diff --git a/src/_pytest/python.py b/src/_pytest/python.py
index aa49aa264..197d36ee9 100644
--- a/src/_pytest/python.py
+++ b/src/_pytest/python.py
@@ -522,12 +522,18 @@ class Module(nodes.File, PyCollector):
             self.obj, ("setUpModule", "setup_module")
         )
         if setup_module is None and has_nose:
+            # The name "setup" is too common - only treat as fixture if callable.
             setup_module = _get_first_non_fixture_func(self.obj, ("setup",))
+            if not callable(setup_module):
+                setup_module = None
         teardown_module = _get_first_non_fixture_func(
             self.obj, ("tearDownModule", "teardown_module")
         )
         if teardown_module is None and has_nose:
             teardown_module = _get_first_non_fixture_func(self.obj, ("teardown",))
+            # Same as "setup" above - only treat as fixture if callable.
+            if not callable(teardown_module):
+                teardown_module = None
 
         if setup_module is None and teardown_module is None:
             return
diff --git a/testing/test_nose.py b/testing/test_nose.py
index edca0f446..1ded8854b 100644
--- a/testing/test_nose.py
+++ b/testing/test_nose.py
@@ -477,3 +477,22 @@ def test_raises(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             "* 1 failed, 2 passed *",
         ]
     )
+
+
+def test_nose_setup_skipped_if_non_callable(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
+    """Regression test for #9391."""
+    p = pytester.makepyfile(
+        __init__="",
+        setup="""
+        """,
+        teardown="""
+        """,
+        test_it="""
+        from . import setup, teardown
+
+        def test_it():
+            pass
+        """,
+    )
+    result = pytester.runpytest(p, "-p", "nose")
+    assert result.ret == 0