c5ebb9beecefb164ae465e22 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 10:59:49 2013 +0100 Enabled the admin by default. Everyone uses the admin. commit c807a31f8d89e7e7fd97380e3023f7983a8b6fcb Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 10:57:05 2013 +0100 Removed admindocs from default project template. commit 09e4ce0e652a97da1a9e285046a91c8ad7a9189c Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:32:52 2013 +0100 Added links to the settings documentation. commit 5b8f5eaef364eb790fcde6f9e86f7d266074cca8 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 11:06:54 2013 +0100 Used a significant example for URLconf includes. commit 908e91d6fcee2a3cb51ca26ecdf12a6a24e69ef8 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:22:31 2013 +0100 Moved code comments about WSGI to docs, and rewrote said docs. commit 50417e51996146f891d08ca8b74dcc736a581932 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 15:51:50 2013 +0100 Normalized the default application template. Removed the default test that 1 + 1 = 2, because it's been committed way too many times, in too many projects. Added an import of `render` for views, because the first view will often be: def home(request): return render(request, "mysite/home.html")
2013-01-28 22:51:50 +08:00
- ``docs_version`` -- the version of the documentation: ``'dev'`` or ``'1.x'``
.. _render_warning:
.. warning::
When the app template files are rendered with the Django template
engine (by default all ``*.py`` files), Django will also replace all
stray template variables contained. For example, if one of the Python files
contains a docstring explaining a particular feature related
to template rendering, it might result in an incorrect example.
To work around this problem, you can use the :ttag:`templatetag`
templatetag to "escape" the various parts of the template syntax.
.. _source: https://github.com/django/django/tree/master/django/conf/app_template/
startproject <projectname> [destination]
----------------------------------------
.. django-admin:: startproject
Creates a Django project directory structure for the given project name in
the current directory or the given destination.
By default, the new directory contains ``manage.py`` and a project package
(containing a ``settings.py`` and other files). See the `template source`_ for
details.
If only the project name is given, both the project directory and project
package will be named ``<projectname>`` and the project directory
will be created in the current working directory.
If the optional destination is provided, Django will use that existing
directory as the project directory, and create ``manage.py`` and the project
package within it. Use '.' to denote the current working directory.
For example::
django-admin.py startproject myproject /Users/jezdez/Code/myproject_repo
As with the :djadmin:`startapp` command, the ``--template`` option lets you
specify a directory, file path or URL of a custom project template. See the
:djadmin:`startapp` documentation for details of supported project template
formats.
For example, this would look for a project template in the given directory
when creating the ``myproject`` project::
django-admin.py startproject --template=/Users/jezdez/Code/my_project_template myproject
Django will also accept URLs (``http``, ``https``, ``ftp``) to compressed
archives with the project template files, downloading and extracting them on the
fly.
For example, taking advantage of Github's feature to expose repositories as
zip files, you can use a URL like::
django-admin.py startproject --template=https://github.com/githubuser/django-project-template/archive/master.zip myproject
When Django copies the project template files, it also renders certain files
through the template engine: the files whose extensions match the
``--extension`` option (``py`` by default) and the files whose names are passed
with the ``--name`` option. The :class:`template context
<django.template.Context>` used is:
- Any option passed to the startapp command (among the command's supported
options)
- ``project_name`` -- the project name as passed to the command
- ``project_directory`` -- the full path of the newly created project
- ``secret_key`` -- a random key for the :setting:`SECRET_KEY` setting
Simplified default project template. Squashed commit of: commit 508ec9144b35c50794708225b496bde1eb5e60aa Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 22:50:55 2013 +0100 Tweaked default settings file. * Explained why BASE_DIR exists. * Added a link to the database configuration options, and put it in its own section. * Moved sensitive settings that must be changed for production at the top. commit 6515fd2f1aa73a86dc8dbd2ccf512ddb6b140d57 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 14:35:21 2013 +0100 Documented the simplified app & project templates in the changelog. commit 2c5b576c2ea91d84273a019b3d0b3b8b4da72f23 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 13:59:27 2013 +0100 Minor fixes in tutorials 5 and 6. commit 55a51531be8104f21b3cca3f6bf70b0a7139a041 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 13:51:11 2013 +0100 Updated tutorial 2 for the new project template. commit 29ddae87bdaecff12dd31b16b000c01efbde9e20 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 11:58:54 2013 +0100 Updated tutorial 1 for the new project template. commit 0ecb9f6e2514cfd26a678a280d471433375101a3 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 11:29:13 2013 +0100 Adjusted the default URLconf detection to account for the admin. It's now enabled by default. commit 5fb4da0d3d09dac28dd94e3fde92b9d4335c0565 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 10:36:55 2013 +0100 Added security warnings for the most sensitive settings. commit 718d84bd8ac4a42fb4b28ec93965de32680f091e Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 23:24:06 2013 +0100 Used an absolute path for the SQLite database. This ensures the settings file works regardless of which directory django-admin.py / manage.py is invoked from. BASE_DIR got a +1 from a BDFL and another core dev. It doesn't involve the concept of a "Django project"; it's just a convenient way to express relative paths within the source code repository for non-Python files. Thanks Jacob Kaplan-Moss for the suggestion. commit 1b559b4bcda622e10909b68fe5cab90db6727dd9 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 23:22:40 2013 +0100 Removed STATIC_ROOT from the default settings template. It isn't necessary in development, and it confuses beginners to no end. Thanks Carl Meyer for the suggestion. commit a55f141a500bb7c9a1bc259bbe1954c13b199671 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 23:21:43 2013 +0100 Removed MEDIA_ROOT/URL from default settings template. Many sites will never deal with user-uploaded files, and MEDIA_ROOT is complicated to explain. Thanks Carl Meyer for the suggestion. commit 44bf2f2441420fd9429ee9fe1f7207f92dd87e70 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 22:22:09 2013 +0100 Removed logging config. This configuration is applied regardless of the value of LOGGING; duplicating it in LOGGING is confusing. commit eac747e848eaed65fd5f6f254f0a7559d856f88f Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 22:05:31 2013 +0100 Enabled the locale middleware by default. USE_I18N is True by default, and doesn't work well without LocaleMiddleware. commit d806c62b2d00826dc2688c84b092627b8d571cab Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 22:03:16 2013 +0100 Enabled clickjacking protection by default. commit 99152c30e6a15003f0b6737dc78e87adf462aacb Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 22:01:48 2013 +0100 Reorganized settings in logical sections, and trimmed comments. commit d37ffdfcb24b7e0ec7cc113d07190f65fb12fb8a Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:54:11 2013 +0100 Avoided misleading TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG. According to the docs TEMPLATE_DEBUG works only when DEBUG = True. commit 15d9478d3a9850e85841e7cf09cf83050371c6bf Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:46:25 2013 +0100 Removed STATICFILES_FINDERS/TEMPLATE_LOADERS from default settings file. Only developers with special needs ever need to change these settings. commit 574da0eb5bfb4570883756914b4dbd7e20e1f61e Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:45:01 2013 +0100 Removed STATICFILES/TEMPLATES_DIRS from default settings file. The current best practice is to put static files and templates in applications, for easier testing and deployment. commit 8cb18dbe56629aa1be74718a07e7cc66b4f9c9f0 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:24:16 2013 +0100 Removed settings related to email reporting from default settings file. While handy for small scale projects, it isn't exactly a best practice. commit 8ecbfcb3638058f0c49922540f874a7d802d864f Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 18:54:43 2013 +0100 Documented how to enable the sites framework. commit 23fc91a6fa67d91ddd9d71b1c3e0dc26bdad9841 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:28:59 2013 +0100 Disabled the sites framework by default. RequestSite does the job for single-domain websites. commit c4d82eb8afc0eb8568bf9c4d12644272415e3960 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Tue Jan 29 00:08:33 2013 +0100 Added a default admin.py to the application template. Thanks Ryan D Hiebert for the suggestion. commit 4071dc771e5c44b1c5ebb9beecefb164ae465e22 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 10:59:49 2013 +0100 Enabled the admin by default. Everyone uses the admin. commit c807a31f8d89e7e7fd97380e3023f7983a8b6fcb Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 10:57:05 2013 +0100 Removed admindocs from default project template. commit 09e4ce0e652a97da1a9e285046a91c8ad7a9189c Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:32:52 2013 +0100 Added links to the settings documentation. commit 5b8f5eaef364eb790fcde6f9e86f7d266074cca8 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 11:06:54 2013 +0100 Used a significant example for URLconf includes. commit 908e91d6fcee2a3cb51ca26ecdf12a6a24e69ef8 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 16:22:31 2013 +0100 Moved code comments about WSGI to docs, and rewrote said docs. commit 50417e51996146f891d08ca8b74dcc736a581932 Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org> Date: Mon Jan 28 15:51:50 2013 +0100 Normalized the default application template. Removed the default test that 1 + 1 = 2, because it's been committed way too many times, in too many projects. Added an import of `render` for views, because the first view will often be: def home(request): return render(request, "mysite/home.html")
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- ``docs_version`` -- the version of the documentation: ``'dev'`` or ``'1.x'``
Please also see the :ref:`rendering warning <render_warning>` as mentioned
for :djadmin:`startapp`.
.. _`template source`: https://github.com/django/django/tree/master/django/conf/project_template/
syncdb
------
.. django-admin:: syncdb
.. deprecated:: 1.7
This command has been deprecated in favour of the :djadmin:`migrate`
command, which performs both the old behaviour as well as executing
migrations. It is now just an alias to that command.
Alias for :djadmin:`migrate`.
test <app or test identifier>
-----------------------------
.. django-admin:: test
Runs tests for all installed models. See :doc:`/topics/testing/index` for more
information.
.. django-admin-option:: --failfast
The ``--failfast`` option can be used to stop running tests and report the
failure immediately after a test fails.
.. django-admin-option:: --testrunner
The ``--testrunner`` option can be used to control the test runner class that
is used to execute tests. If this value is provided, it overrides the value
provided by the :setting:`TEST_RUNNER` setting.
.. django-admin-option:: --liveserver
The ``--liveserver`` option can be used to override the default address where
the live server (used with :class:`~django.test.LiveServerTestCase`) is
expected to run from. The default value is ``localhost:8081``.
testserver <fixture fixture ...>
--------------------------------
.. django-admin:: testserver
Runs a Django development server (as in :djadmin:`runserver`) using data from
the given fixture(s).
For example, this command::
django-admin.py testserver mydata.json
...would perform the following steps:
1. Create a test database, as described in :ref:`the-test-database`.
2. Populate the test database with fixture data from the given fixtures.
(For more on fixtures, see the documentation for :djadmin:`loaddata` above.)
3. Runs the Django development server (as in :djadmin:`runserver`), pointed at
this newly created test database instead of your production database.
This is useful in a number of ways:
* When you're writing :doc:`unit tests </topics/testing/overview>` of how your views
act with certain fixture data, you can use ``testserver`` to interact with
the views in a Web browser, manually.
* Let's say you're developing your Django application and have a "pristine"
copy of a database that you'd like to interact with. You can dump your
database to a fixture (using the :djadmin:`dumpdata` command, explained
above), then use ``testserver`` to run your Web application with that data.
With this arrangement, you have the flexibility of messing up your data
in any way, knowing that whatever data changes you're making are only
being made to a test database.
Note that this server does *not* automatically detect changes to your Python
source code (as :djadmin:`runserver` does). It does, however, detect changes to
templates.
.. django-admin-option:: --addrport [port number or ipaddr:port]
Use ``--addrport`` to specify a different port, or IP address and port, from
the default of ``127.0.0.1:8000``. This value follows exactly the same format and
serves exactly the same function as the argument to the :djadmin:`runserver`
command.
Examples:
To run the test server on port 7000 with ``fixture1`` and ``fixture2``::
django-admin.py testserver --addrport 7000 fixture1 fixture2
django-admin.py testserver fixture1 fixture2 --addrport 7000
(The above statements are equivalent. We include both of them to demonstrate
that it doesn't matter whether the options come before or after the fixture
arguments.)
To run on 1.2.3.4:7000 with a ``test`` fixture::
django-admin.py testserver --addrport 1.2.3.4:7000 test
The :djadminopt:`--noinput` option may be provided to suppress all user
prompts.
validate
--------
.. django-admin:: validate
Validates all installed models (according to the :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS`
setting) and prints validation errors to standard output.
Commands provided by applications
=================================
Some commands are only available when the ``django.contrib`` application that
:doc:`implements </howto/custom-management-commands>` them has been
:setting:`enabled <INSTALLED_APPS>`. This section describes them grouped by
their application.
``django.contrib.auth``
-----------------------
changepassword
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. django-admin:: changepassword
This command is only available if Django's :doc:`authentication system
</topics/auth/index>` (``django.contrib.auth``) is installed.
Allows changing a user's password. It prompts you to enter twice the password of
the user given as parameter. If they both match, the new password will be
changed immediately. If you do not supply a user, the command will attempt to
change the password whose username matches the current user.
Use the ``--database`` option to specify the database to query for the user. If
it's not supplied, Django will use the ``default`` database.
Example usage::
django-admin.py changepassword ringo
createsuperuser
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. django-admin:: createsuperuser
This command is only available if Django's :doc:`authentication system
</topics/auth/index>` (``django.contrib.auth``) is installed.
Creates a superuser account (a user who has all permissions). This is
useful if you need to create an initial superuser account but did not
do so during the first :djadmin:`migrate`, or if you need to programmatically
generate superuser accounts for your site(s).
When run interactively, this command will prompt for a password for
the new superuser account. When run non-interactively, no password
will be set, and the superuser account will not be able to log in until
a password has been manually set for it.
.. django-admin-option:: --username
.. django-admin-option:: --email
The username and email address for the new account can be supplied by
using the ``--username`` and ``--email`` arguments on the command
line. If either of those is not supplied, ``createsuperuser`` will prompt for
it when running interactively.
Use the ``--database`` option to specify the database into which the superuser
object will be saved.
``django.contrib.gis``
----------------------
ogrinspect
~~~~~~~~~~
This command is only available if :doc:`GeoDjango </ref/contrib/gis/index>`
(``django.contrib.gis``) is installed.
Please refer to its :djadmin:`description <ogrinspect>` in the GeoDjango
documentation.
``django.contrib.sessions``
---------------------------
clearsessions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. django-admin:: clearsessions
Can be run as a cron job or directly to clean out expired sessions.
``django.contrib.sitemaps``
---------------------------
ping_google
~~~~~~~~~~~
This command is only available if the :doc:`Sitemaps framework
</ref/contrib/sitemaps>` (``django.contrib.sitemaps``) is installed.
Please refer to its :djadmin:`description <ping_google>` in the Sitemaps
documentation.
``django.contrib.staticfiles``
------------------------------
collectstatic
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This command is only available if the :doc:`static files application
</howto/static-files/index>` (``django.contrib.staticfiles``) is installed.
Please refer to its :djadmin:`description <collectstatic>` in the
:doc:`staticfiles </ref/contrib/staticfiles>` documentation.
findstatic
~~~~~~~~~~
This command is only available if the :doc:`static files application
</howto/static-files/index>` (``django.contrib.staticfiles``) is installed.
Please refer to its :djadmin:`description <findstatic>` in the :doc:`staticfiles
</ref/contrib/staticfiles>` documentation.
Default options
===============
Although some commands may allow their own custom options, every command
allows for the following options:
.. django-admin-option:: --pythonpath
Example usage::
django-admin.py migrate --pythonpath='/home/djangoprojects/myproject'
Adds the given filesystem path to the Python `import search path`_. If this
isn't provided, ``django-admin.py`` will use the ``PYTHONPATH`` environment
variable.
Note that this option is unnecessary in ``manage.py``, because it takes care of
setting the Python path for you.
.. _import search path: http://diveintopython.net/getting_to_know_python/everything_is_an_object.html
.. django-admin-option:: --settings
Example usage::
django-admin.py migrate --settings=mysite.settings
Explicitly specifies the settings module to use. The settings module should be
in Python package syntax, e.g. ``mysite.settings``. If this isn't provided,
``django-admin.py`` will use the ``DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE`` environment
variable.
Note that this option is unnecessary in ``manage.py``, because it uses
``settings.py`` from the current project by default.
.. django-admin-option:: --traceback
Example usage::
django-admin.py migrate --traceback
By default, ``django-admin.py`` will show a simple error message whenever an
:class:`~django.core.management.CommandError` occurs, but a full stack trace
for any other exception. If you specify ``--traceback``, ``django-admin.py``
will also output a full stack trace when a ``CommandError`` is raised.
.. versionchanged:: 1.6
Previously, Django didn't show a full stack trace by default for exceptions
other than ``CommandError``.
.. django-admin-option:: --verbosity
Example usage::
django-admin.py migrate --verbosity 2
Use ``--verbosity`` to specify the amount of notification and debug information
that ``django-admin.py`` should print to the console.
* ``0`` means no output.
* ``1`` means normal output (default).
* ``2`` means verbose output.
* ``3`` means *very* verbose output.
.. django-admin-option:: --no-color
.. versionadded:: 1.7
Example usage::
django-admin.py sqlall --no-color
By default, ``django-admin.py`` will format the output to be colorized. For
example, errors will be printed to the console in red and SQL statements will
be syntax highlighted. To prevent this and have a plain text output, pass the
``--no-color`` option when running your command.
Common options
==============
The following options are not available on every command, but they are common
to a number of commands.
.. django-admin-option:: --database
Used to specify the database on which a command will operate. If not
specified, this option will default to an alias of ``default``.
For example, to dump data from the database with the alias ``master``::
django-admin.py dumpdata --database=master
.. django-admin-option:: --exclude
Exclude a specific application from the applications whose contents is
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output. For example, to specifically exclude the ``auth`` application from
the output of dumpdata, you would call::
django-admin.py dumpdata --exclude=auth
If you want to exclude multiple applications, use multiple ``--exclude``
directives::
django-admin.py dumpdata --exclude=auth --exclude=contenttypes
.. django-admin-option:: --locale
Use the ``--locale`` or ``-l`` option to specify the locale to process.
If not provided all locales are processed.
.. django-admin-option:: --noinput
Use the ``--noinput`` option to suppress all user prompting, such as "Are
you sure?" confirmation messages. This is useful if ``django-admin.py`` is
being executed as an unattended, automated script.
Extra niceties
==============
.. _syntax-coloring:
Syntax coloring
---------------
The ``django-admin.py`` / ``manage.py`` commands will use pretty
color-coded output if your terminal supports ANSI-colored output. It
won't use the color codes if you're piping the command's output to
another program.
Under Windows, the native console doesn't support ANSI escape sequences so by
default there is no color output. But you can install the `ANSICON`_
third-party tool, the Django commands will detect its presence and will make
use of its services to color output just like on Unix-based platforms.
The colors used for syntax highlighting can be customized. Django
ships with three color palettes:
* ``dark``, suited to terminals that show white text on a black
background. This is the default palette.
* ``light``, suited to terminals that show black text on a white
background.
* ``nocolor``, which disables syntax highlighting.
You select a palette by setting a ``DJANGO_COLORS`` environment
variable to specify the palette you want to use. For example, to
specify the ``light`` palette under a Unix or OS/X BASH shell, you
would run the following at a command prompt::
export DJANGO_COLORS="light"
You can also customize the colors that are used. Django specifies a
number of roles in which color is used:
* ``error`` - A major error.
* ``notice`` - A minor error.
* ``sql_field`` - The name of a model field in SQL.
* ``sql_coltype`` - The type of a model field in SQL.
* ``sql_keyword`` - An SQL keyword.
* ``sql_table`` - The name of a model in SQL.
* ``http_info`` - A 1XX HTTP Informational server response.
* ``http_success`` - A 2XX HTTP Success server response.
* ``http_not_modified`` - A 304 HTTP Not Modified server response.
* ``http_redirect`` - A 3XX HTTP Redirect server response other than 304.
* ``http_not_found`` - A 404 HTTP Not Found server response.
* ``http_bad_request`` - A 4XX HTTP Bad Request server response other than 404.
* ``http_server_error`` - A 5XX HTTP Server Error response.
Each of these roles can be assigned a specific foreground and
background color, from the following list:
* ``black``
* ``red``
* ``green``
* ``yellow``
* ``blue``
* ``magenta``
* ``cyan``
* ``white``
Each of these colors can then be modified by using the following
display options:
* ``bold``
* ``underscore``
* ``blink``
* ``reverse``
* ``conceal``
A color specification follows one of the following patterns:
* ``role=fg``
* ``role=fg/bg``
* ``role=fg,option,option``
* ``role=fg/bg,option,option``
where ``role`` is the name of a valid color role, ``fg`` is the
foreground color, ``bg`` is the background color and each ``option``
is one of the color modifying options. Multiple color specifications
are then separated by semicolon. For example::
export DJANGO_COLORS="error=yellow/blue,blink;notice=magenta"
would specify that errors be displayed using blinking yellow on blue,
and notices displayed using magenta. All other color roles would be
left uncolored.
Colors can also be specified by extending a base palette. If you put
a palette name in a color specification, all the colors implied by that
palette will be loaded. So::
export DJANGO_COLORS="light;error=yellow/blue,blink;notice=magenta"
would specify the use of all the colors in the light color palette,
*except* for the colors for errors and notices which would be
overridden as specified.
.. versionadded:: 1.7
Support for color-coded output from ``django-admin.py`` / ``manage.py``
utilities on Windows by relying on the ANSICON application was added in Django
1.7.
.. _ANSICON: http://adoxa.hostmyway.net/ansicon/
Bash completion
---------------
If you use the Bash shell, consider installing the Django bash completion
script, which lives in ``extras/django_bash_completion`` in the Django
distribution. It enables tab-completion of ``django-admin.py`` and
``manage.py`` commands, so you can, for instance...
* Type ``django-admin.py``.
* Press [TAB] to see all available options.
* Type ``sql``, then [TAB], to see all available options whose names start
with ``sql``.
See :doc:`/howto/custom-management-commands` for how to add customized actions.
==========================================
Running management commands from your code
==========================================
.. _call-command:
.. function:: django.core.management.call_command(name, *args, **options)
To call a management command from code use ``call_command``.
``name``
the name of the command to call.
``*args``
a list of arguments accepted by the command.
``**options``
named options accepted on the command-line.
Examples::
from django.core import management
management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
management.call_command('loaddata', 'test_data', verbosity=0)
Note that command options that take no arguments are passed as keywords
with ``True`` or ``False``::
management.call_command('dumpdata', use_natural_keys=True)
Command options which take multiple options are passed a list::
management.call_command('dumpdata', exclude=['contenttypes', 'auth'])
Output redirection
==================
Note that you can redirect standard output and error streams as all commands
support the ``stdout`` and ``stderr`` options. For example, you could write::
with open('/tmp/command_output') as f:
management.call_command('dumpdata', stdout=f)