from unittest import mock from django.core.checks import Error from django.core.checks import Warning as DjangoWarning from django.db import connection, models from django.test.testcases import SimpleTestCase from django.test.utils import isolate_apps, modify_settings, override_settings @isolate_apps("invalid_models_tests") class RelativeFieldTests(SimpleTestCase): def test_valid_foreign_key_without_accessor(self): class Target(models.Model): # There would be a clash if Model.field installed an accessor. model = models.IntegerField() class Model(models.Model): field = models.ForeignKey(Target, models.CASCADE, related_name="+") field = Model._meta.get_field("field") self.assertEqual(field.check(), []) def test_foreign_key_to_missing_model(self): # Model names are resolved when a model is being created, so we cannot # test relative fields in isolation and we need to attach them to a # model. class Model(models.Model): foreign_key = models.ForeignKey("Rel1", models.CASCADE) field = Model._meta.get_field("foreign_key") self.assertEqual( field.check(), [ Error( "Field defines a relation with model 'Rel1', " "which is either not installed, or is abstract.", obj=field, id="fields.E300", ), ], ) @isolate_apps("invalid_models_tests") def test_foreign_key_to_isolate_apps_model(self): """ #25723 - Referenced model registration lookup should be run against the field's model registry. """ class OtherModel(models.Model): pass class Model(models.Model): foreign_key = models.ForeignKey("OtherModel", models.CASCADE) field = Model._meta.get_field("foreign_key") self.assertEqual(field.check(from_model=Model), []) def test_many_to_many_to_missing_model(self): class Model(models.Model): m2m = models.ManyToManyField("Rel2") field = Model._meta.get_field("m2m") self.assertEqual( field.check(from_model=Model), [ Error( "Field defines a relation with model 'Rel2', " "which is either not installed, or is abstract.", obj=field, id="fields.E300", ), ], ) @isolate_apps("invalid_models_tests") def test_many_to_many_to_isolate_apps_model(self): """ #25723 - Referenced model registration lookup should be run against the field's model registry. """ class OtherModel(models.Model): pass class Model(models.Model): m2m = models.ManyToManyField("OtherModel") field = Model._meta.get_field("m2m") self.assertEqual(field.check(from_model=Model), []) def test_many_to_many_with_useless_options(self): class Model(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=20) class ModelM2M(models.Model): m2m = models.ManyToManyField( Model, null=True, validators=[lambda x: x], db_comment="Column comment" ) field = ModelM2M._meta.get_field("m2m") self.assertEqual( ModelM2M.check(), [ DjangoWarning( "null has no effect on ManyToManyField.", obj=field, id="fields.W340", ), DjangoWarning( "ManyToManyField does not support validators.", obj=field, id="fields.W341", ), DjangoWarning( "db_comment has no effect on ManyToManyField.", obj=field, id="fields.W346", ), ], ) def test_many_to_many_with_useless_related_name(self): class ModelM2M(models.Model): m2m = models.ManyToManyField("self", related_name="children") field = ModelM2M._meta.get_field("m2m") self.assertEqual( ModelM2M.check(), [ DjangoWarning( "related_name has no effect on ManyToManyField with " 'a symmetrical relationship, e.g. to "self".', obj=field, id="fields.W345", ), ], ) def test_ambiguous_relationship_model_from(self): class Person(models.Model): pass class Group(models.Model): field = models.ManyToManyField("Person", through="AmbiguousRelationship") class AmbiguousRelationship(models.Model): person = models.ForeignKey(Person, models.CASCADE) first_group = models.ForeignKey(Group, models.CASCADE, related_name="first") second_group = models.ForeignKey( Group, models.CASCADE, related_name="second" ) field = Group._meta.get_field("field") self.assertEqual( field.check(from_model=Group), [ Error( "The model is used as an intermediate model by " "'invalid_models_tests.Group.field', but it has more than one " "foreign key from 'Group', which is ambiguous. You must " "specify which foreign key Django should use via the " "through_fields keyword argument.", hint=( "If you want to create a recursive relationship, use " 'ManyToManyField("self", through="AmbiguousRelationship").' ), obj=field, id="fields.E334", ), ], ) def test_ambiguous_relationship_model_to(self): class Person(models.Model): pass class Group(models.Model): field = models.ManyToManyField( "Person", through="AmbiguousRelationship", related_name="tertiary" ) class AmbiguousRelationship(models.Model): # Too much foreign keys to Person. first_person = models.ForeignKey( Person, models.CASCADE, related_name="first" ) second_person = models.ForeignKey( Person, models.CASCADE, related_name="second" ) second_model = models.ForeignKey(Group, models.CASCADE) field = Group._meta.get_field("field") self.assertEqual( field.check(from_model=Group), [ Error( "The model is used as an intermediate model by " "'invalid_models_tests.Group.field', but it has more than one " "foreign key to 'Person', which is ambiguous. You must specify " "which foreign key Django should use via the through_fields " "keyword argument.", hint=( "If you want to create a recursive relationship, use " 'ManyToManyField("self", through="AmbiguousRelationship").' ), obj=field, id="fields.E335", ), ], ) def test_relationship_model_with_foreign_key_to_wrong_model(self): class WrongModel(models.Model): pass class Person(models.Model): pass class Group(models.Model): members = models.ManyToManyField("Person", through="InvalidRelationship") class InvalidRelationship(models.Model): person = models.ForeignKey(Person, models.CASCADE) wrong_foreign_key = models.ForeignKey(WrongModel, models.CASCADE) # The last foreign key should point to Group model. field = Group._meta.get_field("members") self.assertEqual( field.check(from_model=Group), [ Error( "The model is used as an intermediate model by " "'invalid_models_tests.Group.members', but it does not " "have a foreign key to 'Group' or 'Person'.", obj=InvalidRelationship, id="fields.E336", ), ], ) def test_relationship_model_missing_foreign_key(self): class Person(models.Model): pass class Group(models.Model): members = models.ManyToManyField("Person", through="InvalidRelationship") class InvalidRelationship(models.Model): group = models.ForeignKey(Group, models.CASCADE) # No foreign key to Person field = Group._meta.get_field("members") self.assertEqual( field.check(from_model=Group), [ Error( "The model is used as an intermediate model by " "'invalid_models_tests.Group.members', but it does not have " "a foreign key to 'Group' or 'Person'.", obj=InvalidRelationship, id="fields.E336", ), ], ) def test_missing_relationship_model(self): class Person(models.Model): pass class Group(models.Model): members = models.ManyToManyField("Person", through="MissingM2MModel") field = Group._meta.get_field("members") self.assertEqual( field.check(from_model=Group), [ Error( "Field specifies a many-to-many relation through model " "'MissingM2MModel', which has not been installed.", obj=field, id="fields.E331", ), ], ) def test_missing_relationship_model_on_model_check(self): class Person(models.Model): pass class Group(models.Model): members = models.ManyToManyField("Person", through="MissingM2MModel") self.assertEqual( Group.check(), [ Error( "Field specifies a many-to-many relation through model " "'MissingM2MModel', which has not been installed.", obj=Group._meta.get_field("members"), id="fields.E331", ), ], ) @isolate_apps("invalid_models_tests") def test_many_to_many_through_isolate_apps_model(self): """ #25723 - Through model registration lookup should be run against the field's model registry. """ class GroupMember(models.Model): person = models.ForeignKey("Person", models.CASCADE) group = models.ForeignKey("Group", models.CASCADE) class Person(models.Model): pass class Group(models.Model): members = models.ManyToManyField("Person", through="GroupMember") field = Group._meta.get_field("members") self.assertEqual(field.check(from_model=Group), []) def test_too_many_foreign_keys_in_self_referential_model(self): class Person(models.Model): friends = models.ManyToManyField( "self", through="InvalidRelationship", symmetrical=False ) class InvalidRelationship(models.Model): first = models.ForeignKey( Person, models.CASCADE, related_name="rel_from_set_2" ) second = models.ForeignKey( Person, models.CASCADE, related_name="rel_to_set_2" ) third = models.ForeignKey( Person, models.CASCADE, related_name="too_many_by_far" ) field = Person._meta.get_field("friends") self.assertEqual( field.check(from_model=Person), [ Error( "The model is used as an intermediate model by " "'invalid_models_tests.Person.friends', but it has more than two " "foreign keys to 'Person', which is ambiguous. You must specify " "which two foreign keys Django should use via the through_fields " "keyword argument.", hint=( "Use through_fields to specify which two foreign keys Django " "should use." ), obj=InvalidRelationship, id="fields.E333", ), ], ) def test_foreign_key_to_abstract_model(self): class AbstractModel(models.Model): class Meta: abstract = True class Model(models.Model): rel_string_foreign_key = models.ForeignKey("AbstractModel", models.CASCADE) rel_class_foreign_key = models.ForeignKey(AbstractModel, models.CASCADE) fields = [ Model._meta.get_field("rel_string_foreign_key"), Model._meta.get_field("rel_class_foreign_key"), ] expected_error = Error( "Field defines a relation with model 'AbstractModel', " "which is either not installed, or is abstract.", id="fields.E300", ) for field in fields: expected_error.obj = field self.assertEqual(field.check(), [expected_error]) def test_m2m_to_abstract_model(self): class AbstractModel(models.Model): class Meta: abstract = True class Model(models.Model): rel_string_m2m = models.ManyToManyField("AbstractModel") rel_class_m2m = models.ManyToManyField(AbstractModel) fields = [ Model._meta.get_field("rel_string_m2m"), Model._meta.get_field("rel_class_m2m"), ] expected_error = Error( "Field defines a relation with model 'AbstractModel', " "which is either not installed, or is abstract.", id="fields.E300", ) for field in fields: expected_error.obj = field self.assertEqual(field.check(from_model=Model), [expected_error]) def test_unique_m2m(self): class Person(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=5) class Group(models.Model): members = models.ManyToManyField("Person", unique=True) field = Group._meta.get_field("members") self.assertEqual( field.check(from_model=Group), [ Error( "ManyToManyFields cannot be unique.", obj=field, id="fields.E330", ), ], ) def test_foreign_key_to_non_unique_field(self): class Target(models.Model): bad = models.IntegerField() # No unique=True class Model(models.Model): foreign_key = models.ForeignKey("Target", models.CASCADE, to_field="bad") field = Model._meta.get_field("foreign_key") self.assertEqual( field.check(), [ Error( "'Target.bad' must be unique because it is referenced by a foreign " "key.", hint=( "Add unique=True to this field or add a UniqueConstraint " "(without condition) in the model Meta.constraints." ), obj=field, id="fields.E311", ), ], ) def test_foreign_key_to_non_unique_field_under_explicit_model(self): class Target(models.Model): bad = models.IntegerField() class Model(models.Model): field = models.ForeignKey(Target, models.CASCADE, to_field="bad") field = Model._meta.get_field("field") self.assertEqual( field.check(), [ Error( "'Target.bad' must be unique because it is referenced by a foreign " "key.", hint=( "Add unique=True to this field or add a UniqueConstraint " "(without condition) in the model Meta.constraints." ), obj=field, id="fields.E311", ), ], ) def test_foreign_key_to_partially_unique_field(self): class Target(models.Model): source = models.IntegerField() class Meta: constraints = [ models.UniqueConstraint( fields=["source"], name="tfktpuf_partial_unique", condition=models.Q(pk__gt=2), ), ] class Model(models.Model): field = models.ForeignKey(Target, models.CASCADE, to_field="source") field = Model._meta.get_field("field") self.assertEqual( field.check(), [ Error( "'Target.source' must be unique because it is referenced by a " "foreign key.", hint=( "Add unique=True to this field or add a UniqueConstraint " "(without condition) in the model Meta.constraints." ), obj=field, id="fields.E311", ), ], ) def test_foreign_key_to_unique_field_with_meta_constraint(self): class Target(models.Model): source = models.IntegerField() class Meta: constraints = [ models.UniqueConstraint( fields=["source"], name="tfktufwmc_unique", ), ] class Model(models.Model): field = models.ForeignKey(Target, models.CASCADE, to_field="source") field = Model._meta.get_field("field") self.assertEqual(field.check(), []) def test_foreign_object_to_non_unique_fields(self): class Person(models.Model): # Note that both fields are not unique. country_id = models.IntegerField() city_id = models.IntegerField() class MMembership(models.Model): person_country_id = models.IntegerField() person_city_id = models.IntegerField() person = models.ForeignObject( Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE, from_fields=["person_country_id", "person_city_id"], to_fields=["country_id", "city_id"], ) field = MMembership._meta.get_field("person") self.assertEqual( field.check(), [ Error( "No subset of the fields 'country_id', 'city_id' on model 'Person' " "is unique.", hint=( "Mark a single field as unique=True or add a set of " "fields to a unique constraint (via unique_together or a " "UniqueConstraint (without condition) in the model " "Meta.constraints)." ), obj=field, id="fields.E310", ) ], ) def test_foreign_object_to_partially_unique_field(self): class Person(models.Model): country_id = models.IntegerField() city_id = models.IntegerField() class Meta: constraints = [ models.UniqueConstraint( fields=["country_id", "city_id"], name="tfotpuf_partial_unique", condition=models.Q(pk__gt=2), ), ] class MMembership(models.Model): person_country_id = models.IntegerField() person_city_id = models.IntegerField() person = models.ForeignObject( Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE, from_fields=["person_country_id", "person_city_id"], to_fields=["country_id", "city_id"], ) field = MMembership._meta.get_field("person") self.assertEqual( field.check(), [ Error( "No subset of the fields 'country_id', 'city_id' on model " "'Person' is unique.", hint=( "Mark a single field as unique=True or add a set of " "fields to a unique constraint (via unique_together or a " "UniqueConstraint (without condition) in the model " "Meta.constraints)." ), obj=field, id="fields.E310", ), ], ) def test_foreign_object_to_unique_field_with_meta_constraint(self): class Person(models.Model): country_id = models.IntegerField() city_id = models.IntegerField() class Meta: constraints = [ models.UniqueConstraint( fields=["country_id", "city_id"], name="tfotpuf_unique", ), ] class MMembership(models.Model): person_country_id = models.IntegerField() person_city_id = models.IntegerField() person = models.ForeignObject( Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE, from_fields=["person_country_id", "person_city_id"], to_fields=["country_id", "city_id"], ) field = MMembership._meta.get_field("person") self.assertEqual(field.check(), []) def test_on_delete_set_null_on_non_nullable_field(self): class Person(models.Model): pass class Model(models.Model): foreign_key = models.ForeignKey("Person", models.SET_NULL) field = Model._meta.get_field("foreign_key") self.assertEqual( field.check(), [ Error( "Field specifies on_delete=SET_NULL, but cannot be null.", hint=( "Set null=True argument on the field, or change the on_delete " "rule." ), obj=field, id="fields.E320", ), ], ) def test_on_delete_set_default_without_default_value(self): class Person(models.Model): pass class Model(models.Model): foreign_key = models.ForeignKey("Person", models.SET_DEFAULT) field = Model._meta.get_field("foreign_key") self.assertEqual( field.check(), [ Error( "Field specifies on_delete=SET_DEFAULT, but has no default value.", hint="Set a default value, or change the on_delete rule.", obj=field, id="fields.E321", ), ], ) def test_nullable_primary_key(self): class Model(models.Model): field = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True, null=True) field = Model._meta.get_field("field") with mock.patch.object( connection.features, "interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls", False ): results = field.check() self.assertEqual( results, [ Error( "Primary keys must not have null=True.", hint=( "Set null=False on the field, or remove primary_key=True " "argument." ), obj=field, id="fields.E007", ), ], ) def test_not_swapped_model(self): class SwappableModel(models.Model): # A model that can be, but isn't swapped out. References to this # model should *not* raise any validation error. class Meta: swappable = "TEST_SWAPPABLE_MODEL" class Model(models.Model): explicit_fk = models.ForeignKey( SwappableModel, models.CASCADE, related_name="explicit_fk", ) implicit_fk = models.ForeignKey( "invalid_models_tests.SwappableModel", models.CASCADE, related_name="implicit_fk", ) explicit_m2m = models.ManyToManyField( SwappableModel, related_name="explicit_m2m" ) implicit_m2m = models.ManyToManyField( "invalid_models_tests.SwappableModel", related_name="implicit_m2m", ) explicit_fk = Model._meta.get_field("explicit_fk") self.assertEqual(explicit_fk.check(), []) implicit_fk = Model._meta.get_field("implicit_fk") self.assertEqual(implicit_fk.check(), []) explicit_m2m = Model._meta.get_field("explicit_m2m") self.assertEqual(explicit_m2m.check(from_model=Model), []) implicit_m2m = Model._meta.get_field("implicit_m2m") self.assertEqual(implicit_m2m.check(from_model=Model), []) @override_settings(TEST_SWAPPED_MODEL="invalid_models_tests.Replacement") def test_referencing_to_swapped_model(self): class Replacement(models.Model): pass class SwappedModel(models.Model): class Meta: swappable = "TEST_SWAPPED_MODEL" class Model(models.Model): explicit_fk = models.ForeignKey( SwappedModel, models.CASCADE, related_name="explicit_fk", ) implicit_fk = models.ForeignKey( "invalid_models_tests.SwappedModel", models.CASCADE, related_name="implicit_fk", ) explicit_m2m = models.ManyToManyField( SwappedModel, related_name="explicit_m2m" ) implicit_m2m = models.ManyToManyField( "invalid_models_tests.SwappedModel", related_name="implicit_m2m", ) fields = [ Model._meta.get_field("explicit_fk"), Model._meta.get_field("implicit_fk"), Model._meta.get_field("explicit_m2m"), Model._meta.get_field("implicit_m2m"), ] expected_error = Error( ( "Field defines a relation with the model " "'invalid_models_tests.SwappedModel', which has been swapped out." ), hint="Update the relation to point at 'settings.TEST_SWAPPED_MODEL'.", id="fields.E301", ) for field in fields: expected_error.obj = field self.assertEqual(field.check(from_model=Model), [expected_error]) def test_related_field_has_invalid_related_name(self): digit = 0 illegal_non_alphanumeric = "!" whitespace = "\t" invalid_related_names = [ "%s_begins_with_digit" % digit, "%s_begins_with_illegal_non_alphanumeric" % illegal_non_alphanumeric, "%s_begins_with_whitespace" % whitespace, "contains_%s_illegal_non_alphanumeric" % illegal_non_alphanumeric, "contains_%s_whitespace" % whitespace, "ends_with_with_illegal_non_alphanumeric_%s" % illegal_non_alphanumeric, "ends_with_whitespace_%s" % whitespace, "with", # a Python keyword "related_name\n", "", "，", # non-ASCII ] class Parent(models.Model): pass for invalid_related_name in invalid_related_names: Child = type( "Child%s" % invalid_related_name, (models.Model,), { "parent": models.ForeignKey( "Parent", models.CASCADE, related_name=invalid_related_name ), "__module__": Parent.__module__, }, ) field = Child._meta.get_field("parent") self.assertEqual( Child.check(), [ Error( "The name '%s' is invalid related_name for field Child%s.parent" % (invalid_related_name, invalid_related_name), hint=( "Related name must be a valid Python identifier or end " "with a '+'" ), obj=field, id="fields.E306", ), ], ) def test_related_field_has_valid_related_name(self): lowercase = "a" uppercase = "A" digit = 0 related_names = [ "%s_starts_with_lowercase" % lowercase, "%s_tarts_with_uppercase" % uppercase, "_starts_with_underscore", "contains_%s_digit" % digit, "ends_with_plus+", "_+", "+", "試", "試驗+", ] class Parent(models.Model): pass for related_name in related_names: Child = type( "Child%s" % related_name, (models.Model,), { "parent": models.ForeignKey( "Parent", models.CASCADE, related_name=related_name ), "__module__": Parent.__module__, }, ) self.assertEqual(Child.check(), []) def test_to_fields_exist(self): class Parent(models.Model): pass class Child(models.Model): a = models.PositiveIntegerField() b = models.PositiveIntegerField() parent = models.ForeignObject( Parent, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, from_fields=("a", "b"), to_fields=("a", "b"), ) field = Child._meta.get_field("parent") self.assertEqual( field.check(), [ Error( "The to_field 'a' doesn't exist on the related model " "'invalid_models_tests.Parent'.", obj=field, id="fields.E312", ), Error( "The to_field 'b' doesn't exist on the related model " "'invalid_models_tests.Parent'.", obj=field, id="fields.E312", ), ], ) def test_to_fields_not_checked_if_related_model_doesnt_exist(self): class Child(models.Model): a = models.PositiveIntegerField() b = models.PositiveIntegerField() parent = models.ForeignObject( "invalid_models_tests.Parent", on_delete=models.SET_NULL, from_fields=("a", "b"), to_fields=("a", "b"), ) field = Child._meta.get_field("parent") self.assertEqual( field.check(), [ Error( "Field defines a relation with model " "'invalid_models_tests.Parent', which is either not installed, or " "is abstract.", id="fields.E300", obj=field, ), ], ) def test_invalid_related_query_name(self): class Target(models.Model): pass class Model(models.Model): first = models.ForeignKey( Target, models.CASCADE, related_name="contains__double" ) second = models.ForeignKey( Target, models.CASCADE, related_query_name="ends_underscore_" ) self.assertEqual( Model.check(), [ Error( "Reverse query name 'contains__double' must not contain '__'.", hint=( "Add or change a related_name or related_query_name " "argument for this field." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("first"), id="fields.E309", ), Error( "Reverse query name 'ends_underscore_' must not end with an " "underscore.", hint=( "Add or change a related_name or related_query_name " "argument for this field." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("second"), id="fields.E308", ), ], ) @isolate_apps("invalid_models_tests") class AccessorClashTests(SimpleTestCase): def test_fk_to_integer(self): self._test_accessor_clash( target=models.IntegerField(), relative=models.ForeignKey("Target", models.CASCADE), ) def test_fk_to_fk(self): self._test_accessor_clash( target=models.ForeignKey("Another", models.CASCADE), relative=models.ForeignKey("Target", models.CASCADE), ) def test_fk_to_m2m(self): self._test_accessor_clash( target=models.ManyToManyField("Another"), relative=models.ForeignKey("Target", models.CASCADE), ) def test_m2m_to_integer(self): self._test_accessor_clash( target=models.IntegerField(), relative=models.ManyToManyField("Target") ) def test_m2m_to_fk(self): self._test_accessor_clash( target=models.ForeignKey("Another", models.CASCADE), relative=models.ManyToManyField("Target"), ) def test_m2m_to_m2m(self): self._test_accessor_clash( target=models.ManyToManyField("Another"), relative=models.ManyToManyField("Target"), ) def _test_accessor_clash(self, target, relative): class Another(models.Model): pass class Target(models.Model): model_set = target class Model(models.Model): rel = relative self.assertEqual( Model.check(), [ Error( "Reverse accessor 'Target.model_set' for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.rel' clashes with field name " "'invalid_models_tests.Target.model_set'.", hint=( "Rename field 'invalid_models_tests.Target.model_set', or " "add/change a related_name argument to the definition for " "field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.rel'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("rel"), id="fields.E302", ), ], ) def test_clash_between_accessors(self): class Target(models.Model): pass class Model(models.Model): foreign = models.ForeignKey(Target, models.CASCADE) m2m = models.ManyToManyField(Target) self.assertEqual( Model.check(), [ Error( "Reverse accessor 'Target.model_set' for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign' clashes with reverse " "accessor for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m'.", hint=( "Add or change a related_name argument to the definition " "for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign' or " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("foreign"), id="fields.E304", ), Error( "Reverse accessor 'Target.model_set' for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m' clashes with reverse " "accessor for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign'.", hint=( "Add or change a related_name argument to the definition " "for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m' or " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("m2m"), id="fields.E304", ), ], ) def test_m2m_to_m2m_with_inheritance(self): """Ref #22047.""" class Target(models.Model): pass class Model(models.Model): children = models.ManyToManyField( "Child", related_name="m2m_clash", related_query_name="no_clash" ) class Parent(models.Model): m2m_clash = models.ManyToManyField("Target") class Child(Parent): pass self.assertEqual( Model.check(), [ Error( "Reverse accessor 'Child.m2m_clash' for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.children' clashes with field " "name 'invalid_models_tests.Child.m2m_clash'.", hint=( "Rename field 'invalid_models_tests.Child.m2m_clash', or " "add/change a related_name argument to the definition for " "field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.children'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("children"), id="fields.E302", ) ], ) def test_no_clash_for_hidden_related_name(self): class Stub(models.Model): pass class ManyToManyRel(models.Model): thing1 = models.ManyToManyField(Stub, related_name="+") thing2 = models.ManyToManyField(Stub, related_name="+") class FKRel(models.Model): thing1 = models.ForeignKey(Stub, models.CASCADE, related_name="+") thing2 = models.ForeignKey(Stub, models.CASCADE, related_name="+") self.assertEqual(ManyToManyRel.check(), []) self.assertEqual(FKRel.check(), []) @isolate_apps("invalid_models_tests") class ReverseQueryNameClashTests(SimpleTestCase): def test_fk_to_integer(self): self._test_reverse_query_name_clash( target=models.IntegerField(), relative=models.ForeignKey("Target", models.CASCADE), ) def test_fk_to_fk(self): self._test_reverse_query_name_clash( target=models.ForeignKey("Another", models.CASCADE), relative=models.ForeignKey("Target", models.CASCADE), ) def test_fk_to_m2m(self): self._test_reverse_query_name_clash( target=models.ManyToManyField("Another"), relative=models.ForeignKey("Target", models.CASCADE), ) def test_m2m_to_integer(self): self._test_reverse_query_name_clash( target=models.IntegerField(), relative=models.ManyToManyField("Target") ) def test_m2m_to_fk(self): self._test_reverse_query_name_clash( target=models.ForeignKey("Another", models.CASCADE), relative=models.ManyToManyField("Target"), ) def test_m2m_to_m2m(self): self._test_reverse_query_name_clash( target=models.ManyToManyField("Another"), relative=models.ManyToManyField("Target"), ) def _test_reverse_query_name_clash(self, target, relative): class Another(models.Model): pass class Target(models.Model): model = target class Model(models.Model): rel = relative self.assertEqual( Model.check(), [ Error( "Reverse query name for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.rel' " "clashes with field name 'invalid_models_tests.Target.model'.", hint=( "Rename field 'invalid_models_tests.Target.model', or " "add/change a related_name argument to the definition for " "field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.rel'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("rel"), id="fields.E303", ), ], ) @modify_settings(INSTALLED_APPS={"append": "basic"}) @isolate_apps("basic", "invalid_models_tests") def test_no_clash_across_apps_without_accessor(self): class Target(models.Model): class Meta: app_label = "invalid_models_tests" class Model(models.Model): m2m = models.ManyToManyField(Target, related_name="+") class Meta: app_label = "basic" def _test(): # Define model with the same name. class Model(models.Model): m2m = models.ManyToManyField(Target, related_name="+") class Meta: app_label = "invalid_models_tests" self.assertEqual(Model.check(), []) _test() self.assertEqual(Model.check(), []) @isolate_apps("invalid_models_tests") class ExplicitRelatedNameClashTests(SimpleTestCase): def test_fk_to_integer(self): self._test_explicit_related_name_clash( target=models.IntegerField(), relative=models.ForeignKey("Target", models.CASCADE, related_name="clash"), ) def test_fk_to_fk(self): self._test_explicit_related_name_clash( target=models.ForeignKey("Another", models.CASCADE), relative=models.ForeignKey("Target", models.CASCADE, related_name="clash"), ) def test_fk_to_m2m(self): self._test_explicit_related_name_clash( target=models.ManyToManyField("Another"), relative=models.ForeignKey("Target", models.CASCADE, related_name="clash"), ) def test_m2m_to_integer(self): self._test_explicit_related_name_clash( target=models.IntegerField(), relative=models.ManyToManyField("Target", related_name="clash"), ) def test_m2m_to_fk(self): self._test_explicit_related_name_clash( target=models.ForeignKey("Another", models.CASCADE), relative=models.ManyToManyField("Target", related_name="clash"), ) def test_m2m_to_m2m(self): self._test_explicit_related_name_clash( target=models.ManyToManyField("Another"), relative=models.ManyToManyField("Target", related_name="clash"), ) def _test_explicit_related_name_clash(self, target, relative): class Another(models.Model): pass class Target(models.Model): clash = target class Model(models.Model): rel = relative self.assertEqual( Model.check(), [ Error( "Reverse accessor 'Target.clash' for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.rel' clashes with field name " "'invalid_models_tests.Target.clash'.", hint=( "Rename field 'invalid_models_tests.Target.clash', or " "add/change a related_name argument to the definition for " "field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.rel'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("rel"), id="fields.E302", ), Error( "Reverse query name for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.rel' " "clashes with field name 'invalid_models_tests.Target.clash'.", hint=( "Rename field 'invalid_models_tests.Target.clash', or " "add/change a related_name argument to the definition for " "field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.rel'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("rel"), id="fields.E303", ), ], ) @isolate_apps("invalid_models_tests") class ExplicitRelatedQueryNameClashTests(SimpleTestCase): def test_fk_to_integer(self, related_name=None): self._test_explicit_related_query_name_clash( target=models.IntegerField(), relative=models.ForeignKey( "Target", models.CASCADE, related_name=related_name, related_query_name="clash", ), ) def test_hidden_fk_to_integer(self, related_name=None): self.test_fk_to_integer(related_name="+") def test_fk_to_fk(self, related_name=None): self._test_explicit_related_query_name_clash( target=models.ForeignKey("Another", models.CASCADE), relative=models.ForeignKey( "Target", models.CASCADE, related_name=related_name, related_query_name="clash", ), ) def test_hidden_fk_to_fk(self): self.test_fk_to_fk(related_name="+") def test_fk_to_m2m(self, related_name=None): self._test_explicit_related_query_name_clash( target=models.ManyToManyField("Another"), relative=models.ForeignKey( "Target", models.CASCADE, related_name=related_name, related_query_name="clash", ), ) def test_hidden_fk_to_m2m(self): self.test_fk_to_m2m(related_name="+") def test_m2m_to_integer(self, related_name=None): self._test_explicit_related_query_name_clash( target=models.IntegerField(), relative=models.ManyToManyField( "Target", related_name=related_name, related_query_name="clash" ), ) def test_hidden_m2m_to_integer(self): self.test_m2m_to_integer(related_name="+") def test_m2m_to_fk(self, related_name=None): self._test_explicit_related_query_name_clash( target=models.ForeignKey("Another", models.CASCADE), relative=models.ManyToManyField( "Target", related_name=related_name, related_query_name="clash" ), ) def test_hidden_m2m_to_fk(self): self.test_m2m_to_fk(related_name="+") def test_m2m_to_m2m(self, related_name=None): self._test_explicit_related_query_name_clash( target=models.ManyToManyField("Another"), relative=models.ManyToManyField( "Target", related_name=related_name, related_query_name="clash", ), ) def test_hidden_m2m_to_m2m(self): self.test_m2m_to_m2m(related_name="+") def _test_explicit_related_query_name_clash(self, target, relative): class Another(models.Model): pass class Target(models.Model): clash = target class Model(models.Model): rel = relative self.assertEqual( Model.check(), [ Error( "Reverse query name for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.rel' " "clashes with field name 'invalid_models_tests.Target.clash'.", hint=( "Rename field 'invalid_models_tests.Target.clash', or " "add/change a related_name argument to the definition for " "field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.rel'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("rel"), id="fields.E303", ), ], ) @isolate_apps("invalid_models_tests") class SelfReferentialM2MClashTests(SimpleTestCase): def test_clash_between_accessors(self): class Model(models.Model): first_m2m = models.ManyToManyField("self", symmetrical=False) second_m2m = models.ManyToManyField("self", symmetrical=False) self.assertEqual( Model.check(), [ Error( "Reverse accessor 'Model.model_set' for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.first_m2m' clashes with reverse " "accessor for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.second_m2m'.", hint=( "Add or change a related_name argument to the definition " "for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.first_m2m' or " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.second_m2m'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("first_m2m"), id="fields.E304", ), Error( "Reverse accessor 'Model.model_set' for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.second_m2m' clashes with reverse " "accessor for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.first_m2m'.", hint=( "Add or change a related_name argument to the definition " "for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.second_m2m' or " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.first_m2m'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("second_m2m"), id="fields.E304", ), ], ) def test_accessor_clash(self): class Model(models.Model): model_set = models.ManyToManyField("self", symmetrical=False) self.assertEqual( Model.check(), [ Error( "Reverse accessor 'Model.model_set' for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.model_set' clashes with field " "name 'invalid_models_tests.Model.model_set'.", hint=( "Rename field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.model_set', or " "add/change a related_name argument to the definition for " "field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.model_set'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("model_set"), id="fields.E302", ), ], ) def test_reverse_query_name_clash(self): class Model(models.Model): model = models.ManyToManyField("self", symmetrical=False) self.assertEqual( Model.check(), [ Error( "Reverse query name for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.model' " "clashes with field name 'invalid_models_tests.Model.model'.", hint=( "Rename field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.model', or " "add/change a related_name argument to the definition for " "field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.model'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("model"), id="fields.E303", ), ], ) def test_clash_under_explicit_related_name(self): class Model(models.Model): clash = models.IntegerField() m2m = models.ManyToManyField( "self", symmetrical=False, related_name="clash" ) self.assertEqual( Model.check(), [ Error( "Reverse accessor 'Model.clash' for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m' clashes with field name " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.clash'.", hint=( "Rename field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.clash', or " "add/change a related_name argument to the definition for " "field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("m2m"), id="fields.E302", ), Error( "Reverse query name for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m' " "clashes with field name 'invalid_models_tests.Model.clash'.", hint=( "Rename field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.clash', or " "add/change a related_name argument to the definition for " "field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("m2m"), id="fields.E303", ), ], ) def test_valid_model(self): class Model(models.Model): first = models.ManyToManyField( "self", symmetrical=False, related_name="first_accessor" ) second = models.ManyToManyField( "self", symmetrical=False, related_name="second_accessor" ) self.assertEqual(Model.check(), []) @isolate_apps("invalid_models_tests") class SelfReferentialFKClashTests(SimpleTestCase): def test_accessor_clash(self): class Model(models.Model): model_set = models.ForeignKey("Model", models.CASCADE) self.assertEqual( Model.check(), [ Error( "Reverse accessor 'Model.model_set' for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.model_set' clashes with field " "name 'invalid_models_tests.Model.model_set'.", hint=( "Rename field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.model_set', or " "add/change a related_name argument to the definition for " "field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.model_set'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("model_set"), id="fields.E302", ), ], ) def test_reverse_query_name_clash(self): class Model(models.Model): model = models.ForeignKey("Model", models.CASCADE) self.assertEqual( Model.check(), [ Error( "Reverse query name for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.model' " "clashes with field name 'invalid_models_tests.Model.model'.", hint=( "Rename field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.model', or " "add/change a related_name argument to the definition for " "field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.model'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("model"), id="fields.E303", ), ], ) def test_clash_under_explicit_related_name(self): class Model(models.Model): clash = models.CharField(max_length=10) foreign = models.ForeignKey("Model", models.CASCADE, related_name="clash") self.assertEqual( Model.check(), [ Error( "Reverse accessor 'Model.clash' for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign' clashes with field name " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.clash'.", hint=( "Rename field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.clash', or " "add/change a related_name argument to the definition for " "field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("foreign"), id="fields.E302", ), Error( "Reverse query name for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign' " "clashes with field name 'invalid_models_tests.Model.clash'.", hint=( "Rename field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.clash', or " "add/change a related_name argument to the definition for " "field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("foreign"), id="fields.E303", ), ], ) @isolate_apps("invalid_models_tests") class ComplexClashTests(SimpleTestCase): # New tests should not be included here, because this is a single, # self-contained sanity check, not a test of everything. def test_complex_clash(self): class Target(models.Model): tgt_safe = models.CharField(max_length=10) clash = models.CharField(max_length=10) model = models.CharField(max_length=10) clash1_set = models.CharField(max_length=10) class Model(models.Model): src_safe = models.CharField(max_length=10) foreign_1 = models.ForeignKey(Target, models.CASCADE, related_name="id") foreign_2 = models.ForeignKey( Target, models.CASCADE, related_name="src_safe" ) m2m_1 = models.ManyToManyField(Target, related_name="id") m2m_2 = models.ManyToManyField(Target, related_name="src_safe") self.assertEqual( Model.check(), [ Error( "Reverse accessor 'Target.id' for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_1' clashes with field " "name 'invalid_models_tests.Target.id'.", hint=( "Rename field 'invalid_models_tests.Target.id', or " "add/change a related_name argument to the definition for " "field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_1'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("foreign_1"), id="fields.E302", ), Error( "Reverse query name for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_1' " "clashes with field name 'invalid_models_tests.Target.id'.", hint=( "Rename field 'invalid_models_tests.Target.id', or " "add/change a related_name argument to the definition for " "field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_1'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("foreign_1"), id="fields.E303", ), Error( "Reverse accessor 'Target.id' for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_1' clashes with reverse " "accessor for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_1'.", hint=( "Add or change a related_name argument to the definition " "for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_1' or " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_1'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("foreign_1"), id="fields.E304", ), Error( "Reverse query name for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_1' " "clashes with reverse query name for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_1'.", hint=( "Add or change a related_name argument to the definition " "for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_1' or " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_1'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("foreign_1"), id="fields.E305", ), Error( "Reverse accessor 'Target.src_safe' for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_2' clashes with reverse " "accessor for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_2'.", hint=( "Add or change a related_name argument to the definition " "for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_2' or " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_2'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("foreign_2"), id="fields.E304", ), Error( "Reverse query name for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_2' " "clashes with reverse query name for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_2'.", hint=( "Add or change a related_name argument to the definition " "for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_2' or " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_2'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("foreign_2"), id="fields.E305", ), Error( "Reverse accessor 'Target.id' for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_1' clashes with field name " "'invalid_models_tests.Target.id'.", hint=( "Rename field 'invalid_models_tests.Target.id', or " "add/change a related_name argument to the definition for " "field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_1'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("m2m_1"), id="fields.E302", ), Error( "Reverse query name for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_1' " "clashes with field name 'invalid_models_tests.Target.id'.", hint=( "Rename field 'invalid_models_tests.Target.id', or " "add/change a related_name argument to the definition for " "field 'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_1'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("m2m_1"), id="fields.E303", ), Error( "Reverse accessor 'Target.id' for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_1' clashes with reverse " "accessor for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_1'.", hint=( "Add or change a related_name argument to the definition " "for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_1' or " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_1'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("m2m_1"), id="fields.E304", ), Error( "Reverse query name for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_1' " "clashes with reverse query name for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_1'.", hint=( "Add or change a related_name argument to the definition " "for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_1' or " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_1'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("m2m_1"), id="fields.E305", ), Error( "Reverse accessor 'Target.src_safe' for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_2' clashes with reverse " "accessor for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_2'.", hint=( "Add or change a related_name argument to the definition " "for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_2' or " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_2'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("m2m_2"), id="fields.E304", ), Error( "Reverse query name for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_2' " "clashes with reverse query name for " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_2'.", hint=( "Add or change a related_name argument to the definition " "for 'invalid_models_tests.Model.m2m_2' or " "'invalid_models_tests.Model.foreign_2'." ), obj=Model._meta.get_field("m2m_2"), id="fields.E305", ), ], ) def test_clash_parent_link(self): class Parent(models.Model): pass class Child(Parent): other_parent = models.OneToOneField(Parent, models.CASCADE) errors = [ ( "fields.E304", "accessor", " 'Parent.child'", "parent_ptr", "other_parent", ), ("fields.E305", "query name", "", "parent_ptr", "other_parent"), ( "fields.E304", "accessor", " 'Parent.child'", "other_parent", "parent_ptr", ), ("fields.E305", "query name", "", "other_parent", "parent_ptr"), ] self.assertEqual( Child.check(), [ Error( "Reverse %s%s for 'invalid_models_tests.Child.%s' clashes with " "reverse %s for 'invalid_models_tests.Child.%s'." % (attr, rel_name, field_name, attr, clash_name), hint=( "Add or change a related_name argument to the definition " "for 'invalid_models_tests.Child.%s' or " "'invalid_models_tests.Child.%s'." % (field_name, clash_name) ), obj=Child._meta.get_field(field_name), id=error_id, ) for error_id, attr, rel_name, field_name, clash_name in errors ], ) @isolate_apps("invalid_models_tests") class M2mThroughFieldsTests(SimpleTestCase): def test_m2m_field_argument_validation(self): """ ManyToManyField accepts the ``through_fields`` kwarg only if an intermediary table is specified. """ class Fan(models.Model): pass with self.assertRaisesMessage( ValueError, "Cannot specify through_fields without a through model" ): models.ManyToManyField(Fan, through_fields=("f1", "f2")) def test_invalid_order(self): """ Mixing up the order of link fields to ManyToManyField.through_fields triggers validation errors. """ class Fan(models.Model): pass class Event(models.Model): invitees = models.ManyToManyField( Fan, through="Invitation", through_fields=("invitee", "event") ) class Invitation(models.Model): event = models.ForeignKey(Event, models.CASCADE) invitee = models.ForeignKey(Fan, models.CASCADE) inviter = models.ForeignKey(Fan, models.CASCADE, related_name="+") field = Event._meta.get_field("invitees") self.assertEqual( field.check(from_model=Event), [ Error( "'Invitation.invitee' is not a foreign key to 'Event'.", hint=( "Did you mean one of the following foreign keys to 'Event': " "event?" ), obj=field, id="fields.E339", ), Error( "'Invitation.event' is not a foreign key to 'Fan'.", hint=( "Did you mean one of the following foreign keys to 'Fan': " "invitee, inviter?" ), obj=field, id="fields.E339", ), ], ) def test_invalid_field(self): """ Providing invalid field names to ManyToManyField.through_fields triggers validation errors. """ class Fan(models.Model): pass class Event(models.Model): invitees = models.ManyToManyField( Fan, through="Invitation", through_fields=("invalid_field_1", "invalid_field_2"), ) class Invitation(models.Model): event = models.ForeignKey(Event, models.CASCADE) invitee = models.ForeignKey(Fan, models.CASCADE) inviter = models.ForeignKey(Fan, models.CASCADE, related_name="+") field = Event._meta.get_field("invitees") self.assertEqual( field.check(from_model=Event), [ Error( "The intermediary model 'invalid_models_tests.Invitation' has no " "field 'invalid_field_1'.", hint=( "Did you mean one of the following foreign keys to 'Event': " "event?" ), obj=field, id="fields.E338", ), Error( "The intermediary model 'invalid_models_tests.Invitation' has no " "field 'invalid_field_2'.", hint=( "Did you mean one of the following foreign keys to 'Fan': " "invitee, inviter?" ), obj=field, id="fields.E338", ), ], ) def test_explicit_field_names(self): """ If ``through_fields`` kwarg is given, it must specify both link fields of the intermediary table. """ class Fan(models.Model): pass class Event(models.Model): invitees = models.ManyToManyField( Fan, through="Invitation", through_fields=(None, "invitee") ) class Invitation(models.Model): event = models.ForeignKey(Event, models.CASCADE) invitee = models.ForeignKey(Fan, models.CASCADE) inviter = models.ForeignKey(Fan, models.CASCADE, related_name="+") field = Event._meta.get_field("invitees") self.assertEqual( field.check(from_model=Event), [ Error( "Field specifies 'through_fields' but does not provide the names " "of the two link fields that should be used for the relation " "through model 'invalid_models_tests.Invitation'.", hint=( "Make sure you specify 'through_fields' as " "through_fields=('field1', 'field2')" ), obj=field, id="fields.E337", ), ], ) def test_superset_foreign_object(self): class Parent(models.Model): a = models.PositiveIntegerField() b = models.PositiveIntegerField() c = models.PositiveIntegerField() class Meta: unique_together = (("a", "b", "c"),) class Child(models.Model): a = models.PositiveIntegerField() b = models.PositiveIntegerField() value = models.CharField(max_length=255) parent = models.ForeignObject( Parent, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, from_fields=("a", "b"), to_fields=("a", "b"), related_name="children", ) field = Child._meta.get_field("parent") self.assertEqual( field.check(from_model=Child), [ Error( "No subset of the fields 'a', 'b' on model 'Parent' is unique.", hint=( "Mark a single field as unique=True or add a set of " "fields to a unique constraint (via unique_together or a " "UniqueConstraint (without condition) in the model " "Meta.constraints)." ), obj=field, id="fields.E310", ), ], ) def test_intersection_foreign_object(self): class Parent(models.Model): a = models.PositiveIntegerField() b = models.PositiveIntegerField() c = models.PositiveIntegerField() d = models.PositiveIntegerField() class Meta: unique_together = (("a", "b", "c"),) class Child(models.Model): a = models.PositiveIntegerField() b = models.PositiveIntegerField() d = models.PositiveIntegerField() value = models.CharField(max_length=255) parent = models.ForeignObject( Parent, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, from_fields=("a", "b", "d"), to_fields=("a", "b", "d"), related_name="children", ) field = Child._meta.get_field("parent") self.assertEqual( field.check(from_model=Child), [ Error( "No subset of the fields 'a', 'b', 'd' on model 'Parent' is " "unique.", hint=( "Mark a single field as unique=True or add a set of " "fields to a unique constraint (via unique_together or a " "UniqueConstraint (without condition) in the model " "Meta.constraints)." ), obj=field, id="fields.E310", ), ], )