test_ok2/_pytest/pytester.py

""" (disabled by default) support for testing pytest and pytest plugins. """
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function

import codecs
import gc
import os
import platform
import re
import subprocess
import sys
import time
import traceback
from fnmatch import fnmatch

from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary

from _pytest.capture import MultiCapture, SysCapture
from _pytest._code import Source
import py
import pytest
from _pytest.main import Session, EXIT_OK
from _pytest.assertion.rewrite import AssertionRewritingHook


def pytest_addoption(parser):
    # group = parser.getgroup("pytester", "pytester (self-tests) options")
    parser.addoption('--lsof',
                     action="store_true", dest="lsof", default=False,
                     help=("run FD checks if lsof is available"))

    parser.addoption('--runpytest', default="inprocess", dest="runpytest",
                     choices=("inprocess", "subprocess", ),
                     help=("run pytest sub runs in tests using an 'inprocess' "
                           "or 'subprocess' (python -m main) method"))


def pytest_configure(config):
    # This might be called multiple times. Only take the first.
    global _pytest_fullpath
    try:
        _pytest_fullpath
    except NameError:
        _pytest_fullpath = os.path.abspath(pytest.__file__.rstrip("oc"))
        _pytest_fullpath = _pytest_fullpath.replace("$py.class", ".py")

    if config.getvalue("lsof"):
        checker = LsofFdLeakChecker()
        if checker.matching_platform():
            config.pluginmanager.register(checker)


class LsofFdLeakChecker(object):
    def get_open_files(self):
        out = self._exec_lsof()
        open_files = self._parse_lsof_output(out)
        return open_files

    def _exec_lsof(self):
        pid = os.getpid()
        return py.process.cmdexec("lsof -Ffn0 -p %d" % pid)

    def _parse_lsof_output(self, out):
        def isopen(line):
            return line.startswith('f') and ("deleted" not in line and
                                             'mem' not in line and "txt" not in line and 'cwd' not in line)

        open_files = []

        for line in out.split("\n"):
            if isopen(line):
                fields = line.split('\0')
                fd = fields[0][1:]
                filename = fields[1][1:]
                if filename.startswith('/'):
                    open_files.append((fd, filename))

        return open_files

    def matching_platform(self):
        try:
            py.process.cmdexec("lsof -v")
        except (py.process.cmdexec.Error, UnicodeDecodeError):
            # cmdexec may raise UnicodeDecodeError on Windows systems
            # with locale other than english:
            # https://bitbucket.org/pytest-dev/py/issues/66
            return False
        else:
            return True

    @pytest.hookimpl(hookwrapper=True, tryfirst=True)
    def pytest_runtest_protocol(self, item):
        lines1 = self.get_open_files()
        yield
        if hasattr(sys, "pypy_version_info"):
            gc.collect()
        lines2 = self.get_open_files()

        new_fds = set([t[0] for t in lines2]) - set([t[0] for t in lines1])
        leaked_files = [t for t in lines2 if t[0] in new_fds]
        if leaked_files:
            error = []
            error.append("***** %s FD leakage detected" % len(leaked_files))
            error.extend([str(f) for f in leaked_files])
            error.append("*** Before:")
            error.extend([str(f) for f in lines1])
            error.append("*** After:")
            error.extend([str(f) for f in lines2])
            error.append(error[0])
            error.append("*** function %s:%s: %s " % item.location)
            error.append("See issue #2366")
            item.warn('', "\n".join(error))


# XXX copied from execnet's conftest.py - needs to be merged
winpymap = {
    'python2.7': r'C:\Python27\python.exe',
    'python2.6': r'C:\Python26\python.exe',
    'python3.1': r'C:\Python31\python.exe',
    'python3.2': r'C:\Python32\python.exe',
    'python3.3': r'C:\Python33\python.exe',
    'python3.4': r'C:\Python34\python.exe',
    'python3.5': r'C:\Python35\python.exe',
}


def getexecutable(name, cache={}):
    try:
        return cache[name]
    except KeyError:
        executable = py.path.local.sysfind(name)
        if executable:
            import subprocess
            popen = subprocess.Popen([str(executable), "--version"],
                                     universal_newlines=True, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
            out, err = popen.communicate()
            if name == "jython":
                if not err or "2.5" not in err:
                    executable = None
                if "2.5.2" in err:
                    executable = None  # http://bugs.jython.org/issue1790
            elif popen.returncode != 0:
                # Handle pyenv's 127.
                executable = None
        cache[name] = executable
        return executable


@pytest.fixture(params=['python2.6', 'python2.7', 'python3.3', "python3.4",
                        'pypy', 'pypy3'])
def anypython(request):
    name = request.param
    executable = getexecutable(name)
    if executable is None:
        if sys.platform == "win32":
            executable = winpymap.get(name, None)
            if executable:
                executable = py.path.local(executable)
                if executable.check():
                    return executable
        pytest.skip("no suitable %s found" % (name,))
    return executable

# used at least by pytest-xdist plugin


@pytest.fixture
def _pytest(request):
    """ Return a helper which offers a gethookrecorder(hook)
    method which returns a HookRecorder instance which helps
    to make assertions about called hooks.
    """
    return PytestArg(request)


class PytestArg:
    def __init__(self, request):
        self.request = request

    def gethookrecorder(self, hook):
        hookrecorder = HookRecorder(hook._pm)
        self.request.addfinalizer(hookrecorder.finish_recording)
        return hookrecorder


def get_public_names(l):
    """Only return names from iterator l without a leading underscore."""
    return [x for x in l if x[0] != "_"]


class ParsedCall:
    def __init__(self, name, kwargs):
        self.__dict__.update(kwargs)
        self._name = name

    def __repr__(self):
        d = self.__dict__.copy()
        del d['_name']
        return "<ParsedCall %r(**%r)>" % (self._name, d)


class HookRecorder:
    """Record all hooks called in a plugin manager.

    This wraps all the hook calls in the plugin manager, recording
    each call before propagating the normal calls.

    """

    def __init__(self, pluginmanager):
        self._pluginmanager = pluginmanager
        self.calls = []

        def before(hook_name, hook_impls, kwargs):
            self.calls.append(ParsedCall(hook_name, kwargs))

        def after(outcome, hook_name, hook_impls, kwargs):
            pass

        self._undo_wrapping = pluginmanager.add_hookcall_monitoring(before, after)

    def finish_recording(self):
        self._undo_wrapping()

    def getcalls(self, names):
        if isinstance(names, str):
            names = names.split()
        return [call for call in self.calls if call._name in names]

    def assert_contains(self, entries):
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        i = 0
        entries = list(entries)
        backlocals = sys._getframe(1).f_locals
        while entries:
            name, check = entries.pop(0)
            for ind, call in enumerate(self.calls[i:]):
                if call._name == name:
                    print("NAMEMATCH", name, call)
                    if eval(check, backlocals, call.__dict__):
                        print("CHECKERMATCH", repr(check), "->", call)
                    else:
                        print("NOCHECKERMATCH", repr(check), "-", call)
                        continue
                    i += ind + 1
                    break
                print("NONAMEMATCH", name, "with", call)
            else:
                pytest.fail("could not find %r check %r" % (name, check))

    def popcall(self, name):
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        for i, call in enumerate(self.calls):
            if call._name == name:
                del self.calls[i]
                return call
        lines = ["could not find call %r, in:" % (name,)]
        lines.extend(["  %s" % str(x) for x in self.calls])
        pytest.fail("\n".join(lines))

    def getcall(self, name):
        l = self.getcalls(name)
        assert len(l) == 1, (name, l)
        return l[0]

    # functionality for test reports

    def getreports(self,
                   names="pytest_runtest_logreport pytest_collectreport"):
        return [x.report for x in self.getcalls(names)]

    def matchreport(self, inamepart="",
                    names="pytest_runtest_logreport pytest_collectreport", when=None):
        """ return a testreport whose dotted import path matches """
        l = []
        for rep in self.getreports(names=names):
            try:
                if not when and rep.when != "call" and rep.passed:
                    # setup/teardown passing reports - let's ignore those
                    continue
            except AttributeError:
                pass
            if when and getattr(rep, 'when', None) != when:
                continue
            if not inamepart or inamepart in rep.nodeid.split("::"):
                l.append(rep)
        if not l:
            raise ValueError("could not find test report matching %r: "
                             "no test reports at all!" % (inamepart,))
        if len(l) > 1:
            raise ValueError(
                "found 2 or more testreports matching %r: %s" % (inamepart, l))
        return l[0]

    def getfailures(self,
                    names='pytest_runtest_logreport pytest_collectreport'):
        return [rep for rep in self.getreports(names) if rep.failed]

    def getfailedcollections(self):
        return self.getfailures('pytest_collectreport')

    def listoutcomes(self):
        passed = []
        skipped = []
        failed = []
        for rep in self.getreports(
                "pytest_collectreport pytest_runtest_logreport"):
            if rep.passed:
                if getattr(rep, "when", None) == "call":
                    passed.append(rep)
            elif rep.skipped:
                skipped.append(rep)
            elif rep.failed:
                failed.append(rep)
        return passed, skipped, failed

    def countoutcomes(self):
        return [len(x) for x in self.listoutcomes()]

    def assertoutcome(self, passed=0, skipped=0, failed=0):
        realpassed, realskipped, realfailed = self.listoutcomes()
        assert passed == len(realpassed)
        assert skipped == len(realskipped)
        assert failed == len(realfailed)

    def clear(self):
        self.calls[:] = []


@pytest.fixture
def linecomp(request):
    return LineComp()


@pytest.fixture(name='LineMatcher')
def LineMatcher_fixture(request):
    return LineMatcher


@pytest.fixture
def testdir(request, tmpdir_factory):
    return Testdir(request, tmpdir_factory)


rex_outcome = re.compile(r"(\d+) ([\w-]+)")


class RunResult:
    """The result of running a command.

    Attributes:

    :ret: The return value.
    :outlines: List of lines captured from stdout.
    :errlines: List of lines captures from stderr.
    :stdout: :py:class:`LineMatcher` of stdout, use ``stdout.str()`` to
       reconstruct stdout or the commonly used
       ``stdout.fnmatch_lines()`` method.
    :stderrr: :py:class:`LineMatcher` of stderr.
    :duration: Duration in seconds.

    """

    def __init__(self, ret, outlines, errlines, duration):
        self.ret = ret
        self.outlines = outlines
        self.errlines = errlines
        self.stdout = LineMatcher(outlines)
        self.stderr = LineMatcher(errlines)
        self.duration = duration

    def parseoutcomes(self):
        """ Return a dictionary of outcomestring->num from parsing
        the terminal output that the test process produced."""
        for line in reversed(self.outlines):
            if 'seconds' in line:
                outcomes = rex_outcome.findall(line)
                if outcomes:
                    d = {}
                    for num, cat in outcomes:
                        d[cat] = int(num)
                    return d
        raise ValueError("Pytest terminal report not found")

    def assert_outcomes(self, passed=0, skipped=0, failed=0, error=0):
        """ assert that the specified outcomes appear with the respective
        numbers (0 means it didn't occur) in the text output from a test run."""
        d = self.parseoutcomes()
        obtained = {
            'passed': d.get('passed', 0),
            'skipped': d.get('skipped', 0),
            'failed': d.get('failed', 0),
            'error': d.get('error', 0),
        }
        assert obtained == dict(passed=passed, skipped=skipped, failed=failed, error=error)


class Testdir:
    """Temporary test directory with tools to test/run pytest itself.

    This is based on the ``tmpdir`` fixture but provides a number of
    methods which aid with testing pytest itself.  Unless
    :py:meth:`chdir` is used all methods will use :py:attr:`tmpdir` as
    current working directory.

    Attributes:

    :tmpdir: The :py:class:`py.path.local` instance of the temporary
       directory.

    :plugins: A list of plugins to use with :py:meth:`parseconfig` and
       :py:meth:`runpytest`.  Initially this is an empty list but
       plugins can be added to the list.  The type of items to add to
       the list depend on the method which uses them so refer to them
       for details.

    """

    def __init__(self, request, tmpdir_factory):
        self.request = request
        self._mod_collections = WeakKeyDictionary()
        # XXX remove duplication with tmpdir plugin
        basetmp = tmpdir_factory.ensuretemp("testdir")
        name = request.function.__name__
        for i in range(100):
            try:
                tmpdir = basetmp.mkdir(name + str(i))
            except py.error.EEXIST:
                continue
            break
        self.tmpdir = tmpdir
        self.plugins = []
        self._savesyspath = (list(sys.path), list(sys.meta_path))
        self._savemodulekeys = set(sys.modules)
        self.chdir()  # always chdir
        self.request.addfinalizer(self.finalize)
        method = self.request.config.getoption("--runpytest")
        if method == "inprocess":
            self._runpytest_method = self.runpytest_inprocess
        elif method == "subprocess":
            self._runpytest_method = self.runpytest_subprocess

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<Testdir %r>" % (self.tmpdir,)

    def finalize(self):
        """Clean up global state artifacts.

        Some methods modify the global interpreter state and this
        tries to clean this up.  It does not remove the temporary
        directory however so it can be looked at after the test run
        has finished.

        """
        sys.path[:], sys.meta_path[:] = self._savesyspath
        if hasattr(self, '_olddir'):
            self._olddir.chdir()
        self.delete_loaded_modules()

    def delete_loaded_modules(self):
        """Delete modules that have been loaded during a test.

        This allows the interpreter to catch module changes in case
        the module is re-imported.
        """
        for name in set(sys.modules).difference(self._savemodulekeys):
            # some zope modules used by twisted-related tests keeps internal
            # state and can't be deleted; we had some trouble in the past
            # with zope.interface for example
            if not name.startswith("zope"):
                del sys.modules[name]

    def make_hook_recorder(self, pluginmanager):
        """Create a new :py:class:`HookRecorder` for a PluginManager."""
        assert not hasattr(pluginmanager, "reprec")
        pluginmanager.reprec = reprec = HookRecorder(pluginmanager)
        self.request.addfinalizer(reprec.finish_recording)
        return reprec

    def chdir(self):
        """Cd into the temporary directory.

        This is done automatically upon instantiation.

        """
        old = self.tmpdir.chdir()
        if not hasattr(self, '_olddir'):
            self._olddir = old

    def _makefile(self, ext, args, kwargs, encoding="utf-8"):
        items = list(kwargs.items())
        if args:
            source = py.builtin._totext("\n").join(
                map(py.builtin._totext, args)) + py.builtin._totext("\n")
            basename = self.request.function.__name__
            items.insert(0, (basename, source))
        ret = None
        for name, value in items:
            p = self.tmpdir.join(name).new(ext=ext)
            p.dirpath().ensure_dir()
            source = Source(value)

            def my_totext(s, encoding="utf-8"):
                if py.builtin._isbytes(s):
                    s = py.builtin._totext(s, encoding=encoding)
                return s

            source_unicode = "\n".join([my_totext(line) for line in source.lines])
            source = py.builtin._totext(source_unicode)
            content = source.strip().encode(encoding)  # + "\n"
            # content = content.rstrip() + "\n"
            p.write(content, "wb")
            if ret is None:
                ret = p
        return ret

    def makefile(self, ext, *args, **kwargs):
        """Create a new file in the testdir.

        ext: The extension the file should use, including the dot.
           E.g. ".py".

        args: All args will be treated as strings and joined using
           newlines.  The result will be written as contents to the
           file.  The name of the file will be based on the test
           function requesting this fixture.
           E.g. "testdir.makefile('.txt', 'line1', 'line2')"

        kwargs: Each keyword is the name of a file, while the value of
           it will be written as contents of the file.
           E.g. "testdir.makefile('.ini', pytest='[pytest]\naddopts=-rs\n')"

        """
        return self._makefile(ext, args, kwargs)

    def makeconftest(self, source):
        """Write a contest.py file with 'source' as contents."""
        return self.makepyfile(conftest=source)

    def makeini(self, source):
        """Write a tox.ini file with 'source' as contents."""
        return self.makefile('.ini', tox=source)

    def getinicfg(self, source):
        """Return the pytest section from the tox.ini config file."""
        p = self.makeini(source)
        return py.iniconfig.IniConfig(p)['pytest']

    def makepyfile(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """Shortcut for .makefile() with a .py extension."""
        return self._makefile('.py', args, kwargs)

    def maketxtfile(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """Shortcut for .makefile() with a .txt extension."""
        return self._makefile('.txt', args, kwargs)

    def syspathinsert(self, path=None):
        """Prepend a directory to sys.path, defaults to :py:attr:`tmpdir`.

        This is undone automatically after the test.
        """
        if path is None:
            path = self.tmpdir
        sys.path.insert(0, str(path))
        # a call to syspathinsert() usually means that the caller
        # wants to import some dynamically created files.
        # with python3 we thus invalidate import caches.
        self._possibly_invalidate_import_caches()

    def _possibly_invalidate_import_caches(self):
        # invalidate caches if we can (py33 and above)
        try:
            import importlib
        except ImportError:
            pass
        else:
            if hasattr(importlib, "invalidate_caches"):
                importlib.invalidate_caches()

    def mkdir(self, name):
        """Create a new (sub)directory."""
        return self.tmpdir.mkdir(name)

    def mkpydir(self, name):
        """Create a new python package.

        This creates a (sub)directory with an empty ``__init__.py``
        file so that is recognised as a python package.

        """
        p = self.mkdir(name)
        p.ensure("__init__.py")
        return p

    Session = Session

    def getnode(self, config, arg):
        """Return the collection node of a file.

        :param config: :py:class:`_pytest.config.Config` instance, see
           :py:meth:`parseconfig` and :py:meth:`parseconfigure` to
           create the configuration.

        :param arg: A :py:class:`py.path.local` instance of the file.

        """
        session = Session(config)
        assert '::' not in str(arg)
        p = py.path.local(arg)
        config.hook.pytest_sessionstart(session=session)
        res = session.perform_collect([str(p)], genitems=False)[0]
        config.hook.pytest_sessionfinish(session=session, exitstatus=EXIT_OK)
        return res

    def getpathnode(self, path):
        """Return the collection node of a file.

        This is like :py:meth:`getnode` but uses
        :py:meth:`parseconfigure` to create the (configured) pytest
        Config instance.

        :param path: A :py:class:`py.path.local` instance of the file.

        """
        config = self.parseconfigure(path)
        session = Session(config)
        x = session.fspath.bestrelpath(path)
        config.hook.pytest_sessionstart(session=session)
        res = session.perform_collect([x], genitems=False)[0]
        config.hook.pytest_sessionfinish(session=session, exitstatus=EXIT_OK)
        return res

    def genitems(self, colitems):
        """Generate all test items from a collection node.

        This recurses into the collection node and returns a list of
        all the test items contained within.

        """
        session = colitems[0].session
        result = []
        for colitem in colitems:
            result.extend(session.genitems(colitem))
        return result

    def runitem(self, source):
        """Run the "test_func" Item.

        The calling test instance (the class which contains the test
        method) must provide a ``.getrunner()`` method which should
        return a runner which can run the test protocol for a single
        item, like e.g. :py:func:`_pytest.runner.runtestprotocol`.

        """
        # used from runner functional tests
        item = self.getitem(source)
        # the test class where we are called from wants to provide the runner
        testclassinstance = self.request.instance
        runner = testclassinstance.getrunner()
        return runner(item)

    def inline_runsource(self, source, *cmdlineargs):
        """Run a test module in process using ``pytest.main()``.

        This run writes "source" into a temporary file and runs
        ``pytest.main()`` on it, returning a :py:class:`HookRecorder`
        instance for the result.

        :param source: The source code of the test module.

        :param cmdlineargs: Any extra command line arguments to use.

        :return: :py:class:`HookRecorder` instance of the result.

        """
        p = self.makepyfile(source)
        l = list(cmdlineargs) + [p]
        return self.inline_run(*l)

    def inline_genitems(self, *args):
        """Run ``pytest.main(['--collectonly'])`` in-process.

        Returns a tuple of the collected items and a
        :py:class:`HookRecorder` instance.

        This runs the :py:func:`pytest.main` function to run all of
        pytest inside the test process itself like
        :py:meth:`inline_run`.  However the return value is a tuple of
        the collection items and a :py:class:`HookRecorder` instance.

        """
        rec = self.inline_run("--collect-only", *args)
        items = [x.item for x in rec.getcalls("pytest_itemcollected")]
        return items, rec

    def inline_run(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """Run ``pytest.main()`` in-process, returning a HookRecorder.

        This runs the :py:func:`pytest.main` function to run all of
        pytest inside the test process itself.  This means it can
        return a :py:class:`HookRecorder` instance which gives more
        detailed results from then run then can be done by matching
        stdout/stderr from :py:meth:`runpytest`.

        :param args: Any command line arguments to pass to
           :py:func:`pytest.main`.

        :param plugin: (keyword-only) Extra plugin instances the
           ``pytest.main()`` instance should use.

        :return: A :py:class:`HookRecorder` instance.
        """
        # When running py.test inline any plugins active in the main
        # test process are already imported.  So this disables the
        # warning which will trigger to say they can no longer be
        # re-written, which is fine as they are already re-written.
        orig_warn = AssertionRewritingHook._warn_already_imported

        def revert():
            AssertionRewritingHook._warn_already_imported = orig_warn

        self.request.addfinalizer(revert)
        AssertionRewritingHook._warn_already_imported = lambda *a: None

        rec = []

        class Collect:
            def pytest_configure(x, config):
                rec.append(self.make_hook_recorder(config.pluginmanager))

        plugins = kwargs.get("plugins") or []
        plugins.append(Collect())
        ret = pytest.main(list(args), plugins=plugins)
        self.delete_loaded_modules()
        if len(rec) == 1:
            reprec = rec.pop()
        else:
            class reprec:
                pass
        reprec.ret = ret

        # typically we reraise keyboard interrupts from the child run
        # because it's our user requesting interruption of the testing
        if ret == 2 and not kwargs.get("no_reraise_ctrlc"):
            calls = reprec.getcalls("pytest_keyboard_interrupt")
            if calls and calls[-1].excinfo.type == KeyboardInterrupt:
                raise KeyboardInterrupt()
        return reprec

    def runpytest_inprocess(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """ Return result of running pytest in-process, providing a similar
        interface to what self.runpytest() provides. """
        if kwargs.get("syspathinsert"):
            self.syspathinsert()
        now = time.time()
        capture = MultiCapture(Capture=SysCapture)
        capture.start_capturing()
        try:
            try:
                reprec = self.inline_run(*args, **kwargs)
            except SystemExit as e:

                class reprec:
                    ret = e.args[0]

            except Exception:
                traceback.print_exc()

                class reprec:
                    ret = 3
        finally:
            out, err = capture.readouterr()
            capture.stop_capturing()
            sys.stdout.write(out)
            sys.stderr.write(err)

        res = RunResult(reprec.ret,
                        out.split("\n"), err.split("\n"),
                        time.time() - now)
        res.reprec = reprec
        return res

    def runpytest(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """ Run pytest inline or in a subprocess, depending on the command line
        option "--runpytest" and return a :py:class:`RunResult`.

        """
        args = self._ensure_basetemp(args)
        return self._runpytest_method(*args, **kwargs)

    def _ensure_basetemp(self, args):
        args = [str(x) for x in args]
        for x in args:
            if str(x).startswith('--basetemp'):
                # print("basedtemp exists: %s" %(args,))
                break
        else:
            args.append("--basetemp=%s" % self.tmpdir.dirpath('basetemp'))
            # print("added basetemp: %s" %(args,))
        return args

    def parseconfig(self, *args):
        """Return a new pytest Config instance from given commandline args.

        This invokes the pytest bootstrapping code in _pytest.config
        to create a new :py:class:`_pytest.core.PluginManager` and
        call the pytest_cmdline_parse hook to create new
        :py:class:`_pytest.config.Config` instance.

        If :py:attr:`plugins` has been populated they should be plugin
        modules which will be registered with the PluginManager.

        """
        args = self._ensure_basetemp(args)

        import _pytest.config
        config = _pytest.config._prepareconfig(args, self.plugins)
        # we don't know what the test will do with this half-setup config
        # object and thus we make sure it gets unconfigured properly in any
        # case (otherwise capturing could still be active, for example)
        self.request.addfinalizer(config._ensure_unconfigure)
        return config

    def parseconfigure(self, *args):
        """Return a new pytest configured Config instance.

        This returns a new :py:class:`_pytest.config.Config` instance
        like :py:meth:`parseconfig`, but also calls the
        pytest_configure hook.

        """
        config = self.parseconfig(*args)
        config._do_configure()
        self.request.addfinalizer(config._ensure_unconfigure)
        return config

    def getitem(self, source, funcname="test_func"):
        """Return the test item for a test function.

        This writes the source to a python file and runs pytest's
        collection on the resulting module, returning the test item
        for the requested function name.

        :param source: The module source.

        :param funcname: The name of the test function for which the
           Item must be returned.

        """
        items = self.getitems(source)
        for item in items:
            if item.name == funcname:
                return item
        assert 0, "%r item not found in module:\n%s\nitems: %s" % (
                  funcname, source, items)

    def getitems(self, source):
        """Return all test items collected from the module.

        This writes the source to a python file and runs pytest's
        collection on the resulting module, returning all test items
        contained within.

        """
        modcol = self.getmodulecol(source)
        return self.genitems([modcol])

    def getmodulecol(self, source, configargs=(), withinit=False):
        """Return the module collection node for ``source``.

        This writes ``source`` to a file using :py:meth:`makepyfile`
        and then runs the pytest collection on it, returning the
        collection node for the test module.

        :param source: The source code of the module to collect.

        :param configargs: Any extra arguments to pass to
           :py:meth:`parseconfigure`.

        :param withinit: Whether to also write a ``__init__.py`` file
           to the temporary directory to ensure it is a package.

        """
        kw = {self.request.function.__name__: Source(source).strip()}
        path = self.makepyfile(**kw)
        if withinit:
            self.makepyfile(__init__="#")
        self.config = config = self.parseconfigure(path, *configargs)
        node = self.getnode(config, path)

        return node

    def collect_by_name(self, modcol, name):
        """Return the collection node for name from the module collection.

        This will search a module collection node for a collection
        node matching the given name.

        :param modcol: A module collection node, see
           :py:meth:`getmodulecol`.

        :param name: The name of the node to return.

        """
        if modcol not in self._mod_collections:
            self._mod_collections[modcol] = list(modcol.collect())
        for colitem in self._mod_collections[modcol]:
            if colitem.name == name:
                return colitem

    def popen(self, cmdargs, stdout, stderr, **kw):
        """Invoke subprocess.Popen.

        This calls subprocess.Popen making sure the current working
        directory is the PYTHONPATH.

        You probably want to use :py:meth:`run` instead.

        """
        env = os.environ.copy()
        env['PYTHONPATH'] = os.pathsep.join(filter(None, [
            str(os.getcwd()), env.get('PYTHONPATH', '')]))
        kw['env'] = env

        popen = subprocess.Popen(cmdargs, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr, **kw)
        popen.stdin.close()

        return popen

    def run(self, *cmdargs):
        """Run a command with arguments.

        Run a process using subprocess.Popen saving the stdout and
        stderr.

        Returns a :py:class:`RunResult`.

        """
        return self._run(*cmdargs)

    def _run(self, *cmdargs):
        cmdargs = [str(x) for x in cmdargs]
        p1 = self.tmpdir.join("stdout")
        p2 = self.tmpdir.join("stderr")
        print("running:", ' '.join(cmdargs))
        print("     in:", str(py.path.local()))
        f1 = codecs.open(str(p1), "w", encoding="utf8")
        f2 = codecs.open(str(p2), "w", encoding="utf8")
        try:
            now = time.time()
            popen = self.popen(cmdargs, stdout=f1, stderr=f2,
                               close_fds=(sys.platform != "win32"))
            ret = popen.wait()
        finally:
            f1.close()
            f2.close()
        f1 = codecs.open(str(p1), "r", encoding="utf8")
        f2 = codecs.open(str(p2), "r", encoding="utf8")
        try:
            out = f1.read().splitlines()
            err = f2.read().splitlines()
        finally:
            f1.close()
            f2.close()
        self._dump_lines(out, sys.stdout)
        self._dump_lines(err, sys.stderr)
        return RunResult(ret, out, err, time.time() - now)

    def _dump_lines(self, lines, fp):
        try:
            for line in lines:
                print(line, file=fp)
        except UnicodeEncodeError:
            print("couldn't print to %s because of encoding" % (fp,))

    def _getpytestargs(self):
        # we cannot use "(sys.executable,script)"
        # because on windows the script is e.g. a pytest.exe
        return (sys.executable, _pytest_fullpath,)  # noqa

    def runpython(self, script):
        """Run a python script using sys.executable as interpreter.

        Returns a :py:class:`RunResult`.
        """
        return self.run(sys.executable, script)

    def runpython_c(self, command):
        """Run python -c "command", return a :py:class:`RunResult`."""
        return self.run(sys.executable, "-c", command)

    def runpytest_subprocess(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """Run pytest as a subprocess with given arguments.

        Any plugins added to the :py:attr:`plugins` list will added
        using the ``-p`` command line option.  Addtionally
        ``--basetemp`` is used put any temporary files and directories
        in a numbered directory prefixed with "runpytest-" so they do
        not conflict with the normal numberd pytest location for
        temporary files and directories.

        Returns a :py:class:`RunResult`.

        """
        p = py.path.local.make_numbered_dir(prefix="runpytest-",
                                            keep=None, rootdir=self.tmpdir)
        args = ('--basetemp=%s' % p, ) + args
        # for x in args:
        #    if '--confcutdir' in str(x):
        #        break
        # else:
        #    pass
        #    args = ('--confcutdir=.',) + args
        plugins = [x for x in self.plugins if isinstance(x, str)]
        if plugins:
            args = ('-p', plugins[0]) + args
        args = self._getpytestargs() + args
        return self.run(*args)

    def spawn_pytest(self, string, expect_timeout=10.0):
        """Run pytest using pexpect.

        This makes sure to use the right pytest and sets up the
        temporary directory locations.

        The pexpect child is returned.

        """
        basetemp = self.tmpdir.mkdir("temp-pexpect")
        invoke = " ".join(map(str, self._getpytestargs()))
        cmd = "%s --basetemp=%s %s" % (invoke, basetemp, string)
        return self.spawn(cmd, expect_timeout=expect_timeout)

    def spawn(self, cmd, expect_timeout=10.0):
        """Run a command using pexpect.

        The pexpect child is returned.
        """
        pexpect = pytest.importorskip("pexpect", "3.0")
        if hasattr(sys, 'pypy_version_info') and '64' in platform.machine():
            pytest.skip("pypy-64 bit not supported")
        if sys.platform.startswith("freebsd"):
            pytest.xfail("pexpect does not work reliably on freebsd")
        logfile = self.tmpdir.join("spawn.out").open("wb")
        child = pexpect.spawn(cmd, logfile=logfile)
        self.request.addfinalizer(logfile.close)
        child.timeout = expect_timeout
        return child


def getdecoded(out):
    try:
        return out.decode("utf-8")
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        return "INTERNAL not-utf8-decodeable, truncated string:\n%s" % (
            py.io.saferepr(out),)


class LineComp:
    def __init__(self):
        self.stringio = py.io.TextIO()

    def assert_contains_lines(self, lines2):
        """ assert that lines2 are contained (linearly) in lines1.
            return a list of extralines found.
        """
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        val = self.stringio.getvalue()
        self.stringio.truncate(0)
        self.stringio.seek(0)
        lines1 = val.split("\n")
        return LineMatcher(lines1).fnmatch_lines(lines2)


class LineMatcher:
    """Flexible matching of text.

    This is a convenience class to test large texts like the output of
    commands.

    The constructor takes a list of lines without their trailing
    newlines, i.e. ``text.splitlines()``.

    """

    def __init__(self, lines):
        self.lines = lines
        self._log_output = []

    def str(self):
        """Return the entire original text."""
        return "\n".join(self.lines)

    def _getlines(self, lines2):
        if isinstance(lines2, str):
            lines2 = Source(lines2)
        if isinstance(lines2, Source):
            lines2 = lines2.strip().lines
        return lines2

    def fnmatch_lines_random(self, lines2):
        """Check lines exist in the output.

        The argument is a list of lines which have to occur in the
        output, in any order.  Each line can contain glob whildcards.

        """
        lines2 = self._getlines(lines2)
        for line in lines2:
            for x in self.lines:
                if line == x or fnmatch(x, line):
                    self._log("matched: ", repr(line))
                    break
            else:
                self._log("line %r not found in output" % line)
                raise ValueError(self._log_text)

    def get_lines_after(self, fnline):
        """Return all lines following the given line in the text.

        The given line can contain glob wildcards.
        """
        for i, line in enumerate(self.lines):
            if fnline == line or fnmatch(line, fnline):
                return self.lines[i + 1:]
        raise ValueError("line %r not found in output" % fnline)

    def _log(self, *args):
        self._log_output.append(' '.join((str(x) for x in args)))

    @property
    def _log_text(self):
        return '\n'.join(self._log_output)

    def fnmatch_lines(self, lines2):
        """Search the text for matching lines.

        The argument is a list of lines which have to match and can
        use glob wildcards.  If they do not match an pytest.fail() is
        called.  The matches and non-matches are also printed on
        stdout.

        """
        lines2 = self._getlines(lines2)
        lines1 = self.lines[:]
        nextline = None
        extralines = []
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        for line in lines2:
            nomatchprinted = False
            while lines1:
                nextline = lines1.pop(0)
                if line == nextline:
                    self._log("exact match:", repr(line))
                    break
                elif fnmatch(nextline, line):
                    self._log("fnmatch:", repr(line))
                    self._log("   with:", repr(nextline))
                    break
                else:
                    if not nomatchprinted:
                        self._log("nomatch:", repr(line))
                        nomatchprinted = True
                    self._log("    and:", repr(nextline))
                extralines.append(nextline)
            else:
                self._log("remains unmatched: %r" % (line,))
                pytest.fail(self._log_text)