mirror of https://github.com/django/django.git
Fixed #15003 - assorted edits to admin docs; thanks adamv.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@15166 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
This commit is contained in:
Timo Graham
parent
614672d365
commit
30c8a5574a
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@ -11,13 +11,6 @@ interface that content producers can immediately use to start adding content to
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the site. In this document, we discuss how to activate, use and customize
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Django's admin interface.
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.. admonition:: Note
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The admin site has been refactored significantly since Django 0.96. This
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document describes the newest version of the admin site, which allows for
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much richer customization. If you follow the development of Django itself,
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you may have heard this described as "newforms-admin."
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Overview
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========
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@ -26,8 +19,8 @@ There are six steps in activating the Django admin site:
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1. Add ``'django.contrib.admin'`` to your :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS`
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setting.
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2. Admin has two dependencies - ``django.contrib.auth`` and
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``django.contrib.contenttypes``. If these applications are not
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2. Admin has two dependencies - :mod:`django.contrib.auth` and
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:mod:`django.contrib.contenttypes`. If these applications are not
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in your :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` list, add them.
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3. Determine which of your application's models should be editable in the
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@ -87,7 +80,7 @@ Other topics
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admin.site.register(Author)
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``ModelAdmin`` Options
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``ModelAdmin`` options
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----------------------
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The ``ModelAdmin`` is very flexible. It has several options for dealing with
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@ -97,6 +90,26 @@ subclass::
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class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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date_hierarchy = 'pub_date'
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.actions
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A list of actions to make available on the change list page. See
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:doc:`/ref/contrib/admin/actions` for details.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.actions_on_top
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.actions_on_bottom
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Controls where on the page the actions bar appears. By default, the admin
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changelist displays actions at the top of the page (``actions_on_top = True;
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actions_on_bottom = False``).
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.actions_selection_counter
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.. versionadded:: 1.2
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Controls whether a selection counter is display next to the action dropdown.
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By default, the admin changelist will display it
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(``actions_selection_counter = True``).
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.date_hierarchy
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Set ``date_hierarchy`` to the name of a ``DateField`` or ``DateTimeField``
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@ -113,14 +126,55 @@ subclass::
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e.g. if all the dates are in one month, it'll show the day-level
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drill-down only.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.form
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.exclude
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By default a ``ModelForm`` is dynamically created for your model. It is
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used to create the form presented on both the add/change pages. You can
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easily provide your own ``ModelForm`` to override any default form behavior
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on the add/change pages.
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This attribute, if given, should be a list of field names to exclude from
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the form.
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For an example see the section `Adding custom validation to the admin`_.
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For example, let's consider the following model::
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class Author(models.Model):
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name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
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title = models.CharField(max_length=3)
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birth_date = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)
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If you want a form for the ``Author`` model that includes only the ``name``
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and ``title`` fields, you would specify ``fields`` or ``exclude`` like
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this::
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class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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fields = ('name', 'title')
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class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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exclude = ('birth_date',)
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Since the Author model only has three fields, ``name``, ``title``, and
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``birth_date``, the forms resulting from the above declarations will
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contain exactly the same fields.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.fields
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Use this option as an alternative to ``fieldsets`` if the layout does not
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matter and if you want to only show a subset of the available fields in the
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form. For example, you could define a simpler version of the admin form for
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the ``django.contrib.flatpages.FlatPage`` model as follows::
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class FlatPageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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fields = ('url', 'title', 'content')
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In the above example, only the fields 'url', 'title' and 'content' will be
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displayed, sequentially, in the form.
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.. versionadded:: 1.2
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``fields`` can contain values defined in :attr:`ModelAdmin.readonly_fields`
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to be displayed as read-only.
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.. admonition:: Note
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This ``fields`` option should not be confused with the ``fields``
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dictionary key that is within the ``fieldsets`` option, as described in
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the previous section.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.fieldsets
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@ -207,56 +261,6 @@ subclass::
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``django.utils.html.escape()`` to escape any HTML special
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characters.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.fields
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Use this option as an alternative to ``fieldsets`` if the layout does not
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matter and if you want to only show a subset of the available fields in the
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form. For example, you could define a simpler version of the admin form for
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the ``django.contrib.flatpages.FlatPage`` model as follows::
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class FlatPageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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fields = ('url', 'title', 'content')
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In the above example, only the fields 'url', 'title' and 'content' will be
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displayed, sequentially, in the form.
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.. versionadded:: 1.2
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``fields`` can contain values defined in :attr:`ModelAdmin.readonly_fields`
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to be displayed as read-only.
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.. admonition:: Note
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This ``fields`` option should not be confused with the ``fields``
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dictionary key that is within the ``fieldsets`` option, as described in
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the previous section.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.exclude
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This attribute, if given, should be a list of field names to exclude from
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the form.
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For example, let's consider the following model::
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class Author(models.Model):
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name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
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title = models.CharField(max_length=3)
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birth_date = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)
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If you want a form for the ``Author`` model that includes only the ``name``
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and ``title`` fields, you would specify ``fields`` or ``exclude`` like
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this::
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class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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fields = ('name', 'title')
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class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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exclude = ('birth_date',)
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Since the Author model only has three fields, ``name``, ``title``, and
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``birth_date``, the forms resulting from the above declarations will
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contain exactly the same fields.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.filter_horizontal
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Use a nifty unobtrusive JavaScript "filter" interface instead of the
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@ -269,6 +273,61 @@ subclass::
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Same as ``filter_horizontal``, but is a vertical display of the filter
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interface.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.form
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By default a ``ModelForm`` is dynamically created for your model. It is
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used to create the form presented on both the add/change pages. You can
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easily provide your own ``ModelForm`` to override any default form behavior
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on the add/change pages.
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For an example see the section `Adding custom validation to the admin`_.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.formfield_overrides
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This provides a quick-and-dirty way to override some of the
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:class:`~django.forms.Field` options for use in the admin.
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``formfield_overrides`` is a dictionary mapping a field class to a dict of
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arguments to pass to the field at construction time.
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Since that's a bit abstract, let's look at a concrete example. The most
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common use of ``formfield_overrides`` is to add a custom widget for a
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certain type of field. So, imagine we've written a ``RichTextEditorWidget``
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that we'd like to use for large text fields instead of the default
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``<textarea>``. Here's how we'd do that::
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from django.db import models
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from django.contrib import admin
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# Import our custom widget and our model from where they're defined
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from myapp.widgets import RichTextEditorWidget
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from myapp.models import MyModel
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class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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formfield_overrides = {
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models.TextField: {'widget': RichTextEditorWidget},
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}
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Note that the key in the dictionary is the actual field class, *not* a
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string. The value is another dictionary; these arguments will be passed to
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:meth:`~django.forms.Field.__init__`. See :doc:`/ref/forms/api` for
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details.
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.. warning::
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If you want to use a custom widget with a relation field (i.e.
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:class:`~django.db.models.ForeignKey` or
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:class:`~django.db.models.ManyToManyField`), make sure you haven't
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included that field's name in ``raw_id_fields`` or ``radio_fields``.
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``formfield_overrides`` won't let you change the widget on relation
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fields that have ``raw_id_fields`` or ``radio_fields`` set. That's
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because ``raw_id_fields`` and ``radio_fields`` imply custom widgets of
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their own.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.inlines
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See :class:`InlineModelAdmin` objects below.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.list_display
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Set ``list_display`` to control which fields are displayed on the change
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@ -496,15 +555,11 @@ subclass::
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regardless of this setting if one of the ``list_display`` fields is a
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``ForeignKey``.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.inlines
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See :class:`InlineModelAdmin` objects below.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.ordering
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Set ``ordering`` to specify how lists of objects should be ordered in the
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Django admin views. This should be a list or tuple in the same format as a
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model's ``ordering`` parameter.
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model's :attr:`~django.db.models.Options.ordering` parameter.
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If this isn't provided, the Django admin will use the model's default
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ordering.
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@ -674,68 +729,6 @@ subclass::
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Performs a full-text match. This is like the default search method but
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uses an index. Currently this is only available for MySQL.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.formfield_overrides
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This provides a quick-and-dirty way to override some of the
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:class:`~django.forms.Field` options for use in the admin.
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``formfield_overrides`` is a dictionary mapping a field class to a dict of
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arguments to pass to the field at construction time.
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Since that's a bit abstract, let's look at a concrete example. The most
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common use of ``formfield_overrides`` is to add a custom widget for a
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certain type of field. So, imagine we've written a ``RichTextEditorWidget``
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that we'd like to use for large text fields instead of the default
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``<textarea>``. Here's how we'd do that::
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from django.db import models
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from django.contrib import admin
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# Import our custom widget and our model from where they're defined
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from myapp.widgets import RichTextEditorWidget
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from myapp.models import MyModel
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class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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formfield_overrides = {
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models.TextField: {'widget': RichTextEditorWidget},
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}
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Note that the key in the dictionary is the actual field class, *not* a
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string. The value is another dictionary; these arguments will be passed to
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:meth:`~django.forms.Field.__init__`. See :doc:`/ref/forms/api` for
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details.
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.. warning::
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If you want to use a custom widget with a relation field (i.e.
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:class:`~django.db.models.ForeignKey` or
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:class:`~django.db.models.ManyToManyField`), make sure you haven't
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included that field's name in ``raw_id_fields`` or ``radio_fields``.
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``formfield_overrides`` won't let you change the widget on relation
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fields that have ``raw_id_fields`` or ``radio_fields`` set. That's
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because ``raw_id_fields`` and ``radio_fields`` imply custom widgets of
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their own.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.actions
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A list of actions to make available on the change list page. See
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:doc:`/ref/contrib/admin/actions` for details.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.actions_on_top
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.actions_on_bottom
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Controls where on the page the actions bar appears. By default, the admin
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changelist displays actions at the top of the page (``actions_on_top = True;
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actions_on_bottom = False``).
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.actions_selection_counter
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.. versionadded:: 1.2
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Controls whether a selection counter is display next to the action dropdown.
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By default, the admin changelist will display it
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(``actions_selection_counter = True``).
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Custom template options
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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@ -1043,8 +1036,8 @@ on your ``ModelAdmin``::
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}
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js = ("my_code.js",)
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Keep in mind that this will be prepended with ``MEDIA_URL``. The same rules
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apply as :doc:`regular media definitions on forms </topics/forms/media>`.
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Keep in mind that this will be prepended with :setting:`MEDIA_URL`. The same
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rules apply as :doc:`regular media definitions on forms </topics/forms/media>`.
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Django admin Javascript makes use of the `jQuery`_ library. To avoid
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conflict with user scripts, Django's jQuery is namespaced as
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@ -1255,17 +1248,18 @@ automatically::
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FriendshipInline,
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]
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Working with Many-to-Many Models
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Working with many-to-many models
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--------------------------------
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.. versionadded:: 1.2
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By default, admin widgets for many-to-many relations will be displayed
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on whichever model contains the actual reference to the ``ManyToManyField``.
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Depending on your ``ModelAdmin`` definition, each many-to-many field in your
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model will be represented by a standard HTML ``<select multiple>``, a
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horizontal or vertical filter, or a ``raw_id_admin`` widget. However, it is
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also possible to to replace these widgets with inlines.
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on whichever model contains the actual reference to the
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:class:`~django.db.models.ManyToManyField`. Depending on your ``ModelAdmin``
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definition, each many-to-many field in your model will be represented by a
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standard HTML ``<select multiple>``, a horizontal or vertical filter, or a
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``raw_id_admin`` widget. However, it is also possible to to replace these
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widgets with inlines.
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Suppose we have the following models::
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@ -1311,14 +1305,15 @@ In all other respects, the ``InlineModelAdmin`` is exactly the same as any
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other. You can customize the appearance using any of the normal
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``ModelAdmin`` properties.
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Working with Many-to-Many Intermediary Models
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----------------------------------------------
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Working with many-to-many intermediary models
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---------------------------------------------
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When you specify an intermediary model using the ``through`` argument to a
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``ManyToManyField``, the admin will not display a widget by default. This is
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because each instance of that intermediary model requires more information
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than could be displayed in a single widget, and the layout required for
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multiple widgets will vary depending on the intermediate model.
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:class:`~django.db.models.ManyToManyField`, the admin will not display a
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widget by default. This is because each instance of that intermediary model
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requires more information than could be displayed in a single widget, and the
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layout required for multiple widgets will vary depending on the intermediate
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model.
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However, we still want to be able to edit that information inline. Fortunately,
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this is easy to do with inline admin models. Suppose we have the following
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@ -1407,7 +1402,7 @@ other inline. In your ``admin.py`` for this example app::
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See the :doc:`contenttypes documentation </ref/contrib/contenttypes>` for more
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specific information.
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Overriding Admin Templates
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Overriding admin templates
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==========================
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It is relatively easy to override many of the templates which the admin module
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@ -1422,7 +1417,7 @@ directory.
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In order to override one or more of them, first create an ``admin`` directory
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in your project's ``templates`` directory. This can be any of the directories
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you specified in ``TEMPLATE_DIRS``.
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you specified in :setting:`TEMPLATE_DIRS`.
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Within this ``admin`` directory, create sub-directories named after your app.
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Within these app subdirectories create sub-directories named after your models.
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@ -1548,10 +1543,10 @@ Templates can override or extend base admin templates as described in
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Path to a custom template that will be used by the admin site login view.
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.. versionadded:: 1.3
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.. attribute:: AdminSite.login_form
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.. versionadded:: 1.3
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Subclass of :class:`~django.contrib.auth.forms.AuthenticationForm` that
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will be used by the admin site login view.
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@ -1652,13 +1647,14 @@ a pattern for your new view.
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.. note::
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Any view you render that uses the admin templates, or extends the base
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admin template, should provide the ``current_app`` argument to
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``RequestContext`` or ``Context`` when rendering the template. It should
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be set to either ``self.name`` if your view is on an ``AdminSite`` or
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``self.admin_site.name`` if your view is on a ``ModelAdmin``.
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:class:`~django.template.RequestContext` or :class:`~django.template.Context`
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when rendering the template. It should be set to either ``self.name`` if
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your view is on an ``AdminSite`` or ``self.admin_site.name`` if your view
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is on a ``ModelAdmin``.
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.. _admin-reverse-urls:
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Reversing Admin URLs
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Reversing admin URLs
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====================
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When an :class:`AdminSite` is deployed, the views provided by that site are
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