diff --git a/changelog/7469.deprecation.rst b/changelog/7469.deprecation.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67d0b2bba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/7469.deprecation.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Directly constructing/calling the following classes/functions is now deprecated:
+
+- ``_pytest.cacheprovider.Cache``
+- ``_pytest.cacheprovider.Cache.for_config()``
+- ``_pytest.cacheprovider.Cache.clear_cache()``
+- ``_pytest.cacheprovider.Cache.cache_dir_from_config()``
+- ``_pytest.capture.CaptureFixture``
+- ``_pytest.fixtures.FixtureRequest``
+- ``_pytest.fixtures.SubRequest``
+- ``_pytest.logging.LogCaptureFixture``
+- ``_pytest.pytester.Pytester``
+- ``_pytest.pytester.Testdir``
+- ``_pytest.recwarn.WarningsRecorder``
+- ``_pytest.recwarn.WarningsChecker``
+- ``_pytest.tmpdir.TempPathFactory``
+- ``_pytest.tmpdir.TempdirFactory``
+
+These have always been considered private, but now issue a deprecation warning, which may become a hard error in pytest 7.0.0.
diff --git a/changelog/7469.improvement.rst b/changelog/7469.improvement.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cbd75f054
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/7469.improvement.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+It is now possible to construct a :class:`MonkeyPatch` object directly as ``pytest.MonkeyPatch()``,
+in cases when the :fixture:`monkeypatch` fixture cannot be used. Previously some users imported it
+from the private `_pytest.monkeypatch.MonkeyPatch` namespace.
+
+The types of builtin pytest fixtures are now exported so they may be used in type annotations of test functions.
+The newly-exported types are:
+
+- ``pytest.FixtureRequest`` for the :fixture:`request` fixture.
+- ``pytest.Cache`` for the :fixture:`cache` fixture.
+- ``pytest.CaptureFixture[str]`` for the :fixture:`capfd` and :fixture:`capsys` fixtures.
+- ``pytest.CaptureFixture[bytes]`` for the :fixture:`capfdbinary` and :fixture:`capsysbinary` fixtures.
+- ``pytest.LogCaptureFixture`` for the :fixture:`caplog` fixture.
+- ``pytest.Pytester`` for the :fixture:`pytester` fixture.
+- ``pytest.Testdir`` for the :fixture:`testdir` fixture.
+- ``pytest.TempdirFactory`` for the :fixture:`tmpdir_factory` fixture.
+- ``pytest.TempPathFactory`` for the :fixture:`tmp_path_factory` fixture.
+- ``pytest.MonkeyPatch`` for the :fixture:`monkeypatch` fixture.
+- ``pytest.WarningsRecorder`` for the :fixture:`recwarn` fixture.
+
+Constructing them is not supported (except for `MonkeyPatch`); they are only meant for use in type annotations.
+Doing so will emit a deprecation warning, and may become a hard-error in pytest 7.0.
+
+Subclassing them is also not supported. This is not currently enforced at runtime, but is detected by type-checkers such as mypy.
diff --git a/doc/en/reference.rst b/doc/en/reference.rst
index cbe89fe0b..6973043cc 100644
--- a/doc/en/reference.rst
+++ b/doc/en/reference.rst
@@ -304,11 +304,10 @@ request ``pytestconfig`` into your fixture and get it with ``pytestconfig.cache`
 Under the hood, the cache plugin uses the simple
 ``dumps``/``loads`` API of the :py:mod:`json` stdlib module.
 
-.. currentmodule:: _pytest.cacheprovider
+``config.cache`` is an instance of :class:`pytest.Cache`:
 
-.. automethod:: Cache.get
-.. automethod:: Cache.set
-.. automethod:: Cache.makedir
+.. autoclass:: pytest.Cache()
+   :members:
 
 
 .. fixture:: capsys
@@ -318,12 +317,10 @@ capsys
 
 **Tutorial**: :doc:`capture`.
 
-.. currentmodule:: _pytest.capture
-
-.. autofunction:: capsys()
+.. autofunction:: _pytest.capture.capsys()
     :no-auto-options:
 
-    Returns an instance of :py:class:`CaptureFixture`.
+    Returns an instance of :class:`CaptureFixture[str] <pytest.CaptureFixture>`.
 
     Example:
 
@@ -334,7 +331,7 @@ capsys
             captured = capsys.readouterr()
             assert captured.out == "hello\n"
 
-.. autoclass:: CaptureFixture()
+.. autoclass:: pytest.CaptureFixture()
     :members:
 
 
@@ -345,10 +342,10 @@ capsysbinary
 
 **Tutorial**: :doc:`capture`.
 
-.. autofunction:: capsysbinary()
+.. autofunction:: _pytest.capture.capsysbinary()
     :no-auto-options:
 
-    Returns an instance of :py:class:`CaptureFixture`.
+    Returns an instance of :class:`CaptureFixture[bytes] <pytest.CaptureFixture>`.
 
     Example:
 
@@ -367,10 +364,10 @@ capfd
 
 **Tutorial**: :doc:`capture`.
 
-.. autofunction:: capfd()
+.. autofunction:: _pytest.capture.capfd()
     :no-auto-options:
 
-    Returns an instance of :py:class:`CaptureFixture`.
+    Returns an instance of :class:`CaptureFixture[str] <pytest.CaptureFixture>`.
 
     Example:
 
@@ -389,10 +386,10 @@ capfdbinary
 
 **Tutorial**: :doc:`capture`.
 
-.. autofunction:: capfdbinary()
+.. autofunction:: _pytest.capture.capfdbinary()
     :no-auto-options:
 
-    Returns an instance of :py:class:`CaptureFixture`.
+    Returns an instance of :class:`CaptureFixture[bytes] <pytest.CaptureFixture>`.
 
     Example:
 
@@ -433,7 +430,7 @@ request
 
 The ``request`` fixture is a special fixture providing information of the requesting test function.
 
-.. autoclass:: _pytest.fixtures.FixtureRequest()
+.. autoclass:: pytest.FixtureRequest()
     :members:
 
 
@@ -475,9 +472,9 @@ caplog
 .. autofunction:: _pytest.logging.caplog()
     :no-auto-options:
 
-    Returns a :class:`_pytest.logging.LogCaptureFixture` instance.
+    Returns a :class:`pytest.LogCaptureFixture` instance.
 
-.. autoclass:: _pytest.logging.LogCaptureFixture
+.. autoclass:: pytest.LogCaptureFixture()
     :members:
 
 
@@ -504,9 +501,7 @@ pytester
 
 .. versionadded:: 6.2
 
-.. currentmodule:: _pytest.pytester
-
-Provides a :class:`Pytester` instance that can be used to run and test pytest itself.
+Provides a :class:`~pytest.Pytester` instance that can be used to run and test pytest itself.
 
 It provides an empty directory where pytest can be executed in isolation, and contains facilities
 to write tests, configuration files, and match against expected output.
@@ -519,16 +514,16 @@ To use it, include in your topmost ``conftest.py`` file:
 
 
 
-.. autoclass:: Pytester()
+.. autoclass:: pytest.Pytester()
     :members:
 
-.. autoclass:: RunResult()
+.. autoclass:: _pytest.pytester.RunResult()
     :members:
 
-.. autoclass:: LineMatcher()
+.. autoclass:: _pytest.pytester.LineMatcher()
     :members:
 
-.. autoclass:: HookRecorder()
+.. autoclass:: _pytest.pytester.HookRecorder()
     :members:
 
 .. fixture:: testdir
@@ -541,7 +536,7 @@ legacy ``py.path.local`` objects instead when applicable.
 
 New code should avoid using :fixture:`testdir` in favor of :fixture:`pytester`.
 
-.. autoclass:: Testdir()
+.. autoclass:: pytest.Testdir()
     :members:
 
 
@@ -552,12 +547,10 @@ recwarn
 
 **Tutorial**: :ref:`assertwarnings`
 
-.. currentmodule:: _pytest.recwarn
-
-.. autofunction:: recwarn()
+.. autofunction:: _pytest.recwarn.recwarn()
     :no-auto-options:
 
-.. autoclass:: WarningsRecorder()
+.. autoclass:: pytest.WarningsRecorder()
     :members:
 
 Each recorded warning is an instance of :class:`warnings.WarningMessage`.
@@ -574,13 +567,11 @@ tmp_path
 
 **Tutorial**: :doc:`tmpdir`
 
-.. currentmodule:: _pytest.tmpdir
-
-.. autofunction:: tmp_path()
+.. autofunction:: _pytest.tmpdir.tmp_path()
     :no-auto-options:
 
 
-.. fixture:: tmp_path_factory
+.. fixture:: _pytest.tmpdir.tmp_path_factory
 
 tmp_path_factory
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -589,12 +580,9 @@ tmp_path_factory
 
 .. _`tmp_path_factory factory api`:
 
-``tmp_path_factory`` instances have the following methods:
+``tmp_path_factory`` is an instance of :class:`~pytest.TempPathFactory`:
 
-.. currentmodule:: _pytest.tmpdir
-
-.. automethod:: TempPathFactory.mktemp
-.. automethod:: TempPathFactory.getbasetemp
+.. autoclass:: pytest.TempPathFactory()
 
 
 .. fixture:: tmpdir
@@ -604,9 +592,7 @@ tmpdir
 
 **Tutorial**: :doc:`tmpdir`
 
-.. currentmodule:: _pytest.tmpdir
-
-.. autofunction:: tmpdir()
+.. autofunction:: _pytest.tmpdir.tmpdir()
     :no-auto-options:
 
 
@@ -619,12 +605,9 @@ tmpdir_factory
 
 .. _`tmpdir factory api`:
 
-``tmpdir_factory`` instances have the following methods:
+``tmp_path_factory`` is an instance of :class:`~pytest.TempdirFactory`:
 
-.. currentmodule:: _pytest.tmpdir
-
-.. automethod:: TempdirFactory.mktemp
-.. automethod:: TempdirFactory.getbasetemp
+.. autoclass:: pytest.TempdirFactory()
 
 
 .. _`hook-reference`:
diff --git a/src/_pytest/cacheprovider.py b/src/_pytest/cacheprovider.py
index 1689b9a41..03acd0310 100755
--- a/src/_pytest/cacheprovider.py
+++ b/src/_pytest/cacheprovider.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from _pytest.config import Config
 from _pytest.config import ExitCode
 from _pytest.config import hookimpl
 from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
+from _pytest.deprecated import check_ispytest
 from _pytest.fixtures import fixture
 from _pytest.fixtures import FixtureRequest
 from _pytest.main import Session
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55
 
 
 @final
-@attr.s
+@attr.s(init=False)
 class Cache:
     _cachedir = attr.ib(type=Path, repr=False)
     _config = attr.ib(type=Config, repr=False)
@@ -64,26 +65,52 @@ class Cache:
     # sub-directory under cache-dir for values created by "set"
     _CACHE_PREFIX_VALUES = "v"
 
-    @classmethod
-    def for_config(cls, config: Config) -> "Cache":
-        cachedir = cls.cache_dir_from_config(config)
-        if config.getoption("cacheclear") and cachedir.is_dir():
-            cls.clear_cache(cachedir)
-        return cls(cachedir, config)
+    def __init__(
+        self, cachedir: Path, config: Config, *, _ispytest: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
+        self._cachedir = cachedir
+        self._config = config
 
     @classmethod
-    def clear_cache(cls, cachedir: Path) -> None:
-        """Clear the sub-directories used to hold cached directories and values."""
+    def for_config(cls, config: Config, *, _ispytest: bool = False) -> "Cache":
+        """Create the Cache instance for a Config.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
+        cachedir = cls.cache_dir_from_config(config, _ispytest=True)
+        if config.getoption("cacheclear") and cachedir.is_dir():
+            cls.clear_cache(cachedir, _ispytest=True)
+        return cls(cachedir, config, _ispytest=True)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def clear_cache(cls, cachedir: Path, _ispytest: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Clear the sub-directories used to hold cached directories and values.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
         for prefix in (cls._CACHE_PREFIX_DIRS, cls._CACHE_PREFIX_VALUES):
             d = cachedir / prefix
             if d.is_dir():
                 rm_rf(d)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def cache_dir_from_config(config: Config) -> Path:
+    def cache_dir_from_config(config: Config, *, _ispytest: bool = False) -> Path:
+        """Get the path to the cache directory for a Config.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
         return resolve_from_str(config.getini("cache_dir"), config.rootpath)
 
-    def warn(self, fmt: str, **args: object) -> None:
+    def warn(self, fmt: str, *, _ispytest: bool = False, **args: object) -> None:
+        """Issue a cache warning.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
         import warnings
         from _pytest.warning_types import PytestCacheWarning
 
@@ -152,7 +179,7 @@ class Cache:
                 cache_dir_exists_already = self._cachedir.exists()
                 path.parent.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
         except OSError:
-            self.warn("could not create cache path {path}", path=path)
+            self.warn("could not create cache path {path}", path=path, _ispytest=True)
             return
         if not cache_dir_exists_already:
             self._ensure_supporting_files()
@@ -160,7 +187,7 @@ class Cache:
         try:
             f = path.open("w")
         except OSError:
-            self.warn("cache could not write path {path}", path=path)
+            self.warn("cache could not write path {path}", path=path, _ispytest=True)
         else:
             with f:
                 f.write(data)
@@ -469,7 +496,7 @@ def pytest_cmdline_main(config: Config) -> Optional[Union[int, ExitCode]]:
 
 @hookimpl(tryfirst=True)
 def pytest_configure(config: Config) -> None:
-    config.cache = Cache.for_config(config)
+    config.cache = Cache.for_config(config, _ispytest=True)
     config.pluginmanager.register(LFPlugin(config), "lfplugin")
     config.pluginmanager.register(NFPlugin(config), "nfplugin")
 
diff --git a/src/_pytest/capture.py b/src/_pytest/capture.py
index 1c3a2b819..086302658 100644
--- a/src/_pytest/capture.py
+++ b/src/_pytest/capture.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from _pytest.compat import final
 from _pytest.config import Config
 from _pytest.config import hookimpl
 from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
+from _pytest.deprecated import check_ispytest
 from _pytest.fixtures import fixture
 from _pytest.fixtures import SubRequest
 from _pytest.nodes import Collector
@@ -826,10 +827,13 @@ class CaptureManager:
 
 
 class CaptureFixture(Generic[AnyStr]):
-    """Object returned by the :py:func:`capsys`, :py:func:`capsysbinary`,
-    :py:func:`capfd` and :py:func:`capfdbinary` fixtures."""
+    """Object returned by the :fixture:`capsys`, :fixture:`capsysbinary`,
+    :fixture:`capfd` and :fixture:`capfdbinary` fixtures."""
 
-    def __init__(self, captureclass, request: SubRequest) -> None:
+    def __init__(
+        self, captureclass, request: SubRequest, *, _ispytest: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
         self.captureclass = captureclass
         self.request = request
         self._capture: Optional[MultiCapture[AnyStr]] = None
@@ -904,7 +908,7 @@ def capsys(request: SubRequest) -> Generator[CaptureFixture[str], None, None]:
     ``out`` and ``err`` will be ``text`` objects.
     """
     capman = request.config.pluginmanager.getplugin("capturemanager")
-    capture_fixture = CaptureFixture[str](SysCapture, request)
+    capture_fixture = CaptureFixture[str](SysCapture, request, _ispytest=True)
     capman.set_fixture(capture_fixture)
     capture_fixture._start()
     yield capture_fixture
@@ -921,7 +925,7 @@ def capsysbinary(request: SubRequest) -> Generator[CaptureFixture[bytes], None,
     ``out`` and ``err`` will be ``bytes`` objects.
     """
     capman = request.config.pluginmanager.getplugin("capturemanager")
-    capture_fixture = CaptureFixture[bytes](SysCaptureBinary, request)
+    capture_fixture = CaptureFixture[bytes](SysCaptureBinary, request, _ispytest=True)
     capman.set_fixture(capture_fixture)
     capture_fixture._start()
     yield capture_fixture
@@ -938,7 +942,7 @@ def capfd(request: SubRequest) -> Generator[CaptureFixture[str], None, None]:
     ``out`` and ``err`` will be ``text`` objects.
     """
     capman = request.config.pluginmanager.getplugin("capturemanager")
-    capture_fixture = CaptureFixture[str](FDCapture, request)
+    capture_fixture = CaptureFixture[str](FDCapture, request, _ispytest=True)
     capman.set_fixture(capture_fixture)
     capture_fixture._start()
     yield capture_fixture
@@ -955,7 +959,7 @@ def capfdbinary(request: SubRequest) -> Generator[CaptureFixture[bytes], None, N
     ``out`` and ``err`` will be ``byte`` objects.
     """
     capman = request.config.pluginmanager.getplugin("capturemanager")
-    capture_fixture = CaptureFixture[bytes](FDCaptureBinary, request)
+    capture_fixture = CaptureFixture[bytes](FDCaptureBinary, request, _ispytest=True)
     capman.set_fixture(capture_fixture)
     capture_fixture._start()
     yield capture_fixture
diff --git a/src/_pytest/deprecated.py b/src/_pytest/deprecated.py
index 2e9154e83..19b31d665 100644
--- a/src/_pytest/deprecated.py
+++ b/src/_pytest/deprecated.py
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ All constants defined in this module should be either instances of
 :class:`PytestWarning`, or :class:`UnformattedWarning`
 in case of warnings which need to format their messages.
 """
+from warnings import warn
+
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestDeprecationWarning
 from _pytest.warning_types import UnformattedWarning
 
@@ -59,3 +61,27 @@ FSCOLLECTOR_GETHOOKPROXY_ISINITPATH = PytestDeprecationWarning(
 STRICT_OPTION = PytestDeprecationWarning(
     "The --strict option is deprecated, use --strict-markers instead."
 )
+
+PRIVATE = PytestDeprecationWarning("A private pytest class or function was used.")
+
+
+# You want to make some `__init__` or function "private".
+#
+#   def my_private_function(some, args):
+#       ...
+#
+# Do this:
+#
+#   def my_private_function(some, args, *, _ispytest: bool = False):
+#       check_ispytest(_ispytest)
+#       ...
+#
+# Change all internal/allowed calls to
+#
+#   my_private_function(some, args, _ispytest=True)
+#
+# All other calls will get the default _ispytest=False and trigger
+# the warning (possibly error in the future).
+def check_ispytest(ispytest: bool) -> None:
+    if not ispytest:
+        warn(PRIVATE, stacklevel=3)
diff --git a/src/_pytest/doctest.py b/src/_pytest/doctest.py
index fd9434a92..64e8f0e0e 100644
--- a/src/_pytest/doctest.py
+++ b/src/_pytest/doctest.py
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ def _setup_fixtures(doctest_item: DoctestItem) -> FixtureRequest:
     doctest_item._fixtureinfo = fm.getfixtureinfo(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
         node=doctest_item, func=func, cls=None, funcargs=False
     )
-    fixture_request = FixtureRequest(doctest_item)
+    fixture_request = FixtureRequest(doctest_item, _ispytest=True)
     fixture_request._fillfixtures()
     return fixture_request
 
diff --git a/src/_pytest/fixtures.py b/src/_pytest/fixtures.py
index cef998c03..273bcafd3 100644
--- a/src/_pytest/fixtures.py
+++ b/src/_pytest/fixtures.py
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ from _pytest.compat import safe_getattr
 from _pytest.config import _PluggyPlugin
 from _pytest.config import Config
 from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
+from _pytest.deprecated import check_ispytest
 from _pytest.deprecated import FILLFUNCARGS
 from _pytest.deprecated import YIELD_FIXTURE
 from _pytest.mark import Mark
@@ -367,7 +368,7 @@ def _fill_fixtures_impl(function: "Function") -> None:
         assert function.parent is not None
         fi = fm.getfixtureinfo(function.parent, function.obj, None)
         function._fixtureinfo = fi
-        request = function._request = FixtureRequest(function)
+        request = function._request = FixtureRequest(function, _ispytest=True)
         request._fillfixtures()
         # Prune out funcargs for jstests.
         newfuncargs = {}
@@ -429,7 +430,8 @@ class FixtureRequest:
     indirectly.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, pyfuncitem) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, pyfuncitem, *, _ispytest: bool = False) -> None:
+        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
         self._pyfuncitem = pyfuncitem
         #: Fixture for which this request is being performed.
         self.fixturename: Optional[str] = None
@@ -674,7 +676,9 @@ class FixtureRequest:
             if paramscopenum is not None:
                 scope = scopes[paramscopenum]
 
-        subrequest = SubRequest(self, scope, param, param_index, fixturedef)
+        subrequest = SubRequest(
+            self, scope, param, param_index, fixturedef, _ispytest=True
+        )
 
         # Check if a higher-level scoped fixture accesses a lower level one.
         subrequest._check_scope(argname, self.scope, scope)
@@ -751,7 +755,10 @@ class SubRequest(FixtureRequest):
         param,
         param_index: int,
         fixturedef: "FixtureDef[object]",
+        *,
+        _ispytest: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
+        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
         self._parent_request = request
         self.fixturename = fixturedef.argname
         if param is not NOTSET:
@@ -769,6 +776,8 @@ class SubRequest(FixtureRequest):
         return f"<SubRequest {self.fixturename!r} for {self._pyfuncitem!r}>"
 
     def addfinalizer(self, finalizer: Callable[[], object]) -> None:
+        """Add finalizer/teardown function to be called after the last test
+        within the requesting test context finished execution."""
         self._fixturedef.addfinalizer(finalizer)
 
     def _schedule_finalizers(
diff --git a/src/_pytest/logging.py b/src/_pytest/logging.py
index 2f5da8e7a..2e4847328 100644
--- a/src/_pytest/logging.py
+++ b/src/_pytest/logging.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from _pytest.config import create_terminal_writer
 from _pytest.config import hookimpl
 from _pytest.config import UsageError
 from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
+from _pytest.deprecated import check_ispytest
 from _pytest.fixtures import fixture
 from _pytest.fixtures import FixtureRequest
 from _pytest.main import Session
@@ -346,7 +347,8 @@ class LogCaptureHandler(logging.StreamHandler):
 class LogCaptureFixture:
     """Provides access and control of log capturing."""
 
-    def __init__(self, item: nodes.Node) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, item: nodes.Node, *, _ispytest: bool = False) -> None:
+        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
         self._item = item
         self._initial_handler_level: Optional[int] = None
         # Dict of log name -> log level.
@@ -482,7 +484,7 @@ def caplog(request: FixtureRequest) -> Generator[LogCaptureFixture, None, None]:
     * caplog.record_tuples   -> list of (logger_name, level, message) tuples
     * caplog.clear()         -> clear captured records and formatted log output string
     """
-    result = LogCaptureFixture(request.node)
+    result = LogCaptureFixture(request.node, _ispytest=True)
     yield result
     result._finalize()
 
diff --git a/src/_pytest/pytester.py b/src/_pytest/pytester.py
index 158b71b3a..20ea71edc 100644
--- a/src/_pytest/pytester.py
+++ b/src/_pytest/pytester.py
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ from _pytest.config import hookimpl
 from _pytest.config import main
 from _pytest.config import PytestPluginManager
 from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
+from _pytest.deprecated import check_ispytest
 from _pytest.fixtures import fixture
 from _pytest.fixtures import FixtureRequest
 from _pytest.main import Session
@@ -454,7 +455,7 @@ def pytester(request: FixtureRequest, tmp_path_factory: TempPathFactory) -> "Pyt
     It is particularly useful for testing plugins. It is similar to the :fixture:`tmp_path`
     fixture but provides methods which aid in testing pytest itself.
     """
-    return Pytester(request, tmp_path_factory)
+    return Pytester(request, tmp_path_factory, _ispytest=True)
 
 
 @fixture
@@ -465,7 +466,7 @@ def testdir(pytester: "Pytester") -> "Testdir":
 
     New code should avoid using :fixture:`testdir` in favor of :fixture:`pytester`.
     """
-    return Testdir(pytester)
+    return Testdir(pytester, _ispytest=True)
 
 
 @fixture
@@ -648,8 +649,13 @@ class Pytester:
         pass
 
     def __init__(
-        self, request: FixtureRequest, tmp_path_factory: TempPathFactory
+        self,
+        request: FixtureRequest,
+        tmp_path_factory: TempPathFactory,
+        *,
+        _ispytest: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
+        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
         self._request = request
         self._mod_collections: WeakKeyDictionary[
             Collector, List[Union[Item, Collector]]
@@ -1480,7 +1486,7 @@ class LineComp:
 
 
 @final
-@attr.s(repr=False, str=False)
+@attr.s(repr=False, str=False, init=False)
 class Testdir:
     """
     Similar to :class:`Pytester`, but this class works with legacy py.path.local objects instead.
@@ -1495,7 +1501,9 @@ class Testdir:
     TimeoutExpired = Pytester.TimeoutExpired
     Session = Pytester.Session
 
-    _pytester: Pytester = attr.ib()
+    def __init__(self, pytester: Pytester, *, _ispytest: bool = False) -> None:
+        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
+        self._pytester = pytester
 
     @property
     def tmpdir(self) -> py.path.local:
diff --git a/src/_pytest/python.py b/src/_pytest/python.py
index a3eaa5823..e48e7531c 100644
--- a/src/_pytest/python.py
+++ b/src/_pytest/python.py
@@ -1620,7 +1620,7 @@ class Function(PyobjMixin, nodes.Item):
 
     def _initrequest(self) -> None:
         self.funcargs: Dict[str, object] = {}
-        self._request = fixtures.FixtureRequest(self)
+        self._request = fixtures.FixtureRequest(self, _ispytest=True)
 
     @property
     def function(self):
diff --git a/src/_pytest/recwarn.py b/src/_pytest/recwarn.py
index 49f1e5902..58b449114 100644
--- a/src/_pytest/recwarn.py
+++ b/src/_pytest/recwarn.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from typing import TypeVar
 from typing import Union
 
 from _pytest.compat import final
+from _pytest.deprecated import check_ispytest
 from _pytest.fixtures import fixture
 from _pytest.outcomes import fail
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ def recwarn() -> Generator["WarningsRecorder", None, None]:
     See http://docs.python.org/library/warnings.html for information
     on warning categories.
     """
-    wrec = WarningsRecorder()
+    wrec = WarningsRecorder(_ispytest=True)
     with wrec:
         warnings.simplefilter("default")
         yield wrec
@@ -142,14 +143,14 @@ def warns(
             msg += ", ".join(sorted(kwargs))
             msg += "\nUse context-manager form instead?"
             raise TypeError(msg)
-        return WarningsChecker(expected_warning, match_expr=match)
+        return WarningsChecker(expected_warning, match_expr=match, _ispytest=True)
     else:
         func = args[0]
         if not callable(func):
             raise TypeError(
                 "{!r} object (type: {}) must be callable".format(func, type(func))
             )
-        with WarningsChecker(expected_warning):
+        with WarningsChecker(expected_warning, _ispytest=True):
             return func(*args[1:], **kwargs)
 
 
@@ -159,7 +160,8 @@ class WarningsRecorder(warnings.catch_warnings):
     Adapted from `warnings.catch_warnings`.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, *, _ispytest: bool = False) -> None:
+        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
         # Type ignored due to the way typeshed handles warnings.catch_warnings.
         super().__init__(record=True)  # type: ignore[call-arg]
         self._entered = False
@@ -232,8 +234,11 @@ class WarningsChecker(WarningsRecorder):
             Union[Type[Warning], Tuple[Type[Warning], ...]]
         ] = None,
         match_expr: Optional[Union[str, Pattern[str]]] = None,
+        *,
+        _ispytest: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
-        super().__init__()
+        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
+        super().__init__(_ispytest=True)
 
         msg = "exceptions must be derived from Warning, not %s"
         if expected_warning is None:
diff --git a/src/_pytest/tmpdir.py b/src/_pytest/tmpdir.py
index 4ca1dd6e1..e62d08db5 100644
--- a/src/_pytest/tmpdir.py
+++ b/src/_pytest/tmpdir.py
@@ -14,37 +14,56 @@ from .pathlib import make_numbered_dir
 from .pathlib import make_numbered_dir_with_cleanup
 from _pytest.compat import final
 from _pytest.config import Config
+from _pytest.deprecated import check_ispytest
 from _pytest.fixtures import fixture
 from _pytest.fixtures import FixtureRequest
 from _pytest.monkeypatch import MonkeyPatch
 
 
 @final
-@attr.s
+@attr.s(init=False)
 class TempPathFactory:
     """Factory for temporary directories under the common base temp directory.
 
     The base directory can be configured using the ``--basetemp`` option.
     """
 
-    _given_basetemp = attr.ib(
-        type=Optional[Path],
-        # Use os.path.abspath() to get absolute path instead of resolve() as it
-        # does not work the same in all platforms (see #4427).
-        # Path.absolute() exists, but it is not public (see https://bugs.python.org/issue25012).
-        # Ignore type because of https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/6172.
-        converter=attr.converters.optional(
-            lambda p: Path(os.path.abspath(str(p)))  # type: ignore
-        ),
-    )
+    _given_basetemp = attr.ib(type=Optional[Path])
     _trace = attr.ib()
-    _basetemp = attr.ib(type=Optional[Path], default=None)
+    _basetemp = attr.ib(type=Optional[Path])
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        given_basetemp: Optional[Path],
+        trace,
+        basetemp: Optional[Path] = None,
+        *,
+        _ispytest: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
+        if given_basetemp is None:
+            self._given_basetemp = None
+        else:
+            # Use os.path.abspath() to get absolute path instead of resolve() as it
+            # does not work the same in all platforms (see #4427).
+            # Path.absolute() exists, but it is not public (see https://bugs.python.org/issue25012).
+            self._given_basetemp = Path(os.path.abspath(str(given_basetemp)))
+        self._trace = trace
+        self._basetemp = basetemp
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_config(cls, config: Config) -> "TempPathFactory":
-        """Create a factory according to pytest configuration."""
+    def from_config(
+        cls, config: Config, *, _ispytest: bool = False,
+    ) -> "TempPathFactory":
+        """Create a factory according to pytest configuration.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
         return cls(
-            given_basetemp=config.option.basetemp, trace=config.trace.get("tmpdir")
+            given_basetemp=config.option.basetemp,
+            trace=config.trace.get("tmpdir"),
+            _ispytest=True,
         )
 
     def _ensure_relative_to_basetemp(self, basename: str) -> str:
@@ -104,13 +123,19 @@ class TempPathFactory:
 
 
 @final
-@attr.s
+@attr.s(init=False)
 class TempdirFactory:
     """Backward comptibility wrapper that implements :class:``py.path.local``
     for :class:``TempPathFactory``."""
 
     _tmppath_factory = attr.ib(type=TempPathFactory)
 
+    def __init__(
+        self, tmppath_factory: TempPathFactory, *, _ispytest: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
+        self._tmppath_factory = tmppath_factory
+
     def mktemp(self, basename: str, numbered: bool = True) -> py.path.local:
         """Same as :meth:`TempPathFactory.mktemp`, but returns a ``py.path.local`` object."""
         return py.path.local(self._tmppath_factory.mktemp(basename, numbered).resolve())
@@ -139,8 +164,8 @@ def pytest_configure(config: Config) -> None:
     to the tmpdir_factory session fixture.
     """
     mp = MonkeyPatch()
-    tmppath_handler = TempPathFactory.from_config(config)
-    t = TempdirFactory(tmppath_handler)
+    tmppath_handler = TempPathFactory.from_config(config, _ispytest=True)
+    t = TempdirFactory(tmppath_handler, _ispytest=True)
     config._cleanup.append(mp.undo)
     mp.setattr(config, "_tmp_path_factory", tmppath_handler, raising=False)
     mp.setattr(config, "_tmpdirhandler", t, raising=False)
diff --git a/src/pytest/__init__.py b/src/pytest/__init__.py
index d7a5b2299..8af095ea8 100644
--- a/src/pytest/__init__.py
+++ b/src/pytest/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 from . import collect
 from _pytest import __version__
 from _pytest.assertion import register_assert_rewrite
+from _pytest.cacheprovider import Cache
+from _pytest.capture import CaptureFixture
 from _pytest.config import cmdline
 from _pytest.config import console_main
 from _pytest.config import ExitCode
@@ -14,8 +16,10 @@ from _pytest.debugging import pytestPDB as __pytestPDB
 from _pytest.fixtures import _fillfuncargs
 from _pytest.fixtures import fixture
 from _pytest.fixtures import FixtureLookupError
+from _pytest.fixtures import FixtureRequest
 from _pytest.fixtures import yield_fixture
 from _pytest.freeze_support import freeze_includes
+from _pytest.logging import LogCaptureFixture
 from _pytest.main import Session
 from _pytest.mark import MARK_GEN as mark
 from _pytest.mark import param
@@ -28,6 +32,8 @@ from _pytest.outcomes import fail
 from _pytest.outcomes import importorskip
 from _pytest.outcomes import skip
 from _pytest.outcomes import xfail
+from _pytest.pytester import Pytester
+from _pytest.pytester import Testdir
 from _pytest.python import Class
 from _pytest.python import Function
 from _pytest.python import Instance
@@ -36,7 +42,10 @@ from _pytest.python import Package
 from _pytest.python_api import approx
 from _pytest.python_api import raises
 from _pytest.recwarn import deprecated_call
+from _pytest.recwarn import WarningsRecorder
 from _pytest.recwarn import warns
+from _pytest.tmpdir import TempdirFactory
+from _pytest.tmpdir import TempPathFactory
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestAssertRewriteWarning
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestCacheWarning
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestCollectionWarning
@@ -53,6 +62,8 @@ __all__ = [
     "__version__",
     "_fillfuncargs",
     "approx",
+    "Cache",
+    "CaptureFixture",
     "Class",
     "cmdline",
     "collect",
@@ -65,6 +76,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "File",
     "fixture",
     "FixtureLookupError",
+    "FixtureRequest",
     "freeze_includes",
     "Function",
     "hookimpl",
@@ -72,6 +84,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "importorskip",
     "Instance",
     "Item",
+    "LogCaptureFixture",
     "main",
     "mark",
     "Module",
@@ -84,6 +97,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "PytestConfigWarning",
     "PytestDeprecationWarning",
     "PytestExperimentalApiWarning",
+    "Pytester",
     "PytestUnhandledCoroutineWarning",
     "PytestUnknownMarkWarning",
     "PytestWarning",
@@ -92,7 +106,11 @@ __all__ = [
     "Session",
     "set_trace",
     "skip",
+    "TempPathFactory",
+    "Testdir",
+    "TempdirFactory",
     "UsageError",
+    "WarningsRecorder",
     "warns",
     "xfail",
     "yield_fixture",
diff --git a/testing/deprecated_test.py b/testing/deprecated_test.py
index 0d1b58ad1..d213414ee 100644
--- a/testing/deprecated_test.py
+++ b/testing/deprecated_test.py
@@ -123,3 +123,17 @@ def test_yield_fixture_is_deprecated() -> None:
         @pytest.yield_fixture
         def fix():
             assert False
+
+
+def test_private_is_deprecated() -> None:
+    class PrivateInit:
+        def __init__(self, foo: int, *, _ispytest: bool = False) -> None:
+            deprecated.check_ispytest(_ispytest)
+
+    with pytest.warns(
+        pytest.PytestDeprecationWarning, match="private pytest class or function"
+    ):
+        PrivateInit(10)
+
+    # Doesn't warn.
+    PrivateInit(10, _ispytest=True)
diff --git a/testing/python/fixtures.py b/testing/python/fixtures.py
index a5637b476..94547dd24 100644
--- a/testing/python/fixtures.py
+++ b/testing/python/fixtures.py
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ class TestRequestBasic:
             def test_func(something): pass
         """
         )
-        req = fixtures.FixtureRequest(item)
+        req = fixtures.FixtureRequest(item, _ispytest=True)
         assert req.function == item.obj
         assert req.keywords == item.keywords
         assert hasattr(req.module, "test_func")
@@ -661,7 +661,9 @@ class TestRequestBasic:
         )
         (item1,) = testdir.genitems([modcol])
         assert item1.name == "test_method"
-        arg2fixturedefs = fixtures.FixtureRequest(item1)._arg2fixturedefs
+        arg2fixturedefs = fixtures.FixtureRequest(
+            item1, _ispytest=True
+        )._arg2fixturedefs
         assert len(arg2fixturedefs) == 1
         assert arg2fixturedefs["something"][0].argname == "something"
 
@@ -910,7 +912,7 @@ class TestRequestBasic:
     def test_request_getmodulepath(self, testdir):
         modcol = testdir.getmodulecol("def test_somefunc(): pass")
         (item,) = testdir.genitems([modcol])
-        req = fixtures.FixtureRequest(item)
+        req = fixtures.FixtureRequest(item, _ispytest=True)
         assert req.fspath == modcol.fspath
 
     def test_request_fixturenames(self, testdir):
@@ -1052,7 +1054,7 @@ class TestRequestMarking:
                     pass
         """
         )
-        req1 = fixtures.FixtureRequest(item1)
+        req1 = fixtures.FixtureRequest(item1, _ispytest=True)
         assert "xfail" not in item1.keywords
         req1.applymarker(pytest.mark.xfail)
         assert "xfail" in item1.keywords
@@ -3882,7 +3884,7 @@ class TestScopeOrdering:
         """
         )
         items, _ = testdir.inline_genitems()
-        request = FixtureRequest(items[0])
+        request = FixtureRequest(items[0], _ispytest=True)
         assert request.fixturenames == "m1 f1".split()
 
     def test_func_closure_with_native_fixtures(self, testdir, monkeypatch) -> None:
@@ -3928,7 +3930,7 @@ class TestScopeOrdering:
         """
         )
         items, _ = testdir.inline_genitems()
-        request = FixtureRequest(items[0])
+        request = FixtureRequest(items[0], _ispytest=True)
         # order of fixtures based on their scope and position in the parameter list
         assert (
             request.fixturenames == "s1 my_tmpdir_factory p1 m1 f1 f2 my_tmpdir".split()
@@ -3954,7 +3956,7 @@ class TestScopeOrdering:
         """
         )
         items, _ = testdir.inline_genitems()
-        request = FixtureRequest(items[0])
+        request = FixtureRequest(items[0], _ispytest=True)
         assert request.fixturenames == "m1 f1".split()
 
     def test_func_closure_scopes_reordered(self, testdir):
@@ -3987,7 +3989,7 @@ class TestScopeOrdering:
         """
         )
         items, _ = testdir.inline_genitems()
-        request = FixtureRequest(items[0])
+        request = FixtureRequest(items[0], _ispytest=True)
         assert request.fixturenames == "s1 m1 c1 f2 f1".split()
 
     def test_func_closure_same_scope_closer_root_first(self, testdir):
@@ -4027,7 +4029,7 @@ class TestScopeOrdering:
             }
         )
         items, _ = testdir.inline_genitems()
-        request = FixtureRequest(items[0])
+        request = FixtureRequest(items[0], _ispytest=True)
         assert request.fixturenames == "p_sub m_conf m_sub m_test f1".split()
 
     def test_func_closure_all_scopes_complex(self, testdir):
@@ -4071,7 +4073,7 @@ class TestScopeOrdering:
         """
         )
         items, _ = testdir.inline_genitems()
-        request = FixtureRequest(items[0])
+        request = FixtureRequest(items[0], _ispytest=True)
         assert request.fixturenames == "s1 p1 m1 m2 c1 f2 f1".split()
 
     def test_multiple_packages(self, testdir):
diff --git a/testing/test_cacheprovider.py b/testing/test_cacheprovider.py
index 37253b8b5..ccc7304b0 100644
--- a/testing/test_cacheprovider.py
+++ b/testing/test_cacheprovider.py
@@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@ def test_gitignore(testdir):
     from _pytest.cacheprovider import Cache
 
     config = testdir.parseconfig()
-    cache = Cache.for_config(config)
+    cache = Cache.for_config(config, _ispytest=True)
     cache.set("foo", "bar")
     msg = "# Created by pytest automatically.\n*\n"
     gitignore_path = cache._cachedir.joinpath(".gitignore")
@@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ def test_does_not_create_boilerplate_in_existing_dirs(testdir):
         """
     )
     config = testdir.parseconfig()
-    cache = Cache.for_config(config)
+    cache = Cache.for_config(config, _ispytest=True)
     cache.set("foo", "bar")
 
     assert os.path.isdir("v")  # cache contents
@@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@ def test_cachedir_tag(testdir):
     from _pytest.cacheprovider import CACHEDIR_TAG_CONTENT
 
     config = testdir.parseconfig()
-    cache = Cache.for_config(config)
+    cache = Cache.for_config(config, _ispytest=True)
     cache.set("foo", "bar")
     cachedir_tag_path = cache._cachedir.joinpath("CACHEDIR.TAG")
     assert cachedir_tag_path.read_bytes() == CACHEDIR_TAG_CONTENT
diff --git a/testing/test_recwarn.py b/testing/test_recwarn.py
index f61f8586f..05970061e 100644
--- a/testing/test_recwarn.py
+++ b/testing/test_recwarn.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def test_recwarn_functional(testdir) -> None:
 
 class TestWarningsRecorderChecker:
     def test_recording(self) -> None:
-        rec = WarningsRecorder()
+        rec = WarningsRecorder(_ispytest=True)
         with rec:
             assert not rec.list
             warnings.warn_explicit("hello", UserWarning, "xyz", 13)
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class TestWarningsRecorderChecker:
 
     def test_warn_stacklevel(self) -> None:
         """#4243"""
-        rec = WarningsRecorder()
+        rec = WarningsRecorder(_ispytest=True)
         with rec:
             warnings.warn("test", DeprecationWarning, 2)
 
@@ -53,21 +53,21 @@ class TestWarningsRecorderChecker:
         from _pytest.recwarn import WarningsChecker
 
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            WarningsChecker(5)  # type: ignore
+            WarningsChecker(5, _ispytest=True)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            WarningsChecker(("hi", RuntimeWarning))  # type: ignore
+            WarningsChecker(("hi", RuntimeWarning), _ispytest=True)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            WarningsChecker([DeprecationWarning, RuntimeWarning])  # type: ignore
+            WarningsChecker([DeprecationWarning, RuntimeWarning], _ispytest=True)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
     def test_invalid_enter_exit(self) -> None:
         # wrap this test in WarningsRecorder to ensure warning state gets reset
-        with WarningsRecorder():
+        with WarningsRecorder(_ispytest=True):
             with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
-                rec = WarningsRecorder()
+                rec = WarningsRecorder(_ispytest=True)
                 rec.__exit__(None, None, None)  # can't exit before entering
 
             with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
-                rec = WarningsRecorder()
+                rec = WarningsRecorder(_ispytest=True)
                 with rec:
                     with rec:
                         pass  # can't enter twice
diff --git a/testing/test_tmpdir.py b/testing/test_tmpdir.py
index bd6e7b968..1df0e2207 100644
--- a/testing/test_tmpdir.py
+++ b/testing/test_tmpdir.py
@@ -48,7 +48,9 @@ class FakeConfig:
 class TestTempdirHandler:
     def test_mktemp(self, tmp_path):
         config = cast(Config, FakeConfig(tmp_path))
-        t = TempdirFactory(TempPathFactory.from_config(config))
+        t = TempdirFactory(
+            TempPathFactory.from_config(config, _ispytest=True), _ispytest=True
+        )
         tmp = t.mktemp("world")
         assert tmp.relto(t.getbasetemp()) == "world0"
         tmp = t.mktemp("this")
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ class TestTempdirHandler:
         """#4425"""
         monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path)
         config = cast(Config, FakeConfig("hello"))
-        t = TempPathFactory.from_config(config)
+        t = TempPathFactory.from_config(config, _ispytest=True)
         assert t.getbasetemp().resolve() == (tmp_path / "hello").resolve()