A few minor wording, whitespace, punctuation, and link changes for the middleware documentation.

git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@9833 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
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Gary Wilson Jr 2009-02-15 05:46:00 +00:00
parent bfbd62752a
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@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ Built-in middleware reference
:synopsis: Django's built-in middleware classes. :synopsis: Django's built-in middleware classes.
This document explains all middleware components that come with Django. For This document explains all middleware components that come with Django. For
information on how how to use them and how to write your own middleware, see the information on how how to use them and how to write your own middleware, see
:ref:`middleware usage guide <topics-http-middleware>`. the :ref:`middleware usage guide <topics-http-middleware>`.
Available middleware Available middleware
==================== ====================
@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ Cache middleware
---------------- ----------------
.. module:: django.middleware.cache .. module:: django.middleware.cache
:synopsis: Middleware for the site-wide cache :synopsis: Middleware for the site-wide cache.
.. class:: django.middleware.cache.UpdateCacheMiddleware .. class:: django.middleware.cache.UpdateCacheMiddleware
.. class:: django.middleware.cache.FetchFromCacheMiddleware .. class:: django.middleware.cache.FetchFromCacheMiddleware
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ defines. See the :ref:`cache documentation <topics-cache>`.
.. module:: django.middleware.common .. module:: django.middleware.common
:synopsis: Middleware adding "common" conveniences for perfectionists. :synopsis: Middleware adding "common" conveniences for perfectionists.
.. class:: django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware .. class:: django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware
Adds a few conveniences for perfectionists: Adds a few conveniences for perfectionists:
@ -45,14 +45,14 @@ Adds a few conveniences for perfectionists:
:setting:`PREPEND_WWW` settings. :setting:`PREPEND_WWW` settings.
If :setting:`APPEND_SLASH` is ``True`` and the initial URL doesn't end If :setting:`APPEND_SLASH` is ``True`` and the initial URL doesn't end
with a slash, and it is not found in the URLconf, then a new URL is formed with a slash, and it is not found in the URLconf, then a new URL is
by appending a slash at the end. If this new URL is found in the URLconf, formed by appending a slash at the end. If this new URL is found in the
then Django redirects the request to this new URL. Otherwise, the initial URLconf, then Django redirects the request to this new URL. Otherwise,
URL is processed as usual. the initial URL is processed as usual.
For example, ``foo.com/bar`` will be redirected to ``foo.com/bar/`` if you For example, ``foo.com/bar`` will be redirected to ``foo.com/bar/`` if
don't have a valid URL pattern for ``foo.com/bar`` but *do* have a valid you don't have a valid URL pattern for ``foo.com/bar`` but *do* have a
pattern for ``foo.com/bar/``. valid pattern for ``foo.com/bar/``.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0 .. versionchanged:: 1.0
The behavior of :setting:`APPEND_SLASH` has changed slightly in this The behavior of :setting:`APPEND_SLASH` has changed slightly in this
@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ Adds a few conveniences for perfectionists:
normalize URLs. normalize URLs.
* Handles ETags based on the :setting:`USE_ETAGS` setting. If * Handles ETags based on the :setting:`USE_ETAGS` setting. If
:setting:`USE_ETAGS` is set to ``True``, Django will calculate an ETag for :setting:`USE_ETAGS` is set to ``True``, Django will calculate an ETag
each request by MD5-hashing the page content, and it'll take care of for each request by MD5-hashing the page content, and it'll take care of
sending ``Not Modified`` responses, if appropriate. sending ``Not Modified`` responses, if appropriate.
View metadata middleware View metadata middleware
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ GZIP middleware
.. module:: django.middleware.gzip .. module:: django.middleware.gzip
:synopsis: Middleware to serve gziped content for performance. :synopsis: Middleware to serve gziped content for performance.
.. class:: django.middleware.gzip.GZipMiddleware .. class:: django.middleware.gzip.GZipMiddleware
Compresses content for browsers that understand gzip compression (all modern Compresses content for browsers that understand gzip compression (all modern
@ -139,11 +139,12 @@ Locale middleware
.. module:: django.middleware.locale .. module:: django.middleware.locale
:synopsis: Middleware to enable language selection based on the request. :synopsis: Middleware to enable language selection based on the request.
.. class:: django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware .. class:: django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware
Enables language selection based on data from the request. It customizes content Enables language selection based on data from the request. It customizes
for each user. See the :ref:`internationalization documentation <topics-i18n>`. content for each user. See the :ref:`internationalization documentation
<topics-i18n>`.
Session middleware Session middleware
------------------ ------------------
@ -160,18 +161,20 @@ Authentication middleware
------------------------- -------------------------
.. module:: django.contrib.auth.middleware .. module:: django.contrib.auth.middleware
:synopsis: Authentication middleware :synopsis: Authentication middleware.
.. class:: django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware .. class:: django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware
Adds the ``user`` attribute, representing the currently-logged-in user, to every Adds the ``user`` attribute, representing the currently-logged-in user, to
incoming ``HttpRequest`` object. See :ref:`Authentication in Web requests <topics-auth>`. every incoming ``HttpRequest`` object. See :ref:`Authentication in Web requests
<topics-auth>`.
CSRF protection middleware CSRF protection middleware
-------------------------- --------------------------
.. module:: django.contrib.csrf.middleware .. module:: django.contrib.csrf.middleware
:synopsis: Middleware adding protection against Cross Site Request Forgeries. :synopsis: Middleware adding protection against Cross Site Request
Forgeries.
.. class:: django.contrib.csrf.middleware.CsrfMiddleware .. class:: django.contrib.csrf.middleware.CsrfMiddleware
@ -189,9 +192,9 @@ Transaction middleware
.. class:: django.middleware.transaction.TransactionMiddleware .. class:: django.middleware.transaction.TransactionMiddleware
Binds commit and rollback to the request/response phase. If a view function runs Binds commit and rollback to the request/response phase. If a view function
successfully, a commit is done. If it fails with an exception, a rollback is runs successfully, a commit is done. If it fails with an exception, a rollback
done. is done.
The order of this middleware in the stack is important: middleware modules The order of this middleware in the stack is important: middleware modules
running outside of it run with commit-on-save - the default Django behavior. running outside of it run with commit-on-save - the default Django behavior.
@ -199,4 +202,3 @@ Middleware modules running inside it (coming later in the stack) will be under
the same transaction control as the view functions. the same transaction control as the view functions.
See the :ref:`transaction management documentation <topics-db-transactions>`. See the :ref:`transaction management documentation <topics-db-transactions>`.

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@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ example, Django includes a middleware component, ``XViewMiddleware``, that adds
an ``"X-View"`` HTTP header to every response to a ``HEAD`` request. an ``"X-View"`` HTTP header to every response to a ``HEAD`` request.
This document explains how middleware works, how you activate middleware, and This document explains how middleware works, how you activate middleware, and
how to write your own middleware. Django ships with some built-in middleware you how to write your own middleware. Django ships with some built-in middleware
can use right out of the box; they're documented in the :ref:`built-in you can use right out of the box; they're documented in the :ref:`built-in
middleware guide <ref-middleware>`. middleware reference <ref-middleware>`.
Activating middleware Activating middleware
===================== =====================
@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ created by :djadmin:`django-admin.py startproject <startproject>`::
During the request phases (:meth:`process_request` and :meth:`process_view` During the request phases (:meth:`process_request` and :meth:`process_view`
middleware), Django applies middleware in the order it's defined in middleware), Django applies middleware in the order it's defined in
:setting:`MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES`, top-down. During the response phases :setting:`MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES`, top-down. During the response phases
(:meth:`process_response` and :meth:`process_exception` middleware), the classes (:meth:`process_response` and :meth:`process_exception` middleware), the
are applied in reverse order, from the bottom up. You can think of it like an classes are applied in reverse order, from the bottom up. You can think of it
onion: each middleware class is a "layer" that wraps the view: like an onion: each middleware class is a "layer" that wraps the view:
.. image:: _images/middleware.png .. image:: _images/middleware.png
:width: 502 :width: 502
@ -81,21 +81,22 @@ Response middleware is always called on every response.
.. method:: process_view(self, request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs) .. method:: process_view(self, request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs)
``request`` is an :class:`~django.http.HttpRequest` object. ``view_func`` is the ``request`` is an :class:`~django.http.HttpRequest` object. ``view_func`` is
Python function that Django is about to use. (It's the actual function object, the Python function that Django is about to use. (It's the actual function
not the name of the function as a string.) ``view_args`` is a list of positional object, not the name of the function as a string.) ``view_args`` is a list of
arguments that will be passed to the view, and ``view_kwargs`` is a dictionary positional arguments that will be passed to the view, and ``view_kwargs`` is a
of keyword arguments that will be passed to the view. Neither ``view_args`` nor dictionary of keyword arguments that will be passed to the view. Neither
``view_kwargs`` include the first view argument (``request``). ``view_args`` nor ``view_kwargs`` include the first view argument
(``request``).
``process_view()`` is called just before Django calls the view. It should return ``process_view()`` is called just before Django calls the view. It should
either ``None`` or an :class:`~django.http. HttpResponse` object. If it returns return either ``None`` or an :class:`~django.http. HttpResponse` object. If it
``None``, Django will continue processing this request, executing any other returns ``None``, Django will continue processing this request, executing any
``process_view()`` middleware and, then, the appropriate view. If it returns an other ``process_view()`` middleware and, then, the appropriate view. If it
:class:`~django.http. HttpResponse` object, Django won't bother calling ANY returns an :class:`~django.http. HttpResponse` object, Django won't bother
other request, view or exception middleware, or the appropriate view; it'll calling ANY other request, view or exception middleware, or the appropriate
return that :class:`~django.http. HttpResponse`. Response middleware is always view; it'll return that :class:`~django.http. HttpResponse`. Response
called on every response. middleware is always called on every response.
.. _response-middleware: .. _response-middleware:
@ -124,8 +125,8 @@ brand-new :class:`~django.http. HttpResponse`.
Django calls ``process_exception()`` when a view raises an exception. Django calls ``process_exception()`` when a view raises an exception.
``process_exception()`` should return either ``None`` or an ``process_exception()`` should return either ``None`` or an
:class:`~django.http. HttpResponse` object. If it returns an :class:`~django.http. HttpResponse` object. If it returns an
:class:`~django.http. HttpResponse` object, the response will be returned to the :class:`~django.http. HttpResponse` object, the response will be returned to
browser. Otherwise, default exception handling kicks in. the browser. Otherwise, default exception handling kicks in.
``__init__`` ``__init__``
------------ ------------
@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ of caveats:
* Django initializes your middleware without any arguments, so you can't * Django initializes your middleware without any arguments, so you can't
define ``__init__`` as requiring any arguments. define ``__init__`` as requiring any arguments.
* Unlike the ``process_*`` methods which get called once per request, * Unlike the ``process_*`` methods which get called once per request,
``__init__`` gets called only *once*, when the web server starts up. ``__init__`` gets called only *once*, when the web server starts up.
@ -146,8 +147,8 @@ Marking middleware as unused
It's sometimes useful to determine at run-time whether a piece of middleware It's sometimes useful to determine at run-time whether a piece of middleware
should be used. In these cases, your middleware's ``__init__`` method may raise should be used. In these cases, your middleware's ``__init__`` method may raise
``django.core.exceptions.MiddlewareNotUsed``. Django will then remove that piece ``django.core.exceptions.MiddlewareNotUsed``. Django will then remove that
of middleware from the middleware process. piece of middleware from the middleware process.
Guidelines Guidelines
---------- ----------
@ -155,14 +156,11 @@ Guidelines
* Middleware classes don't have to subclass anything. * Middleware classes don't have to subclass anything.
* The middleware class can live anywhere on your Python path. All Django * The middleware class can live anywhere on your Python path. All Django
cares about is that the :setting:`MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES` setting includes the cares about is that the :setting:`MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES` setting includes
path the path to it.
to it.
* Feel free to look at :mod:`Django's available middleware for examples * Feel free to look at :ref:`Django's available middleware
<django.middleware>`. The core Django middleware classes are in <ref-middleware>` for examples.
``django/middleware/`` in the Django distribution. The session middleware
is in ``django/contrib/sessions``.
* If you write a middleware component that you think would be useful to * If you write a middleware component that you think would be useful to
other people, contribute to the community! :ref:`Let us know other people, contribute to the community! :ref:`Let us know