From 4d219d4cdef21d9c14e5d6b9299d583d1975fcba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Anssi=20K=C3=A4=C3=A4ri=C3=A4inen?= <akaariai@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2013 22:07:30 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Initial implementation of custom lookups

---
 django/db/backends/__init__.py         |   3 +
 django/db/backends/utils.py            |  24 +++
 django/db/models/aggregates.py         |   4 +-
 django/db/models/fields/__init__.py    |  32 +++-
 django/db/models/fields/related.py     |   5 +
 django/db/models/lookups.py            | 242 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 django/db/models/sql/aggregates.py     |   7 +
 django/db/models/sql/compiler.py       |  59 +++---
 django/db/models/sql/datastructures.py |  21 ++-
 django/db/models/sql/query.py          | 126 +++++++------
 django/db/models/sql/where.py          |  10 +-
 tests/aggregation/tests.py             |   2 +-
 tests/custom_lookups/__init__.py       |   0
 tests/custom_lookups/models.py         |   7 +
 tests/custom_lookups/tests.py          | 136 ++++++++++++++
 tests/queries/tests.py                 |  13 +-
 16 files changed, 594 insertions(+), 97 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 django/db/models/lookups.py
 create mode 100644 tests/custom_lookups/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/custom_lookups/models.py
 create mode 100644 tests/custom_lookups/tests.py

diff --git a/django/db/backends/__init__.py b/django/db/backends/__init__.py
index a23751caf51..39a774132ec 100644
--- a/django/db/backends/__init__.py
+++ b/django/db/backends/__init__.py
@@ -67,6 +67,9 @@ class BaseDatabaseWrapper(object):
         self.allow_thread_sharing = allow_thread_sharing
         self._thread_ident = thread.get_ident()
 
+        # Compile implementations, used by compiler.compile(someelem)
+        self.compile_implementations = utils.get_implementations(self.vendor)
+
     def __eq__(self, other):
         if isinstance(other, BaseDatabaseWrapper):
             return self.alias == other.alias
diff --git a/django/db/backends/utils.py b/django/db/backends/utils.py
index 8bed6415c3f..a1c9f6ec084 100644
--- a/django/db/backends/utils.py
+++ b/django/db/backends/utils.py
@@ -194,3 +194,27 @@ def format_number(value, max_digits, decimal_places):
         return "{0:f}".format(value.quantize(decimal.Decimal(".1") ** decimal_places, context=context))
     else:
         return "%.*f" % (decimal_places, value)
+
+# Map of vendor name -> map of query element class -> implementation function
+compile_implementations = {}
+
+
+def get_implementations(vendor):
+    try:
+        implementation = compile_implementations[vendor]
+    except KeyError:
+        # TODO: do we need thread safety here? We could easily use an lock...
+        implementation = {}
+        compile_implementations[vendor] = implementation
+    return implementation
+
+
+class add_implementation(object):
+    def __init__(self, klass, vendor):
+        self.klass = klass
+        self.vendor = vendor
+
+    def __call__(self, func):
+        implementations = get_implementations(self.vendor)
+        implementations[self.klass] = func
+        return func
diff --git a/django/db/models/aggregates.py b/django/db/models/aggregates.py
index 1ec11b4acbf..d663e40f263 100644
--- a/django/db/models/aggregates.py
+++ b/django/db/models/aggregates.py
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ def refs_aggregate(lookup_parts, aggregates):
     """
     for i in range(len(lookup_parts) + 1):
         if LOOKUP_SEP.join(lookup_parts[0:i]) in aggregates:
-            return True
-    return False
+            return aggregates[LOOKUP_SEP.join(lookup_parts[0:i])], lookup_parts[i:]
+    return False, ()
 
 
 class Aggregate(object):
diff --git a/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py b/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py
index dec2e2dd9e6..85985ab2e5b 100644
--- a/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py
+++ b/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import collections
 import copy
 import datetime
 import decimal
+import inspect
 import math
 import warnings
 from base64 import b64decode, b64encode
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ from itertools import tee
 
 from django.db import connection
 from django.db.models.loading import get_model
+from django.db.models.lookups import default_lookups
 from django.db.models.query_utils import QueryWrapper
 from django.conf import settings
 from django import forms
@@ -101,6 +103,7 @@ class Field(object):
         'unique': _('%(model_name)s with this %(field_label)s '
                     'already exists.'),
     }
+    class_lookups = default_lookups.copy()
 
     # Generic field type description, usually overridden by subclasses
     def _description(self):
@@ -446,6 +449,30 @@ class Field(object):
     def get_internal_type(self):
         return self.__class__.__name__
 
+    def get_lookup(self, lookup_name):
+        try:
+            return self.class_lookups[lookup_name]
+        except KeyError:
+            for parent in inspect.getmro(self.__class__):
+                if not 'class_lookups' in parent.__dict__:
+                    continue
+                if lookup_name in parent.class_lookups:
+                    return parent.class_lookups[lookup_name]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def register_lookup(cls, lookup):
+        if not 'class_lookups' in cls.__dict__:
+            cls.class_lookups = {}
+        cls.class_lookups[lookup.lookup_name] = lookup
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _unregister_lookup(cls, lookup):
+        """
+        Removes given lookup from cls lookups. Meant to be used in
+        tests only.
+        """
+        del cls.class_lookups[lookup.lookup_name]
+
     def pre_save(self, model_instance, add):
         """
         Returns field's value just before saving.
@@ -504,8 +531,7 @@ class Field(object):
             except ValueError:
                 raise ValueError("The __year lookup type requires an integer "
                                  "argument")
-
-        raise TypeError("Field has invalid lookup: %s" % lookup_type)
+        return self.get_prep_value(value)
 
     def get_db_prep_lookup(self, lookup_type, value, connection,
                            prepared=False):
@@ -554,6 +580,8 @@ class Field(object):
                 return connection.ops.year_lookup_bounds_for_date_field(value)
             else:
                 return [value]          # this isn't supposed to happen
+        else:
+            return [value]
 
     def has_default(self):
         """
diff --git a/django/db/models/fields/related.py b/django/db/models/fields/related.py
index 4a945e0f452..cb0402007e3 100644
--- a/django/db/models/fields/related.py
+++ b/django/db/models/fields/related.py
@@ -934,6 +934,11 @@ class ForeignObjectRel(object):
         # example custom multicolumn joins currently have no remote field).
         self.field_name = None
 
+    def get_lookup_constraint(self, constraint_class, alias, targets, sources, lookup_type,
+                              raw_value):
+        return self.field.get_lookup_constraint(constraint_class, alias, targets, sources,
+                                                lookup_type, raw_value)
+
 
 class ManyToOneRel(ForeignObjectRel):
     def __init__(self, field, to, field_name, related_name=None, limit_choices_to=None,
diff --git a/django/db/models/lookups.py b/django/db/models/lookups.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..85acb24a730
--- /dev/null
+++ b/django/db/models/lookups.py
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+from copy import copy
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.utils import timezone
+
+
+class Lookup(object):
+    def __init__(self, constraint_class, lhs, rhs):
+        self.constraint_class, self.lhs, self.rhs = constraint_class, lhs, rhs
+        self.rhs = self.get_prep_lookup()
+
+    def get_db_prep_lookup(self, value, connection):
+        return (
+            '%s', self.lhs.output_type.get_db_prep_lookup(
+                self.lookup_name, value, connection, prepared=True))
+
+    def get_prep_lookup(self):
+        return self.lhs.output_type.get_prep_lookup(self.lookup_name, self.rhs)
+
+    def process_lhs(self, qn, connection):
+        return qn.compile(self.lhs)
+
+    def process_rhs(self, qn, connection):
+        value = self.rhs
+        # Due to historical reasons there are a couple of different
+        # ways to produce sql here. get_compiler is likely a Query
+        # instance, _as_sql QuerySet and as_sql just something with
+        # as_sql. Finally the value can of course be just plain
+        # Python value.
+        if hasattr(value, 'get_compiler'):
+            value = value.get_compiler(connection=connection)
+        if hasattr(value, 'as_sql'):
+            sql, params = qn.compile(value)
+            return '(' + sql + ')', params
+        if hasattr(value, '_as_sql'):
+            sql, params = value._as_sql(connection=connection)
+            return '(' + sql + ')', params
+        else:
+            return self.get_db_prep_lookup(value, connection)
+
+    def relabeled_clone(self, relabels):
+        new = copy(self)
+        new.lhs = new.lhs.relabeled_clone(relabels)
+        if hasattr(new.rhs, 'relabeled_clone'):
+            new.rhs = new.rhs.relabeled_clone(relabels)
+        return new
+
+    def get_cols(self):
+        cols = self.lhs.get_cols()
+        if hasattr(self.rhs, 'get_cols'):
+            cols.extend(self.rhs.get_cols())
+        return cols
+
+    def as_sql(self, qn, connection):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class DjangoLookup(Lookup):
+    def as_sql(self, qn, connection):
+        lhs_sql, params = self.process_lhs(qn, connection)
+        field_internal_type = self.lhs.output_type.get_internal_type()
+        db_type = self.lhs.output_type
+        lhs_sql = connection.ops.field_cast_sql(db_type, field_internal_type) % lhs_sql
+        lhs_sql = connection.ops.lookup_cast(self.lookup_name) % lhs_sql
+        rhs_sql, rhs_params = self.process_rhs(qn, connection)
+        params.extend(rhs_params)
+        operator_plus_rhs = self.get_rhs_op(connection, rhs_sql)
+        return '%s %s' % (lhs_sql, operator_plus_rhs), params
+
+    def get_rhs_op(self, connection, rhs):
+        return connection.operators[self.lookup_name] % rhs
+
+
+default_lookups = {}
+
+
+class Exact(DjangoLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'exact'
+default_lookups['exact'] = Exact
+
+
+class IExact(DjangoLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'iexact'
+default_lookups['iexact'] = IExact
+
+
+class Contains(DjangoLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'contains'
+default_lookups['contains'] = Contains
+
+
+class IContains(DjangoLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'icontains'
+default_lookups['icontains'] = IContains
+
+
+class GreaterThan(DjangoLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'gt'
+default_lookups['gt'] = GreaterThan
+
+
+class GreaterThanOrEqual(DjangoLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'gte'
+default_lookups['gte'] = GreaterThanOrEqual
+
+
+class LessThan(DjangoLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'lt'
+default_lookups['lt'] = LessThan
+
+
+class LessThanOrEqual(DjangoLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'lte'
+default_lookups['lte'] = LessThanOrEqual
+
+
+class In(DjangoLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'in'
+
+    def get_db_prep_lookup(self, value, connection):
+        params = self.lhs.field.get_db_prep_lookup(
+            self.lookup_name, value, connection, prepared=True)
+        if not params:
+            # TODO: check why this leads to circular import
+            from django.db.models.sql.datastructures import EmptyResultSet
+            raise EmptyResultSet
+        placeholder = '(' + ', '.join('%s' for p in params) + ')'
+        return (placeholder, params)
+
+    def get_rhs_op(self, connection, rhs):
+        return 'IN %s' % rhs
+default_lookups['in'] = In
+
+
+class StartsWith(DjangoLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'startswith'
+default_lookups['startswith'] = StartsWith
+
+
+class IStartsWith(DjangoLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'istartswith'
+default_lookups['istartswith'] = IStartsWith
+
+
+class EndsWith(DjangoLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'endswith'
+default_lookups['endswith'] = EndsWith
+
+
+class IEndsWith(DjangoLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'iendswith'
+default_lookups['iendswith'] = IEndsWith
+
+
+class Between(DjangoLookup):
+    def get_rhs_op(self, connection, rhs):
+        return "BETWEEN %s AND %s" % (rhs, rhs)
+
+
+class Year(Between):
+    lookup_name = 'year'
+default_lookups['year'] = Year
+
+
+class Range(Between):
+    lookup_name = 'range'
+default_lookups['range'] = Range
+
+
+class DateLookup(DjangoLookup):
+
+    def process_lhs(self, qn, connection):
+        lhs, params = super(DateLookup, self).process_lhs(qn, connection)
+        tzname = timezone.get_current_timezone_name() if settings.USE_TZ else None
+        sql, tz_params = connection.ops.datetime_extract_sql(self.extract_type, lhs, tzname)
+        return connection.ops.lookup_cast(self.lookup_name) % sql, tz_params
+
+    def get_rhs_op(self, connection, rhs):
+        return '= %s' % rhs
+
+
+class Month(DateLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'month'
+    extract_type = 'month'
+default_lookups['month'] = Month
+
+
+class Day(DateLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'day'
+    extract_type = 'day'
+default_lookups['day'] = Day
+
+
+class WeekDay(DateLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'week_day'
+    extract_type = 'week_day'
+default_lookups['week_day'] = WeekDay
+
+
+class Hour(DateLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'hour'
+    extract_type = 'hour'
+default_lookups['hour'] = Hour
+
+
+class Minute(DateLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'minute'
+    extract_type = 'minute'
+default_lookups['minute'] = Minute
+
+
+class Second(DateLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'second'
+    extract_type = 'second'
+default_lookups['second'] = Second
+
+
+class IsNull(DjangoLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'isnull'
+
+    def as_sql(self, qn, connection):
+        sql, params = qn.compile(self.lhs)
+        if self.rhs:
+            return "%s IS NULL" % sql, params
+        else:
+            return "%s IS NOT NULL" % sql, params
+default_lookups['isnull'] = IsNull
+
+
+class Search(DjangoLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'search'
+default_lookups['search'] = Search
+
+
+class Regex(DjangoLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'regex'
+default_lookups['regex'] = Regex
+
+
+class IRegex(DjangoLookup):
+    lookup_name = 'iregex'
+default_lookups['iregex'] = IRegex
diff --git a/django/db/models/sql/aggregates.py b/django/db/models/sql/aggregates.py
index 8542a330c64..dcf04d4b78b 100644
--- a/django/db/models/sql/aggregates.py
+++ b/django/db/models/sql/aggregates.py
@@ -93,6 +93,13 @@ class Aggregate(object):
 
         return self.sql_template % substitutions, params
 
+    def get_cols(self):
+        return []
+
+    @property
+    def output_type(self):
+        return self.field
+
 
 class Avg(Aggregate):
     is_computed = True
diff --git a/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py b/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py
index 98b953937f2..d8b9c0ccb93 100644
--- a/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py
+++ b/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class SQLCompiler(object):
         if self.query.select_related and not self.query.related_select_cols:
             self.fill_related_selections()
 
-    def quote_name_unless_alias(self, name):
+    def __call__(self, name):
         """
         A wrapper around connection.ops.quote_name that doesn't quote aliases
         for table names. This avoids problems with some SQL dialects that treat
@@ -61,6 +61,20 @@ class SQLCompiler(object):
         self.quote_cache[name] = r
         return r
 
+    def quote_name_unless_alias(self, name):
+        """
+        A wrapper around connection.ops.quote_name that doesn't quote aliases
+        for table names. This avoids problems with some SQL dialects that treat
+        quoted strings specially (e.g. PostgreSQL).
+        """
+        return self(name)
+
+    def compile(self, node):
+        if node.__class__ in self.connection.compile_implementations:
+            return self.connection.compile_implementations[node.__class__](node, self)
+        else:
+            return node.as_sql(self, self.connection)
+
     def as_sql(self, with_limits=True, with_col_aliases=False):
         """
         Creates the SQL for this query. Returns the SQL string and list of
@@ -88,10 +102,8 @@ class SQLCompiler(object):
         # docstring of get_from_clause() for details.
         from_, f_params = self.get_from_clause()
 
-        qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias
-
-        where, w_params = self.query.where.as_sql(qn=qn, connection=self.connection)
-        having, h_params = self.query.having.as_sql(qn=qn, connection=self.connection)
+        where, w_params = self.compile(self.query.where)
+        having, h_params = self.compile(self.query.having)
         having_group_by = self.query.having.get_cols()
         params = []
         for val in six.itervalues(self.query.extra_select):
@@ -180,7 +192,7 @@ class SQLCompiler(object):
         (without the table names) are given unique aliases. This is needed in
         some cases to avoid ambiguity with nested queries.
         """
-        qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias
+        qn = self
         qn2 = self.connection.ops.quote_name
         result = ['(%s) AS %s' % (col[0], qn2(alias)) for alias, col in six.iteritems(self.query.extra_select)]
         params = []
@@ -213,7 +225,7 @@ class SQLCompiler(object):
                         aliases.add(r)
                         col_aliases.add(col[1])
                 else:
-                    col_sql, col_params = col.as_sql(qn, self.connection)
+                    col_sql, col_params = self.compile(col)
                     result.append(col_sql)
                     params.extend(col_params)
 
@@ -229,7 +241,7 @@ class SQLCompiler(object):
 
         max_name_length = self.connection.ops.max_name_length()
         for alias, aggregate in self.query.aggregate_select.items():
-            agg_sql, agg_params = aggregate.as_sql(qn, self.connection)
+            agg_sql, agg_params = self.compile(aggregate)
             if alias is None:
                 result.append(agg_sql)
             else:
@@ -267,7 +279,7 @@ class SQLCompiler(object):
         result = []
         if opts is None:
             opts = self.query.get_meta()
-        qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias
+        qn = self
         qn2 = self.connection.ops.quote_name
         aliases = set()
         only_load = self.deferred_to_columns()
@@ -312,7 +324,7 @@ class SQLCompiler(object):
         Note that this method can alter the tables in the query, and thus it
         must be called before get_from_clause().
         """
-        qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias
+        qn = self
         qn2 = self.connection.ops.quote_name
         result = []
         opts = self.query.get_meta()
@@ -345,7 +357,7 @@ class SQLCompiler(object):
             ordering = (self.query.order_by
                         or self.query.get_meta().ordering
                         or [])
-        qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias
+        qn = self
         qn2 = self.connection.ops.quote_name
         distinct = self.query.distinct
         select_aliases = self._select_aliases
@@ -483,7 +495,7 @@ class SQLCompiler(object):
         ordering and distinct must be done first.
         """
         result = []
-        qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias
+        qn = self
         qn2 = self.connection.ops.quote_name
         first = True
         from_params = []
@@ -501,8 +513,7 @@ class SQLCompiler(object):
                 extra_cond = join_field.get_extra_restriction(
                     self.query.where_class, alias, lhs)
                 if extra_cond:
-                    extra_sql, extra_params = extra_cond.as_sql(
-                        qn, self.connection)
+                    extra_sql, extra_params = self.compile(extra_cond)
                     extra_sql = 'AND (%s)' % extra_sql
                     from_params.extend(extra_params)
                 else:
@@ -534,7 +545,7 @@ class SQLCompiler(object):
         """
         Returns a tuple representing the SQL elements in the "group by" clause.
         """
-        qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias
+        qn = self
         result, params = [], []
         if self.query.group_by is not None:
             select_cols = self.query.select + self.query.related_select_cols
@@ -553,7 +564,7 @@ class SQLCompiler(object):
                 if isinstance(col, (list, tuple)):
                     sql = '%s.%s' % (qn(col[0]), qn(col[1]))
                 elif hasattr(col, 'as_sql'):
-                    sql, col_params = col.as_sql(qn, self.connection)
+                    self.compile(col)
                 else:
                     sql = '(%s)' % str(col)
                 if sql not in seen:
@@ -776,7 +787,7 @@ class SQLCompiler(object):
         return result
 
     def as_subquery_condition(self, alias, columns, qn):
-        inner_qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias
+        inner_qn = self
         qn2 = self.connection.ops.quote_name
         if len(columns) == 1:
             sql, params = self.as_sql()
@@ -887,9 +898,9 @@ class SQLDeleteCompiler(SQLCompiler):
         """
         assert len(self.query.tables) == 1, \
                 "Can only delete from one table at a time."
-        qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias
+        qn = self
         result = ['DELETE FROM %s' % qn(self.query.tables[0])]
-        where, params = self.query.where.as_sql(qn=qn, connection=self.connection)
+        where, params = self.compile(self.query.where)
         if where:
             result.append('WHERE %s' % where)
         return ' '.join(result), tuple(params)
@@ -905,7 +916,7 @@ class SQLUpdateCompiler(SQLCompiler):
         if not self.query.values:
             return '', ()
         table = self.query.tables[0]
-        qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias
+        qn = self
         result = ['UPDATE %s' % qn(table)]
         result.append('SET')
         values, update_params = [], []
@@ -925,7 +936,7 @@ class SQLUpdateCompiler(SQLCompiler):
                 val = SQLEvaluator(val, self.query, allow_joins=False)
             name = field.column
             if hasattr(val, 'as_sql'):
-                sql, params = val.as_sql(qn, self.connection)
+                sql, params = self.compile(val)
                 values.append('%s = %s' % (qn(name), sql))
                 update_params.extend(params)
             elif val is not None:
@@ -936,7 +947,7 @@ class SQLUpdateCompiler(SQLCompiler):
         if not values:
             return '', ()
         result.append(', '.join(values))
-        where, params = self.query.where.as_sql(qn=qn, connection=self.connection)
+        where, params = self.compile(self.query.where)
         if where:
             result.append('WHERE %s' % where)
         return ' '.join(result), tuple(update_params + params)
@@ -1016,11 +1027,11 @@ class SQLAggregateCompiler(SQLCompiler):
         parameters.
         """
         if qn is None:
-            qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias
+            qn = self
 
         sql, params = [], []
         for aggregate in self.query.aggregate_select.values():
-            agg_sql, agg_params = aggregate.as_sql(qn, self.connection)
+            agg_sql, agg_params = self.compile(aggregate)
             sql.append(agg_sql)
             params.extend(agg_params)
         sql = ', '.join(sql)
diff --git a/django/db/models/sql/datastructures.py b/django/db/models/sql/datastructures.py
index f45ecaf76d0..dd273f51c7c 100644
--- a/django/db/models/sql/datastructures.py
+++ b/django/db/models/sql/datastructures.py
@@ -5,18 +5,25 @@ the SQL domain.
 
 
 class Col(object):
-    def __init__(self, alias, col):
-        self.alias = alias
-        self.col = col
+    def __init__(self, alias, target, source):
+        self.alias, self.target, self.source = alias, target, source
 
     def as_sql(self, qn, connection):
-        return '%s.%s' % (qn(self.alias), self.col), []
+        return "%s.%s" % (qn(self.alias), qn(self.target.column)), []
 
-    def prepare(self):
-        return self
+    @property
+    def output_type(self):
+        return self.source
+
+    @property
+    def field(self):
+        return self.source
 
     def relabeled_clone(self, relabels):
-        return self.__class__(relabels.get(self.alias, self.alias), self.col)
+        return self.__class__(relabels.get(self.alias, self.alias), self.target, self.source)
+
+    def get_cols(self):
+        return [(self.alias, self.target.column)]
 
 
 class EmptyResultSet(Exception):
diff --git a/django/db/models/sql/query.py b/django/db/models/sql/query.py
index e0593ef0a73..a7fafd88b54 100644
--- a/django/db/models/sql/query.py
+++ b/django/db/models/sql/query.py
@@ -1030,6 +1030,12 @@ class Query(object):
     def prepare_lookup_value(self, value, lookup_type, can_reuse):
         # Interpret '__exact=None' as the sql 'is NULL'; otherwise, reject all
         # uses of None as a query value.
+        if len(lookup_type) > 1:
+            raise FieldError('Nested lookups not allowed')
+        elif len(lookup_type) == 0:
+            lookup_type = 'exact'
+        else:
+            lookup_type = lookup_type[0]
         if value is None:
             if lookup_type != 'exact':
                 raise ValueError("Cannot use None as a query value")
@@ -1060,31 +1066,39 @@ class Query(object):
         """
         Solve the lookup type from the lookup (eg: 'foobar__id__icontains')
         """
-        lookup_type = 'exact'  # Default lookup type
-        lookup_parts = lookup.split(LOOKUP_SEP)
-        num_parts = len(lookup_parts)
-        if (len(lookup_parts) > 1 and lookup_parts[-1] in self.query_terms
-                and (not self._aggregates or lookup not in self._aggregates)):
-            # Traverse the lookup query to distinguish related fields from
-            # lookup types.
-            lookup_model = self.model
-            for counter, field_name in enumerate(lookup_parts):
-                try:
-                    lookup_field = lookup_model._meta.get_field(field_name)
-                except FieldDoesNotExist:
-                    # Not a field. Bail out.
-                    lookup_type = lookup_parts.pop()
-                    break
-                # Unless we're at the end of the list of lookups, let's attempt
-                # to continue traversing relations.
-                if (counter + 1) < num_parts:
-                    try:
-                        lookup_model = lookup_field.rel.to
-                    except AttributeError:
-                        # Not a related field. Bail out.
-                        lookup_type = lookup_parts.pop()
-                        break
-        return lookup_type, lookup_parts
+        lookup_splitted = lookup.split(LOOKUP_SEP)
+        aggregate, aggregate_lookups = refs_aggregate(lookup_splitted, self.aggregates)
+        if aggregate:
+            if len(aggregate_lookups) > 1:
+                raise FieldError("Nested lookups not allowed.")
+            return aggregate_lookups, (), aggregate
+        _, field, _, lookup_parts = self.names_to_path(lookup_splitted, self.get_meta())
+        field_parts = lookup_splitted[0:len(lookup_splitted) - len(lookup_parts)]
+        if len(lookup_parts) == 0:
+            lookup_parts = ['exact']
+        elif len(lookup_parts) > 1:
+            if field_parts:
+                raise FieldError(
+                    'Only one lookup part allowed (found path "%s" from "%s").' %
+                    (LOOKUP_SEP.join(field_parts), lookup))
+            else:
+                raise FieldError(
+                    'Invalid lookup "%s" for model %s".' %
+                    (lookup, self.get_meta().model.__name__))
+        else:
+            if not hasattr(field, 'get_lookup_constraint'):
+                lookup_class = field.get_lookup(lookup_parts[0])
+                if lookup_class is None and lookup_parts[0] not in self.query_terms:
+                    raise FieldError(
+                        'Invalid lookup name %s' % lookup_parts[0])
+        return lookup_parts, field_parts, False
+
+    def build_lookup(self, lookup_type, lhs, rhs):
+        if hasattr(lhs.output_type, 'get_lookup'):
+            lookup = lhs.output_type.get_lookup(lookup_type)
+            if lookup:
+                return lookup(self.where_class, lhs, rhs)
+        return None
 
     def build_filter(self, filter_expr, branch_negated=False, current_negated=False,
                      can_reuse=None, connector=AND):
@@ -1114,9 +1128,9 @@ class Query(object):
         is responsible for unreffing the joins used.
         """
         arg, value = filter_expr
-        lookup_type, parts = self.solve_lookup_type(arg)
-        if not parts:
+        if not arg:
             raise FieldError("Cannot parse keyword query %r" % arg)
+        lookup_type, parts, reffed_aggregate = self.solve_lookup_type(arg)
 
         # Work out the lookup type and remove it from the end of 'parts',
         # if necessary.
@@ -1124,11 +1138,13 @@ class Query(object):
         used_joins = getattr(value, '_used_joins', [])
 
         clause = self.where_class()
-        if self._aggregates:
-            for alias, aggregate in self.aggregates.items():
-                if alias in (parts[0], LOOKUP_SEP.join(parts)):
-                    clause.add((aggregate, lookup_type, value), AND)
-                    return clause, []
+        if reffed_aggregate:
+            condition = self.build_lookup(lookup_type, reffed_aggregate, value)
+            if not condition:
+                # Backwards compat for custom lookups
+                condition = (reffed_aggregate, lookup_type, value)
+            clause.add(condition, AND)
+            return clause, []
 
         opts = self.get_meta()
         alias = self.get_initial_alias()
@@ -1150,11 +1166,18 @@ class Query(object):
         targets, alias, join_list = self.trim_joins(sources, join_list, path)
 
         if hasattr(field, 'get_lookup_constraint'):
-            constraint = field.get_lookup_constraint(self.where_class, alias, targets, sources,
-                                                     lookup_type, value)
+            # For now foreign keys get special treatment. This should be
+            # refactored when composite fields lands.
+            condition = field.get_lookup_constraint(self.where_class, alias, targets, sources,
+                                                    lookup_type, value)
         else:
-            constraint = (Constraint(alias, targets[0].column, field), lookup_type, value)
-        clause.add(constraint, AND)
+            assert(len(targets) == 1)
+            col = Col(alias, targets[0], field)
+            condition = self.build_lookup(lookup_type, col, value)
+            if not condition:
+                # Backwards compat for custom lookups
+                condition = (Constraint(alias, targets[0].column, field), lookup_type, value)
+        clause.add(condition, AND)
 
         require_outer = lookup_type == 'isnull' and value is True and not current_negated
         if current_negated and (lookup_type != 'isnull' or value is False):
@@ -1185,7 +1208,7 @@ class Query(object):
         if not self._aggregates:
             return False
         if not isinstance(obj, Node):
-            return (refs_aggregate(obj[0].split(LOOKUP_SEP), self.aggregates)
+            return (refs_aggregate(obj[0].split(LOOKUP_SEP), self.aggregates)[0]
                     or (hasattr(obj[1], 'contains_aggregate')
                         and obj[1].contains_aggregate(self.aggregates)))
         return any(self.need_having(c) for c in obj.children)
@@ -1273,7 +1296,7 @@ class Query(object):
         needed_inner = joinpromoter.update_join_types(self)
         return target_clause, needed_inner
 
-    def names_to_path(self, names, opts, allow_many):
+    def names_to_path(self, names, opts, allow_many=True):
         """
         Walks the names path and turns them PathInfo tuples. Note that a
         single name in 'names' can generate multiple PathInfos (m2m for
@@ -1293,9 +1316,10 @@ class Query(object):
             try:
                 field, model, direct, m2m = opts.get_field_by_name(name)
             except FieldDoesNotExist:
-                available = opts.get_all_field_names() + list(self.aggregate_select)
-                raise FieldError("Cannot resolve keyword %r into field. "
-                                 "Choices are: %s" % (name, ", ".join(available)))
+                # We didn't found the current field, so move position back
+                # one step.
+                pos -= 1
+                break
             # Check if we need any joins for concrete inheritance cases (the
             # field lives in parent, but we are currently in one of its
             # children)
@@ -1330,15 +1354,9 @@ class Query(object):
                 final_field = field
                 targets = (field,)
                 break
-
-        if pos != len(names) - 1:
-            if pos == len(names) - 2:
-                raise FieldError(
-                    "Join on field %r not permitted. Did you misspell %r for "
-                    "the lookup type?" % (name, names[pos + 1]))
-            else:
-                raise FieldError("Join on field %r not permitted." % name)
-        return path, final_field, targets
+        if pos == -1:
+            raise FieldError('Whazaa')
+        return path, final_field, targets, names[pos + 1:]
 
     def setup_joins(self, names, opts, alias, can_reuse=None, allow_many=True):
         """
@@ -1367,8 +1385,10 @@ class Query(object):
         """
         joins = [alias]
         # First, generate the path for the names
-        path, final_field, targets = self.names_to_path(
+        path, final_field, targets, rest = self.names_to_path(
             names, opts, allow_many)
+        if rest:
+            raise FieldError('Invalid lookup')
         # Then, add the path to the query's joins. Note that we can't trim
         # joins at this stage - we will need the information about join type
         # of the trimmed joins.
@@ -1383,8 +1403,6 @@ class Query(object):
             alias = self.join(
                 connection, reuse=reuse, nullable=nullable, join_field=join.join_field)
             joins.append(alias)
-        if hasattr(final_field, 'field'):
-            final_field = final_field.field
         return final_field, targets, opts, joins, path
 
     def trim_joins(self, targets, joins, path):
@@ -1455,7 +1473,7 @@ class Query(object):
             query.bump_prefix(self)
             query.where.add(
                 (Constraint(query.select[0].col[0], pk.column, pk),
-                 'exact', Col(alias, pk.column)),
+                 'exact', Col(alias, pk, pk)),
                 AND
             )
 
diff --git a/django/db/models/sql/where.py b/django/db/models/sql/where.py
index 7b71580370a..637b8518304 100644
--- a/django/db/models/sql/where.py
+++ b/django/db/models/sql/where.py
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class WhereNode(tree.Node):
         for child in self.children:
             try:
                 if hasattr(child, 'as_sql'):
-                    sql, params = child.as_sql(qn=qn, connection=connection)
+                    sql, params = qn.compile(child)
                 else:
                     # A leaf node in the tree.
                     sql, params = self.make_atom(child, qn, connection)
@@ -193,13 +193,13 @@ class WhereNode(tree.Node):
             field_sql, field_params = self.sql_for_columns(lvalue, qn, connection, field_internal_type), []
         else:
             # A smart object with an as_sql() method.
-            field_sql, field_params = lvalue.as_sql(qn, connection)
+            field_sql, field_params = qn.compile(lvalue)
 
         is_datetime_field = value_annotation is datetime.datetime
         cast_sql = connection.ops.datetime_cast_sql() if is_datetime_field else '%s'
 
         if hasattr(params, 'as_sql'):
-            extra, params = params.as_sql(qn, connection)
+            extra, params = qn.compile(params)
             cast_sql = ''
         else:
             extra = ''
@@ -282,6 +282,8 @@ class WhereNode(tree.Node):
             if hasattr(child, 'relabel_aliases'):
                 # For example another WhereNode
                 child.relabel_aliases(change_map)
+            elif hasattr(child, 'relabeled_clone'):
+                self.children[pos] = child.relabeled_clone(change_map)
             elif isinstance(child, (list, tuple)):
                 # tuple starting with Constraint
                 child = (child[0].relabeled_clone(change_map),) + child[1:]
@@ -350,7 +352,7 @@ class Constraint(object):
         self.alias, self.col, self.field = alias, col, field
 
     def prepare(self, lookup_type, value):
-        if self.field:
+        if self.field and not hasattr(value, 'as_sql'):
             return self.field.get_prep_lookup(lookup_type, value)
         return value
 
diff --git a/tests/aggregation/tests.py b/tests/aggregation/tests.py
index eee61654bc1..6ea10278f23 100644
--- a/tests/aggregation/tests.py
+++ b/tests/aggregation/tests.py
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ class BaseAggregateTestCase(TestCase):
         vals = Author.objects.filter(pk=1).aggregate(Count("friends__id"))
         self.assertEqual(vals, {"friends__id__count": 2})
 
-        books = Book.objects.annotate(num_authors=Count("authors__name")).filter(num_authors__ge=2).order_by("pk")
+        books = Book.objects.annotate(num_authors=Count("authors__name")).filter(num_authors__exact=2).order_by("pk")
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(
             books, [
                 "The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right",
diff --git a/tests/custom_lookups/__init__.py b/tests/custom_lookups/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69de29bb2d
diff --git a/tests/custom_lookups/models.py b/tests/custom_lookups/models.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5152bc65028
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/custom_lookups/models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from django.db import models
+
+
+class Author(models.Model):
+    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
+    age = models.IntegerField(null=True)
+    birthdate = models.DateField(null=True)
diff --git a/tests/custom_lookups/tests.py b/tests/custom_lookups/tests.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a6086931378
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/custom_lookups/tests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+from copy import copy
+from datetime import date
+import unittest
+
+from django.test import TestCase
+from .models import Author
+from django.db import models
+from django.db import connection
+from django.db.backends.utils import add_implementation
+
+
+class Div3Lookup(models.lookups.Lookup):
+    lookup_name = 'div3'
+
+    def as_sql(self, qn, connection):
+        lhs, params = self.process_lhs(qn, connection)
+        rhs, rhs_params = self.process_rhs(qn, connection)
+        params.extend(rhs_params)
+        return '%s %%%% 3 = %s' % (lhs, rhs), params
+
+
+class InMonth(models.lookups.Lookup):
+    """
+    InMonth matches if the column's month is contained in the value's month.
+    """
+    lookup_name = 'inmonth'
+
+    def as_sql(self, qn, connection):
+        lhs, params = self.process_lhs(qn, connection)
+        rhs, rhs_params = self.process_rhs(qn, connection)
+        # We need to be careful so that we get the params in right
+        # places.
+        full_params = params[:]
+        full_params.extend(rhs_params)
+        full_params.extend(params)
+        full_params.extend(rhs_params)
+        return ("%s >= date_trunc('month', %s) and "
+                "%s < date_trunc('month', %s) + interval '1 months'" %
+                (lhs, rhs, lhs, rhs), full_params)
+
+
+class LookupTests(TestCase):
+    def test_basic_lookup(self):
+        a1 = Author.objects.create(name='a1', age=1)
+        a2 = Author.objects.create(name='a2', age=2)
+        a3 = Author.objects.create(name='a3', age=3)
+        a4 = Author.objects.create(name='a4', age=4)
+        models.IntegerField.register_lookup(Div3Lookup)
+        try:
+            self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+                Author.objects.filter(age__div3=0),
+                [a3], lambda x: x
+            )
+            self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+                Author.objects.filter(age__div3=1).order_by('age'),
+                [a1, a4], lambda x: x
+            )
+            self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+                Author.objects.filter(age__div3=2),
+                [a2], lambda x: x
+            )
+            self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+                Author.objects.filter(age__div3=3),
+                [], lambda x: x
+            )
+        finally:
+            models.IntegerField._unregister_lookup(Div3Lookup)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(connection.vendor == 'postgresql', "PostgreSQL specific SQL used")
+    def test_birthdate_month(self):
+        a1 = Author.objects.create(name='a1', birthdate=date(1981, 2, 16))
+        a2 = Author.objects.create(name='a2', birthdate=date(2012, 2, 29))
+        a3 = Author.objects.create(name='a3', birthdate=date(2012, 1, 31))
+        a4 = Author.objects.create(name='a4', birthdate=date(2012, 3, 1))
+        models.DateField.register_lookup(InMonth)
+        try:
+            self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+                Author.objects.filter(birthdate__inmonth=date(2012, 1, 15)),
+                [a3], lambda x: x
+            )
+            self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+                Author.objects.filter(birthdate__inmonth=date(2012, 2, 1)),
+                [a2], lambda x: x
+            )
+            self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+                Author.objects.filter(birthdate__inmonth=date(1981, 2, 28)),
+                [a1], lambda x: x
+            )
+            self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+                Author.objects.filter(birthdate__inmonth=date(2012, 3, 12)),
+                [a4], lambda x: x
+            )
+            self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+                Author.objects.filter(birthdate__inmonth=date(2012, 4, 1)),
+                [], lambda x: x
+            )
+        finally:
+            models.DateField._unregister_lookup(InMonth)
+
+    def test_custom_compiles(self):
+        a1 = Author.objects.create(name='a1', age=1)
+        a2 = Author.objects.create(name='a2', age=2)
+        a3 = Author.objects.create(name='a3', age=3)
+        a4 = Author.objects.create(name='a4', age=4)
+
+        class AnotherEqual(models.lookups.Exact):
+            lookup_name = 'anotherequal'
+        models.Field.register_lookup(AnotherEqual)
+        try:
+            @add_implementation(AnotherEqual, connection.vendor)
+            def custom_eq_sql(node, compiler):
+                return '1 = 1', []
+
+            self.assertIn('1 = 1', str(Author.objects.filter(name__anotherequal='asdf').query))
+            self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+                Author.objects.filter(name__anotherequal='asdf').order_by('name'),
+                [a1, a2, a3, a4], lambda x: x)
+
+            @add_implementation(AnotherEqual, connection.vendor)
+            def another_custom_eq_sql(node, compiler):
+                # If you need to override one method, it seems this is the best
+                # option.
+                node = copy(node)
+
+                class OverriddenAnotherEqual(AnotherEqual):
+                    def get_rhs_op(self, connection, rhs):
+                        return ' <> %s'
+                node.__class__ = OverriddenAnotherEqual
+                return node.as_sql(compiler, compiler.connection)
+            self.assertIn(' <> ', str(Author.objects.filter(name__anotherequal='a1').query))
+            self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+                Author.objects.filter(name__anotherequal='a1').order_by('name'),
+                [a2, a3, a4], lambda x: x
+            )
+        finally:
+            models.Field._unregister_lookup(AnotherEqual)
diff --git a/tests/queries/tests.py b/tests/queries/tests.py
index 02c7b334803..7e381830bbe 100644
--- a/tests/queries/tests.py
+++ b/tests/queries/tests.py
@@ -2620,8 +2620,15 @@ class WhereNodeTest(TestCase):
         def as_sql(self, qn, connection):
             return 'dummy', []
 
+    class MockCompiler(object):
+        def compile(self, node):
+            return node.as_sql(self, connection)
+
+        def __call__(self, name):
+            return connection.ops.quote_name(name)
+
     def test_empty_full_handling_conjunction(self):
-        qn = connection.ops.quote_name
+        qn = WhereNodeTest.MockCompiler()
         w = WhereNode(children=[EverythingNode()])
         self.assertEqual(w.as_sql(qn, connection), ('', []))
         w.negate()
@@ -2646,7 +2653,7 @@ class WhereNodeTest(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(w.as_sql(qn, connection), ('', []))
 
     def test_empty_full_handling_disjunction(self):
-        qn = connection.ops.quote_name
+        qn = WhereNodeTest.MockCompiler()
         w = WhereNode(children=[EverythingNode()], connector='OR')
         self.assertEqual(w.as_sql(qn, connection), ('', []))
         w.negate()
@@ -2673,7 +2680,7 @@ class WhereNodeTest(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(w.as_sql(qn, connection), ('NOT (dummy)', []))
 
     def test_empty_nodes(self):
-        qn = connection.ops.quote_name
+        qn = WhereNodeTest.MockCompiler()
         empty_w = WhereNode()
         w = WhereNode(children=[empty_w, empty_w])
         self.assertEqual(w.as_sql(qn, connection), (None, []))