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Fixed #8730: Incorporated (with minor changes) additions/enhancements to one-to-one docs
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@8787 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
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@ -883,6 +883,8 @@ that control how the relationship functions.
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is not provided, Django will assume a default name based upon the names of
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the two tables being joined.
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.. _ref-onetoone:
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``OneToOneField``
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-----------------
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@ -897,13 +899,17 @@ another model in some way; :ref:`multi-table-inheritance` is
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implemented by adding an implicit one-to-one relation from the child
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model to the parent model, for example.
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One positional argument is required: the class to which the model will
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be related.
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One positional argument is required: the class to which the model will be
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related. This works exactly the same as it does for :class:`ForeignKey`,
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including all the options regarding :ref:`recursive <recursive-relationships>`
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and :ref:`lazy <lazy-relationships>` relationships.
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.. _onetoone-arguments:
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Additionally, ``OneToOneField`` accepts all of the extra arguments
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accepted by :class:`ForeignKey`, plus one extra argument:
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.. attribute: OneToOneField.parent_link
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.. attribute:: OneToOneField.parent_link
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When ``True`` and used in a model which inherits from another
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(concrete) model, indicates that this field should be used as the
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@ -499,40 +499,55 @@ of the intermediate model::
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One-to-one relationships
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------------------------
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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One-to-one relationships are very similar to many-to-one relationships. If you
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define a :class:`~django.db.models.OneToOneField` on your model, instances of
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that model will have access to the related object via a simple attribute of the
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model.
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To define a one-to-one relationship, use
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:class:`~django.db.models.OneToOneField`. You use it just like any other
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``Field`` type: by including it as a class attribute of your model.
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For example::
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This is most useful on the primary key of an object when that object "extends"
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another object in some way.
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class EntryDetail(models.Model):
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entry = models.OneToOneField(Entry)
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details = models.TextField()
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:class:`~django.db.models.OneToOneField` requires a positional argument: the
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class to which the model is related.
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ed = EntryDetail.objects.get(id=2)
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ed.entry # Returns the related Entry object.
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For example, if you were building a database of "places", you would
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build pretty standard stuff such as address, phone number, etc. in the
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database. Then, if you wanted to build a database of restaurants on
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top of the places, instead of repeating yourself and replicating those
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fields in the ``Restaurant`` model, you could make ``Restaurant`` have
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a :class:`~django.db.models.OneToOneField` to ``Place`` (because a
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restaurant "is a" place; in fact, to handle this you'd typically use
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:ref:`inheritance <model-inheritance>`, which involves an implicit
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one-to-one relation).
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The difference comes in "reverse" queries. The related model in a one-to-one
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relationship also has access to a :class:`~django.db.models.Manager` object, but
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that :class:`~django.db.models.Manager` represents a single object, rather than
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a collection of objects::
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As with :class:`~django.db.models.ForeignKey`, a
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:ref:`recursive relationship <recursive-relationships>`
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can be defined and
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:ref:`references to as-yet undefined models <lazy-relationships>`
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can be made; see
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:class:`the model field reference <django.db.models.fields.OneToOneField>`
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for details.
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e = Entry.objects.get(id=2)
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e.entrydetail # returns the related EntryDetail object
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.. seealso::
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If no object has been assigned to this relationship, Django will raise
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a ``DoesNotExist`` exception.
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See the `One-to-one relationship model example`_ for a full example.
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Instances can be assigned to the reverse relationship in the same way as
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you would assign the forward relationship::
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.. _One-to-one relationship model example: http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/models/one_to_one/
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e.entrydetail = ed
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**New in Django development version**
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:class:`~django.db.models.OneToOneField` fields also accept one optional argument
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described in the :ref:`model field reference <ref-onetoone>`.
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:class:`~django.db.models.OneToOneField` classes used to automatically become
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the primary key on a model. This is no longer true (although you can manually
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pass in the :attr:`~django.db.models.Field.primary_key` argument if you like).
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Thus, it's now possible to have multiple fields of type
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:class:`~django.db.models.OneToOneField` on a single model.
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Models across files
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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-------------------
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It's perfectly OK to relate a model to one from another app. To do this, just
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import the related model at the top of the model that holds your model. Then,
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@ -916,8 +916,35 @@ above example, if the ``ManyToManyField`` in ``Entry`` had specified
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One-to-one relationships
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------------------------
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The semantics of one-to-one relationships will be changing soon, so we don't
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recommend you use them.
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One-to-one relationships are very similar to many-to-one relationships. If you
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define a :class:`~django.db.models.OneToOneField` on your model, instances of
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that model will have access to the related object via a simple attribute of the
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model.
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For example::
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class EntryDetail(models.Model):
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entry = models.OneToOneField(Entry)
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details = models.TextField()
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ed = EntryDetail.objects.get(id=2)
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ed.entry # Returns the related Entry object.
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The difference comes in "reverse" queries. The related model in a one-to-one
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relationship also has access to a :class:`~django.db.models.Manager` object, but
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that :class:`~django.db.models.Manager` represents a single object, rather than
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a collection of objects::
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e = Entry.objects.get(id=2)
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e.entrydetail # returns the related EntryDetail object
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If no object has been assigned to this relationship, Django will raise
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a ``DoesNotExist`` exception.
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Instances can be assigned to the reverse relationship in the same way as
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you would assign the forward relationship::
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e.entrydetail = ed
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How are the backward relationships possible?
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--------------------------------------------
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