Fixed #239 and #107 -- Changed model init() to use Field.get_default() if the value wasn't explicitly passed as a keyword argument. That means setting 'id=None' is no longer necessary, and you can leave off fields if you want them to have default values set.

git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@360 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37

django/core/meta.py

@@ -720,14 +720,13 @@ class Model:
 # CORE METHODS #############################
 
 def method_init(opts, self, *args, **kwargs):
+    if kwargs:
+        for f in opts.fields:
+            setattr(self, f.name, kwargs.pop(f.name, f.get_default()))
+        if kwargs:
+            raise TypeError, "'%s' is an invalid keyword argument for this function" % kwargs.keys()[0]
     for i, arg in enumerate(args):
         setattr(self, opts.fields[i].name, arg)
-    for k, v in kwargs.items():
-        try:
-            opts.get_field(k, many_to_many=False)
-        except FieldDoesNotExist:
-            raise TypeError, "'%s' is an invalid keyword argument for this function" % k
-        setattr(self, k, v)
 
 def method_eq(opts, self, other):
     return isinstance(other, self.__class__) and getattr(self, opts.pk.name) == getattr(other, opts.pk.name)

docs/db-api.txt

@@ -333,8 +333,7 @@ Creating new objects
 Creating new objects (i.e. ``INSERT``) is done by creating new instances
 of objects then calling save() on them::
 
-    >>> p = polls.Poll(id=None,
-    ...                slug="eggs",
+    >>> p = polls.Poll(slug="eggs",
     ...                question="How do you like your eggs?",
     ...                pub_date=datetime.datetime.now(),
     ...                expire_date=some_future_date)
@@ -355,8 +354,7 @@ Related objects (i.e. ``Choices``) are created using convience functions::
 Each of those ``add_choice`` methods is equivilent to (except obviously much
 simpler than)::
 
-    >>> c = polls.Choice(id=None,
-    ...                  poll_id=p.id,
+    >>> c = polls.Choice(poll_id=p.id,
     ...                  choice="Over easy",
     ...                  votes=0)
     >>> c.save()

docs/overview.txt

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ is created on the fly: No code generation necessary::
     []
 
     # Create a new Reporter.
-    >>> r = reporters.Reporter(id=None, full_name='John Smith')
+    >>> r = reporters.Reporter(full_name='John Smith')
 
     # Save the object into the database. You have to call save() explicitly.
     >>> r.save()
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ is created on the fly: No code generation necessary::
 
     # Create an article.
     >>> from datetime import datetime
-    >>> a = articles.Article(id=None, pub_date=datetime.now(), headline='Django is cool', article='Yeah.', reporter_id=1)
+    >>> a = articles.Article(pub_date=datetime.now(), headline='Django is cool', article='Yeah.', reporter_id=1)
     >>> a.save()
 
     # Now the article is in the database.

docs/tutorial01.txt

@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ free Python API Django gives you::
 
     # Create a new Poll.
     >>> from datetime import datetime
-    >>> p = polls.Poll(id=None, question="What's up?", pub_date=datetime.now())
+    >>> p = polls.Poll(question="What's up?", pub_date=datetime.now())
 
     # Save the object into the database. You have to call save() explicitly.
     >>> p.save()

tests/testapp/models/basic.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from django.core import meta
 
 class Article(meta.Model):
     fields = (
-        meta.CharField('headline', maxlength=100),
+        meta.CharField('headline', maxlength=100, default='Default headline'),
         meta.DateTimeField('pub_date'),
     )
 
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ API_TESTS = """
 
 # Create an Article.
 >>> from datetime import datetime
->>> a = articles.Article(id=None, headline='Area man programs in Python', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28))
+>>> a = articles.Article(id=None, headline='Area man programs in Python',
+...     pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28))
 
 # Save it into the database. You have to call save() explicitly.
 >>> a.save()
@@ -70,4 +71,53 @@ ArticleDoesNotExist: Article does not exist for {'id__exact': 2}
 >>> b = articles.get_object(pk=1)
 >>> a == b
 True
+
+# You can initialize a model instance using positional arguments, which should
+# match the field order as defined in the model...
+>>> a2 = articles.Article(None, 'Second article', datetime(2005, 7, 29))
+>>> a2.save()
+>>> a2.id
+2L
+>>> a2.headline
+'Second article'
+>>> a2.pub_date
+datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 29, 0, 0)
+
+# ...or, you can use keyword arguments.
+>>> a3 = articles.Article(id=None, headline='Third article',
+...    pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 30))
+>>> a3.save()
+>>> a3.id
+3L
+>>> a3.headline
+'Third article'
+>>> a3.pub_date
+datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 30, 0, 0)
+
+# You can also mix and match position and keyword arguments, but be sure not to
+# duplicate field information.
+>>> a4 = articles.Article(None, 'Fourth article', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31))
+>>> a4.save()
+>>> a4.headline
+'Fourth article'
+
+# Don't use invalid keyword arguments.
+>>> a5 = articles.Article(id=None, headline='Invalid', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31), foo='bar')
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ...
+TypeError: 'foo' is an invalid keyword argument for this function
+
+# You can leave off the ID.
+>>> a5 = articles.Article(headline='Article 6', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31))
+>>> a5.save()
+>>> a5.id
+5L
+>>> a5.headline
+'Article 6'
+
+# If you leave off a field with "default" set, Django will use the default.
+>>> a6 = articles.Article(pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31))
+>>> a6.save()
+>>> a6.headline
+'Default headline'
 """