Updated contributing documentation to contain the new release process and updated information about branches using DVCSes.

git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@9071 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37

docs/internals/contributing.txt

@@ -185,6 +185,8 @@ Patch style
       English than in code. Indentation is the most common example; it's hard to
       read patches when the only difference in code is that it's indented.
       
+      Patches in ``git diff`` format are also acceptable.
+
     * When creating patches, always run ``svn diff`` from the top-level
       ``trunk`` directory -- i.e., the one that contains ``django``, ``docs``,
       ``tests``, ``AUTHORS``, etc. This makes it easy for other people to apply
@@ -400,10 +402,10 @@ translated, here's what to do:
 
     * Join the `Django i18n mailing list`_ and introduce yourself.
 
-    * Create translations using the methods described in the :ref:`i18n
+    * Create translations using the methods described in the 
-      documentation <topics-i18n>`. For this you will use the ``django-admin.py
+      :ref:`i18n documentation <topics-i18n>`. For this you will use the
-      makemessages`` tool. In this particular case it should be run from the
+      ``django-admin.py makemessages`` tool. In this particular case it should
-      top-level ``django`` directory of the Django source tree.
+      be run from the top-level ``django`` directory of the Django source tree.
 
       The script runs over the entire Django source tree and pulls out all
       strings marked for translation. It creates (or updates) a message file in
@@ -597,11 +599,11 @@ Our policy is:
     version. Assume documentation readers are using the latest release, not the
     development version.**
 
-Our prefered way for marking new features is by prefacing the features'
+Our preferred way for marking new features is by prefacing the features'
 documentation with: ".. versionadded:: X.Y", followed by an optional one line
 comment and a mandatory blank line.
 
-General improvements, or other changes to the APIs that should be emphasised
+General improvements, or other changes to the APIs that should be emphasized
 should use the ".. versionchanged:: X.Y" directive (with the same format as the
 ``versionadded`` mentioned above.
 
@@ -691,6 +693,11 @@ repository:
       commit. This goes a *long way* in helping all core Django developers
       follow your changes.
       
+    * Separate bug fixes from feature changes. 
+    
+      Bug fixes need to be added to the current bugfix branch (e.g. the
+      ``1.0.X`` branch) as well as the current trunk.
+
     * If your commit closes a ticket in the Django `ticket tracker`_, begin
       your commit message with the text "Fixed #abc", where "abc" is the number
       of the ticket your commit fixes. Example: "Fixed #123 -- Added support
@@ -809,7 +816,6 @@ method as above::
 
     ./runtests.py --settings=settings markup
 
-
 Requesting features
 ===================
 
@@ -837,23 +843,80 @@ our repository; see below.
 Branch policy
 =============
 
-In general, most development is confined to the trunk, and the trunk
+In general, the trunk must be kept stable. People should be able to run
-is kept stable. People should be able to run production sites against the
+production sites against the trunk at any time. Additionally, commits to trunk
-trunk at any time.
+ought to be as atomic as possible -- smaller changes are better. Thus, large
+feature changes -- that is, changes too large to be encapsulated in a single
+patch, or changes that need multiple eyes on them -- must happen on dedicated
+branches.
 
-Thus, large architectural changes -- that is, changes too large to be
+This means that if you want to work on a large feature -- anything that would
-encapsulated in a single patch, or changes that need multiple eyes on them --
+take more than a single patch, or requires large-scale refactoring -- you need
-will have dedicated branches. See, for example, the `i18n branch`_. If you
+to do it on a feature branch. Our development process recognizes two options
-have a change of this nature that you'd like to work on, ask on
+for feature branches:
-`django-developers`_ for a branch to be created for you. We'll create a branch
-for pretty much any kind of experimenting you'd like to do.
 
-We will only branch entire copies of the Django tree, even if work is only
+    1. Feature branches using a distributed revision control system like
-happening on part of that tree. This makes it painless to switch to a branch.
+       Git_, Mercurial_, Bazaar_, etc.
        
-Developers working on a branch should periodically merge changes from the trunk
+       If you're familiar with one of these tools, this is probably your best 
-into the branch. Please merge at least once a week. Every time you merge from
+       option since it doesn't require any support or buy-in from the Django
-the trunk, note the merge and revision numbers in the commit message.
+       core developers.
+       
+       However, do keep in mind that Django will continue to use Subversion for
+       the foreseeable future, and this will naturally limit the recognition of
+       your branch. Further, if your branch becomes eligible for merging to
+       trunk you'll need to find a core developer familiar with your DVCS of
+       choice who'll actually perform the merge.
+       
+       If you do decided to start a distributed branch of Django and choose to make it
+       public, please add the branch to the `Django branches`_ wiki page.
+       
+    2. Feature branches using SVN have a higher bar. If you want a branch in SVN
+       itself, you'll need a "mentor" among the :ref:`core committers
+       <internals-committers>`. This person is responsible for actually creating
+       the branch, monitoring your process (see below), and ultimately merging
+       the branch into trunk.
+       
+       If you want a feature branch in SVN, you'll need to ask in
+       `django-developers`_ for a mentor. 
+
+.. _git: http://git.or.cz/
+.. _mercurial: http://www.selenic.com/mercurial/
+.. _bazaar: http://bazaar-vcs.org/
+.. _django branches: http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/DjangoBranches
+
+Branch rules
+------------
+
+We've got a few rules for branches born out of experience with what makes a
+successful Django branch. 
+
+DVCS branches are obviously not under central control, so we have no way of
+enforcing these rules. However, if you're using a DVCS, following these rules
+will give you the best chance of having a successful branch (read: merged back to
+trunk).
+
+Developers with branches in SVN, however, **must** follow these rules. The
+branch mentor will keep on eye on the branch and **will delete it** if these
+rules are broken.
+
+    * Only branch entire copies of the Django tree, even if work is only
+      happening on part of that tree. This makes it painless to switch to a
+      branch.
+      
+    * Merge changes from trunk no less than once a week, and preferably every
+      couple-three days.
+      
+      In our experience, doing regular trunk merges is often the difference
+      between a successful branch and one that fizzles and dies.
+      
+      If you're working on an SVN branch, you should be using `svnmerge.py`_
+      to track merges from trunk.
+      
+    * Keep tests passing and documentation up-to-date. As with patches,
+      we'll only merge a branch that comes with tests and documentation.
+      
+.. _svnmerge.py: http://www.orcaware.com/svn/wiki/Svnmerge.py
 
 Once the branch is stable and ready to be merged into the trunk, alert
 `django-developers`_.
@@ -953,47 +1016,6 @@ file. Then copy the branch's version of the ``django`` directory into
 
 .. _path file: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-site.html
 
-.. _official-releases:
-
-Official releases
-=================
-
-Django's release numbering works as follows:
-
-    * Versions are numbered in the form ``A.B`` or ``A.B.C``.
-
-    * ``A`` is the major version number, which is only incremented for major
-      changes to Django, and these changes are not necessarily
-      backwards-compatible. That is, code you wrote for Django 6.0 may break
-      when we release Django 7.0.
-
-    * ``B`` is the minor version number, which is incremented for large yet
-      backwards compatible changes.  Code written for Django 6.4 will continue
-      to work under Django 6.5.
-
-      A minor release may deprecate certain features in previous releases. If a
-      feature in version ``A.B`` is deprecated, it will continue to work in
-      version ``A.B+1``. In version ``A.B+2``, use of the feature will raise a
-      ``PendingDeprecationWarning`` but will continue to work.  Version
-      ``A.B+3`` will remove the feature entirely. Major point releases will
-      always remove deprecated features immediately.
-
-    * ``C`` is the micro version number which, is incremented for bug and
-      security fixes.  A new micro-release will always be 100%
-      backwards-compatible with the previous micro-release.
-
-    * In some cases, we'll make release candidate releases. These are of the
-      form ``A.BrcN``, which means the ``Nth`` candidate release of version
-      ``A.B``.
-
-An exception to this version numbering scheme is the pre-1.0 Django code.
-There's no guarantee of backwards-compatibility until the 1.0 release.
-
-In Subversion, each Django release will be tagged under `tags/releases`_.  If
-it's necessary to release a bug fix release or a security release that doesn't
-come from the trunk, we'll copy that tag to ``branches/releases`` to make the
-bug fix release.
-
 Deciding on features
 ====================
 

docs/internals/index.txt

@@ -21,3 +21,4 @@ the hood".
    contributing
    documentation
    committers
+   release-process

docs/internals/release-process.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+.. _internals-release-process:
+
+========================
+Django's release process
+========================
+
+.. _official-releases:
+
+Official releases
+=================
+
+Django's release numbering works as follows:
+
+    * Versions are numbered in the form ``A.B`` or ``A.B.C``.
+
+    * ``A`` is the *major version* number, which is only incremented for major
+      changes to Django, and these changes are not necessarily
+      backwards-compatible. That is, code you wrote for Django 6.0 may break
+      when we release Django 7.0.
+
+    * ``B`` is the *minor version* number, which is incremented for large yet
+      backwards compatible changes.  Code written for Django 6.4 will continue
+      to work under Django 6.5.
+
+    * ``C`` is the *micro version* number which, is incremented for bug and
+      security fixes.  A new micro-release will always be 100%
+      backwards-compatible with the previous micro-release.
+
+    * In some cases, we'll make alpha, beta, or release candidate releases.
+      These are of the form ``A.B alpha/beta/rc N``, which means the ``Nth``
+      alpha/beta/release candidate of version ``A.B``.
+
+An exception to this version numbering scheme is the pre-1.0 Django code.
+There's no guarantee of backwards-compatibility until the 1.0 release.
+
+In Subversion, each Django release will be tagged under ``tags/releases``.  If
+it's necessary to release a bug fix release or a security release that doesn't
+come from the trunk, we'll copy that tag to ``branches/releases`` to make the
+bug fix release.
+
+Major releases
+--------------
+
+Major releases (1.0, 2.0, etc.) will happen very infrequently (think "years",
+not "months"), and will probably represent major, sweeping changes to Django.
+
+Minor releases
+--------------
+
+Minor release (1.1, 1.2, etc.) will happen roughly every six months -- see
+`release process`_, below for details. 
+
+These releases will contain new features, improvements to existing features, and
+such. A minor release may deprecate certain features from previous releases. If a
+feature in version ``A.B`` is deprecated, it will continue to work in version
+``A.B+1``. In version ``A.B+2``, use of the feature will raise a
+``PendingDeprecationWarning`` but will continue to work. Version ``A.B+3`` will
+remove the feature entirely. 
+
+So, for example, if we decided to remove a function that existed in Django 1.0:
+
+    * Django 1.1 will contain a backwards-compatible replica of the function
+      which will raise a ``PendingDeprecationWarning``. This warning is silent
+      by default; you need to explicitly turn on display of these warnings.
+
+    * Django 1.2 will contain the backwards-compatible replica, but the warning
+      will be promoted to a full-fledged ``DeprecationWarning``. This warning is
+      *loud* by default, and will likely be quite annoying.
+      
+    * Django 1.3 will remove the feature outright.
+    
+Micro releases
+--------------
+
+Micro releases (1.0.1, 1.0.2, 1.1.1, etc.) will be issued at least once half-way
+between minor releases, and probably more often as needed.
+
+These releases will always be 100% compatible with the associated minor release
+-- the answer to "should I upgrade to the latest micro release?" will always be
+"yes."
+
+Each minor release of Django will have a "release maintainer" appointed. This
+person will be responsible for making sure that bug fixes are applied to both
+trunk and the maintained micro-release branch. This person will also work with
+the release manager to decide when to release the micro releases.
+
+Supported versions
+==================
+
+At any moment in time, Django's developer team will support a set of releases to
+varying levels:
+
+    * The current development trunk will get new features and bug fixes
+      requiring major refactoring.
+    
+    * All bug fixes applied to the trunk will also be applied to the last
+      minor release, to be released as the next micro release.
+      
+    * Security fixes will be applied to the current trunk and the previous two
+      minor releases.
+      
+As a concrete example, consider a moment in time halfway between the release of
+Django 1.3 and 1.4. At this point in time:
+
+    * Features will be added to development trunk, to be released as Django 1.4.
+    
+    * Bug fixes will be applied to a ``1.3.X`` branch, and released as 1.3.1,
+      1.3.2, etc.
+      
+    * Security releases will be applied to trunk, a ``1.3.X`` branch and a
+      ``1.2.X`` branch. Security fixes will trigger the release of of ``1.3.1``,
+      ``1.2.1``, etc.
+
+.. _release-process:
+
+Release process
+===============
+
+Django uses a time-based release schedule, with minor (i.e. 1.1, 1.2, etc.)
+releases every six months, or more, depending on features. 
+
+After each previous release (and after a suitable cooling-off period of a week
+or two), the core development team will examine the landscape and announce a
+timeline for the next release. Most releases will be scheduled in the 6-9 month
+range, but if we have bigger features to development we might schedule a longer
+period to allow for more ambitious work.
+
+Release cycle
+-------------
+
+Each release cycle will be split into three periods, each lasting roughly
+one-third of the cycle:
+
+Phase one: feature proposal
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The first phase of the release process will be devoted to figuring out what
+features to include in the next version. This should include a good deal of
+preliminary work on those features -- working code trumps grand design.
+
+At the end of part one, the core developers will propose a feature list for the
+upcoming release. This will be broken into:
+
+* "Must-have": critical features that will delay the release if not finished
+* "Maybe" features: that will be pushed to the next release if not finished
+* "Not going to happen": features explicitly deferred to a later release.
+
+Anything that hasn't got at least some work done by the end of the first third
+isn't eligible for the next release; a design alone isn't sufficient.
+
+Phase two: development
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The second third of the release schedule is the "heads-down" working period.
+Using the roadmap produced at the end of phase one, we'll all work very hard to
+get everything on it done.
+
+Longer release schedules will likely spend more than a third of the time in this
+phase.
+
+At the end of phase two, any unfinished "maybe" features will be postponed until
+the next release. Though it shouldn't happen, any "must-have" features will
+extend phase two, and thus postpone the final release.
+
+Phase two will culminate with an alpha release.
+
+Phase three: bugfixes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The last third of a release is spent fixing bugs -- no new features will be
+accepted during this time. We'll release a beta release about halfway through,
+and an rc complete with string freeze two weeks before the end of the schedule.
+
+Bug-fix releases
+----------------
+
+After a minor release (i.e 1.1), the previous release will go into bug-fix mode. 
+
+A branch will be created of the form ``branches/releases/1.0.X`` to track
+bug-fixes to the previous release. When possible, bugs fixed on trunk must
+*also* be fixed on the bug-fix branch; this means that commits need to cleanly
+separate bug fixes from feature additions. Each bug-fix branch will have a
+maintainer who will work with the committers to keep them honest on backporting
+bug fixes.
+
+How this all fits together
+--------------------------
+
+Let's look at a hypothetical example for how this all first together. Imagine,
+if you will, a point about halfway between 1.1 and 1.2. At this point,
+development will be happening in a bunch of places:
+
+    * On trunk, development towards 1.2 proceeds with small additions, bugs
+      fixes, etc. being checked in daily.
+      
+    * On the branch "branches/releases/1.1.X", bug fixes found in the 1.1
+      release are checked in as needed. At some point, this branch will be
+      released as "1.1.1", "1.1.2", etc.
+
+    * On the branch "branches/releases/1.0.X", security fixes are made if
+      needed and released as "1.0.2", "1.0.3", etc.
+    
+    * On feature branches, development of major features is done. These
+      branches will be merged into trunk before the end of phase two.
+