[svn r63520] * removing versioning of generated _build directory.
* removing an outdated note regarding py.std --HG-- branch : trunk
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@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
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# Sphinx build info version 1
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# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done.
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config: 3aded863e1a877ce596c0a99a7f6ab46
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tags: fbb0d17656682115ca4d033fb2f83ba1
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|
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@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
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======================
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``py/bin/`` scripts
|
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======================
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The py-lib contains some scripts, most of which are
|
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small ones (apart from ``py.test``) that help during
|
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the python development process. If working
|
||||
from a svn-checkout of py lib you may add ``py/bin``
|
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to your shell ``PATH`` which should make the scripts
|
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available on your command prompt.
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|
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``py.test``
|
||||
===========
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|
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The ``py.test`` executable is the main entry point into the py-lib testing tool,
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see the `py.test documentation`_.
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.. _`py.test documentation`: test.html
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|
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``py.cleanup``
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||||
==============
|
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|
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Usage: ``py.cleanup [PATH]``
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|
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Delete pyc file recursively, starting from ``PATH`` (which defaults to the
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current working directory). Don't follow links and don't recurse into
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directories with a ".".
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``py.countloc``
|
||||
===============
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|
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Usage: ``py.countloc [PATHS]``
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|
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Count (non-empty) lines of python code and number of python files recursively
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starting from a ``PATHS`` given on the command line (starting from the current
|
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working directory). Distinguish between test files and normal ones and report
|
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them separately.
|
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|
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``py.lookup``
|
||||
=============
|
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|
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Usage: ``py.lookup SEARCH_STRING [options]``
|
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|
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Looks recursively at Python files for a ``SEARCH_STRING``, starting from the
|
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present working directory. Prints the line, with the filename and line-number
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prepended.
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|
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``py.rest``
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||||
===========
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Usage: ``py.rest [PATHS] [options]``
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Loot recursively for .txt files starting from ``PATHS`` and convert them to
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html using docutils or to pdf files, if the ``--pdf`` option is used. For
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conversion to PDF you will need several command line tools, on Ubuntu Linux
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this is **texlive** and **texlive-extra-utils**.
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``py.rest`` has some extra features over rst2html (which is shipped with
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docutils). Most of these are still experimental, the one which is most likely
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not going to change is the `graphviz`_ directive. With that you can embed .dot
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files into your document and have them be converted to png (when outputting
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html) and to eps (when outputting pdf). Otherwise the directive works mostly
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like the image directive::
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|
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.. graphviz:: example.dot
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:scale: 90
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|
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.. _`graphviz`: http://www.graphviz.org
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|
|
@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
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=======
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py.code
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||||
=======
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|
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The :api:`py.code` part of the 'py lib' contains some functionality to help
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dealing with Python code objects. Even though working with Python's internal
|
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code objects (as found on frames and callables) can be very powerful, it's
|
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usually also quite cumbersome, because the API provided by core Python is
|
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relatively low level and not very accessible.
|
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|
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The :api:`py.code` library tries to simplify accessing the code objects as well
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as creating them. There is a small set of interfaces a user needs to deal with,
|
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all nicely bundled together, and with a rich set of 'Pythonic' functionality.
|
||||
|
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source: :source:`py/code/`
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|
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Contents of the library
|
||||
=======================
|
||||
|
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Every object in the :api:`py.code` library wraps a code Python object related
|
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to code objects, source code, frames and tracebacks: the :api:`py.code.Code`
|
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class wraps code objects, :api:`py.code.Source` source snippets,
|
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:api:`py.code.Traceback` exception tracebacks, :api:`py.code.Frame` frame
|
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objects (as found in e.g. tracebacks) and :api:`py.code.ExceptionInfo` the
|
||||
tuple provided by sys.exc_info() (containing exception and traceback
|
||||
information when an exception occurs). Also in the library is a helper function
|
||||
:api:`py.code.compile()` that provides the same functionality as Python's
|
||||
built-in 'compile()' function, but returns a wrapped code object.
|
||||
|
||||
The wrappers
|
||||
============
|
||||
|
||||
:api:`py.code.Code`
|
||||
-------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Code objects are instantiated with a code object or a callable as argument,
|
||||
and provide functionality to compare themselves with other Code objects, get to
|
||||
the source file or its contents, create new Code objects from scratch, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
A quick example::
|
||||
|
||||
>>> import py
|
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>>> c = py.code.Code(py.path.local.read)
|
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>>> c.path.basename
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'common.py'
|
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>>> isinstance(c.source(), py.code.Source)
|
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True
|
||||
>>> str(c.source()).split('\n')[0]
|
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"def read(self, mode='rb'):"
|
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|
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source: :source:`py/code/code.py`
|
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|
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:api:`py.code.Source`
|
||||
---------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Source objects wrap snippets of Python source code, providing a simple yet
|
||||
powerful interface to read, deindent, slice, compare, compile and manipulate
|
||||
them, things that are not so easy in core Python.
|
||||
|
||||
Example::
|
||||
|
||||
>>> s = py.code.Source("""\
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... def foo():
|
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... print "foo"
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... """)
|
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>>> str(s).startswith('def') # automatic de-indentation!
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True
|
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>>> s.isparseable()
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True
|
||||
>>> sub = s.getstatement(1) # get the statement starting at line 1
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>>> str(sub).strip() # XXX why is the strip() required?!?
|
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'print "foo"'
|
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|
||||
source: :source:`py/code/source.py`
|
||||
|
||||
:api:`py.code.Traceback`
|
||||
------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Tracebacks are usually not very easy to examine, you need to access certain
|
||||
somewhat hidden attributes of the traceback's items (resulting in expressions
|
||||
such as 'fname = tb.tb_next.tb_frame.f_code.co_filename'). The Traceback
|
||||
interface (and its TracebackItem children) tries to improve this.
|
||||
|
||||
Example::
|
||||
|
||||
>>> import sys
|
||||
>>> try:
|
||||
... py.path.local(100) # illegal argument
|
||||
... except:
|
||||
... exc, e, tb = sys.exc_info()
|
||||
>>> t = py.code.Traceback(tb)
|
||||
>>> first = t[1] # get the second entry (first is in this doc)
|
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>>> first.path.basename # second is in py/path/local.py
|
||||
'local.py'
|
||||
>>> isinstance(first.statement, py.code.Source)
|
||||
True
|
||||
>>> str(first.statement).strip().startswith('raise ValueError')
|
||||
True
|
||||
|
||||
source: :source:`py/code/traceback2.py`
|
||||
|
||||
:api:`py.code.Frame`
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Frame wrappers are used in :api:`py.code.Traceback` items, and will usually not
|
||||
directly be instantiated. They provide some nice methods to evaluate code
|
||||
'inside' the frame (using the frame's local variables), get to the underlying
|
||||
code (frames have a code attribute that points to a :api:`py.code.Code` object)
|
||||
and examine the arguments.
|
||||
|
||||
Example (using the 'first' TracebackItem instance created above)::
|
||||
|
||||
>>> frame = first.frame
|
||||
>>> isinstance(frame.code, py.code.Code)
|
||||
True
|
||||
>>> isinstance(frame.eval('self'), py.__.path.local.local.LocalPath)
|
||||
True
|
||||
>>> [namevalue[0] for namevalue in frame.getargs()]
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||||
['cls', 'path']
|
||||
|
||||
:api:`py.code.ExceptionInfo`
|
||||
----------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
A wrapper around the tuple returned by sys.exc_info() (will call sys.exc_info()
|
||||
itself if the tuple is not provided as an argument), provides some handy
|
||||
attributes to easily access the traceback and exception string.
|
||||
|
||||
Example::
|
||||
|
||||
>>> import sys
|
||||
>>> try:
|
||||
... foobar()
|
||||
... except:
|
||||
... excinfo = py.code.ExceptionInfo()
|
||||
>>> excinfo.typename
|
||||
'NameError'
|
||||
>>> isinstance(excinfo.traceback, py.code.Traceback)
|
||||
True
|
||||
>>> excinfo.exconly()
|
||||
"NameError: name 'foobar' is not defined"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
|
|||
=====================================================
|
||||
Coding Style for the Py lib and friendly applications
|
||||
=====================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Honour PEP 8: Style Guide for Python Code
|
||||
-----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
First of all, if you haven't already read it, read the `PEP 8
|
||||
Style Guide for Python Code`_ which, if in doubt, serves as
|
||||
the default coding-style for the py lib.
|
||||
|
||||
Documentation and Testing
|
||||
-------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
- generally we want to drive and interweave coding of
|
||||
documentation, tests and real code as much as possible.
|
||||
Without good documentation others may never know about
|
||||
your latest and greatest feature.
|
||||
|
||||
naming
|
||||
------
|
||||
|
||||
- directories, modules and namespaces are always **lowercase**
|
||||
|
||||
- classes and especially Exceptions are most often **CamelCase**
|
||||
|
||||
- types, i.e. very widely usable classes like the ``py.path``
|
||||
family are all lower case.
|
||||
|
||||
- never use plural names in directory and file names
|
||||
|
||||
- functions/methods are lowercase and ``_`` - separated if
|
||||
you really need to separate at all
|
||||
|
||||
- it's appreciated if you manage to name files in a directory
|
||||
so that tab-completion on the shell level is as easy as possible.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
committing
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
- adding features requires adding appropriate tests.
|
||||
|
||||
- bug fixes should be encoded in a test before being fixed.
|
||||
|
||||
- write telling log messages because several people
|
||||
will read your diffs, and we plan to have a search facility
|
||||
over the py lib's subversion repository.
|
||||
|
||||
- if you add ``.txt`` or ``.py`` files to the repository then
|
||||
please make sure you have ``svn:eol-style`` set to native.
|
||||
which allows checkin/checkout in native line-ending format.
|
||||
|
||||
Miscellaneous
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
|
||||
- Tests are the insurance that your code will be maintained
|
||||
further and survives major releases.
|
||||
|
||||
- Try to put the tests close to the tested code, don't
|
||||
overload directories with names.
|
||||
|
||||
- If you think of exporting new py lib APIs, discuss it first on the
|
||||
`py-dev mailing list`_ and possibly write a chapter in our
|
||||
`future_` book. Communication is considered a key here to make
|
||||
sure that the py lib develops in a consistent way.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`PEP 8 Style Guide for Python Code`: http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0008.html
|
||||
.. _`py-dev mailing list`: http://codespeak.net/mailman/listinfo/py-dev
|
||||
.. _`future`: future.html
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
|
|||
Contact and communication
|
||||
===================================
|
||||
|
||||
- **#pylib on irc.freenode.net**: you are welcome to lurk or ask questions!
|
||||
|
||||
- `py-dev developers list`_ development mailing list.
|
||||
|
||||
- `tetamap`_: Holger Krekel's blog, often about testing and py.test related news.
|
||||
|
||||
- `py-svn general commit mailing list`_ to follow all development commits.
|
||||
|
||||
- `development bug/feature tracker`_ this roundup instance serves to file bugs and track issues.
|
||||
(soon to be substitued by a google-code or other hosted one).
|
||||
|
||||
- `merlinux.eu`_ offers teaching and consulting services.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`merlinux.eu`: http://merlinux.eu
|
||||
|
||||
.. _future: future.html
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`get an account`:
|
||||
|
||||
.. _tetamap: http://tetamap.wordpress.com
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
..
|
||||
get an account on codespeak
|
||||
---------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
codespeak_ is where the subversion repository is hosted. If you know
|
||||
someone who is active on codespeak already or you are otherwise known in
|
||||
the community (see also: FOAF_) you will get access. But even if
|
||||
you are new to the python developer community please come to the IRC
|
||||
or the mailing list and ask questions, get involved.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _FOAF: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOAF
|
||||
.. _`coding style`: coding-style.html
|
||||
.. _us: http://codespeak.net/mailman/listinfo/py-dev
|
||||
.. _codespeak: http://codespeak.net/
|
||||
.. _`py-dev`:
|
||||
.. _`development mailing list`:
|
||||
.. _`py-dev developers list`: http://codespeak.net/mailman/listinfo/py-dev
|
||||
.. _`subversion commit mailing list`:
|
||||
.. _`py-svn`:
|
||||
.. _`py-svn general commit mailing list`: http://codespeak.net/mailman/listinfo/py-svn
|
||||
.. _`development bug/feature tracker`: https://codespeak.net/issue/py-dev/
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
|
|||
|
||||
Contents:
|
||||
|
||||
.. toctree::
|
||||
:maxdepth: 2
|
||||
:numbered:
|
||||
|
||||
test
|
||||
execnet
|
||||
path
|
||||
code
|
||||
bin
|
||||
xml
|
||||
io
|
||||
log
|
||||
misc
|
||||
why_py
|
||||
future
|
||||
coding-style
|
||||
download
|
||||
links
|
||||
contact
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* :ref:`genindex`
|
||||
* :ref:`modindex`
|
||||
* :ref:`search`
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
|
|||
==============
|
||||
Downloading
|
||||
==============
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
"easy_install py"
|
||||
===================================================
|
||||
|
||||
With a working `setuptools installation`_ you can install from the command line::
|
||||
|
||||
easy_install -U py
|
||||
|
||||
to get the latest release of the py lib. The ``-U`` switch
|
||||
will trigger an upgrade if you already have an older version installed.
|
||||
The py lib and its tools are expected to work well on Linux,
|
||||
Windows and OSX, Python versions 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6.
|
||||
|
||||
We provide binary eggs for Windows machines.
|
||||
|
||||
On other systems you need a working C-compiler in order to
|
||||
install the full py lib. If you don't have a compiler available
|
||||
you can still install the py lib but without greenlets - look
|
||||
below for the ``install_lib`` target.
|
||||
|
||||
**IMPORTANT NOTE**: if you are using Windows and have previous
|
||||
installations of the py lib on your system, please download
|
||||
and execute http://codespeak.net/svn/py/build/winpathclean.py
|
||||
This will check that no previous files are getting in the way.
|
||||
(Unfortunately we don't know about a way to execute this
|
||||
code automatically during the above install).
|
||||
|
||||
Installing on Debian or Fedora
|
||||
===================================
|
||||
|
||||
On Debian systems look for ``python-codespeak-lib``.
|
||||
*This package is probably outdated - if somebody
|
||||
can help with bringing this up to date,
|
||||
that would be very much appreciated.*
|
||||
|
||||
Dwayne Bailey has thankfully put together a Fedora `RPM`_.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`RPM`: http://translate.sourceforge.net/releases/testing/fedora/pylib-0.9.2-1.fc9.noarch.rpm
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`setuptools installation`: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Downloading a tar/zip archive and installing that
|
||||
===================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Go to the python package index (pypi) and download a tar or zip file:
|
||||
|
||||
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/py/
|
||||
|
||||
and unpack it to a directory, where you then type::
|
||||
|
||||
python setup.py install
|
||||
|
||||
If you don't have a working C-compiler you can do::
|
||||
|
||||
python setup.py install_lib
|
||||
|
||||
You will then not be able to use greenlets but otherwise
|
||||
``py.test`` and all tools and APIs are fine to use.
|
||||
|
||||
Installing from subversion / develop mode
|
||||
============================================
|
||||
|
||||
To follow development or help with fixing things
|
||||
for the next release, checkout the complete code
|
||||
and documentation source::
|
||||
|
||||
svn co http://codespeak.net/svn/py/release/0.9.x py-0.9.x
|
||||
|
||||
You can then issue::
|
||||
|
||||
python setup.py develop
|
||||
|
||||
in order to work with your checkout version.
|
||||
|
||||
other interesting svn checkout points::
|
||||
|
||||
http://codespeak.net/
|
||||
svn/py/release # release tags and branches
|
||||
svn/py/dist # latest stable (may or may not be a release)
|
||||
svn/py/trunk # head development / merge point
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Working with multiple py lib versions / svn externals
|
||||
=======================================================
|
||||
|
||||
If you happen to have multiple versions of the py lib
|
||||
around or you ship the py lib as an svn-external to
|
||||
then you might want to use py lib scripts more directly.
|
||||
For example if you have a project layout like this::
|
||||
|
||||
mypkg/
|
||||
subpkg1/
|
||||
tests/
|
||||
tests/
|
||||
py/ # as svn-external, could be specific tag/version
|
||||
|
||||
then you want to make sure that the actual local py lib is used
|
||||
and not another system-wide version. For this you need to add
|
||||
``py/bin`` or ``py\bin\win32`` respectively to your system's PATH settings.
|
||||
|
||||
You can do this by executing (on windows) a script to set the environment::
|
||||
|
||||
c:\\path\to\checkout\py\env.cmd
|
||||
|
||||
or on linux/osx you can add something like this to your shell
|
||||
initialization::
|
||||
|
||||
eval `python ~/path/to/checkout/py/env.py`
|
||||
|
||||
to get good settings for PYTHONPATH and PATH.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,235 +0,0 @@
|
|||
==========
|
||||
py.execnet
|
||||
==========
|
||||
|
||||
``py.execnet`` allows to:
|
||||
|
||||
* instantiate local or remote Python Processes
|
||||
* send code for execution in one or many processes
|
||||
* asynchronously send and receive data between processes through channels
|
||||
* completely avoid manual installation steps on remote places
|
||||
|
||||
Gateways: immediately spawn local or remote process
|
||||
===================================================
|
||||
|
||||
In order to send code to a remote place or a subprocess
|
||||
you need to instantiate a so-called Gateway object.
|
||||
There are currently three Gateway classes:
|
||||
|
||||
* :api:`py.execnet.PopenGateway` to open a subprocess
|
||||
on the local machine. Useful for making use
|
||||
of multiple processors to to contain code execution
|
||||
in a separated environment.
|
||||
|
||||
* :api:`py.execnet.SshGateway` to connect to
|
||||
a remote ssh server and distribute execution to it.
|
||||
|
||||
* :api:`py.execnet.SocketGateway` a way to connect to
|
||||
a remote Socket based server. *Note* that this method
|
||||
requires a manually started
|
||||
:source:py/execnet/script/socketserver.py
|
||||
script. You can run this "server script" without
|
||||
having the py lib installed on the remote system
|
||||
and you can setup it up as permanent service.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
remote_exec: execute source code remotely
|
||||
===================================================
|
||||
|
||||
All gateways offer remote code execution via this high level function::
|
||||
|
||||
def remote_exec(source):
|
||||
"""return channel object for communicating with the asynchronously
|
||||
executing 'source' code which will have a corresponding 'channel'
|
||||
object in its executing namespace."""
|
||||
|
||||
With `remote_exec` you send source code to the other
|
||||
side and get both a local and a remote Channel_ object,
|
||||
which you can use to have the local and remote site
|
||||
communicate data in a structured way. Here is
|
||||
an example for reading the PID::
|
||||
|
||||
>>> import py
|
||||
>>> gw = py.execnet.PopenGateway()
|
||||
>>> channel = gw.remote_exec("""
|
||||
... import os
|
||||
... channel.send(os.getpid())
|
||||
... """)
|
||||
>>> remote_pid = channel.receive()
|
||||
>>> remote_pid != py.std.os.getpid()
|
||||
True
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`Channel`:
|
||||
.. _`channel-api`:
|
||||
.. _`exchange data`:
|
||||
|
||||
Channels: bidirectionally exchange data between hosts
|
||||
===================================================
|
||||
|
||||
A channel object allows to send and receive data between
|
||||
two asynchronously running programs. When calling
|
||||
`remote_exec` you will get a channel object back and
|
||||
the code fragment running on the other side will
|
||||
see a channel object in its global namespace.
|
||||
|
||||
Here is the interface of channel objects::
|
||||
|
||||
#
|
||||
# API for sending and receiving anonymous values
|
||||
#
|
||||
channel.send(item):
|
||||
sends the given item to the other side of the channel,
|
||||
possibly blocking if the sender queue is full.
|
||||
Note that items need to be marshallable (all basic
|
||||
python types are).
|
||||
|
||||
channel.receive():
|
||||
receives an item that was sent from the other side,
|
||||
possibly blocking if there is none.
|
||||
Note that exceptions from the other side will be
|
||||
reraised as gateway.RemoteError exceptions containing
|
||||
a textual representation of the remote traceback.
|
||||
|
||||
channel.waitclose(timeout=None):
|
||||
wait until this channel is closed. Note that a closed
|
||||
channel may still hold items that will be received or
|
||||
send. Note that exceptions from the other side will be
|
||||
reraised as gateway.RemoteError exceptions containing
|
||||
a textual representation of the remote traceback.
|
||||
|
||||
channel.close():
|
||||
close this channel on both the local and the remote side.
|
||||
A remote side blocking on receive() on this channel
|
||||
will get woken up and see an EOFError exception.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _xspec:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
XSpec: string specification for gateway type and configuration
|
||||
===============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
``py.execnet`` supports a simple extensible format for
|
||||
specifying and configuring Gateways for remote execution.
|
||||
You can use a string specification to instantiate a new gateway,
|
||||
for example a new SshGateway::
|
||||
|
||||
gateway = py.execnet.makegateway("ssh=myhost")
|
||||
|
||||
Let's look at some examples for valid specifications.
|
||||
Specification for an ssh connection to `wyvern`, running on python2.4 in the (newly created) 'mycache' subdirectory::
|
||||
|
||||
ssh=wyvern//python=python2.4//chdir=mycache
|
||||
|
||||
Specification of a python2.5 subprocess; with a low CPU priority ("nice" level). Current dir will be the current dir of the instantiator (that's true for all 'popen' specifications unless they specify 'chdir')::
|
||||
|
||||
popen//python=2.5//nice=20
|
||||
|
||||
Specification of a Python Socket server process that listens on 192.168.1.4:8888; current dir will be the 'pyexecnet-cache' sub directory which is used a default for all remote processes::
|
||||
|
||||
socket=192.168.1.4:8888
|
||||
|
||||
More generally, a specification string has this general format::
|
||||
|
||||
key1=value1//key2=value2//key3=value3
|
||||
|
||||
If you omit a value, a boolean true value is assumed. Currently
|
||||
the following key/values are supported:
|
||||
|
||||
* ``popen`` for a PopenGateway
|
||||
* ``ssh=host`` for a SshGateway
|
||||
* ``socket=address:port`` for a SocketGateway
|
||||
* ``python=executable`` for specifying Python executables
|
||||
* ``chdir=path`` change remote working dir to given relative or absolute path
|
||||
* ``nice=value`` decrease remote nice level if platforms supports it
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Examples of py.execnet usage
|
||||
===============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Compare cwd() of Popen Gateways
|
||||
----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
A PopenGateway has the same working directory as the instantiatior::
|
||||
|
||||
>>> import py, os
|
||||
>>> gw = py.execnet.PopenGateway()
|
||||
>>> ch = gw.remote_exec("import os; channel.send(os.getcwd())")
|
||||
>>> res = ch.receive()
|
||||
>>> assert res == os.getcwd()
|
||||
>>> gw.exit()
|
||||
|
||||
Synchronously receive results from two sub processes
|
||||
-----------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Use MultiChannels for receiving multiple results from remote code::
|
||||
|
||||
>>> import py
|
||||
>>> ch1 = py.execnet.PopenGateway().remote_exec("channel.send(1)")
|
||||
>>> ch2 = py.execnet.PopenGateway().remote_exec("channel.send(2)")
|
||||
>>> mch = py.execnet.MultiChannel([ch1, ch2])
|
||||
>>> l = mch.receive_each()
|
||||
>>> assert len(l) == 2
|
||||
>>> assert 1 in l
|
||||
>>> assert 2 in l
|
||||
|
||||
Asynchronously receive results from two sub processes
|
||||
-----------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Use ``MultiChannel.make_receive_queue()`` for asynchronously receiving
|
||||
multiple results from remote code. This standard Queue provides
|
||||
``(channel, result)`` tuples which allows to determine where
|
||||
a result comes from::
|
||||
|
||||
>>> import py
|
||||
>>> ch1 = py.execnet.PopenGateway().remote_exec("channel.send(1)")
|
||||
>>> ch2 = py.execnet.PopenGateway().remote_exec("channel.send(2)")
|
||||
>>> mch = py.execnet.MultiChannel([ch1, ch2])
|
||||
>>> queue = mch.make_receive_queue()
|
||||
>>> chan1, res1 = queue.get() # you may also specify a timeout
|
||||
>>> chan2, res2 = queue.get()
|
||||
>>> res1 + res2
|
||||
3
|
||||
>>> assert chan1 in (ch1, ch2)
|
||||
>>> assert chan2 in (ch1, ch2)
|
||||
>>> assert chan1 != chan2
|
||||
|
||||
Receive file contents from remote SSH account
|
||||
-----------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Here is a small program that you can use to retrieve
|
||||
contents of remote files::
|
||||
|
||||
import py
|
||||
# open a gateway to a fresh child process
|
||||
gw = py.execnet.SshGateway('codespeak.net')
|
||||
channel = gw.remote_exec("""
|
||||
for fn in channel:
|
||||
f = open(fn, 'rb')
|
||||
channel.send(f.read())
|
||||
f.close()
|
||||
""")
|
||||
|
||||
for fn in somefilelist:
|
||||
channel.send(fn)
|
||||
content = channel.receive()
|
||||
# process content
|
||||
|
||||
# later you can exit / close down the gateway
|
||||
gw.exit()
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Instantiate a socket server in a new subprocess
|
||||
-----------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The following example opens a PopenGateway, i.e. a python
|
||||
child process, and starts a socket server within that process
|
||||
and then opens a second gateway to the freshly started
|
||||
socketserver::
|
||||
|
||||
import py
|
||||
|
||||
popengw = py.execnet.PopenGateway()
|
||||
socketgw = py.execnet.SocketGateway.new_remote(popengw, ("127.0.0.1", 0))
|
||||
|
||||
print socketgw._rinfo() # print some info about the remote environment
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,145 +0,0 @@
|
|||
=======================================================
|
||||
Visions and ideas for further development of the py lib
|
||||
=======================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
This document tries to describe directions and guiding ideas
|
||||
for the near-future development of the py lib. *Note that all
|
||||
statements within this document - even if they sound factual -
|
||||
mostly just express thoughts and ideas. They not always refer to
|
||||
real code so read with some caution.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Distribute tests ad-hoc across multiple platforms
|
||||
======================================================
|
||||
|
||||
After some more refactoring and unification of
|
||||
the current testing and distribution support code
|
||||
we'd like to be able to run tests on multiple
|
||||
platforms simultanously and allow for interaction
|
||||
and introspection into the (remote) failures.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Make APIGEN useful for more projects
|
||||
================================================
|
||||
|
||||
The new APIGEN tool offers rich information
|
||||
derived from running tests against an application:
|
||||
argument types and callsites, i.e. it shows
|
||||
the places where a particular API is used.
|
||||
In its first incarnation, there are still
|
||||
some specialties that likely prevent it
|
||||
from documenting APIs for other projects.
|
||||
We'd like to evolve to a `py.apigen` tool
|
||||
that can make use of information provided
|
||||
by a py.test run.
|
||||
|
||||
Consider APIGEN and pdb integration
|
||||
===================================
|
||||
|
||||
The information provided by APIGEN can be used in many
|
||||
different ways. An example of this could be to write
|
||||
an extension to pdb which makes it available.
|
||||
Imagine you could issue a pdb command
|
||||
"info <function name>" and get information
|
||||
regarding incoming, and outgoing types, possible
|
||||
exceptions, field types and call sites.
|
||||
|
||||
Distribute channels/programs across networks
|
||||
================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Apart from stabilizing setup/teardown procedures
|
||||
for `py.execnet`_, we'd like to generalize its
|
||||
implementation to allow connecting two programs
|
||||
across multiple hosts, i.e. we'd like to arbitrarily
|
||||
send "channels" across the network. Likely this
|
||||
will be done by using the "pipe" model, i.e.
|
||||
that each channel is actually a pair of endpoints,
|
||||
both of which can be independently transported
|
||||
across the network. The programs who "own"
|
||||
these endpoints remain connected.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`py.execnet`: execnet.html
|
||||
|
||||
Benchmarking and persistent storage
|
||||
=========================================
|
||||
|
||||
For storing test results, but also benchmarking
|
||||
and other information, we need a solid way
|
||||
to store all kinds of information from test runs.
|
||||
We'd like to generate statistics or html-overview
|
||||
out of it, but also use such information to determine when
|
||||
a certain test broke, or when its performance
|
||||
decreased considerably.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`restructured text`: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/user/rst/quickref.html
|
||||
.. _`python standard library`: http://www.python.org/doc/2.3.4/lib/lib.html
|
||||
.. _`xpython EuroPython 2004 talk`: http://codespeak.net/svn/user/hpk/talks/xpython-talk.txt
|
||||
.. _`under the xpy tree`: http://codespeak.net/svn/user/hpk/xpy/xml.py
|
||||
.. _`future book`: future.html
|
||||
.. _`PEP-324 subprocess module`: http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0324.html
|
||||
.. _`subprocess implementation`: http://www.lysator.liu.se/~astrand/popen5/
|
||||
.. _`py.test`: test.html
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`general-path`:
|
||||
.. _`a more general view on path objects`:
|
||||
|
||||
Refactor path implementations to use a Filesystem Abstraction
|
||||
=============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
It seems like a good idea to refactor all `py.path`_ Path implementations to
|
||||
use an internal Filesystem abstraction. The current code base
|
||||
would be transformed to have Filesystem implementations for e.g.
|
||||
local, subversion and subversion "working copy" filesystems. Today
|
||||
the according code is scattered through path-handling code.
|
||||
|
||||
On a related note, Armin Rigo has hacked `pylufs`_ and more recently has
|
||||
written `pyfuse`_ which allow to
|
||||
implement kernel-level linux filesystems with pure python. Now
|
||||
the idea is that the mentioned filesystem implementations would
|
||||
be directly usable for such linux-filesystem glue code.
|
||||
|
||||
In other words, implementing a `memoryfs`_ or a `dictfs`_ would
|
||||
give you two things for free: a filesystem mountable at kernel level
|
||||
as well as a uniform "path" object allowing you to access your
|
||||
filesystem in convenient ways.
|
||||
|
||||
Also interesting to check out is Will McGugan's work on
|
||||
his `fs package`_.
|
||||
|
||||
I think the main question is what the very fundamental
|
||||
filesystem API should look like. Here are some doctests
|
||||
on how a `draft py.fs`_ could look like. There also
|
||||
is Matthew Scotts `dictproxy patch`_ which adds
|
||||
``py.path.dict`` and ``py.path.proxy``.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`dictproxy patch`: http://codespeak.net/pipermail/py-dev/attachments/20050128/d9595512/virtual1-0001.bin
|
||||
.. _`draft py.fs`: draft_pyfs
|
||||
.. _`py.path`: http://codespeak.net/py/dist/path.html
|
||||
.. _`fs package`: http://www.willmcgugan.com/2008/09/21/announcing-fs-010-a-python-file-system/#comment-60276
|
||||
.. _`memoryfs`: http://codespeak.net/svn/user/arigo/hack/pyfuse/memoryfs.py
|
||||
.. _`dictfs`: http://codespeak.net/pipermail/py-dev/2005-January/000191.html
|
||||
.. _`pylufs`: http://codespeak.net/svn/user/arigo/hack/pylufs/
|
||||
.. _`pyfuse`: http://codespeak.net/svn/user/arigo/hack/pyfuse/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Integrate interactive completion
|
||||
==================================
|
||||
|
||||
It'd be nice to integrate the bash-like
|
||||
rlcompleter2_ python command line completer
|
||||
into the py lib, and making it work remotely
|
||||
and with pdb.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _rlcompleter2: http://codespeak.net/rlcompleter2/
|
||||
|
||||
Consider more features
|
||||
==================================
|
||||
|
||||
There are many more features and useful classes
|
||||
that might be nice to integrate. For example, we might put
|
||||
Armin's `lazy list`_ implementation into the py lib.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`lazy list`: http://codespeak.net/svn/user/arigo/hack/misc/collect.py
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,250 +0,0 @@
|
|||
===============================================
|
||||
Implementation and Customization of ``py.test``
|
||||
===============================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`basicpicture`:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Collecting and running tests / implementation remarks
|
||||
======================================================
|
||||
|
||||
In order to customize ``py.test`` it's good to understand
|
||||
its basic architure (WARNING: these are not guaranteed
|
||||
yet to stay the way they are now!)::
|
||||
|
||||
___________________
|
||||
| |
|
||||
| Collector |
|
||||
|___________________|
|
||||
/ \
|
||||
| Item.run()
|
||||
| ^
|
||||
receive test Items /
|
||||
| /execute test Item
|
||||
| /
|
||||
___________________/
|
||||
| |
|
||||
| Session |
|
||||
|___________________|
|
||||
|
||||
.............................
|
||||
. conftest.py configuration .
|
||||
. cmdline options .
|
||||
.............................
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The *Session* basically receives test *Items* from a *Collector*,
|
||||
and executes them via the ``Item.run()`` method. It monitors
|
||||
the outcome of the test and reports about failures and successes.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`collection process`:
|
||||
|
||||
Collectors and the test collection process
|
||||
------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The collecting process is iterative, i.e. the session
|
||||
traverses and generates a *collector tree*. Here is an example of such
|
||||
a tree, generated with the command ``py.test --collectonly py/xmlobj``::
|
||||
|
||||
<Directory 'xmlobj'>
|
||||
<Directory 'testing'>
|
||||
<Module 'test_html.py' (py.__.xmlobj.testing.test_html)>
|
||||
<Function 'test_html_name_stickyness'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_stylenames'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_class_None'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_alternating_style'>
|
||||
<Module 'test_xml.py' (py.__.xmlobj.testing.test_xml)>
|
||||
<Function 'test_tag_with_text'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_class_identity'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_tag_with_text_and_attributes'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_tag_with_subclassed_attr_simple'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_tag_nested'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_tag_xmlname'>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
By default all directories not starting with a dot are traversed,
|
||||
looking for ``test_*.py`` and ``*_test.py`` files. Those files
|
||||
are imported under their `package name`_.
|
||||
|
||||
The Module collector looks for test functions
|
||||
and test classes and methods. Test functions and methods
|
||||
are prefixed ``test`` by default. Test classes must
|
||||
start with a capitalized ``Test`` prefix.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`collector API`:
|
||||
|
||||
test items are collectors as well
|
||||
---------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
To make the reporting life simple for the session object
|
||||
items offer a ``run()`` method as well. In fact the session
|
||||
distinguishes "collectors" from "items" solely by interpreting
|
||||
their return value. If it is a list, then we recurse into
|
||||
it, otherwise we consider the "test" as passed.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`package name`:
|
||||
|
||||
constructing the package name for test modules
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Test modules are imported under their fully qualified
|
||||
name. Given a filesystem ``fspath`` it is constructed as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
* walk the directories up to the last one that contains
|
||||
an ``__init__.py`` file.
|
||||
|
||||
* perform ``sys.path.insert(0, basedir)``.
|
||||
|
||||
* import the root package as ``root``
|
||||
|
||||
* determine the fully qualified name for ``fspath`` by either:
|
||||
|
||||
* calling ``root.__pkg__.getimportname(fspath)`` if the
|
||||
``__pkg__`` exists.` or
|
||||
|
||||
* otherwise use the relative path of the module path to
|
||||
the base dir and turn slashes into dots and strike
|
||||
the trailing ``.py``.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Customizing the testing process
|
||||
===============================
|
||||
|
||||
writing conftest.py files
|
||||
-----------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
You may put conftest.py files containing project-specific
|
||||
configuration in your project's root directory, it's usually
|
||||
best to put it just into the same directory level as your
|
||||
topmost ``__init__.py``. In fact, ``py.test`` performs
|
||||
an "upwards" search starting from the directory that you specify
|
||||
to be tested and will lookup configuration values right-to-left.
|
||||
You may have options that reside e.g. in your home directory
|
||||
but note that project specific settings will be considered
|
||||
first. There is a flag that helps you debugging your
|
||||
conftest.py configurations::
|
||||
|
||||
py.test --traceconfig
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
customizing the collecting and running process
|
||||
-----------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
To introduce different test items you can create
|
||||
one or more ``conftest.py`` files in your project.
|
||||
When the collection process traverses directories
|
||||
and modules the default collectors will produce
|
||||
custom Collectors and Items if they are found
|
||||
in a local ``conftest.py`` file.
|
||||
|
||||
example: perform additional ReST checks
|
||||
.......................................
|
||||
|
||||
With your custom collectors or items you can completely
|
||||
derive from the standard way of collecting and running
|
||||
tests in a localized manner. Let's look at an example.
|
||||
If you invoke ``py.test --collectonly py/documentation``
|
||||
then you get::
|
||||
|
||||
<DocDirectory 'documentation'>
|
||||
<DocDirectory 'example'>
|
||||
<DocDirectory 'pytest'>
|
||||
<Module 'test_setup_flow_example.py' (test_setup_flow_example)>
|
||||
<Class 'TestStateFullThing'>
|
||||
<Instance '()'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_42'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_23'>
|
||||
<ReSTChecker 'TODO.txt'>
|
||||
<ReSTSyntaxTest 'TODO.txt'>
|
||||
<LinkCheckerMaker 'checklinks'>
|
||||
<ReSTChecker 'api.txt'>
|
||||
<ReSTSyntaxTest 'api.txt'>
|
||||
<LinkCheckerMaker 'checklinks'>
|
||||
<CheckLink 'getting-started.html'>
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
In ``py/documentation/conftest.py`` you find the following
|
||||
customization::
|
||||
|
||||
class DocDirectory(py.test.collect.Directory):
|
||||
|
||||
def run(self):
|
||||
results = super(DocDirectory, self).run()
|
||||
for x in self.fspath.listdir('*.txt', sort=True):
|
||||
results.append(x.basename)
|
||||
return results
|
||||
|
||||
def join(self, name):
|
||||
if not name.endswith('.txt'):
|
||||
return super(DocDirectory, self).join(name)
|
||||
p = self.fspath.join(name)
|
||||
if p.check(file=1):
|
||||
return ReSTChecker(p, parent=self)
|
||||
|
||||
Directory = DocDirectory
|
||||
|
||||
The existence of the 'Directory' name in the
|
||||
``pypy/documentation/conftest.py`` module makes the collection
|
||||
process defer to our custom "DocDirectory" collector. We extend
|
||||
the set of collected test items by ``ReSTChecker`` instances
|
||||
which themselves create ``ReSTSyntaxTest`` and ``LinkCheckerMaker``
|
||||
items. All of this instances (need to) follow the `collector API`_.
|
||||
|
||||
Customizing the reporting of Test Failures
|
||||
--------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
XXX implement Item.repr_run and Item.repr_path for your test items
|
||||
|
||||
Writing new assertion methods
|
||||
-------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
XXX __tracebackhide__, and use "print"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Customizing the collection process in a module
|
||||
----------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
REPEATED WARNING: details of the collection and running process are
|
||||
still subject to refactorings and thus details will change.
|
||||
If you are customizing py.test at "Item" level then you
|
||||
definitely want to be subscribed to the `py-dev mailing list`_
|
||||
to follow ongoing development.
|
||||
|
||||
If you have a module where you want to take responsibility for
|
||||
collecting your own test Items and possibly even for executing
|
||||
a test then you can provide `generative tests`_ that yield
|
||||
callables and possibly arguments as a tuple. This is especially
|
||||
useful for calling application test machinery with different
|
||||
parameter sets but counting each of the calls as a separate
|
||||
tests.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`generative tests`: test-features.html#generative-tests
|
||||
|
||||
The other extension possibility is about
|
||||
specifying a custom test ``Item`` class which
|
||||
is responsible for setting up and executing an underlying
|
||||
test. Or you can extend the collection process for a whole
|
||||
directory tree by putting Items in a ``conftest.py`` configuration file.
|
||||
The collection process dynamically consults the *chain of conftest.py*
|
||||
modules to determine collectors and items at ``Directory``, ``Module``,
|
||||
``Class``, ``Function`` or ``Generator`` level respectively.
|
||||
|
||||
Customizing execution of Functions
|
||||
----------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
- ``py.test.collect.Function`` test items control execution
|
||||
of a test function. ``function.run()`` will get called by the
|
||||
session in order to actually run a test. The method is responsible
|
||||
for performing proper setup/teardown ("Test Fixtures") for a
|
||||
Function test.
|
||||
|
||||
- ``Function.execute(target, *args)`` methods are invoked by
|
||||
the default ``Function.run()`` to actually execute a python
|
||||
function with the given (usually empty set of) arguments.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`py-dev mailing list`: http://codespeak.net/mailman/listinfo/py-dev
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
|
|||
py lib: Main tools and APIs
|
||||
===================================
|
||||
|
||||
`py.test`_ write and deploy unit- and functional tests to multiple machines.
|
||||
|
||||
`py.execnet`_ rapidly deploy local or remote processes from your program.
|
||||
|
||||
`py.path`_: use path objects to transparently access local and svn filesystems.
|
||||
|
||||
`py.code`_: generate python code and use advanced introspection/traceback support.
|
||||
|
||||
Minor support functionality
|
||||
===================================
|
||||
|
||||
`py lib scripts`_ to make python development easier.
|
||||
|
||||
`py.xml`_ for generating in-memory xml/html object trees
|
||||
|
||||
`py.io`_: Helper Classes for Capturing of Input/Output
|
||||
|
||||
`py.log`_: an alpha document about the ad-hoc logging facilities
|
||||
|
||||
`miscellaneous features`_ describes some small but nice py lib features.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`download and installation`: download.html
|
||||
.. _`py-dev at codespeak net`: http://codespeak.net/mailman/listinfo/py-dev
|
||||
.. _`py.execnet`: execnet.html
|
||||
.. _`py.log`: log.html
|
||||
.. _`py.io`: io.html
|
||||
.. _`py.path`: path.html
|
||||
.. _`py.code`: code.html
|
||||
.. _`py.test`: test.html
|
||||
.. _`py lib scripts`: bin.html
|
||||
.. _`py.xml`: xml.html
|
||||
.. _`Why What how py?`: why_py.html
|
||||
.. _`future`: future.html
|
||||
.. _`miscellaneous features`: misc.html
|
||||
.. _`0.9.2 release announcement`: release-0.9.2.html
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Full Contents
|
||||
===================================
|
||||
|
||||
.. toctree::
|
||||
:maxdepth: 2
|
||||
:numbered:
|
||||
|
||||
test
|
||||
execnet
|
||||
path
|
||||
code
|
||||
bin
|
||||
xml
|
||||
io
|
||||
log
|
||||
misc
|
||||
why_py
|
||||
future
|
||||
coding-style
|
||||
links
|
||||
contact
|
||||
download
|
||||
releases
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* :ref:`genindex`
|
||||
* :ref:`modindex`
|
||||
* :ref:`search`
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
|
|||
=======
|
||||
py.io
|
||||
=======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The 'py' lib provides helper classes for capturing IO during
|
||||
execution of a program.
|
||||
|
||||
IO Capturing examples
|
||||
===============================================
|
||||
|
||||
:api:`py.io.StdCapture`
|
||||
---------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Basic Example:
|
||||
|
||||
>>> import py
|
||||
>>> capture = py.io.StdCapture()
|
||||
>>> print "hello"
|
||||
>>> out,err = capture.reset()
|
||||
>>> out.strip() == "hello"
|
||||
True
|
||||
|
||||
For calling functions you may use a shortcut:
|
||||
|
||||
>>> import py
|
||||
>>> def f(): print "hello"
|
||||
>>> res, out, err = py.io.StdCapture.call(f)
|
||||
>>> out.strip() == "hello"
|
||||
True
|
||||
|
||||
:api:`py.io.StdCaptureFD`
|
||||
---------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
If you also want to capture writes to the stdout/stderr
|
||||
filedescriptors you may invoke:
|
||||
|
||||
>>> import py, sys
|
||||
>>> capture = py.io.StdCaptureFD()
|
||||
>>> sys.stderr.write("world")
|
||||
>>> out,err = capture.reset()
|
||||
>>> err
|
||||
'world'
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
|
|||
|
||||
=====
|
||||
Links
|
||||
=====
|
||||
|
||||
Some links to ongoing discussions and comments about pylib and technics/concepts pylib uses.
|
||||
|
||||
* `Discussion <http://blog.ianbicking.org/site-packages-considered-harmful.html>`_
|
||||
about site-packages. That's why pylib autopath and py.__.misc.dynpkg are a good idea ;-)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* `Pyinotify <http://pyinotify.sourceforge.net/>`_ uses code from pypy autopath functions.
|
||||
|
||||
* `Testing (WSGI) Applications with Paste <http://pythonpaste.org/testing-applications.html#the-test-environment>`_ and py.test. "This has been written with py.test in mind." Paste uses py.test.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* `Agile Testing <http://agiletesting.blogspot.com/>`_ by Grig Gheorghiu
|
||||
|
||||
* `Slides from 'py library overview' presentation at SoCal Piggies meeting
|
||||
<http://agiletesting.blogspot.com/2005/07/slides-from-py-library-overview.html>`_
|
||||
|
||||
* `Python unit testing part 3: the py.test tool and library
|
||||
<http://agiletesting.blogspot.com/2005/01/python-unit-testing-part-3-pytest-tool.html>`_
|
||||
|
||||
* `greenlets and py.xml
|
||||
<http://agiletesting.blogspot.com/2005/07/py-lib-gems-greenlets-and-pyxml.html>`_
|
||||
|
||||
* `Keyword-based logging with the py library
|
||||
<http://agiletesting.blogspot.com/2005/06/keyword-based-logging-with-py-library.html>`_
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,208 +0,0 @@
|
|||
.. role:: code(literal)
|
||||
.. role:: file(literal)
|
||||
|
||||
.. XXX figure out how the code literals should be dealt with in sphinx. There is probably something builtin.
|
||||
|
||||
========================================
|
||||
py.log documentation and musings
|
||||
========================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Foreword
|
||||
========
|
||||
|
||||
This document is an attempt to briefly state the actual specification of the
|
||||
:code:`py.log` module. It was written by Francois Pinard and also contains
|
||||
some ideas for enhancing the py.log facilities.
|
||||
|
||||
NOTE that :code:`py.log` is subject to refactorings, it may change with
|
||||
the next release.
|
||||
|
||||
This document is meant to trigger or facilitate discussions. It shamelessly
|
||||
steals from the `Agile Testing`__ comments, and from other sources as well,
|
||||
without really trying to sort them out.
|
||||
|
||||
__ http://agiletesting.blogspot.com/2005/06/keyword-based-logging-with-py-library.html
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Logging organisation
|
||||
====================
|
||||
|
||||
The :code:`py.log` module aims a niche comparable to the one of the
|
||||
`logging module`__ found within the standard Python distributions, yet
|
||||
with much simpler paradigms for configuration and usage.
|
||||
|
||||
__ http://www.python.org/doc/2.4.2/lib/module-logging.html
|
||||
|
||||
Holger Krekel, the main :code:`py` library developer, introduced
|
||||
the idea of keyword-based logging and the idea of logging *producers* and
|
||||
*consumers*. A log producer is an object used by the application code
|
||||
to send messages to various log consumers. When you create a log
|
||||
producer, you define a set of keywords that are then used to both route
|
||||
the logging messages to consumers, and to prefix those messages.
|
||||
|
||||
In fact, each log producer has a few keywords associated with it for
|
||||
identification purposes. These keywords form a tuple of strings, and
|
||||
may be used to later retrieve a particular log producer.
|
||||
|
||||
A log producer may (or may not) be associated with a log consumer, meant
|
||||
to handle log messages in particular ways. The log consumers can be
|
||||
``STDOUT``, ``STDERR``, log files, syslog, the Windows Event Log, user
|
||||
defined functions, etc. (Yet, logging to syslog or to the Windows Event
|
||||
Log is only future plans for now). A log producer has never more than
|
||||
one consumer at a given time, but it is possible to dynamically switch
|
||||
a producer to use another consumer. On the other hand, a single log
|
||||
consumer may be associated with many producers.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that creating and associating a producer and a consumer is done
|
||||
automatically when not otherwise overriden, so using :code:`py` logging
|
||||
is quite comfortable even in the smallest programs. More typically,
|
||||
the application programmer will likely design a hierarchy of producers,
|
||||
and will select keywords appropriately for marking the hierarchy tree.
|
||||
If a node of the hierarchical tree of producers has to be divided in
|
||||
sub-trees, all producers in the sub-trees share, as a common prefix, the
|
||||
keywords of the node being divided. In other words, we go further down
|
||||
in the hierarchy of producers merely by adding keywords.
|
||||
|
||||
Using the py.log library
|
||||
================================
|
||||
|
||||
To use the :code:`py.log` library, the user must import it into a Python
|
||||
application, create at least one log producer and one log consumer, have
|
||||
producers and consumers associated, and finally call the log producers
|
||||
as needed, giving them log messages.
|
||||
|
||||
Importing
|
||||
---------
|
||||
|
||||
Once the :code:`py` library is installed on your system, a mere::
|
||||
|
||||
import py
|
||||
|
||||
holds enough magic for lazily importing the various facilities of the
|
||||
:code:`py` library when they are first needed. This is really how
|
||||
:code:`py.log` is made available to the application. For example, after
|
||||
the above ``import py``, one may directly write ``py.log.Producer(...)``
|
||||
and everything should work fine, the user does not have to worry about
|
||||
specifically importing more modules.
|
||||
|
||||
Creating a producer
|
||||
-------------------
|
||||
|
||||
There are three ways for creating a log producer instance:
|
||||
|
||||
+ As soon as ``py.log`` is first evaluated within an application
|
||||
program, a default log producer is created, and made available under
|
||||
the name ``py.log.default``. The keyword ``default`` is associated
|
||||
with that producer.
|
||||
|
||||
+ The ``py.log.Producer()`` constructor may be explicitly called
|
||||
for creating a new instance of a log producer. That constructor
|
||||
accepts, as an argument, the keywords that should be associated with
|
||||
that producer. Keywords may be given either as a tuple of keyword
|
||||
strings, or as a single space-separated string of keywords.
|
||||
|
||||
+ Whenever an attribute is *taken* out of a log producer instance,
|
||||
for the first time that attribute is taken, a new log producer is
|
||||
created. The keywords associated with that new producer are those
|
||||
of the initial producer instance, to which is appended the name of
|
||||
the attribute being taken.
|
||||
|
||||
The last point is especially useful, as it allows using log producers
|
||||
without further declarations, merely creating them *on-the-fly*.
|
||||
|
||||
Creating a consumer
|
||||
-------------------
|
||||
|
||||
There are many ways for creating or denoting a log consumer:
|
||||
|
||||
+ A default consumer exists within the ``py.log`` facilities, which
|
||||
has the effect of writing log messages on the Python standard output
|
||||
stream. That consumer is associated at the very top of the producer
|
||||
hierarchy, and as such, is called whenever no other consumer is
|
||||
found.
|
||||
|
||||
+ The notation ``py.log.STDOUT`` accesses a log consumer which writes
|
||||
log messages on the Python standard output stream.
|
||||
|
||||
+ The notation ``py.log.STDERR`` accesses a log consumer which writes
|
||||
log messages on the Python standard error stream.
|
||||
|
||||
+ The ``py.log.File()`` constructor accepts, as argument, either a file
|
||||
already opened in write mode or any similar file-like object, and
|
||||
creates a log consumer able to write log messages onto that file.
|
||||
|
||||
+ The ``py.log.Path()`` constructor accepts a file name for its first
|
||||
argument, and creates a log consumer able to write log messages into
|
||||
that file. The constructor call accepts a few keyword parameters:
|
||||
|
||||
+ ``append``, which is ``False`` by default, may be used for
|
||||
opening the file in append mode instead of write mode.
|
||||
|
||||
+ ``delayed_create``, which is ``False`` by default, maybe be used
|
||||
for opening the file at the latest possible time. Consequently,
|
||||
the file will not be created if it did not exist, and no actual
|
||||
log message gets written to it.
|
||||
|
||||
+ ``buffering``, which is 1 by default, is used when opening the
|
||||
file. Buffering can be turned off by specifying a 0 value. The
|
||||
buffer size may also be selected through this argument.
|
||||
|
||||
+ Any user defined function may be used for a log consumer. Such a
|
||||
function should accept a single argument, which is the message to
|
||||
write, and do whatever is deemed appropriate by the programmer.
|
||||
When the need arises, this may be an especially useful and flexible
|
||||
feature.
|
||||
|
||||
+ The special value ``None`` means no consumer at all. This acts just
|
||||
like if there was a consumer which would silently discard all log
|
||||
messages sent to it.
|
||||
|
||||
Associating producers and consumers
|
||||
-----------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Each log producer may have at most one log consumer associated with
|
||||
it. A log producer gets associated with a log consumer through a
|
||||
``py.log.set_consumer()`` call. That function accepts two arguments,
|
||||
the first identifying a producer (a tuple of keyword strings or a single
|
||||
space-separated string of keywords), the second specifying the precise
|
||||
consumer to use for that producer. Until this function is called for a
|
||||
producer, that producer does not have any explicit consumer associated
|
||||
with it.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, the hierarchy of log producers establishes which consumer gets used
|
||||
whenever a producer has no explicit consumer. When a log producer
|
||||
has no consumer explicitly associated with it, it dynamically and
|
||||
recursively inherits the consumer of its parent node, that is, that node
|
||||
being a bit closer to the root of the hierarchy. In other words, the
|
||||
rightmost keywords of that producer are dropped until another producer
|
||||
is found which has an explicit consumer. A nice side-effect is that,
|
||||
by explicitly associating a consumer with a producer, all consumer-less
|
||||
producers which appear under that producer, in the hierarchy tree,
|
||||
automatically *inherits* that consumer.
|
||||
|
||||
Writing log messages
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
|
||||
All log producer instances are also functions, and this is by calling
|
||||
them that log messages are generated. Each call to a producer object
|
||||
produces the text for one log entry, which in turn, is sent to the log
|
||||
consumer for that producer.
|
||||
|
||||
The log entry displays, after a prefix identifying the log producer
|
||||
being used, all arguments given in the call, converted to strings and
|
||||
space-separated. (This is meant by design to be fairly similar to what
|
||||
the ``print`` statement does in Python). The prefix itself is made up
|
||||
of a colon-separated list of keywords associated with the producer, the
|
||||
whole being set within square brackets.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that the consumer is responsible for adding the newline at the end
|
||||
of the log entry. That final newline is not part of the text for the
|
||||
log entry.
|
||||
|
||||
.. Other details
|
||||
.. -------------
|
||||
.. XXX: fill in details
|
||||
.. + Should speak about pickle-ability of :code:`py.log`.
|
||||
..
|
||||
.. + What is :code:`log.get` (in :file:`logger.py`)?
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,216 +0,0 @@
|
|||
====================================
|
||||
Miscellaneous features of the py lib
|
||||
====================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Mapping the standard python library into py
|
||||
===========================================
|
||||
|
||||
Warning: This feature is very young and thus experimental.
|
||||
Be prepared to adapt your code later if you use it.
|
||||
|
||||
After you have worked with the py lib a bit, you might enjoy
|
||||
the lazy importing, i.e. you only have to do ``import py`` and
|
||||
work your way to your desired object. Using the full path
|
||||
also ensures that there remains a focus on getting short paths
|
||||
to objects.
|
||||
|
||||
The :api:`py.std` hook
|
||||
----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, no matter what, everybody will continue to use the
|
||||
python standard library because it is a very usable code base.
|
||||
However, to properly support lazyness the py lib offers a way
|
||||
to get to many standard modules without requiring "import"
|
||||
statements. For example, to get to the print-exception
|
||||
functionality of the standard library you can write::
|
||||
|
||||
py.std.traceback.print_exc()
|
||||
|
||||
without having to do anything else than the usual ``import py``
|
||||
at the beginning. Note that not having imports for the
|
||||
`python standard library` obviously gets rid of the *unused
|
||||
import* problem. Modules only get imported when you actually
|
||||
need them.
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover, this approach resolves some of the issues stated in
|
||||
`the relative/absolute import PEP-328`_, as with the above
|
||||
approach you never have ambiguity problems. The above
|
||||
traceback-usage is an absolute path that will not be
|
||||
accidentally get confused with local names. (Well, never put
|
||||
a file ``py.py`` in an importable path, btw, mind you :-)
|
||||
|
||||
Automagically accessing sub packages doesn't work (yet?)
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
If you use the :api:`py.std` hook you currently cannot magically
|
||||
import nested packages which otherwise need explicit imports of
|
||||
their sub-packages. For example, the suversion bindings
|
||||
require you to do something like::
|
||||
|
||||
import svn.client
|
||||
|
||||
If you just do the naive thing with the py lib, i.e. write
|
||||
``py.std.svn.client`` it will not work unless you previously
|
||||
imported it already. The py lib currently doesn't try to
|
||||
magically make this work. The :api:`py.std` hook really is
|
||||
intended for Python standard modules which very seldomly (if
|
||||
at all) provide such nested packages.
|
||||
|
||||
**Note that you may never rely** on module identity, i.e.
|
||||
that ``X is py.std.X`` for any ``X``. This is to allow
|
||||
us later to lazyly import nested packages. Yes, lazyness
|
||||
is hard to resist :-)
|
||||
|
||||
Note: you get an AttributeError, not an ImportError
|
||||
---------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
If you say ``py.std.XYZ`` and importing ``XYZ`` produces an
|
||||
``ImportError`` , it will actually show up as an
|
||||
``AttributeError``. It is deemed more important to adhere to
|
||||
the standard ``__getattr__`` protocol than to let the
|
||||
``ImportError`` pass through. For example, you might want to
|
||||
do::
|
||||
|
||||
getattr(py.std.cStringIO, 'StringIO', py.std.StringIO.StringIO)
|
||||
|
||||
and you would expect that it works. It does work although it will
|
||||
take away some lazyness because ``py.std.StringIO.StringIO`` will
|
||||
be imported in any case.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`the relative/absolute import PEP-328`: http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0328.html
|
||||
|
||||
Support for interaction with system utilities/binaries
|
||||
======================================================
|
||||
|
||||
sources:
|
||||
|
||||
* :source:`py/process/`
|
||||
* :source:`py/path/local/`
|
||||
|
||||
Currently, the py lib offers two ways to interact with
|
||||
system executables. :api:`py.process.cmdexec()` invokes
|
||||
the shell in order to execute a string. The other
|
||||
one, :api:`py.path.local`'s 'sysexec()' method lets you
|
||||
directly execute a binary.
|
||||
|
||||
Both approaches will raise an exception in case of a return-
|
||||
code other than 0 and otherwise return the stdout-output
|
||||
of the child process.
|
||||
|
||||
The shell based approach
|
||||
------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
You can execute a command via your system shell
|
||||
by doing something like::
|
||||
|
||||
out = py.process.cmdexec('ls -v')
|
||||
|
||||
However, the ``cmdexec`` approach has a few shortcomings:
|
||||
|
||||
- it relies on the underlying system shell
|
||||
- it neccessitates shell-escaping for expressing arguments
|
||||
- it does not easily allow to "fix" the binary you want to run.
|
||||
- it only allows to execute executables from the local
|
||||
filesystem
|
||||
|
||||
.. _sysexec:
|
||||
|
||||
local paths have ``sysexec``
|
||||
----------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The py lib currently offers a stripped down functionality of what
|
||||
the new `PEP-324 subprocess module`_ offers. The main functionality
|
||||
of synchronously executing a system executable has a straightforward API::
|
||||
|
||||
binsvn.sysexec('ls', 'http://codespeak.net/svn')
|
||||
|
||||
where ``binsvn`` is a path that points to the ``svn`` commandline
|
||||
binary. Note that this function would not offer any shell-escaping
|
||||
so you really have to pass in separated arguments. This idea
|
||||
fits nicely into `a more general view on path objects`_.
|
||||
|
||||
For a first go, we are just reusing the existing `subprocess
|
||||
implementation`_ but don't expose any of its API apart
|
||||
from the above ``sysexec()`` method.
|
||||
|
||||
Note, however, that currently the support for the ``sysexec`` interface on
|
||||
win32 is not thoroughly tested. If you run into problems with it, we are
|
||||
interested to hear about them. If you are running a Python older than 2.4 you
|
||||
will have to install the `pywin32 package`_.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`future book`: future.html
|
||||
.. _`PEP-324 subprocess module`: http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0324.html
|
||||
.. _`subprocess implementation`: http://www.lysator.liu.se/~astrand/popen5/
|
||||
.. _`a more general view on path objects`: future.html#general-path
|
||||
.. _`pywin32 package`: http://pywin32.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
|
||||
finding an executable local path
|
||||
--------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Finding an executable is quite different on multiple platforms.
|
||||
Currently, the ``PATH`` environment variable based search on
|
||||
unix platforms is supported::
|
||||
|
||||
py.path.local.sysfind('svn')
|
||||
|
||||
which returns the first path whose ``basename`` matches ``svn``.
|
||||
In principle, `sysfind` deploys platform specific algorithms
|
||||
to perform the search. On Windows, for example, it may look
|
||||
at the registry (XXX).
|
||||
|
||||
To make the story complete, we allow to pass in a second ``checker``
|
||||
argument that is called for each found executable. For example, if
|
||||
you have multiple binaries available you may want to select the
|
||||
right version::
|
||||
|
||||
def mysvn(p):
|
||||
""" check that the given svn binary has version 1.1. """
|
||||
line = p.execute('--version'').readlines()[0]
|
||||
if line.find('version 1.1'):
|
||||
return p
|
||||
binsvn = py.path.local.sysfind('svn', checker=mysvn)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Cross-Python Version compatibility helpers
|
||||
=============================================
|
||||
|
||||
sources:
|
||||
|
||||
* :source:`py/compat/`
|
||||
* :source:`py/builtin/`
|
||||
|
||||
The compat and builtin namespaces help to write code using newer python features on older python interpreters.
|
||||
|
||||
:api:`py.compat`
|
||||
----------------
|
||||
|
||||
:api:`py.compat` provides fixed versions (currently taken from Python 2.4.4) of
|
||||
a few selected modules to be able to use them across python versions. Currently these are:
|
||||
|
||||
* doctest
|
||||
* optparse
|
||||
* subprocess
|
||||
* textwrap
|
||||
|
||||
Note that for example ``import doctest`` and ``from py.compat import doctest`` result
|
||||
into two different module objects no matter what Python version you are using.
|
||||
So you should only use exactly one of these to avoid confusion in your program.
|
||||
|
||||
:api:`py.builtin`
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
|
||||
:api:`py.builtin` provides builtin functions/types that were added in later Python
|
||||
versions. If the used Python version used does not provide these builtins the
|
||||
py lib provides some reimplementations. These currently are:
|
||||
|
||||
* enumerate
|
||||
* reversed
|
||||
* sorted
|
||||
* BaseException
|
||||
* set and frozenset (using either the builtin, if available, or the sets
|
||||
module)
|
||||
|
||||
:api:`py.builtin.BaseException` is just ``Exception`` before Python 2.5.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,260 +0,0 @@
|
|||
=======
|
||||
py.path
|
||||
=======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The 'py' lib provides a uniform high-level api to deal with filesystems
|
||||
and filesystem-like interfaces: :api:`py.path`. It aims to offer a central
|
||||
object to fs-like object trees (reading from and writing to files, adding
|
||||
files/directories, examining the types and structure, etc.), and out-of-the-box
|
||||
provides a number of implementations of this API.
|
||||
|
||||
Path implementations provided by :api:`py.path`
|
||||
===============================================
|
||||
|
||||
:api:`py.path.local`
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The first and most obvious of the implementations is a wrapper around a local
|
||||
filesystem. It's just a bit nicer in usage than the regular Python APIs, and
|
||||
of course all the functionality is bundled together rather than spread over a
|
||||
number of modules.
|
||||
|
||||
Example usage, here we use the :api:`py.test.ensuretemp()` function to create
|
||||
a :api:`py.path.local` object for us (which wraps a directory)::
|
||||
|
||||
>>> import py
|
||||
>>> temppath = py.test.ensuretemp('py.path_documentation')
|
||||
>>> foopath = temppath.join('foo') # get child 'foo' (lazily)
|
||||
>>> foopath.check() # check if child 'foo' exists
|
||||
False
|
||||
>>> foopath.write('bar') # write some data to it
|
||||
>>> foopath.check()
|
||||
True
|
||||
>>> foopath.read()
|
||||
'bar'
|
||||
>>> foofile = foopath.open() # return a 'real' file object
|
||||
>>> foofile.read(1)
|
||||
'b'
|
||||
|
||||
:api:`py.path.svnurl` and :api:`py.path.svnwc`
|
||||
----------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Two other :api:`py.path` implementations that the py lib provides wrap the
|
||||
popular `Subversion`_ revision control system: the first (called 'svnurl')
|
||||
by interfacing with a remote server, the second by wrapping a local checkout.
|
||||
Both allow you to access relatively advanced features such as metadata and
|
||||
versioning, and both in a way more user-friendly manner than existing other
|
||||
solutions.
|
||||
|
||||
Some example usage of :api:`py.path.svnurl`::
|
||||
|
||||
.. >>> import py
|
||||
.. >>> if not py.test.config.option.urlcheck: raise ValueError('skipchunk')
|
||||
>>> url = py.path.svnurl('http://codespeak.net/svn/py')
|
||||
>>> info = url.info()
|
||||
>>> info.kind
|
||||
'dir'
|
||||
>>> firstentry = url.log()[-1]
|
||||
>>> import time
|
||||
>>> time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d', time.gmtime(firstentry.date))
|
||||
'2004-10-02'
|
||||
|
||||
Example usage of :api:`py.path.svnwc`::
|
||||
|
||||
.. >>> if not py.test.config.option.urlcheck: raise ValueError('skipchunk')
|
||||
>>> temp = py.test.ensuretemp('py.path_documentation')
|
||||
>>> wc = py.path.svnwc(temp.join('svnwc'))
|
||||
>>> wc.checkout('http://codespeak.net/svn/py/dist/py/path/local')
|
||||
>>> wc.join('local.py').check()
|
||||
True
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`Subversion`: http://subversion.tigris.org/
|
||||
|
||||
Common vs. specific API
|
||||
=======================
|
||||
|
||||
All Path objects support a common set of operations, suitable
|
||||
for many use cases and allowing to transparently switch the
|
||||
path object within an application (e.g. from "local" to "svnwc").
|
||||
The common set includes functions such as `path.read()` to read all data
|
||||
from a file, `path.write()` to write data, `path.listdir()` to get a list
|
||||
of directory entries, `path.check()` to check if a node exists
|
||||
and is of a particular type, `path.join()` to get
|
||||
to a (grand)child, `path.visit()` to recursively walk through a node's
|
||||
children, etc. Only things that are not common on 'normal' filesystems (yet),
|
||||
such as handling metadata (e.g. the Subversion "properties") require
|
||||
using specific APIs.
|
||||
|
||||
Examples
|
||||
---------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
A quick 'cookbook' of small examples that will be useful 'in real life',
|
||||
which also presents parts of the 'common' API, and shows some non-common
|
||||
methods:
|
||||
|
||||
Searching `.txt` files
|
||||
..........................
|
||||
|
||||
Search for a particular string inside all files with a .txt extension in a
|
||||
specific directory.
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
>>> dirpath = temppath.ensure('testdir', dir=True)
|
||||
>>> dirpath.join('textfile1.txt').write('foo bar baz')
|
||||
>>> dirpath.join('textfile2.txt').write('frob bar spam eggs')
|
||||
>>> subdir = dirpath.ensure('subdir', dir=True)
|
||||
>>> subdir.join('textfile1.txt').write('foo baz')
|
||||
>>> subdir.join('textfile2.txt').write('spam eggs spam foo bar spam')
|
||||
>>> results = []
|
||||
>>> for fpath in dirpath.visit('*.txt'):
|
||||
... if 'bar' in fpath.read():
|
||||
... results.append(fpath.basename)
|
||||
>>> results.sort()
|
||||
>>> results
|
||||
['textfile1.txt', 'textfile2.txt', 'textfile2.txt']
|
||||
|
||||
Working with Paths
|
||||
.......................
|
||||
|
||||
This example shows the :api:`py.path` features to deal with
|
||||
filesystem paths Note that the filesystem is never touched,
|
||||
all operations are performed on a string level (so the paths
|
||||
don't have to exist, either)::
|
||||
|
||||
>>> p1 = py.path.local('/foo/bar')
|
||||
>>> p2 = p1.join('baz/qux')
|
||||
>>> p2 == py.path.local('/foo/bar/baz/qux')
|
||||
True
|
||||
>>> sep = py.path.local.sep
|
||||
>>> p2.relto(p1).replace(sep, '/') # os-specific path sep in the string
|
||||
'baz/qux'
|
||||
>>> p2.bestrelpath(p1).replace(sep, '/')
|
||||
'../..'
|
||||
>>> p2.join(p2.bestrelpath(p1)) == p1
|
||||
True
|
||||
>>> p3 = p1 / 'baz/qux' # the / operator allows joining, too
|
||||
>>> p2 == p3
|
||||
True
|
||||
>>> p4 = p1 + ".py"
|
||||
>>> p4.basename == "bar.py"
|
||||
True
|
||||
>>> p4.ext == ".py"
|
||||
True
|
||||
>>> p4.purebasename == "bar"
|
||||
True
|
||||
|
||||
This should be possible on every implementation of :api:`py.path`, so
|
||||
regardless of whether the implementation wraps a UNIX filesystem, a Windows
|
||||
one, or a database or object tree, these functions should be available (each
|
||||
with their own notion of path seperators and dealing with conversions, etc.).
|
||||
|
||||
Checking path types
|
||||
.......................
|
||||
|
||||
Now we will show a bit about the powerful 'check()' method on paths, which
|
||||
allows you to check whether a file exists, what type it is, etc.::
|
||||
|
||||
>>> file1 = temppath.join('file1')
|
||||
>>> file1.check() # does it exist?
|
||||
False
|
||||
>>> file1 = file1.ensure(file=True) # 'touch' the file
|
||||
>>> file1.check()
|
||||
True
|
||||
>>> file1.check(dir=True) # is it a dir?
|
||||
False
|
||||
>>> file1.check(file=True) # or a file?
|
||||
True
|
||||
>>> file1.check(ext='.txt') # check the extension
|
||||
False
|
||||
>>> textfile = temppath.ensure('text.txt', file=True)
|
||||
>>> textfile.check(ext='.txt')
|
||||
True
|
||||
>>> file1.check(basename='file1') # we can use all the path's properties here
|
||||
True
|
||||
|
||||
Setting svn-properties
|
||||
.......................
|
||||
|
||||
As an example of 'uncommon' methods, we'll show how to read and write
|
||||
properties in an :api:`py.path.svnwc` instance::
|
||||
|
||||
.. >>> if not py.test.config.option.urlcheck: raise ValueError('skipchunk')
|
||||
>>> wc.propget('foo')
|
||||
''
|
||||
>>> wc.propset('foo', 'bar')
|
||||
>>> wc.propget('foo')
|
||||
'bar'
|
||||
>>> len(wc.status().prop_modified) # our own props
|
||||
1
|
||||
>>> msg = wc.revert() # roll back our changes
|
||||
>>> len(wc.status().prop_modified)
|
||||
0
|
||||
|
||||
SVN authentication
|
||||
.......................
|
||||
|
||||
Some uncommon functionality can also be provided as extensions, such as SVN
|
||||
authentication::
|
||||
|
||||
.. >>> if not py.test.config.option.urlcheck: raise ValueError('skipchunk')
|
||||
>>> auth = py.path.SvnAuth('anonymous', 'user', cache_auth=False,
|
||||
... interactive=False)
|
||||
>>> wc.auth = auth
|
||||
>>> wc.update() # this should work
|
||||
>>> path = wc.ensure('thisshouldnotexist.txt')
|
||||
>>> try:
|
||||
... path.commit('testing')
|
||||
... except py.process.cmdexec.Error, e:
|
||||
... pass
|
||||
>>> 'authorization failed' in str(e)
|
||||
True
|
||||
|
||||
Known problems / limitations
|
||||
===================================
|
||||
|
||||
* The SVN path objects require the "svn" command line,
|
||||
there is currently no support for python bindings.
|
||||
Parsing the svn output can lead to problems, particularly
|
||||
regarding if you have a non-english "locales" setting.
|
||||
|
||||
* While the path objects basically work on windows,
|
||||
there is no attention yet on making unicode paths
|
||||
work or deal with the famous "8.3" filename issues.
|
||||
|
||||
Future plans
|
||||
============
|
||||
|
||||
The Subversion path implementations are based
|
||||
on the `svn` command line, not on the bindings.
|
||||
It makes sense now to directly use the bindings.
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover, it would be good, also considering
|
||||
`py.execnet`_ distribution of programs, to
|
||||
be able to manipulate Windows Paths on Linux
|
||||
and vice versa. So we'd like to consider
|
||||
refactoring the path implementations
|
||||
to provide this choice (and getting rid
|
||||
of platform-dependencies as much as possible).
|
||||
|
||||
There is some experimental small approach
|
||||
(:source:`py/path/gateway/`) aiming at having
|
||||
a convenient Remote Path implementation
|
||||
and some considerations about future
|
||||
works in the according :source:`py/path/gateway/TODO.txt`
|
||||
|
||||
There are various hacks out there to have
|
||||
Memory-Filesystems and even path objects
|
||||
being directly mountable under Linux (via `fuse`).
|
||||
However, the Path object implementations
|
||||
do not internally have a clean abstraction
|
||||
of going to the filesystem - so with some
|
||||
refactoring it should become easier to
|
||||
have very custom Path objects, still offering
|
||||
the quite full interface without requiring
|
||||
to know about all details of the full path
|
||||
implementation.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`py.execnet`: execnet.html
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
|
|||
py lib 1.0.0: XXX
|
||||
======================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Welcome to the 1.0.0 py lib release - a library aiming to
|
||||
support agile and test-driven python development on various levels.
|
||||
|
||||
XXX
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
|
|||
py lib 0.9.2: bugfix release
|
||||
=============================
|
||||
|
||||
Welcome to the 0.9.2 py lib and py.test release -
|
||||
mainly fixing Windows issues, providing better
|
||||
packaging and integration with setuptools.
|
||||
|
||||
Here is a quick summary of what the py lib provides:
|
||||
|
||||
* py.test: cross-project testing tool with many advanced features
|
||||
* py.execnet: ad-hoc code distribution to SSH, Socket and local sub processes
|
||||
* py.magic.greenlet: micro-threads on standard CPython ("stackless-light")
|
||||
* py.path: path abstractions over local and subversion files
|
||||
* rich documentation of py's exported API
|
||||
* tested against Linux, Win32, OSX, works on python 2.3-2.6
|
||||
|
||||
See here for more information:
|
||||
|
||||
Pypi pages: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/py/
|
||||
|
||||
Download/Install: http://codespeak.net/py/0.9.2/download.html
|
||||
|
||||
Documentation/API: http://codespeak.net/py/0.9.2/index.html
|
||||
|
||||
best and have fun,
|
||||
|
||||
holger krekel
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
|
|||
py lib 0.9.0: py.test, distributed execution, greenlets and more
|
||||
======================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Welcome to the 0.9.0 py lib release - a library aiming to
|
||||
support agile and test-driven python development on various levels.
|
||||
|
||||
Main API/Tool Features:
|
||||
|
||||
* py.test: cross-project testing tool with many advanced features
|
||||
* py.execnet: ad-hoc code distribution to SSH, Socket and local sub processes
|
||||
* py.magic.greenlet: micro-threads on standard CPython ("stackless-light")
|
||||
* py.path: path abstractions over local and subversion files
|
||||
* rich documentation of py's exported API
|
||||
* tested against Linux, OSX and partly against Win32, python 2.3-2.5
|
||||
|
||||
All these features and their API have extensive documentation,
|
||||
generated with the new "apigen", which we intend to make accessible
|
||||
for other python projects as well.
|
||||
|
||||
Download/Install: http://codespeak.net/py/0.9.0/download.html
|
||||
Documentation/API: http://codespeak.net/py/0.9.0/index.html
|
||||
|
||||
Work on the py lib has been partially funded by the
|
||||
European Union IST programme and by http://merlinux.de
|
||||
within the PyPy project.
|
||||
|
||||
best, have fun and let us know what you think!
|
||||
|
||||
holger krekel, Maciej Fijalkowski,
|
||||
Guido Wesdorp, Carl Friedrich Bolz
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
|
|||
=============
|
||||
Release notes
|
||||
=============
|
||||
|
||||
Contents:
|
||||
|
||||
.. toctree::
|
||||
:maxdepth: 1
|
||||
|
||||
release-1.0.0
|
||||
release-0.9.2
|
||||
release-0.9.0
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
|
|||
Test configuration
|
||||
========================
|
||||
|
||||
test options and values
|
||||
-----------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
You can see all available command line options by running::
|
||||
|
||||
py.test -h
|
||||
|
||||
py.test will lookup values of options in this order:
|
||||
|
||||
* option value supplied at command line
|
||||
* content of environment variable ``PYTEST_OPTION_NAME=...``
|
||||
* ``name = ...`` setting in the nearest ``conftest.py`` file.
|
||||
|
||||
The name of an option usually is the one you find
|
||||
in the longform of the option, i.e. the name
|
||||
behind the ``--`` double-dash.
|
||||
|
||||
IOW, you can set default values for options per project, per
|
||||
home-directoray, per shell session or per test-run.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
|
|||
.. _`distribute tests across machines`:
|
||||
|
||||
===================
|
||||
Distributed testing
|
||||
===================
|
||||
|
||||
``py.test`` can ad-hoc distribute test runs to multiple CPUs or remote
|
||||
machines. This allows to speed up development or to use special resources
|
||||
of remote machines. Before running tests remotely, ``py.test`` efficiently
|
||||
synchronizes your program source code to the remote place. All test results
|
||||
are reported back and displayed to your local test session. You may
|
||||
specify different Python versions and interpreters.
|
||||
|
||||
Synchronisation and running of tests only requires
|
||||
a bare Python installation on the remote side. No
|
||||
special software is installed - this is realized
|
||||
by use of the **zero installation** `py.execnet`_ mechanisms.
|
||||
|
||||
Speed up test runs by sending tests to multiple CPUs
|
||||
----------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
To send tests to multiple CPUs, type::
|
||||
|
||||
py.test -n NUM
|
||||
|
||||
Especially for longer running tests or tests requiring
|
||||
a lot of IO this can lead to considerable speed ups.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Running tests in a Python subprocess
|
||||
----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
To instantiate a python2.4 sub process and send tests to it, you may type::
|
||||
|
||||
py.test -d --tx popen//python=python2.4
|
||||
|
||||
This will start a subprocess which is run with the "python2.4"
|
||||
Python interpreter, found in your system binary lookup path.
|
||||
|
||||
If you prefix the --tx option value like this::
|
||||
|
||||
--tx 3*popen//python=python2.4
|
||||
|
||||
then three subprocesses would be created and tests
|
||||
will be load-balanced across these three processes.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Sending tests to remote SSH accounts
|
||||
-----------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Suppose you have a package ``mypkg`` which contains some
|
||||
tests that you can successfully run locally. And you
|
||||
have a ssh-reachable machine ``myhost``. Then
|
||||
you can ad-hoc distribute your tests by typing::
|
||||
|
||||
py.test -d --tx ssh=myhostpopen --rsyncdir mypkg mypkg
|
||||
|
||||
This will synchronize your ``mypkg`` package directory
|
||||
to an remote ssh account and then locally collect tests
|
||||
and send them to remote places for execution.
|
||||
|
||||
You can specify multiple ``--rsyncdir`` directories
|
||||
to be sent to the remote side.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Sending tests to remote Socket Servers
|
||||
----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Download the single-module `socketserver.py`_ Python program
|
||||
and run it like this::
|
||||
|
||||
python socketserver.py
|
||||
|
||||
It will tell you that it starts listening on the default
|
||||
port. You can now on your home machine specify this
|
||||
new socket host with something like this::
|
||||
|
||||
py.test -d --tx socket=192.168.1.102:8888 --rsyncdir mypkg mypkg
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`atonce`:
|
||||
|
||||
Running tests on many platforms at once
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The basic command to run tests on multiple platforms is::
|
||||
|
||||
py.test --dist=each --tx=spec1 --tx=spec2
|
||||
|
||||
If you specify a windows host, an OSX host and a Linux
|
||||
environment this command will send each tests to all
|
||||
platforms - and report back failures from all platforms
|
||||
at once. The provided specifications strings
|
||||
use the `xspec syntax`_.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`xspec syntax`: execnet.html#xspec
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`socketserver.py`: http://codespeak.net/svn/py/dist/py/execnet/script/socketserver.py
|
||||
.. _`py.execnet`: execnet.html
|
||||
|
||||
Specifying test exec environments in a conftest.py
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Instead of specifying command line options, you can
|
||||
put options values in a ``conftest.py`` file like this::
|
||||
|
||||
pytest_option_tx = ['ssh=myhost//python=python2.5', 'popen//python=python2.5']
|
||||
pytest_option_dist = True
|
||||
|
||||
Any commandline ``--tx`` specifictions will add to the list of available execution
|
||||
environments.
|
||||
|
||||
Specifying "rsync" dirs in a conftest.py
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
In your ``mypkg/conftest.py`` you may specify directories to synchronise
|
||||
or to exclude::
|
||||
|
||||
rsyncdirs = ['.', '../plugins']
|
||||
rsyncignore = ['_cache']
|
||||
|
||||
These directory specifications are relative to the directory
|
||||
where the ``conftest.py`` is found.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
|
|||
|
||||
Working Examples
|
||||
================
|
||||
|
||||
managing state at module, class and method level
|
||||
------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Here is a working example for what goes on when you setup modules,
|
||||
classes and methods::
|
||||
|
||||
# [[from py/documentation/example/pytest/test_setup_flow_example.py]]
|
||||
|
||||
def setup_module(module):
|
||||
module.TestStateFullThing.classcount = 0
|
||||
|
||||
class TestStateFullThing:
|
||||
def setup_class(cls):
|
||||
cls.classcount += 1
|
||||
|
||||
def teardown_class(cls):
|
||||
cls.classcount -= 1
|
||||
|
||||
def setup_method(self, method):
|
||||
self.id = eval(method.func_name[5:])
|
||||
|
||||
def test_42(self):
|
||||
assert self.classcount == 1
|
||||
assert self.id == 42
|
||||
|
||||
def test_23(self):
|
||||
assert self.classcount == 1
|
||||
assert self.id == 23
|
||||
|
||||
def teardown_module(module):
|
||||
assert module.TestStateFullThing.classcount == 0
|
||||
|
||||
For this example the control flow happens as follows::
|
||||
|
||||
import test_setup_flow_example
|
||||
setup_module(test_setup_flow_example)
|
||||
setup_class(TestStateFullThing)
|
||||
instance = TestStateFullThing()
|
||||
setup_method(instance, instance.test_42)
|
||||
instance.test_42()
|
||||
setup_method(instance, instance.test_23)
|
||||
instance.test_23()
|
||||
teardown_class(TestStateFullThing)
|
||||
teardown_module(test_setup_flow_example)
|
||||
|
||||
Note that ``setup_class(TestStateFullThing)`` is called and not
|
||||
``TestStateFullThing.setup_class()`` which would require you
|
||||
to insert ``setup_class = classmethod(setup_class)`` to make
|
||||
your setup function callable. Did we mention that lazyness
|
||||
is a virtue?
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
|
|||
|
||||
===============
|
||||
Writing plugins
|
||||
===============
|
||||
|
||||
Learning by examples
|
||||
=====================
|
||||
|
||||
XXX
|
||||
|
||||
adding custom options
|
||||
----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
py.test supports adding of standard optparse_ Options.
|
||||
A plugin may implement the ``addoption`` hook for registering
|
||||
custom options::
|
||||
|
||||
class ConftestPlugin:
|
||||
def pytest_addoption(self, parser):
|
||||
parser.addoption("-M", "--myopt", action="store",
|
||||
help="specify string to set myopt")
|
||||
|
||||
def pytest_configure(self, config):
|
||||
if config.option.myopt:
|
||||
# do action based on option value
|
||||
|
||||
.. _optparse: http://docs.python.org/library/optparse.html
|
||||
|
||||
Setting default values for test options
|
||||
=======================================
|
||||
|
||||
You can see all available command line options by running::
|
||||
|
||||
py.test -h
|
||||
|
||||
py.test will lookup values of options in this order:
|
||||
|
||||
* option value supplied at command line
|
||||
* content of environment variable ``PYTEST_OPTION_NAME=...``
|
||||
* ``name = ...`` setting in the nearest ``conftest.py`` file.
|
||||
|
||||
The name of an option usually is the one you find
|
||||
in the longform of the option, i.e. the name
|
||||
behind the ``--`` double-dash.
|
||||
|
||||
IOW, you can set default values for options per project, per
|
||||
home-directoray, per shell session or per test-run.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Plugin methods
|
||||
=======================================
|
||||
|
||||
A Plugin class may implement the following attributes and methods:
|
||||
|
||||
XXX
|
||||
|
||||
_`pytest event`:
|
||||
|
||||
Pytest Events
|
||||
=======================================
|
||||
|
||||
XXX
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,279 +0,0 @@
|
|||
==================================================
|
||||
Features
|
||||
==================================================
|
||||
|
||||
py.test is a standalone-tool that collects and runs tests for
|
||||
your Python application and modules. py.test works across
|
||||
linux, windows and osx and on Python 2.3 - Python 2.6.
|
||||
|
||||
It aims to support *unit-tests* and *functional tests* written
|
||||
in Python and is used in projects that run more than 10000
|
||||
tests regularly.
|
||||
|
||||
py.test presents a clean and powerful command line interface
|
||||
and strives to generally make testing a fun effort.
|
||||
|
||||
automatically collects and executes tests
|
||||
===============================================
|
||||
|
||||
py.test discovers tests automatically by inspect specified
|
||||
directories or files. By default, it collects all python
|
||||
modules a leading ``test_`` or trailing ``_test`` filename.
|
||||
From each test module every function with a leading ``test_``
|
||||
or class with a leading ``Test`` name is collected.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`generative tests`:
|
||||
.. _`collection process`: impl-test.html#collection-process
|
||||
|
||||
load-balance tests to multiple CPUs
|
||||
===================================
|
||||
|
||||
For large test suites you can distribute your
|
||||
tests to multiple CPUs by issuing for example::
|
||||
|
||||
py.test -n 3
|
||||
|
||||
Read more on `distributed testing`_.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`distributed testing`: test-dist.html
|
||||
|
||||
Distribute tests across machines
|
||||
===================================
|
||||
|
||||
py.test supports the sending of tests to
|
||||
remote ssh-accounts or socket servers.
|
||||
It can `ad-hoc run your test on multiple
|
||||
platforms one a single test run`. Ad-hoc
|
||||
means that there are **no installation
|
||||
requirements whatsoever** on the remote side.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`ad-hoc run your test on multiple platforms one a single test run`: test-dist.html#atonce
|
||||
|
||||
extensive debugging support
|
||||
===================================
|
||||
|
||||
testing starts immediately
|
||||
--------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Testing starts as soon as the first ``test item``
|
||||
is collected. The collection process is iterative
|
||||
and does not need to complete before your first
|
||||
test items are executed.
|
||||
|
||||
support for modules containing tests
|
||||
--------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
As ``py.test`` operates as a separate cmdline
|
||||
tool you can easily have a command line utility and
|
||||
some tests in the same file.
|
||||
|
||||
debug with the ``print`` statement
|
||||
----------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
By default, ``py.test`` catches text written to stdout/stderr during
|
||||
the execution of each individual test. This output will only be
|
||||
displayed however if the test fails; you will not see it
|
||||
otherwise. This allows you to put debugging print statements in your
|
||||
code without being overwhelmed by all the output that might be
|
||||
generated by tests that do not fail.
|
||||
|
||||
Each failing test that produced output during the running of the test
|
||||
will have its output displayed in the ``recorded stdout`` section.
|
||||
|
||||
The catching of stdout/stderr output can be disabled using the
|
||||
``--nocapture`` option to the ``py.test`` tool. Any output will
|
||||
in this case be displayed as soon as it is generated.
|
||||
|
||||
test execution order
|
||||
--------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Tests usually run in the order in which they appear in the files.
|
||||
However, tests should not rely on running one after another, as
|
||||
this prevents more advanced usages: running tests
|
||||
distributedly or selectively, or in "looponfailing" mode,
|
||||
will cause them to run in random order.
|
||||
|
||||
assert with the ``assert`` statement
|
||||
----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
``py.test`` allows to use the standard python
|
||||
``assert statement`` for verifying expectations
|
||||
and values in Python tests. For example, you can
|
||||
write the following in your tests::
|
||||
|
||||
assert hasattr(x, 'attribute')
|
||||
|
||||
to state that your object has a certain ``attribute``. In case this
|
||||
assertion fails you will see the value of ``x``. Intermediate
|
||||
values are computed by executing the assert expression a second time.
|
||||
If you execute code with side effects, e.g. read from a file like this::
|
||||
|
||||
assert f.read() != '...'
|
||||
|
||||
then you may get a warning from pytest if that assertions
|
||||
first failed and then succeeded.
|
||||
|
||||
asserting expected exceptions
|
||||
----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
In order to write assertions about exceptions, you use
|
||||
one of two forms::
|
||||
|
||||
py.test.raises(Exception, func, *args, **kwargs)
|
||||
py.test.raises(Exception, "func(*args, **kwargs)")
|
||||
|
||||
both of which execute the given function with args and kwargs and
|
||||
asserts that the given ``Exception`` is raised. The reporter will
|
||||
provide you with helpful output in case of failures such as *no
|
||||
exception* or *wrong exception*.
|
||||
|
||||
useful tracebacks, recursion detection
|
||||
--------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
A lot of care is taken to present nice tracebacks in case of test
|
||||
failure. Try::
|
||||
|
||||
py.test py/doc/example/pytest/failure_demo.py
|
||||
|
||||
to see a variety of tracebacks, each representing a different
|
||||
failure situation.
|
||||
|
||||
``py.test`` uses the same order for presenting tracebacks as Python
|
||||
itself: the oldest function call is shown first, and the most recent call is
|
||||
shown last. A ``py.test`` reported traceback starts with your
|
||||
failing test function. If the maximum recursion depth has been
|
||||
exceeded during the running of a test, for instance because of
|
||||
infinite recursion, ``py.test`` will indicate where in the
|
||||
code the recursion was taking place. You can inhibit
|
||||
traceback "cutting" magic by supplying ``--fulltrace``.
|
||||
|
||||
There is also the possibility of using ``--tb=short`` to get regular CPython
|
||||
tracebacks. Or you can use ``--tb=no`` to not show any tracebacks at all.
|
||||
|
||||
no inheritance requirement
|
||||
--------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Test classes are recognized by their leading ``Test`` name. Unlike
|
||||
``unitest.py``, you don't need to inherit from some base class to make
|
||||
them be found by the test runner. Besides being easier, it also allows
|
||||
you to write test classes that subclass from application level
|
||||
classes.
|
||||
|
||||
testing for deprecated APIs
|
||||
------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
In your tests you can use ``py.test.deprecated_call(func, *args, **kwargs)``
|
||||
to test that a particular function call triggers a DeprecationWarning.
|
||||
This is useful for testing phasing out of old APIs in your projects.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
advanced test selection / skipping
|
||||
=========================================================
|
||||
|
||||
dynamically skipping tests
|
||||
-------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to skip tests you can use ``py.test.skip`` within
|
||||
test or setup functions. Example::
|
||||
|
||||
py.test.skip("message")
|
||||
|
||||
You can also use a helper to skip on a failing import::
|
||||
|
||||
docutils = py.test.importorskip("docutils")
|
||||
|
||||
or to skip if a library does not have the right version::
|
||||
|
||||
docutils = py.test.importorskip("docutils", minversion="0.3")
|
||||
|
||||
The version will be read from the module's ``__version__`` attribute.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`selection by keyword`:
|
||||
|
||||
selecting/unselecting tests by keyword
|
||||
---------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Pytest's keyword mechanism provides a powerful way to
|
||||
group and selectively run tests in your test code base.
|
||||
You can selectively run tests by specifiying a keyword
|
||||
on the command line. Examples::
|
||||
|
||||
py.test -k test_simple
|
||||
py.test -k "-test_simple"
|
||||
|
||||
will run all tests matching (or not matching) the
|
||||
"test_simple" keyword. Note that you need to quote
|
||||
the keyword if "-" is recognized as an indicator
|
||||
for a commandline option. Lastly, you may use::
|
||||
|
||||
py.test. -k "test_simple:"
|
||||
|
||||
which will run all tests after the expression has *matched once*, i.e.
|
||||
all tests that are seen after a test that matches the "test_simple"
|
||||
keyword.
|
||||
|
||||
By default, all filename parts and
|
||||
class/function names of a test function are put into the set
|
||||
of keywords for a given test. You may specify additional
|
||||
kewords like this::
|
||||
|
||||
@py.test.mark(webtest=True)
|
||||
def test_send_http():
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
disabling a test class
|
||||
----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to disable a complete test class you
|
||||
can set the class-level attribute ``disabled``.
|
||||
For example, in order to avoid running some tests on Win32::
|
||||
|
||||
class TestPosixOnly:
|
||||
disabled = sys.platform == 'win32'
|
||||
|
||||
def test_xxx(self):
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
generative tests: yielding parametrized tests
|
||||
====================================================
|
||||
|
||||
*Generative tests* are test methods that are *generator functions* which
|
||||
``yield`` callables and their arguments. This is most useful for running a
|
||||
test function multiple times against different parameters. Example::
|
||||
|
||||
def test_generative():
|
||||
for x in (42,17,49):
|
||||
yield check, x
|
||||
|
||||
def check(arg):
|
||||
assert arg % 7 == 0 # second generated tests fails!
|
||||
|
||||
Note that ``test_generative()`` will cause three tests
|
||||
to get run, notably ``check(42)``, ``check(17)`` and ``check(49)``
|
||||
of which the middle one will obviously fail.
|
||||
|
||||
To make it easier to distinguish the generated tests it is possible to specify an explicit name for them, like for example::
|
||||
|
||||
def test_generative():
|
||||
for x in (42,17,49):
|
||||
yield "case %d" % x, check, x
|
||||
|
||||
extensible plugin system
|
||||
=========================================
|
||||
|
||||
py.test itself consists of many plugins
|
||||
and you can easily write new `py.test plugins`_
|
||||
for these purposes:
|
||||
|
||||
* reporting extensions
|
||||
* customizing collection and run of tests
|
||||
* running non-python tests
|
||||
* managing test state setup
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`py.test plugins`: test-plugins.html
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`reStructured Text`: http://docutils.sourceforge.net
|
||||
.. _`Python debugger`: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-pdb.html
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _nose: http://somethingaboutorange.com/mrl/projects/nose/
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
|
|||
================
|
||||
Included plugins
|
||||
================
|
||||
|
||||
Many of py.test's features are implemented as a plugin.
|
||||
|
||||
Included plugins
|
||||
================
|
||||
|
||||
You can find the source code of all default plugins in
|
||||
http://codespeak.net/svn/py/trunk/py/test/plugin/
|
||||
|
||||
plugins that add reporting asepcts
|
||||
-----------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
pytest_terminal: default reporter for writing info to terminals
|
||||
|
||||
pytest_resultlog: log test results in machine-readable form to a file
|
||||
|
||||
pytest_eventlog: log all internal pytest events to a file
|
||||
|
||||
plugins for adding new test types
|
||||
-----------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
pytest_unittest: run traditional unittest TestCase instances
|
||||
|
||||
pytest_doctest: run doctests in python modules or .txt files
|
||||
|
||||
pytest_restdoc: provide RestructuredText syntax and link checking
|
||||
|
||||
plugins for python test functions
|
||||
-----------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
pytest_xfail: provides "expected to fail" test marker
|
||||
|
||||
pytest_tmpdir: provide temporary directories to test functions
|
||||
|
||||
pytest_plugintester: generic plugin apichecks, support for functional plugin tests
|
||||
|
||||
pytest_apigen: tracing values of function/method calls when running tests
|
||||
|
||||
Loading plugins and specifying dependencies
|
||||
============================================
|
||||
|
||||
py.test loads and configures plugins at tool startup:
|
||||
|
||||
* by reading the ``PYTEST_PLUGINS`` environment variable
|
||||
and importing the comma-separated list of plugin names.
|
||||
|
||||
* by loading all plugins specified via one or more ``-p name``
|
||||
command line options.
|
||||
|
||||
* by loading all plugins specified via a ``pytest_plugins``
|
||||
variable in ``conftest.py`` files or test modules.
|
||||
|
||||
example: ensure a plugin is loaded
|
||||
-----------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
If you create a ``conftest.py`` file with the following content::
|
||||
|
||||
pytest_plugins = "pytest_myextension",
|
||||
|
||||
then all tests in that directory and below it will run with
|
||||
an instantiated "pytest_myextension". Here is how instantiation
|
||||
takes place:
|
||||
|
||||
* the module ``pytest_extension`` will be imported and
|
||||
and its contained `ExtensionPlugin`` class will
|
||||
be instantiated. A plugin module may specify its
|
||||
dependencies via another ``pytest_plugins`` definition.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
|
|||
.. _`setuptools installation`: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
==================
|
||||
Quickstart
|
||||
==================
|
||||
|
||||
This document assumes basic python knowledge. If you have a
|
||||
`setuptools installation`_, install ``py.test`` by typing::
|
||||
|
||||
easy_install -U py
|
||||
|
||||
For alternative installation methods please see the download_ page.
|
||||
|
||||
You should now have a ``py.test`` command line tool and can
|
||||
look at its documented cmdline options via this command::
|
||||
|
||||
py.test -h
|
||||
|
||||
Writing and running a test
|
||||
==========================
|
||||
|
||||
``py.test`` is the command line tool to run tests.
|
||||
Let's write a first test module by putting the following
|
||||
test function into a ``test_sample.py`` file::
|
||||
|
||||
# content of test_sample.py
|
||||
def test_answer():
|
||||
assert 42 == 43
|
||||
|
||||
Now you can run the test by passing it as an argument::
|
||||
|
||||
py.test test_sample.py
|
||||
|
||||
What does happen here? ``py.test`` looks for functions and
|
||||
methods in the module that start with ``test_``. It then
|
||||
executes those tests. Assertions about test outcomes are
|
||||
done via the standard ``assert`` statement.
|
||||
|
||||
You can also use ``py.test`` to run all tests in a directory structure by
|
||||
invoking it without any arguments::
|
||||
|
||||
py.test
|
||||
|
||||
This will automatically collect and run any Python module whose filenames
|
||||
start with ``test_`` or ends with ``_test`` from the directory and any
|
||||
subdirectories, starting with the current directory, and run them. Each
|
||||
Python test module is inspected for test methods starting with ``test_``.
|
||||
|
||||
.. Organising your tests
|
||||
.. ---------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Please refer to `features`_ for a walk through the basic features.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _download: download.html
|
||||
.. _features: test-features.html
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
|
|||
=======
|
||||
py.test
|
||||
=======
|
||||
|
||||
*py.test* is a tool for:
|
||||
|
||||
* rapidly writing unit- and functional tests in Python
|
||||
* writing tests for non-python code and data
|
||||
* receiving useful reports on test failures
|
||||
* distributing tests to multiple CPUs and remote environments
|
||||
|
||||
quickstart_: for getting started immediately.
|
||||
|
||||
features_: a walk through basic features and usage.
|
||||
|
||||
plugins_: using available plugins.
|
||||
|
||||
extend_: writing plugins and advanced configuration.
|
||||
|
||||
`distributed testing`_ how to distribute test runs to other machines and platforms.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _quickstart: test-quickstart.html
|
||||
.. _features: test-features.html
|
||||
.. _plugins: test-plugins.html
|
||||
.. _extend: test-ext.html
|
||||
.. _`distributed testing`: test-dist.html
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Contents:
|
||||
|
||||
.. toctree::
|
||||
:maxdepth: 2
|
||||
|
||||
test-quickstart
|
||||
test-features
|
||||
test-plugins
|
||||
test-ext
|
||||
test-dist
|
||||
test-config
|
||||
test-examples
|
||||
impl-test
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,182 +0,0 @@
|
|||
==============================================
|
||||
Why, who, what and how do you do *the py lib*?
|
||||
==============================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Why did we start the py lib?
|
||||
============================
|
||||
|
||||
Among the main motivation for the py lib and its flagship
|
||||
py.test tool were:
|
||||
|
||||
- to test applications with a testing tool that provides
|
||||
advanced features out of the box, yet allows full customization
|
||||
per-project.
|
||||
|
||||
- distribute applications in an ad-hoc way both for testing
|
||||
and for application integration purposes.
|
||||
|
||||
- help with neutralizing platform and python version differences
|
||||
|
||||
- offer a uniform way to access local and remote file resources
|
||||
|
||||
- offer some unique features like micro-threads (greenlets)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
What is the py libs current focus?
|
||||
==================================
|
||||
|
||||
testing testing testing
|
||||
-----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Currently, the main focus of the py lib is to get a decent
|
||||
`test environment`_, indeed to produce the best one out there.
|
||||
Writing, distributing and deploying tests should become
|
||||
a snap ... and fun!
|
||||
|
||||
On a side note: automated tests fit very well to the dynamism
|
||||
of Python. Automated tests ease development and allow fast
|
||||
refactoring cycles. Automated tests are a means of
|
||||
communication as well.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
ad-hoc distribution of programs
|
||||
------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The py lib through its `py.execnet`_ namespaces offers
|
||||
support for ad-hoc distributing programs across
|
||||
a network and subprocesses. We'd like to generalize
|
||||
this approach further to instantiate and let whole
|
||||
ad-hoc networks communicate with each other while
|
||||
keeping to a simple programming model.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`py.execnet`: execnet.html
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
allowing maximum refactoring in the future ...
|
||||
----------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
explicit name export control
|
||||
............................
|
||||
|
||||
In order to allow a fast development pace across versions of
|
||||
the py lib there is **explicit name export control**. You
|
||||
should only see names which make sense to use from the outside
|
||||
and which the py lib developers want to guarantee across versions.
|
||||
However, you don't need to treat the ``py`` lib as
|
||||
anything special. You can simply use the usual ``import``
|
||||
statement and will not notice much of a difference - except that
|
||||
the namespaces you'll see from the ``py`` lib are relatively
|
||||
clean and have no clutter.
|
||||
|
||||
Release policy & API maintenance
|
||||
........................................
|
||||
|
||||
We'll talk about major, minor and micro numbers as the three
|
||||
numbers in "1.2.3" respectively. These are the
|
||||
the rough release policies:
|
||||
|
||||
- Micro-releases are bug fix releases and should not introduce
|
||||
new names to the public API. They may add tests and thus
|
||||
further define the behaviour of the py lib. They may
|
||||
completly change the implementation but the public API
|
||||
tests should continue to run (unless they needed to
|
||||
get fixed themselves).
|
||||
|
||||
- No **tested feature** of the exported py API shall vanish
|
||||
across minor releases until it is marked deprecated.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, pure API tests of a future version 1.0 are to
|
||||
continue to fully run on 1.1 and so on. If an API gets
|
||||
deprecated with a minor release it goes with the next minor
|
||||
release. Thus if you don't use deprecated APIs you should
|
||||
be able to use the next two minor releases. However, if
|
||||
you relied on some untested implementation behaviour,
|
||||
you may still get screwed. Solution: add API tests to the
|
||||
py lib :-) It's really the tests that make the difference.
|
||||
|
||||
- Pure API tests are not allowed to access any implementation
|
||||
level details. For example, accessing names starting with
|
||||
a single leading '_' is generally seen as an implementation
|
||||
level detail.
|
||||
|
||||
- major releases *should*, but are not required to, pass
|
||||
all API tests of the previous latest major released
|
||||
version.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
the need to find the right *paths* ...
|
||||
--------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Another focus are well tested so called *path* implementations
|
||||
that allow you to seemlessly work with different backends,
|
||||
currently a local filesystem, subversion working copies and
|
||||
subversion remote URLs.
|
||||
|
||||
How does py development work?
|
||||
=============================
|
||||
|
||||
Communication and coding style
|
||||
------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
We are discussing things on our `py-dev mailing list`_
|
||||
and collaborate via the codespeak subversion repository.
|
||||
|
||||
We follow a `coding style`_ which strongly builds on `PEP 8`_,
|
||||
the basic python coding style document.
|
||||
|
||||
It's easy to get commit rights especially if you are an
|
||||
experienced python developer and share some of the
|
||||
frustrations described above.
|
||||
|
||||
Licensing
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
|
||||
The Py lib is released under the MIT license and all
|
||||
contributors need to release their contributions
|
||||
under this license as well.
|
||||
|
||||
connections with PyPy_
|
||||
---------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
A major motivation for writing the py lib stems from needs
|
||||
during PyPy_ development, most importantly testing and
|
||||
file system access issues. PyPy puts a lot of pressure
|
||||
on a testing environment and thus is a good **reality test**.
|
||||
|
||||
Who is "we"?
|
||||
=============================
|
||||
|
||||
Some initial code was written from *Jens-Uwe Mager* and *Holger
|
||||
Krekel*, after which Holger continued on a previous
|
||||
incarnations of the py.test tool (known first as 'utest', then
|
||||
as 'std.utest', now for some 2 years 'py.test').
|
||||
|
||||
Helpful discussions took place with *Martijn Faassen*, *Stephan
|
||||
Schwarzer*, *Brian Dorsey*, *Grigh Gheorghiu* and then
|
||||
*Armin Rigo* who contributed important parts.
|
||||
He and Holger came up with a couple of iterations of the
|
||||
testing-code that reduced the API to basically nothing: just the
|
||||
plain assert statement and a ``py.test.raises`` method to
|
||||
check for occuring exceptions within tests.
|
||||
|
||||
Currently (as of 2007), there are more people involved
|
||||
and also have worked funded through merlinux_ and the
|
||||
PyPy EU project, Carl Friedrich Bolz, Guido Wesdorp
|
||||
and Maciej Fijalkowski who contributed particularly
|
||||
in 2006 and 2007 major parts of the py lib.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`talk at EP2004`: http://codespeak.net/svn/user/hpk/talks/std-talk.txt
|
||||
.. _`coding style`: coding-style.html
|
||||
.. _`PEP 8`: http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0008.html
|
||||
.. _`py-dev mailing list`: http://codespeak.net/mailman/listinfo/py-dev
|
||||
.. _`test environment`: test.html
|
||||
.. _`PyPy`: http://codespeak.net/pypy
|
||||
.. _future: future.html
|
||||
.. _`py.test tool and library`: test.html
|
||||
.. _merlinux: http://merlinux.de
|
||||
|
||||
--
|
||||
|
||||
.. [#] FOSS is an evolving acronym for Free and Open Source Software
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,169 +0,0 @@
|
|||
====================================================
|
||||
py.xml: Lightweight and flexible xml/html generation
|
||||
====================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Motivation
|
||||
==========
|
||||
|
||||
There are a plethora of frameworks and libraries to generate
|
||||
xml and html trees. However, many of them are large, have a
|
||||
steep learning curve and are often hard to debug. Not to
|
||||
speak of the fact that they are frameworks to begin with.
|
||||
|
||||
The py lib strives to offer enough functionality to represent
|
||||
itself and especially its API in html or xml.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _xist: http://www.livinglogic.de/Python/xist/index.html
|
||||
.. _`exchange data`: execnet.html#exchange-data
|
||||
|
||||
a pythonic object model , please
|
||||
================================
|
||||
|
||||
The py lib offers a pythonic way to generate xml/html, based on
|
||||
ideas from xist_ which `uses python class objects`_ to build
|
||||
xml trees. However, xist_'s implementation is somewhat heavy
|
||||
because it has additional goals like transformations and
|
||||
supporting many namespaces. But its basic idea is very easy.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`uses python class objects`: http://www.livinglogic.de/Python/xist/Howto.html
|
||||
|
||||
generating arbitrary xml structures
|
||||
-----------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
With ``py.xml.Namespace`` you have the basis
|
||||
to generate custom xml-fragments on the fly::
|
||||
|
||||
class ns(py.xml.Namespace):
|
||||
"my custom xml namespace"
|
||||
doc = ns.books(
|
||||
ns.book(
|
||||
ns.author("May Day"),
|
||||
ns.title("python for java programmers"),),
|
||||
ns.book(
|
||||
ns.author("why"),
|
||||
ns.title("Java for Python programmers"),),
|
||||
publisher="N.N",
|
||||
)
|
||||
print doc.unicode(indent=2).encode('utf8')
|
||||
|
||||
will give you this representation::
|
||||
|
||||
<books publisher="N.N">
|
||||
<book>
|
||||
<author>May Day</author>
|
||||
<title>python for java programmers</title></book>
|
||||
<book>
|
||||
<author>why</author>
|
||||
<title>Java for Python programmers</title></book></books>
|
||||
|
||||
In a sentence: positional arguments are child-tags and
|
||||
keyword-arguments are attributes.
|
||||
|
||||
On a side note, you'll see that the unicode-serializer
|
||||
supports a nice indentation style which keeps your generated
|
||||
html readable, basically through emulating python's white
|
||||
space significance by putting closing-tags rightmost and
|
||||
almost invisible at first glance :-)
|
||||
|
||||
basic example for generating html
|
||||
---------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Consider this example::
|
||||
|
||||
from py.xml import html # html namespace
|
||||
|
||||
paras = "First Para", "Second para"
|
||||
|
||||
doc = html.html(
|
||||
html.head(
|
||||
html.meta(name="Content-Type", value="text/html; charset=latin1")),
|
||||
html.body(
|
||||
[html.p(p) for p in paras]))
|
||||
|
||||
print unicode(doc).encode('latin1')
|
||||
|
||||
Again, tags are objects which contain tags and have attributes.
|
||||
More exactly, Tags inherit from the list type and thus can be
|
||||
manipulated as list objects. They additionally support a default
|
||||
way to represent themselves as a serialized unicode object.
|
||||
|
||||
If you happen to look at the py.xml implementation you'll
|
||||
note that the tag/namespace implementation consumes some 50 lines
|
||||
with another 50 lines for the unicode serialization code.
|
||||
|
||||
CSS-styling your html Tags
|
||||
--------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
One aspect where many of the huge python xml/html generation
|
||||
frameworks utterly fail is a clean and convenient integration
|
||||
of CSS styling. Often, developers are left alone with keeping
|
||||
CSS style definitions in sync with some style files
|
||||
represented as strings (often in a separate .css file). Not
|
||||
only is this hard to debug but the missing abstractions make
|
||||
it hard to modify the styling of your tags or to choose custom
|
||||
style representations (inline, html.head or external). Add the
|
||||
Browers usual tolerance of messyness and errors in Style
|
||||
references and welcome to hell, known as the domain of
|
||||
developing web applications :-)
|
||||
|
||||
By contrast, consider this CSS styling example::
|
||||
|
||||
class my(html):
|
||||
"my initial custom style"
|
||||
class body(html.body):
|
||||
style = html.Style(font_size = "120%")
|
||||
|
||||
class h2(html.h2):
|
||||
style = html.Style(background = "grey")
|
||||
|
||||
class p(html.p):
|
||||
style = html.Style(font_weight="bold")
|
||||
|
||||
doc = my.html(
|
||||
my.head(),
|
||||
my.body(
|
||||
my.h2("hello world"),
|
||||
my.p("bold as bold can")
|
||||
)
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
print doc.unicode(indent=2)
|
||||
|
||||
This will give you a small'n mean self contained
|
||||
represenation by default::
|
||||
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<head/>
|
||||
<body style="font-size: 120%">
|
||||
<h2 style="background: grey">hello world</h2>
|
||||
<p style="font-weight: bold">bold as bold can</p></body></html>
|
||||
|
||||
Most importantly, note that the inline-styling is just an
|
||||
implementation detail of the unicode serialization code.
|
||||
You can easily modify the serialization to put your styling into the
|
||||
``html.head`` or in a separate file and autogenerate CSS-class
|
||||
names or ids.
|
||||
|
||||
Hey, you could even write tests that you are using correct
|
||||
styles suitable for specific browser requirements. Did i mention
|
||||
that the ability to easily write tests for your generated
|
||||
html and its serialization could help to develop _stable_ user
|
||||
interfaces?
|
||||
|
||||
More to come ...
|
||||
----------------
|
||||
|
||||
For now, i don't think we should strive to offer much more
|
||||
than the above. However, it is probably not hard to offer
|
||||
*partial serialization* to allow generating maybe hundreds of
|
||||
complex html documents per second. Basically we would allow
|
||||
putting callables both as Tag content and as values of
|
||||
attributes. A slightly more advanced Serialization would then
|
||||
produce a list of unicode objects intermingled with callables.
|
||||
At HTTP-Request time the callables would get called to
|
||||
complete the probably request-specific serialization of
|
||||
your Tags. Hum, it's probably harder to explain this than to
|
||||
actually code it :-)
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`py.test`: test.html
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,414 +0,0 @@
|
|||
/**
|
||||
* Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme
|
||||
* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */
|
||||
|
||||
div.documentwrapper {
|
||||
float: left;
|
||||
width: 100%;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.bodywrapper {
|
||||
margin: 0 0 0 230px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.clearer {
|
||||
clear: both;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* -- relbar ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
|
||||
|
||||
div.related {
|
||||
width: 100%;
|
||||
font-size: 90%;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.related h3 {
|
||||
display: none;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.related ul {
|
||||
margin: 0;
|
||||
padding: 0 0 0 10px;
|
||||
list-style: none;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.related li {
|
||||
display: inline;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.related li.right {
|
||||
float: right;
|
||||
margin-right: 5px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */
|
||||
|
||||
div.sphinxsidebarwrapper {
|
||||
padding: 10px 5px 0 10px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.sphinxsidebar {
|
||||
float: left;
|
||||
width: 230px;
|
||||
margin-left: -100%;
|
||||
font-size: 90%;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.sphinxsidebar ul {
|
||||
list-style: none;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.sphinxsidebar ul ul,
|
||||
div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points {
|
||||
margin-left: 20px;
|
||||
list-style: square;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.sphinxsidebar ul ul {
|
||||
margin-top: 0;
|
||||
margin-bottom: 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.sphinxsidebar form {
|
||||
margin-top: 10px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.sphinxsidebar input {
|
||||
border: 1px solid #98dbcc;
|
||||
font-family: sans-serif;
|
||||
font-size: 1em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
img {
|
||||
border: 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */
|
||||
|
||||
ul.search {
|
||||
margin: 10px 0 0 20px;
|
||||
padding: 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
ul.search li {
|
||||
padding: 5px 0 5px 20px;
|
||||
background-image: url(file.png);
|
||||
background-repeat: no-repeat;
|
||||
background-position: 0 7px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
ul.search li a {
|
||||
font-weight: bold;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
ul.search li div.context {
|
||||
color: #888;
|
||||
margin: 2px 0 0 30px;
|
||||
text-align: left;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a {
|
||||
font-weight: bold;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */
|
||||
|
||||
table.contentstable {
|
||||
width: 90%;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
table.contentstable p.biglink {
|
||||
line-height: 150%;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
a.biglink {
|
||||
font-size: 1.3em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
span.linkdescr {
|
||||
font-style: italic;
|
||||
padding-top: 5px;
|
||||
font-size: 90%;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */
|
||||
|
||||
table.indextable td {
|
||||
text-align: left;
|
||||
vertical-align: top;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
table.indextable dl, table.indextable dd {
|
||||
margin-top: 0;
|
||||
margin-bottom: 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
table.indextable tr.pcap {
|
||||
height: 10px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
table.indextable tr.cap {
|
||||
margin-top: 10px;
|
||||
background-color: #f2f2f2;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
img.toggler {
|
||||
margin-right: 3px;
|
||||
margin-top: 3px;
|
||||
cursor: pointer;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */
|
||||
|
||||
a.headerlink {
|
||||
visibility: hidden;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
h1:hover > a.headerlink,
|
||||
h2:hover > a.headerlink,
|
||||
h3:hover > a.headerlink,
|
||||
h4:hover > a.headerlink,
|
||||
h5:hover > a.headerlink,
|
||||
h6:hover > a.headerlink,
|
||||
dt:hover > a.headerlink {
|
||||
visibility: visible;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.body p.caption {
|
||||
text-align: inherit;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.body td {
|
||||
text-align: left;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.field-list ul {
|
||||
padding-left: 1em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.first {
|
||||
margin-top: 0 !important;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
p.rubric {
|
||||
margin-top: 30px;
|
||||
font-weight: bold;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */
|
||||
|
||||
div.sidebar {
|
||||
margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em;
|
||||
border: 1px solid #ddb;
|
||||
padding: 7px 7px 0 7px;
|
||||
background-color: #ffe;
|
||||
width: 40%;
|
||||
float: right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
p.sidebar-title {
|
||||
font-weight: bold;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
|
||||
|
||||
div.topic {
|
||||
border: 1px solid #ccc;
|
||||
padding: 7px 7px 0 7px;
|
||||
margin: 10px 0 10px 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
p.topic-title {
|
||||
font-size: 1.1em;
|
||||
font-weight: bold;
|
||||
margin-top: 10px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */
|
||||
|
||||
div.admonition {
|
||||
margin-top: 10px;
|
||||
margin-bottom: 10px;
|
||||
padding: 7px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.admonition dt {
|
||||
font-weight: bold;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.admonition dl {
|
||||
margin-bottom: 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
p.admonition-title {
|
||||
margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px;
|
||||
font-weight: bold;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.body p.centered {
|
||||
text-align: center;
|
||||
margin-top: 25px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
|
||||
|
||||
table.docutils {
|
||||
border: 0;
|
||||
border-collapse: collapse;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
table.docutils td, table.docutils th {
|
||||
padding: 1px 8px 1px 0;
|
||||
border-top: 0;
|
||||
border-left: 0;
|
||||
border-right: 0;
|
||||
border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
table.field-list td, table.field-list th {
|
||||
border: 0 !important;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
table.footnote td, table.footnote th {
|
||||
border: 0 !important;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
th {
|
||||
text-align: left;
|
||||
padding-right: 5px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */
|
||||
|
||||
dl {
|
||||
margin-bottom: 15px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
dd p {
|
||||
margin-top: 0px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
dd ul, dd table {
|
||||
margin-bottom: 10px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
dd {
|
||||
margin-top: 3px;
|
||||
margin-bottom: 10px;
|
||||
margin-left: 30px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
dt:target, .highlight {
|
||||
background-color: #fbe54e;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
dl.glossary dt {
|
||||
font-weight: bold;
|
||||
font-size: 1.1em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.field-list ul {
|
||||
margin: 0;
|
||||
padding-left: 1em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.field-list p {
|
||||
margin: 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.refcount {
|
||||
color: #060;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.optional {
|
||||
font-size: 1.3em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.versionmodified {
|
||||
font-style: italic;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.system-message {
|
||||
background-color: #fda;
|
||||
padding: 5px;
|
||||
border: 3px solid red;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.footnote:target {
|
||||
background-color: #ffa
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */
|
||||
|
||||
pre {
|
||||
overflow: auto;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
td.linenos pre {
|
||||
padding: 5px 0px;
|
||||
border: 0;
|
||||
background-color: transparent;
|
||||
color: #aaa;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
table.highlighttable {
|
||||
margin-left: 0.5em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
table.highlighttable td {
|
||||
padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
tt.descname {
|
||||
background-color: transparent;
|
||||
font-weight: bold;
|
||||
font-size: 1.2em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
tt.descclassname {
|
||||
background-color: transparent;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
tt.xref, a tt {
|
||||
background-color: transparent;
|
||||
font-weight: bold;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
h1 tt, h2 tt, h3 tt, h4 tt, h5 tt, h6 tt {
|
||||
background-color: transparent;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */
|
||||
|
||||
img.math {
|
||||
vertical-align: middle;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.math p {
|
||||
text-align: center;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
span.eqno {
|
||||
float: right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */
|
||||
|
||||
@media print {
|
||||
div.document,
|
||||
div.documentwrapper,
|
||||
div.bodywrapper {
|
||||
margin: 0;
|
||||
width: 100%;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.sphinxsidebar,
|
||||
div.related,
|
||||
div.footer,
|
||||
#top-link {
|
||||
display: none;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,201 +0,0 @@
|
|||
/**
|
||||
* Sphinx stylesheet -- default theme
|
||||
* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
@import url("basic.css");
|
||||
|
||||
/* -- page layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */
|
||||
|
||||
body {
|
||||
font-family: sans-serif;
|
||||
font-size: 100%;
|
||||
background-color: #11303d;
|
||||
color: #000;
|
||||
margin: 0;
|
||||
padding: 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.document {
|
||||
background-color: #1c4e63;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.body {
|
||||
background-color: #ffffff;
|
||||
color: #000000;
|
||||
padding: 0 20px 30px 20px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.footer {
|
||||
color: #ffffff;
|
||||
width: 100%;
|
||||
padding: 9px 0 9px 0;
|
||||
text-align: center;
|
||||
font-size: 75%;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.footer a {
|
||||
color: #ffffff;
|
||||
text-decoration: underline;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.related {
|
||||
background-color: #133f52;
|
||||
line-height: 30px;
|
||||
color: #ffffff;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.related a {
|
||||
color: #ffffff;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.sphinxsidebar {
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.sphinxsidebar h3 {
|
||||
font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;
|
||||
color: #ffffff;
|
||||
font-size: 1.4em;
|
||||
font-weight: normal;
|
||||
margin: 0;
|
||||
padding: 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.sphinxsidebar h3 a {
|
||||
color: #ffffff;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.sphinxsidebar h4 {
|
||||
font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;
|
||||
color: #ffffff;
|
||||
font-size: 1.3em;
|
||||
font-weight: normal;
|
||||
margin: 5px 0 0 0;
|
||||
padding: 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.sphinxsidebar p {
|
||||
color: #ffffff;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.sphinxsidebar p.topless {
|
||||
margin: 5px 10px 10px 10px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.sphinxsidebar ul {
|
||||
margin: 10px;
|
||||
padding: 0;
|
||||
color: #ffffff;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.sphinxsidebar a {
|
||||
color: #98dbcc;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.sphinxsidebar input {
|
||||
border: 1px solid #98dbcc;
|
||||
font-family: sans-serif;
|
||||
font-size: 1em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* -- body styles ----------------------------------------------------------- */
|
||||
|
||||
a {
|
||||
color: #355f7c;
|
||||
text-decoration: none;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
a:hover {
|
||||
text-decoration: underline;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li {
|
||||
text-align: justify;
|
||||
line-height: 130%;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.body h1,
|
||||
div.body h2,
|
||||
div.body h3,
|
||||
div.body h4,
|
||||
div.body h5,
|
||||
div.body h6 {
|
||||
font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;
|
||||
background-color: #f2f2f2;
|
||||
font-weight: normal;
|
||||
color: #20435c;
|
||||
border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
|
||||
margin: 20px -20px 10px -20px;
|
||||
padding: 3px 0 3px 10px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.body h1 { margin-top: 0; font-size: 200%; }
|
||||
div.body h2 { font-size: 160%; }
|
||||
div.body h3 { font-size: 140%; }
|
||||
div.body h4 { font-size: 120%; }
|
||||
div.body h5 { font-size: 110%; }
|
||||
div.body h6 { font-size: 100%; }
|
||||
|
||||
a.headerlink {
|
||||
color: #c60f0f;
|
||||
font-size: 0.8em;
|
||||
padding: 0 4px 0 4px;
|
||||
text-decoration: none;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
a.headerlink:hover {
|
||||
background-color: #c60f0f;
|
||||
color: white;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li {
|
||||
text-align: justify;
|
||||
line-height: 130%;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.admonition p.admonition-title + p {
|
||||
display: inline;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.note {
|
||||
background-color: #eee;
|
||||
border: 1px solid #ccc;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.seealso {
|
||||
background-color: #ffc;
|
||||
border: 1px solid #ff6;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.topic {
|
||||
background-color: #eee;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
div.warning {
|
||||
background-color: #ffe4e4;
|
||||
border: 1px solid #f66;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
p.admonition-title {
|
||||
display: inline;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
p.admonition-title:after {
|
||||
content: ":";
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
pre {
|
||||
padding: 5px;
|
||||
background-color: #eeffcc;
|
||||
color: #333333;
|
||||
line-height: 120%;
|
||||
border: 1px solid #ac9;
|
||||
border-left: none;
|
||||
border-right: none;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
tt {
|
||||
background-color: #ecf0f3;
|
||||
padding: 0 1px 0 1px;
|
||||
font-size: 0.95em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,232 +0,0 @@
|
|||
/// XXX: make it cross browser
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* make the code below compatible with browsers without
|
||||
* an installed firebug like debugger
|
||||
*/
|
||||
if (!window.console || !console.firebug) {
|
||||
var names = ["log", "debug", "info", "warn", "error", "assert", "dir", "dirxml",
|
||||
"group", "groupEnd", "time", "timeEnd", "count", "trace", "profile", "profileEnd"];
|
||||
window.console = {};
|
||||
for (var i = 0; i < names.length; ++i)
|
||||
window.console[names[i]] = function() {}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* small helper function to urldecode strings
|
||||
*/
|
||||
jQuery.urldecode = function(x) {
|
||||
return decodeURIComponent(x).replace(/\+/g, ' ');
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* small helper function to urlencode strings
|
||||
*/
|
||||
jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent;
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* This function returns the parsed url parameters of the
|
||||
* current request. Multiple values per key are supported,
|
||||
* it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) {
|
||||
if (typeof s == 'undefined')
|
||||
s = document.location.search;
|
||||
var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&');
|
||||
var result = {};
|
||||
for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
|
||||
var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2);
|
||||
var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]);
|
||||
var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]);
|
||||
if (key in result)
|
||||
result[key].push(value);
|
||||
else
|
||||
result[key] = [value];
|
||||
}
|
||||
return result;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* small function to check if an array contains
|
||||
* a given item.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
jQuery.contains = function(arr, item) {
|
||||
for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
|
||||
if (arr[i] == item)
|
||||
return true;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in
|
||||
* span elements with the given class name.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) {
|
||||
function highlight(node) {
|
||||
if (node.nodeType == 3) {
|
||||
var val = node.nodeValue;
|
||||
var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text);
|
||||
if (pos >= 0 && !jQuery.className.has(node.parentNode, className)) {
|
||||
var span = document.createElement("span");
|
||||
span.className = className;
|
||||
span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length)));
|
||||
node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore(
|
||||
document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)),
|
||||
node.nextSibling));
|
||||
node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) {
|
||||
jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() {
|
||||
highlight(this)
|
||||
});
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return this.each(function() {
|
||||
highlight(this);
|
||||
});
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Small JavaScript module for the documentation.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
var Documentation = {
|
||||
|
||||
init : function() {
|
||||
this.fixFirefoxAnchorBug();
|
||||
this.highlightSearchWords();
|
||||
this.initModIndex();
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* i18n support
|
||||
*/
|
||||
TRANSLATIONS : {},
|
||||
PLURAL_EXPR : function(n) { return n == 1 ? 0 : 1; },
|
||||
LOCALE : 'unknown',
|
||||
|
||||
// gettext and ngettext don't access this so that the functions
|
||||
// can savely bound to a different name (_ = Documentation.gettext)
|
||||
gettext : function(string) {
|
||||
var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string];
|
||||
if (typeof translated == 'undefined')
|
||||
return string;
|
||||
return (typeof translated == 'string') ? translated : translated[0];
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
ngettext : function(singular, plural, n) {
|
||||
var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular];
|
||||
if (typeof translated == 'undefined')
|
||||
return (n == 1) ? singular : plural;
|
||||
return translated[Documentation.PLURALEXPR(n)];
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
addTranslations : function(catalog) {
|
||||
for (var key in catalog.messages)
|
||||
this.TRANSLATIONS[key] = catalog.messages[key];
|
||||
this.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function('n', 'return +(' + catalog.plural_expr + ')');
|
||||
this.LOCALE = catalog.locale;
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* add context elements like header anchor links
|
||||
*/
|
||||
addContextElements : function() {
|
||||
$('div[id] > :header:first').each(function() {
|
||||
$('<a class="headerlink">\u00B6</a>').
|
||||
attr('href', '#' + this.id).
|
||||
attr('title', _('Permalink to this headline')).
|
||||
appendTo(this);
|
||||
});
|
||||
$('dt[id]').each(function() {
|
||||
$('<a class="headerlink">\u00B6</a>').
|
||||
attr('href', '#' + this.id).
|
||||
attr('title', _('Permalink to this definition')).
|
||||
appendTo(this);
|
||||
});
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* workaround a firefox stupidity
|
||||
*/
|
||||
fixFirefoxAnchorBug : function() {
|
||||
if (document.location.hash && $.browser.mozilla)
|
||||
window.setTimeout(function() {
|
||||
document.location.href += '';
|
||||
}, 10);
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* highlight the search words provided in the url in the text
|
||||
*/
|
||||
highlightSearchWords : function() {
|
||||
var params = $.getQueryParameters();
|
||||
var terms = (params.highlight) ? params.highlight[0].split(/\s+/) : [];
|
||||
if (terms.length) {
|
||||
var body = $('div.body');
|
||||
window.setTimeout(function() {
|
||||
$.each(terms, function() {
|
||||
body.highlightText(this.toLowerCase(), 'highlight');
|
||||
});
|
||||
}, 10);
|
||||
$('<li class="highlight-link"><a href="javascript:Documentation.' +
|
||||
'hideSearchWords()">' + _('Hide Search Matches') + '</a></li>')
|
||||
.appendTo($('.sidebar .this-page-menu'));
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* init the modindex toggle buttons
|
||||
*/
|
||||
initModIndex : function() {
|
||||
var togglers = $('img.toggler').click(function() {
|
||||
var src = $(this).attr('src');
|
||||
var idnum = $(this).attr('id').substr(7);
|
||||
console.log($('tr.cg-' + idnum).toggle());
|
||||
if (src.substr(-9) == 'minus.png')
|
||||
$(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-9) + 'plus.png');
|
||||
else
|
||||
$(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-8) + 'minus.png');
|
||||
}).css('display', '');
|
||||
if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_MODINDEX) {
|
||||
togglers.click();
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* helper function to hide the search marks again
|
||||
*/
|
||||
hideSearchWords : function() {
|
||||
$('.sidebar .this-page-menu li.highlight-link').fadeOut(300);
|
||||
$('span.highlight').removeClass('highlight');
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* make the url absolute
|
||||
*/
|
||||
makeURL : function(relativeURL) {
|
||||
return DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT + '/' + relativeURL;
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* get the current relative url
|
||||
*/
|
||||
getCurrentURL : function() {
|
||||
var path = document.location.pathname;
|
||||
var parts = path.split(/\//);
|
||||
$.each(DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT.split(/\//), function() {
|
||||
if (this == '..')
|
||||
parts.pop();
|
||||
});
|
||||
var url = parts.join('/');
|
||||
return path.substring(url.lastIndexOf('/') + 1, path.length - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
// quick alias for translations
|
||||
_ = Documentation.gettext;
|
||||
|
||||
$(document).ready(function() {
|
||||
Documentation.init();
|
||||
});
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 392 B |
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 199 B |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 199 B |
|
|
@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
|
|||
.hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
|
||||
.c { color: #408090; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
|
||||
.err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
|
||||
.k { color: #007020; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
|
||||
.o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
|
||||
.cm { color: #408090; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
|
||||
.cp { color: #007020 } /* Comment.Preproc */
|
||||
.c1 { color: #408090; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
|
||||
.cs { color: #408090; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Comment.Special */
|
||||
.gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
|
||||
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
|
||||
.gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
|
||||
.gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
|
||||
.gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
|
||||
.go { color: #303030 } /* Generic.Output */
|
||||
.gp { color: #c65d09; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
|
||||
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
|
||||
.gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
|
||||
.gt { color: #0040D0 } /* Generic.Traceback */
|
||||
.kc { color: #007020; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
|
||||
.kd { color: #007020; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
|
||||
.kn { color: #007020; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
|
||||
.kp { color: #007020 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
|
||||
.kr { color: #007020; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
|
||||
.kt { color: #902000 } /* Keyword.Type */
|
||||
.m { color: #208050 } /* Literal.Number */
|
||||
.s { color: #4070a0 } /* Literal.String */
|
||||
.na { color: #4070a0 } /* Name.Attribute */
|
||||
.nb { color: #007020 } /* Name.Builtin */
|
||||
.nc { color: #0e84b5; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
|
||||
.no { color: #60add5 } /* Name.Constant */
|
||||
.nd { color: #555555; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Decorator */
|
||||
.ni { color: #d55537; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
|
||||
.ne { color: #007020 } /* Name.Exception */
|
||||
.nf { color: #06287e } /* Name.Function */
|
||||
.nl { color: #002070; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Label */
|
||||
.nn { color: #0e84b5; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
|
||||
.nt { color: #062873; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
|
||||
.nv { color: #bb60d5 } /* Name.Variable */
|
||||
.ow { color: #007020; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
|
||||
.w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
|
||||
.mf { color: #208050 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
|
||||
.mh { color: #208050 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
|
||||
.mi { color: #208050 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
|
||||
.mo { color: #208050 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
|
||||
.sb { color: #4070a0 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
|
||||
.sc { color: #4070a0 } /* Literal.String.Char */
|
||||
.sd { color: #4070a0; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
|
||||
.s2 { color: #4070a0 } /* Literal.String.Double */
|
||||
.se { color: #4070a0; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
|
||||
.sh { color: #4070a0 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
|
||||
.si { color: #70a0d0; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
|
||||
.sx { color: #c65d09 } /* Literal.String.Other */
|
||||
.sr { color: #235388 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
|
||||
.s1 { color: #4070a0 } /* Literal.String.Single */
|
||||
.ss { color: #517918 } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
|
||||
.bp { color: #007020 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
|
||||
.vc { color: #bb60d5 } /* Name.Variable.Class */
|
||||
.vg { color: #bb60d5 } /* Name.Variable.Global */
|
||||
.vi { color: #bb60d5 } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
|
||||
.il { color: #208050 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,467 +0,0 @@
|
|||
/**
|
||||
* helper function to return a node containing the
|
||||
* search summary for a given text. keywords is a list
|
||||
* of stemmed words, hlwords is the list of normal, unstemmed
|
||||
* words. the first one is used to find the occurance, the
|
||||
* latter for highlighting it.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
jQuery.makeSearchSummary = function(text, keywords, hlwords) {
|
||||
var textLower = text.toLowerCase();
|
||||
var start = 0;
|
||||
$.each(keywords, function() {
|
||||
var i = textLower.indexOf(this.toLowerCase());
|
||||
if (i > -1)
|
||||
start = i;
|
||||
});
|
||||
start = Math.max(start - 120, 0);
|
||||
var excerpt = ((start > 0) ? '...' : '') +
|
||||
$.trim(text.substr(start, 240)) +
|
||||
((start + 240 - text.length) ? '...' : '');
|
||||
var rv = $('<div class="context"></div>').text(excerpt);
|
||||
$.each(hlwords, function() {
|
||||
rv = rv.highlightText(this, 'highlight');
|
||||
});
|
||||
return rv;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Porter Stemmer
|
||||
*/
|
||||
var PorterStemmer = function() {
|
||||
|
||||
var step2list = {
|
||||
ational: 'ate',
|
||||
tional: 'tion',
|
||||
enci: 'ence',
|
||||
anci: 'ance',
|
||||
izer: 'ize',
|
||||
bli: 'ble',
|
||||
alli: 'al',
|
||||
entli: 'ent',
|
||||
eli: 'e',
|
||||
ousli: 'ous',
|
||||
ization: 'ize',
|
||||
ation: 'ate',
|
||||
ator: 'ate',
|
||||
alism: 'al',
|
||||
iveness: 'ive',
|
||||
fulness: 'ful',
|
||||
ousness: 'ous',
|
||||
aliti: 'al',
|
||||
iviti: 'ive',
|
||||
biliti: 'ble',
|
||||
logi: 'log'
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
var step3list = {
|
||||
icate: 'ic',
|
||||
ative: '',
|
||||
alize: 'al',
|
||||
iciti: 'ic',
|
||||
ical: 'ic',
|
||||
ful: '',
|
||||
ness: ''
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
var c = "[^aeiou]"; // consonant
|
||||
var v = "[aeiouy]"; // vowel
|
||||
var C = c + "[^aeiouy]*"; // consonant sequence
|
||||
var V = v + "[aeiou]*"; // vowel sequence
|
||||
|
||||
var mgr0 = "^(" + C + ")?" + V + C; // [C]VC... is m>0
|
||||
var meq1 = "^(" + C + ")?" + V + C + "(" + V + ")?$"; // [C]VC[V] is m=1
|
||||
var mgr1 = "^(" + C + ")?" + V + C + V + C; // [C]VCVC... is m>1
|
||||
var s_v = "^(" + C + ")?" + v; // vowel in stem
|
||||
|
||||
this.stemWord = function (w) {
|
||||
var stem;
|
||||
var suffix;
|
||||
var firstch;
|
||||
var origword = w;
|
||||
|
||||
if (w.length < 3)
|
||||
return w;
|
||||
|
||||
var re;
|
||||
var re2;
|
||||
var re3;
|
||||
var re4;
|
||||
|
||||
firstch = w.substr(0,1);
|
||||
if (firstch == "y")
|
||||
w = firstch.toUpperCase() + w.substr(1);
|
||||
|
||||
// Step 1a
|
||||
re = /^(.+?)(ss|i)es$/;
|
||||
re2 = /^(.+?)([^s])s$/;
|
||||
|
||||
if (re.test(w))
|
||||
w = w.replace(re,"$1$2");
|
||||
else if (re2.test(w))
|
||||
w = w.replace(re2,"$1$2");
|
||||
|
||||
// Step 1b
|
||||
re = /^(.+?)eed$/;
|
||||
re2 = /^(.+?)(ed|ing)$/;
|
||||
if (re.test(w)) {
|
||||
var fp = re.exec(w);
|
||||
re = new RegExp(mgr0);
|
||||
if (re.test(fp[1])) {
|
||||
re = /.$/;
|
||||
w = w.replace(re,"");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
else if (re2.test(w)) {
|
||||
var fp = re2.exec(w);
|
||||
stem = fp[1];
|
||||
re2 = new RegExp(s_v);
|
||||
if (re2.test(stem)) {
|
||||
w = stem;
|
||||
re2 = /(at|bl|iz)$/;
|
||||
re3 = new RegExp("([^aeiouylsz])\\1$");
|
||||
re4 = new RegExp("^" + C + v + "[^aeiouwxy]$");
|
||||
if (re2.test(w))
|
||||
w = w + "e";
|
||||
else if (re3.test(w)) {
|
||||
re = /.$/;
|
||||
w = w.replace(re,"");
|
||||
}
|
||||
else if (re4.test(w))
|
||||
w = w + "e";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Step 1c
|
||||
re = /^(.+?)y$/;
|
||||
if (re.test(w)) {
|
||||
var fp = re.exec(w);
|
||||
stem = fp[1];
|
||||
re = new RegExp(s_v);
|
||||
if (re.test(stem))
|
||||
w = stem + "i";
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Step 2
|
||||
re = /^(.+?)(ational|tional|enci|anci|izer|bli|alli|entli|eli|ousli|ization|ation|ator|alism|iveness|fulness|ousness|aliti|iviti|biliti|logi)$/;
|
||||
if (re.test(w)) {
|
||||
var fp = re.exec(w);
|
||||
stem = fp[1];
|
||||
suffix = fp[2];
|
||||
re = new RegExp(mgr0);
|
||||
if (re.test(stem))
|
||||
w = stem + step2list[suffix];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Step 3
|
||||
re = /^(.+?)(icate|ative|alize|iciti|ical|ful|ness)$/;
|
||||
if (re.test(w)) {
|
||||
var fp = re.exec(w);
|
||||
stem = fp[1];
|
||||
suffix = fp[2];
|
||||
re = new RegExp(mgr0);
|
||||
if (re.test(stem))
|
||||
w = stem + step3list[suffix];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Step 4
|
||||
re = /^(.+?)(al|ance|ence|er|ic|able|ible|ant|ement|ment|ent|ou|ism|ate|iti|ous|ive|ize)$/;
|
||||
re2 = /^(.+?)(s|t)(ion)$/;
|
||||
if (re.test(w)) {
|
||||
var fp = re.exec(w);
|
||||
stem = fp[1];
|
||||
re = new RegExp(mgr1);
|
||||
if (re.test(stem))
|
||||
w = stem;
|
||||
}
|
||||
else if (re2.test(w)) {
|
||||
var fp = re2.exec(w);
|
||||
stem = fp[1] + fp[2];
|
||||
re2 = new RegExp(mgr1);
|
||||
if (re2.test(stem))
|
||||
w = stem;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Step 5
|
||||
re = /^(.+?)e$/;
|
||||
if (re.test(w)) {
|
||||
var fp = re.exec(w);
|
||||
stem = fp[1];
|
||||
re = new RegExp(mgr1);
|
||||
re2 = new RegExp(meq1);
|
||||
re3 = new RegExp("^" + C + v + "[^aeiouwxy]$");
|
||||
if (re.test(stem) || (re2.test(stem) && !(re3.test(stem))))
|
||||
w = stem;
|
||||
}
|
||||
re = /ll$/;
|
||||
re2 = new RegExp(mgr1);
|
||||
if (re.test(w) && re2.test(w)) {
|
||||
re = /.$/;
|
||||
w = w.replace(re,"");
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// and turn initial Y back to y
|
||||
if (firstch == "y")
|
||||
w = firstch.toLowerCase() + w.substr(1);
|
||||
return w;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Search Module
|
||||
*/
|
||||
var Search = {
|
||||
|
||||
_index : null,
|
||||
_queued_query : null,
|
||||
_pulse_status : -1,
|
||||
|
||||
init : function() {
|
||||
var params = $.getQueryParameters();
|
||||
if (params.q) {
|
||||
var query = params.q[0];
|
||||
$('input[name="q"]')[0].value = query;
|
||||
this.performSearch(query);
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Sets the index
|
||||
*/
|
||||
setIndex : function(index) {
|
||||
var q;
|
||||
this._index = index;
|
||||
if ((q = this._queued_query) !== null) {
|
||||
this._queued_query = null;
|
||||
Search.query(q);
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
hasIndex : function() {
|
||||
return this._index !== null;
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
deferQuery : function(query) {
|
||||
this._queued_query = query;
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
stopPulse : function() {
|
||||
this._pulse_status = 0;
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
startPulse : function() {
|
||||
if (this._pulse_status >= 0)
|
||||
return;
|
||||
function pulse() {
|
||||
Search._pulse_status = (Search._pulse_status + 1) % 4;
|
||||
var dotString = '';
|
||||
for (var i = 0; i < Search._pulse_status; i++)
|
||||
dotString += '.';
|
||||
Search.dots.text(dotString);
|
||||
if (Search._pulse_status > -1)
|
||||
window.setTimeout(pulse, 500);
|
||||
};
|
||||
pulse();
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* perform a search for something
|
||||
*/
|
||||
performSearch : function(query) {
|
||||
// create the required interface elements
|
||||
this.out = $('#search-results');
|
||||
this.title = $('<h2>' + _('Searching') + '</h2>').appendTo(this.out);
|
||||
this.dots = $('<span></span>').appendTo(this.title);
|
||||
this.status = $('<p style="display: none"></p>').appendTo(this.out);
|
||||
this.output = $('<ul class="search"/>').appendTo(this.out);
|
||||
|
||||
$('#search-progress').text(_('Preparing search...'));
|
||||
this.startPulse();
|
||||
|
||||
// index already loaded, the browser was quick!
|
||||
if (this.hasIndex())
|
||||
this.query(query);
|
||||
else
|
||||
this.deferQuery(query);
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
query : function(query) {
|
||||
// stem the searchterms and add them to the
|
||||
// correct list
|
||||
var stemmer = new PorterStemmer();
|
||||
var searchterms = [];
|
||||
var excluded = [];
|
||||
var hlterms = [];
|
||||
var tmp = query.split(/\s+/);
|
||||
var object = (tmp.length == 1) ? tmp[0].toLowerCase() : null;
|
||||
for (var i = 0; i < tmp.length; i++) {
|
||||
// stem the word
|
||||
var word = stemmer.stemWord(tmp[i]).toLowerCase();
|
||||
// select the correct list
|
||||
if (word[0] == '-') {
|
||||
var toAppend = excluded;
|
||||
word = word.substr(1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
var toAppend = searchterms;
|
||||
hlterms.push(tmp[i].toLowerCase());
|
||||
}
|
||||
// only add if not already in the list
|
||||
if (!$.contains(toAppend, word))
|
||||
toAppend.push(word);
|
||||
};
|
||||
var highlightstring = '?highlight=' + $.urlencode(hlterms.join(" "));
|
||||
|
||||
console.debug('SEARCH: searching for:');
|
||||
console.info('required: ', searchterms);
|
||||
console.info('excluded: ', excluded);
|
||||
|
||||
// prepare search
|
||||
var filenames = this._index.filenames;
|
||||
var titles = this._index.titles;
|
||||
var terms = this._index.terms;
|
||||
var descrefs = this._index.descrefs;
|
||||
var modules = this._index.modules;
|
||||
var desctypes = this._index.desctypes;
|
||||
var fileMap = {};
|
||||
var files = null;
|
||||
var objectResults = [];
|
||||
var regularResults = [];
|
||||
$('#search-progress').empty();
|
||||
|
||||
// lookup as object
|
||||
if (object != null) {
|
||||
for (var module in modules) {
|
||||
if (module.indexOf(object) > -1) {
|
||||
fn = modules[module];
|
||||
descr = _('module, in ') + titles[fn];
|
||||
objectResults.push([filenames[fn], module, '#module-'+module, descr]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
for (var prefix in descrefs) {
|
||||
for (var name in descrefs[prefix]) {
|
||||
if (name.toLowerCase().indexOf(object) > -1) {
|
||||
match = descrefs[prefix][name];
|
||||
fullname = (prefix ? prefix + '.' : '') + name;
|
||||
descr = desctypes[match[1]] + _(', in ') + titles[match[0]];
|
||||
objectResults.push([filenames[match[0]], fullname, '#'+fullname, descr]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// sort results descending
|
||||
objectResults.sort(function(a, b) {
|
||||
return (a[1] > b[1]) ? -1 : ((a[1] < b[1]) ? 1 : 0);
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
// perform the search on the required terms
|
||||
for (var i = 0; i < searchterms.length; i++) {
|
||||
var word = searchterms[i];
|
||||
// no match but word was a required one
|
||||
if ((files = terms[word]) == null)
|
||||
break;
|
||||
if (files.length == undefined) {
|
||||
files = [files];
|
||||
}
|
||||
// create the mapping
|
||||
for (var j = 0; j < files.length; j++) {
|
||||
var file = files[j];
|
||||
if (file in fileMap)
|
||||
fileMap[file].push(word);
|
||||
else
|
||||
fileMap[file] = [word];
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// now check if the files don't contain excluded terms
|
||||
for (var file in fileMap) {
|
||||
var valid = true;
|
||||
|
||||
// check if all requirements are matched
|
||||
if (fileMap[file].length != searchterms.length)
|
||||
continue;
|
||||
|
||||
// ensure that none of the excluded terms is in the
|
||||
// search result.
|
||||
for (var i = 0; i < excluded.length; i++) {
|
||||
if (terms[excluded[i]] == file ||
|
||||
$.contains(terms[excluded[i]] || [], file)) {
|
||||
valid = false;
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// if we have still a valid result we can add it
|
||||
// to the result list
|
||||
if (valid)
|
||||
regularResults.push([filenames[file], titles[file], '', null]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// delete unused variables in order to not waste
|
||||
// memory until list is retrieved completely
|
||||
delete filenames, titles, terms;
|
||||
|
||||
// now sort the regular results descending by title
|
||||
regularResults.sort(function(a, b) {
|
||||
var left = a[1].toLowerCase();
|
||||
var right = b[1].toLowerCase();
|
||||
return (left > right) ? -1 : ((left < right) ? 1 : 0);
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
// combine both
|
||||
var results = regularResults.concat(objectResults);
|
||||
|
||||
// print the results
|
||||
var resultCount = results.length;
|
||||
function displayNextItem() {
|
||||
// results left, load the summary and display it
|
||||
if (results.length) {
|
||||
var item = results.pop();
|
||||
var listItem = $('<li style="display:none"></li>');
|
||||
listItem.append($('<a/>').attr(
|
||||
'href',
|
||||
item[0] + DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX +
|
||||
highlightstring + item[2]).html(item[1]));
|
||||
if (item[3]) {
|
||||
listItem.append($('<span> (' + item[3] + ')</span>'));
|
||||
Search.output.append(listItem);
|
||||
listItem.slideDown(5, function() {
|
||||
displayNextItem();
|
||||
});
|
||||
} else if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.HAS_SOURCE) {
|
||||
$.get('_sources/' + item[0] + '.txt', function(data) {
|
||||
listItem.append($.makeSearchSummary(data, searchterms, hlterms));
|
||||
Search.output.append(listItem);
|
||||
listItem.slideDown(5, function() {
|
||||
displayNextItem();
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
// no source available, just display title
|
||||
Search.output.append(listItem);
|
||||
listItem.slideDown(5, function() {
|
||||
displayNextItem();
|
||||
});
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
// search finished, update title and status message
|
||||
else {
|
||||
Search.stopPulse();
|
||||
Search.title.text(_('Search Results'));
|
||||
if (!resultCount)
|
||||
Search.status.text(_('Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you\'ve selected enough categories.'));
|
||||
else
|
||||
Search.status.text(_('Search finished, found %s page(s) matching the search query.').replace('%s', resultCount));
|
||||
Search.status.fadeIn(500);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
displayNextItem();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
$(document).ready(function() {
|
||||
Search.init();
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,171 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
|
||||
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
|
||||
<title>5. py/bin/ scripts — py lib v1.0.0b1 documentation</title>
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/default.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
|
||||
URL_ROOT: '',
|
||||
VERSION: '1.0.0b1',
|
||||
COLLAPSE_MODINDEX: false,
|
||||
FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
|
||||
HAS_SOURCE: true
|
||||
};
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
|
||||
<link rel="top" title="py lib v1.0.0b1 documentation" href="index.html" />
|
||||
<link rel="up" title="Contents" href="contents.html" />
|
||||
<link rel="next" title="6. 1 py.xml: Lightweight and flexible xml/html generation" href="xml.html" />
|
||||
<link rel="prev" title="4. py.code" href="code.html" />
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<div class="related">
|
||||
<h3>Navigation</h3>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
|
||||
<a href="genindex.html" title="General Index"
|
||||
accesskey="I">index</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="right" >
|
||||
<a href="xml.html" title="6. 1 py.xml: Lightweight and flexible xml/html generation"
|
||||
accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
|
||||
<li class="right" >
|
||||
<a href="code.html" title="4. py.code"
|
||||
accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="index.html">py lib v1.0.0b1 documentation</a> »</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="contents.html" accesskey="U">Contents</a> »</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="document">
|
||||
<div class="documentwrapper">
|
||||
<div class="bodywrapper">
|
||||
<div class="body">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="section" id="py-bin-scripts">
|
||||
<h1>5. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py/bin/</span></tt> scripts<a class="headerlink" href="#py-bin-scripts" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||||
<p>The py-lib contains some scripts, most of which are
|
||||
small ones (apart from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt>) that help during
|
||||
the python development process. If working
|
||||
from a svn-checkout of py lib you may add <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py/bin</span></tt>
|
||||
to your shell <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PATH</span></tt> which should make the scripts
|
||||
available on your command prompt.</p>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="py-test">
|
||||
<h2>5.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#py-test" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt> executable is the main entry point into the py-lib testing tool,
|
||||
see the <a class="reference external" href="test.html">py.test documentation</a>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="py-cleanup">
|
||||
<h2>5.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.cleanup</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#py-cleanup" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>Usage: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.cleanup</span> <span class="pre">[PATH]</span></tt></p>
|
||||
<p>Delete pyc file recursively, starting from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PATH</span></tt> (which defaults to the
|
||||
current working directory). Don’t follow links and don’t recurse into
|
||||
directories with a “.”.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="py-countloc">
|
||||
<h2>5.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.countloc</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#py-countloc" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>Usage: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.countloc</span> <span class="pre">[PATHS]</span></tt></p>
|
||||
<p>Count (non-empty) lines of python code and number of python files recursively
|
||||
starting from a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PATHS</span></tt> given on the command line (starting from the current
|
||||
working directory). Distinguish between test files and normal ones and report
|
||||
them separately.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="py-lookup">
|
||||
<h2>5.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.lookup</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#py-lookup" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>Usage: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.lookup</span> <span class="pre">SEARCH_STRING</span> <span class="pre">[options]</span></tt></p>
|
||||
<p>Looks recursively at Python files for a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SEARCH_STRING</span></tt>, starting from the
|
||||
present working directory. Prints the line, with the filename and line-number
|
||||
prepended.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="py-rest">
|
||||
<h2>5.5. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.rest</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#py-rest" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>Usage: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.rest</span> <span class="pre">[PATHS]</span> <span class="pre">[options]</span></tt></p>
|
||||
<p>Loot recursively for .txt files starting from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PATHS</span></tt> and convert them to
|
||||
html using docutils or to pdf files, if the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--pdf</span></tt> option is used. For
|
||||
conversion to PDF you will need several command line tools, on Ubuntu Linux
|
||||
this is <strong>texlive</strong> and <strong>texlive-extra-utils</strong>.</p>
|
||||
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.rest</span></tt> has some extra features over rst2html (which is shipped with
|
||||
docutils). Most of these are still experimental, the one which is most likely
|
||||
not going to change is the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.graphviz.org">graphviz</a> directive. With that you can embed .dot
|
||||
files into your document and have them be converted to png (when outputting
|
||||
html) and to eps (when outputting pdf). Otherwise the directive works mostly
|
||||
like the image directive:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>.. graphviz:: example.dot
|
||||
:scale: 90</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="">5. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py/bin/</span></tt> scripts</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#py-test">5.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#py-cleanup">5.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.cleanup</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#py-countloc">5.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.countloc</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#py-lookup">5.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.lookup</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#py-rest">5.5. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.rest</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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<div class="section" id="py-code">
|
||||
<h1>4. py.code<a class="headerlink" href="#py-code" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||||
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code</span></tt> part of the ‘py lib’ contains some functionality to help
|
||||
dealing with Python code objects. Even though working with Python’s internal
|
||||
code objects (as found on frames and callables) can be very powerful, it’s
|
||||
usually also quite cumbersome, because the API provided by core Python is
|
||||
relatively low level and not very accessible.</p>
|
||||
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code</span></tt> library tries to simplify accessing the code objects as well
|
||||
as creating them. There is a small set of interfaces a user needs to deal with,
|
||||
all nicely bundled together, and with a rich set of ‘Pythonic’ functionality.</p>
|
||||
<p>source: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py/code/</span></tt></p>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="contents-of-the-library">
|
||||
<h2>4.1. Contents of the library<a class="headerlink" href="#contents-of-the-library" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>Every object in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code</span></tt> library wraps a code Python object related
|
||||
to code objects, source code, frames and tracebacks: the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code.Code</span></tt>
|
||||
class wraps code objects, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code.Source</span></tt> source snippets,
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code.Traceback</span></tt> exception tracebacks, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code.Frame</span></tt> frame
|
||||
objects (as found in e.g. tracebacks) and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code.ExceptionInfo</span></tt> the
|
||||
tuple provided by sys.exc_info() (containing exception and traceback
|
||||
information when an exception occurs). Also in the library is a helper function
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code.compile()</span></tt> that provides the same functionality as Python’s
|
||||
built-in ‘compile()’ function, but returns a wrapped code object.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="the-wrappers">
|
||||
<h2>4.2. The wrappers<a class="headerlink" href="#the-wrappers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="py-code-code">
|
||||
<h3>4.2.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code.Code</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#py-code-code" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Code objects are instantiated with a code object or a callable as argument,
|
||||
and provide functionality to compare themselves with other Code objects, get to
|
||||
the source file or its contents, create new Code objects from scratch, etc.</p>
|
||||
<p>A quick example:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">py</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Code</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">local</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">basename</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">'common.py'</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">source</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Source</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">source</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">'</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">"def read(self, mode='rb'):"</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>source: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py/code/code.py</span></tt></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="py-code-source">
|
||||
<h3>4.2.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code.Source</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#py-code-source" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Source objects wrap snippets of Python source code, providing a simple yet
|
||||
powerful interface to read, deindent, slice, compare, compile and manipulate
|
||||
them, things that are not so easy in core Python.</p>
|
||||
<p>Example:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Source</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"""</span><span class="se">\</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="s"> def foo():</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="s"> print "foo"</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="s">"""</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'def'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># automatic de-indentation!</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isparseable</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sub</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getstatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># get the statement starting at line 1</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sub</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c"># XXX why is the strip() required?!?</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">'print "foo"'</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>source: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py/code/source.py</span></tt></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="py-code-traceback">
|
||||
<h3>4.2.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code.Traceback</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#py-code-traceback" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Tracebacks are usually not very easy to examine, you need to access certain
|
||||
somewhat hidden attributes of the traceback’s items (resulting in expressions
|
||||
such as ‘fname = tb.tb_next.tb_frame.f_code.co_filename’). The Traceback
|
||||
interface (and its TracebackItem children) tries to improve this.</p>
|
||||
<p>Example:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">local</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># illegal argument</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">exc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tb</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exc_info</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Traceback</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tb</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">first</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="c"># get the second entry (first is in this doc)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">first</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">basename</span> <span class="c"># second is in py/path/local.py</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">'local.py'</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">statement</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Source</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">statement</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'raise ValueError'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>source: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py/code/traceback2.py</span></tt></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="py-code-frame">
|
||||
<h3>4.2.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code.Frame</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#py-code-frame" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Frame wrappers are used in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code.Traceback</span></tt> items, and will usually not
|
||||
directly be instantiated. They provide some nice methods to evaluate code
|
||||
‘inside’ the frame (using the frame’s local variables), get to the underlying
|
||||
code (frames have a code attribute that points to a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code.Code</span></tt> object)
|
||||
and examine the arguments.</p>
|
||||
<p>Example (using the ‘first’ TracebackItem instance created above):</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">frame</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">first</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">frame</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">frame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Code</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">frame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">eval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'self'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">local</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">local</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LocalPath</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">namevalue</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">namevalue</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">frame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getargs</span><span class="p">()]</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">['cls', 'path']</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="py-code-exceptioninfo">
|
||||
<h3>4.2.5. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code.ExceptionInfo</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#py-code-exceptioninfo" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>A wrapper around the tuple returned by sys.exc_info() (will call sys.exc_info()
|
||||
itself if the tuple is not provided as an argument), provides some handy
|
||||
attributes to easily access the traceback and exception string.</p>
|
||||
<p>Example:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">foobar</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">excinfo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ExceptionInfo</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">excinfo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">typename</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">'NameError'</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">excinfo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">traceback</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Traceback</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">excinfo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exconly</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">"NameError: name 'foobar' is not defined"</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="">4. py.code</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#contents-of-the-library">4.1. Contents of the library</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#the-wrappers">4.2. The wrappers</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#py-code-code">4.2.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code.Code</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#py-code-source">4.2.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code.Source</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#py-code-traceback">4.2.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code.Traceback</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#py-code-frame">4.2.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code.Frame</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#py-code-exceptioninfo">4.2.5. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.code.ExceptionInfo</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
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<h1>12. Coding Style for the Py lib and friendly applications<a class="headerlink" href="#coding-style-for-the-py-lib-and-friendly-applications" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="honour-pep-8-style-guide-for-python-code">
|
||||
<h2>12.1. Honour PEP 8: Style Guide for Python Code<a class="headerlink" href="#honour-pep-8-style-guide-for-python-code" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>First of all, if you haven’t already read it, read the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0008.html">PEP 8
|
||||
Style Guide for Python Code</a> which, if in doubt, serves as
|
||||
the default coding-style for the py lib.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="documentation-and-testing">
|
||||
<h2>12.2. Documentation and Testing<a class="headerlink" href="#documentation-and-testing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li>generally we want to drive and interweave coding of
|
||||
documentation, tests and real code as much as possible.
|
||||
Without good documentation others may never know about
|
||||
your latest and greatest feature.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="naming">
|
||||
<h2>12.3. naming<a class="headerlink" href="#naming" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li>directories, modules and namespaces are always <strong>lowercase</strong></li>
|
||||
<li>classes and especially Exceptions are most often <strong>CamelCase</strong></li>
|
||||
<li>types, i.e. very widely usable classes like the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path</span></tt>
|
||||
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|
||||
<li>never use plural names in directory and file names</li>
|
||||
<li>functions/methods are lowercase and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_</span></tt> - separated if
|
||||
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|
||||
<li>it’s appreciated if you manage to name files in a directory
|
||||
so that tab-completion on the shell level is as easy as possible.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="committing">
|
||||
<h2>12.4. committing<a class="headerlink" href="#committing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li>adding features requires adding appropriate tests.</li>
|
||||
<li>bug fixes should be encoded in a test before being fixed.</li>
|
||||
<li>write telling log messages because several people
|
||||
will read your diffs, and we plan to have a search facility
|
||||
over the py lib’s subversion repository.</li>
|
||||
<li>if you add <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.txt</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.py</span></tt> files to the repository then
|
||||
please make sure you have <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">svn:eol-style</span></tt> set to native.
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<div class="section" id="miscellaneous">
|
||||
<h2>12.5. Miscellaneous<a class="headerlink" href="#miscellaneous" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li>Tests are the insurance that your code will be maintained
|
||||
further and survives major releases.</li>
|
||||
<li>Try to put the tests close to the tested code, don’t
|
||||
overload directories with names.</li>
|
||||
<li>If you think of exporting new py lib APIs, discuss it first on the
|
||||
<a class="reference external" href="http://codespeak.net/mailman/listinfo/py-dev">py-dev mailing list</a> and possibly write a chapter in our
|
||||
<cite>future_</cite> book. Communication is considered a key here to make
|
||||
sure that the py lib develops in a consistent way.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
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<li><a class="reference external" href="">12. Coding Style for the Py lib and friendly applications</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#honour-pep-8-style-guide-for-python-code">12.1. Honour PEP 8: Style Guide for Python Code</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#documentation-and-testing">12.2. Documentation and Testing</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#naming">12.3. naming</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#committing">12.4. committing</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#miscellaneous">12.5. Miscellaneous</a></li>
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<p>Contents:</p>
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||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="test.html">1. py.test</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-quickstart.html">1.1. Quickstart</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-features.html">1.2. Features</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-plugins.html">1.3. Included plugins</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-ext.html">1.4. Writing plugins</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-dist.html">1.5. Distributed testing</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-config.html">1.6. Test configuration</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-examples.html">1.7. Working Examples</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="impl-test.html">1.8. Implementation and Customization of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="execnet.html">2. py.execnet</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="execnet.html#gateways-immediately-spawn-local-or-remote-process">2.1. Gateways: immediately spawn local or remote process</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="execnet.html#remote-exec-execute-source-code-remotely">2.2. remote_exec: execute source code remotely</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="execnet.html#channels-bidirectionally-exchange-data-between-hosts">2.3. Channels: bidirectionally exchange data between hosts</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="execnet.html#xspec-string-specification-for-gateway-type-and-configuration">2.4. XSpec: string specification for gateway type and configuration</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="execnet.html#examples-of-py-execnet-usage">2.5. Examples of py.execnet usage</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
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|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="path.html">3. py.path</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="path.html#path-implementations-provided-by-py-path">3.1. Path implementations provided by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="path.html#common-vs-specific-api">3.2. Common vs. specific API</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="path.html#known-problems-limitations">3.3. Known problems / limitations</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="path.html#future-plans">3.4. Future plans</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
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|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="code.html">4. py.code</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="code.html#contents-of-the-library">4.1. Contents of the library</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="code.html#the-wrappers">4.2. The wrappers</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="bin.html">5. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py/bin/</span></tt> scripts</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="bin.html#py-test">5.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="bin.html#py-cleanup">5.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.cleanup</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="bin.html#py-countloc">5.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.countloc</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="bin.html#py-lookup">5.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.lookup</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="bin.html#py-rest">5.5. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.rest</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="xml.html">6. py.xml: Lightweight and flexible xml/html generation</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="xml.html#motivation">6.1. Motivation</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="xml.html#a-pythonic-object-model-please">6.2. a pythonic object model , please</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
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|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="io.html">7. py.io</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="io.html#io-capturing-examples">7.1. IO Capturing examples</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="log.html">8. py.log documentation and musings</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="log.html#foreword">8.1. Foreword</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="log.html#logging-organisation">8.2. Logging organisation</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="log.html#using-the-py-log-library">8.3. Using the py.log library</a></li>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="misc.html">9. Miscellaneous features of the py lib</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="misc.html#mapping-the-standard-python-library-into-py">9.1. Mapping the standard python library into py</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="misc.html#support-for-interaction-with-system-utilities-binaries">9.2. Support for interaction with system utilities/binaries</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="misc.html#cross-python-version-compatibility-helpers">9.3. Cross-Python Version compatibility helpers</a></li>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="why_py.html">10. Why, who, what and how do you do <em>the py lib</em>?</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="why_py.html#why-did-we-start-the-py-lib">10.1. Why did we start the py lib?</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="why_py.html#what-is-the-py-libs-current-focus">10.2. What is the py libs current focus?</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="why_py.html#how-does-py-development-work">10.3. How does py development work?</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="why_py.html#who-is-we">10.4. Who is “we”?</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="future.html">11. Visions and ideas for further development of the py lib</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="future.html#distribute-tests-ad-hoc-across-multiple-platforms">11.1. Distribute tests ad-hoc across multiple platforms</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="future.html#make-apigen-useful-for-more-projects">11.2. Make APIGEN useful for more projects</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="future.html#consider-apigen-and-pdb-integration">11.3. Consider APIGEN and pdb integration</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="future.html#distribute-channels-programs-across-networks">11.4. Distribute channels/programs across networks</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="future.html#benchmarking-and-persistent-storage">11.5. Benchmarking and persistent storage</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="future.html#refactor-path-implementations-to-use-a-filesystem-abstraction">11.6. Refactor path implementations to use a Filesystem Abstraction</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="future.html#integrate-interactive-completion">11.7. Integrate interactive completion</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="future.html#consider-more-features">11.8. Consider more features</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="coding-style.html">12. Coding Style for the Py lib and friendly applications</a><ul>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="coding-style.html#honour-pep-8-style-guide-for-python-code">12.1. Honour PEP 8: Style Guide for Python Code</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="coding-style.html#documentation-and-testing">12.2. Documentation and Testing</a></li>
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|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="coding-style.html#committing">12.4. committing</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="coding-style.html#miscellaneous">12.5. Miscellaneous</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="download.html#installing-on-debian-or-fedora">14. Installing on Debian or Fedora</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="download.html#downloading-a-tar-zip-archive-and-installing-that">15. Downloading a tar/zip archive and installing that</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="download.html#working-with-multiple-py-lib-versions-svn-externals">17. Working with multiple py lib versions / svn externals</a></li>
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<title>15. Downloading — py lib v1.0.0b1 documentation</title>
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<div class="section" id="downloading">
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<h1>15. Downloading<a class="headerlink" href="#downloading" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="easy-install-py">
|
||||
<h2>15.1. “easy_install py”<a class="headerlink" href="#easy-install-py" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>With a working <a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools">setuptools installation</a> you can install from the command line:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>easy_install -U py</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>to get the latest release of the py lib. The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-U</span></tt> switch
|
||||
will trigger an upgrade if you already have an older version installed.
|
||||
The py lib and its tools are expected to work well on Linux,
|
||||
Windows and OSX, Python versions 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6.</p>
|
||||
<p>We provide binary eggs for Windows machines.</p>
|
||||
<p>On other systems you need a working C-compiler in order to
|
||||
install the full py lib. If you don’t have a compiler available
|
||||
you can still install the py lib but without greenlets - look
|
||||
below for the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">install_lib</span></tt> target.</p>
|
||||
<p><strong>IMPORTANT NOTE</strong>: if you are using Windows and have previous
|
||||
installations of the py lib on your system, please download
|
||||
and execute <a class="reference external" href="http://codespeak.net/svn/py/build/winpathclean.py">http://codespeak.net/svn/py/build/winpathclean.py</a>
|
||||
This will check that no previous files are getting in the way.
|
||||
(Unfortunately we don’t know about a way to execute this
|
||||
code automatically during the above install).</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="installing-on-debian-or-fedora">
|
||||
<h2>15.2. Installing on Debian or Fedora<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-on-debian-or-fedora" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>On Debian systems look for <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">python-codespeak-lib</span></tt>.
|
||||
<em>This package is probably outdated - if somebody
|
||||
can help with bringing this up to date,
|
||||
that would be very much appreciated.</em></p>
|
||||
<p>Dwayne Bailey has thankfully put together a Fedora <a class="reference external" href="http://translate.sourceforge.net/releases/testing/fedora/pylib-0.9.2-1.fc9.noarch.rpm">RPM</a>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="downloading-a-tar-zip-archive-and-installing-that">
|
||||
<h2>15.3. Downloading a tar/zip archive and installing that<a class="headerlink" href="#downloading-a-tar-zip-archive-and-installing-that" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>Go to the python package index (pypi) and download a tar or zip file:</p>
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/py/">http://pypi.python.org/pypi/py/</a></blockquote>
|
||||
<p>and unpack it to a directory, where you then type:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>python setup.py install</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>If you don’t have a working C-compiler you can do:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>python setup.py install_lib</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>You will then not be able to use greenlets but otherwise
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt> and all tools and APIs are fine to use.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="installing-from-subversion-develop-mode">
|
||||
<h2>15.4. Installing from subversion / develop mode<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-subversion-develop-mode" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>To follow development or help with fixing things
|
||||
for the next release, checkout the complete code
|
||||
and documentation source:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>svn co http://codespeak.net/svn/py/release/0.9.x py-0.9.x</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>You can then issue:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>python setup.py develop</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>in order to work with your checkout version.</p>
|
||||
<p>other interesting svn checkout points:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>http://codespeak.net/
|
||||
svn/py/release # release tags and branches
|
||||
svn/py/dist # latest stable (may or may not be a release)
|
||||
svn/py/trunk # head development / merge point</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="working-with-multiple-py-lib-versions-svn-externals">
|
||||
<h2>15.5. Working with multiple py lib versions / svn externals<a class="headerlink" href="#working-with-multiple-py-lib-versions-svn-externals" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>If you happen to have multiple versions of the py lib
|
||||
around or you ship the py lib as an svn-external to
|
||||
then you might want to use py lib scripts more directly.
|
||||
For example if you have a project layout like this:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>mypkg/
|
||||
subpkg1/
|
||||
tests/
|
||||
tests/
|
||||
py/ # as svn-external, could be specific tag/version</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>then you want to make sure that the actual local py lib is used
|
||||
and not another system-wide version. For this you need to add
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py/bin</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py\bin\win32</span></tt> respectively to your system’s PATH settings.</p>
|
||||
<p>You can do this by executing (on windows) a script to set the environment:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>c:\\path\to\checkout\py\env.cmd</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>or on linux/osx you can add something like this to your shell
|
||||
initialization:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>eval `python ~/path/to/checkout/py/env.py`</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>to get good settings for PYTHONPATH and PATH.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="">15. Downloading</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#easy-install-py">15.1. “easy_install py”</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#installing-on-debian-or-fedora">15.2. Installing on Debian or Fedora</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#downloading-a-tar-zip-archive-and-installing-that">15.3. Downloading a tar/zip archive and installing that</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#installing-from-subversion-develop-mode">15.4. Installing from subversion / develop mode</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#working-with-multiple-py-lib-versions-svn-externals">15.5. Working with multiple py lib versions / svn externals</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
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<p class="topless"><a href="contact.html"
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<div class="section" id="py-execnet">
|
||||
<h1>2. py.execnet<a class="headerlink" href="#py-execnet" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||||
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.execnet</span></tt> allows to:</p>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li>instantiate local or remote Python Processes</li>
|
||||
<li>send code for execution in one or many processes</li>
|
||||
<li>asynchronously send and receive data between processes through channels</li>
|
||||
<li>completely avoid manual installation steps on remote places</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="gateways-immediately-spawn-local-or-remote-process">
|
||||
<h2>2.1. Gateways: immediately spawn local or remote process<a class="headerlink" href="#gateways-immediately-spawn-local-or-remote-process" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>In order to send code to a remote place or a subprocess
|
||||
you need to instantiate a so-called Gateway object.
|
||||
There are currently three Gateway classes:</p>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.execnet.PopenGateway</span></tt> to open a subprocess
|
||||
on the local machine. Useful for making use
|
||||
of multiple processors to to contain code execution
|
||||
in a separated environment.</li>
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.execnet.SshGateway</span></tt> to connect to
|
||||
a remote ssh server and distribute execution to it.</li>
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.execnet.SocketGateway</span></tt> a way to connect to
|
||||
a remote Socket based server. <em>Note</em> that this method
|
||||
requires a manually started
|
||||
:source:py/execnet/script/socketserver.py
|
||||
script. You can run this “server script” without
|
||||
having the py lib installed on the remote system
|
||||
and you can setup it up as permanent service.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="remote-exec-execute-source-code-remotely">
|
||||
<h2>2.2. remote_exec: execute source code remotely<a class="headerlink" href="#remote-exec-execute-source-code-remotely" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>All gateways offer remote code execution via this high level function:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">remote_exec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">source</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<span class="sd">"""return channel object for communicating with the asynchronously</span>
|
||||
<span class="sd"> executing 'source' code which will have a corresponding 'channel'</span>
|
||||
<span class="sd"> object in its executing namespace."""</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>With <cite>remote_exec</cite> you send source code to the other
|
||||
side and get both a local and a remote <a class="reference internal" href="#channel">Channel</a> object,
|
||||
which you can use to have the local and remote site
|
||||
communicate data in a structured way. Here is
|
||||
an example for reading the PID:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">py</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">gw</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execnet</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PopenGateway</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">channel</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remote_exec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"""</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="s"> import os</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="s"> channel.send(os.getpid())</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="s">"""</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">remote_pid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">channel</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">receive</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">remote_pid</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getpid</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="channels-bidirectionally-exchange-data-between-hosts">
|
||||
<span id="exchange-data"></span><span id="channel-api"></span><span id="channel"></span><h2>2.3. Channels: bidirectionally exchange data between hosts<a class="headerlink" href="#channels-bidirectionally-exchange-data-between-hosts" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>A channel object allows to send and receive data between
|
||||
two asynchronously running programs. When calling
|
||||
<cite>remote_exec</cite> you will get a channel object back and
|
||||
the code fragment running on the other side will
|
||||
see a channel object in its global namespace.</p>
|
||||
<p>Here is the interface of channel objects:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>#
|
||||
# API for sending and receiving anonymous values
|
||||
#
|
||||
channel.send(item):
|
||||
sends the given item to the other side of the channel,
|
||||
possibly blocking if the sender queue is full.
|
||||
Note that items need to be marshallable (all basic
|
||||
python types are).
|
||||
|
||||
channel.receive():
|
||||
receives an item that was sent from the other side,
|
||||
possibly blocking if there is none.
|
||||
Note that exceptions from the other side will be
|
||||
reraised as gateway.RemoteError exceptions containing
|
||||
a textual representation of the remote traceback.
|
||||
|
||||
channel.waitclose(timeout=None):
|
||||
wait until this channel is closed. Note that a closed
|
||||
channel may still hold items that will be received or
|
||||
send. Note that exceptions from the other side will be
|
||||
reraised as gateway.RemoteError exceptions containing
|
||||
a textual representation of the remote traceback.
|
||||
|
||||
channel.close():
|
||||
close this channel on both the local and the remote side.
|
||||
A remote side blocking on receive() on this channel
|
||||
will get woken up and see an EOFError exception.</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="xspec-string-specification-for-gateway-type-and-configuration">
|
||||
<span id="xspec"></span><h2>2.4. XSpec: string specification for gateway type and configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#xspec-string-specification-for-gateway-type-and-configuration" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.execnet</span></tt> supports a simple extensible format for
|
||||
specifying and configuring Gateways for remote execution.
|
||||
You can use a string specification to instantiate a new gateway,
|
||||
for example a new SshGateway:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">gateway</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execnet</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">makegateway</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"ssh=myhost"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>Let’s look at some examples for valid specifications.
|
||||
Specification for an ssh connection to <cite>wyvern</cite>, running on python2.4 in the (newly created) ‘mycache’ subdirectory:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ssh=wyvern//python=python2.4//chdir=mycache</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>Specification of a python2.5 subprocess; with a low CPU priority (“nice” level). Current dir will be the current dir of the instantiator (that’s true for all ‘popen’ specifications unless they specify ‘chdir’):</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">popen</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">python</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">2.5</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">nice</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">20</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>Specification of a Python Socket server process that listens on 192.168.1.4:8888; current dir will be the ‘pyexecnet-cache’ sub directory which is used a default for all remote processes:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>socket=192.168.1.4:8888</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>More generally, a specification string has this general format:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">key1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">value1</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">key2</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">value2</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">key3</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">value3</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>If you omit a value, a boolean true value is assumed. Currently
|
||||
the following key/values are supported:</p>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">popen</span></tt> for a PopenGateway</li>
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ssh=host</span></tt> for a SshGateway</li>
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">socket=address:port</span></tt> for a SocketGateway</li>
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">python=executable</span></tt> for specifying Python executables</li>
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">chdir=path</span></tt> change remote working dir to given relative or absolute path</li>
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">nice=value</span></tt> decrease remote nice level if platforms supports it</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="examples-of-py-execnet-usage">
|
||||
<h2>2.5. Examples of py.execnet usage<a class="headerlink" href="#examples-of-py-execnet-usage" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="compare-cwd-of-popen-gateways">
|
||||
<h3>2.5.1. Compare cwd() of Popen Gateways<a class="headerlink" href="#compare-cwd-of-popen-gateways" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>A PopenGateway has the same working directory as the instantiatior:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">py</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">gw</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execnet</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PopenGateway</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ch</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remote_exec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"import os; channel.send(os.getcwd())"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">receive</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getcwd</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">gw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="synchronously-receive-results-from-two-sub-processes">
|
||||
<h3>2.5.2. Synchronously receive results from two sub processes<a class="headerlink" href="#synchronously-receive-results-from-two-sub-processes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Use MultiChannels for receiving multiple results from remote code:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">py</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ch1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execnet</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PopenGateway</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remote_exec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"channel.send(1)"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ch2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execnet</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PopenGateway</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remote_exec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"channel.send(2)"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">mch</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execnet</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MultiChannel</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">ch1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ch2</span><span class="p">])</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">receive_each</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mf">2</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">assert</span> <span class="mf">1</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">l</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">assert</span> <span class="mf">2</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">l</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="asynchronously-receive-results-from-two-sub-processes">
|
||||
<h3>2.5.3. Asynchronously receive results from two sub processes<a class="headerlink" href="#asynchronously-receive-results-from-two-sub-processes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MultiChannel.make_receive_queue()</span></tt> for asynchronously receiving
|
||||
multiple results from remote code. This standard Queue provides
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(channel,</span> <span class="pre">result)</span></tt> tuples which allows to determine where
|
||||
a result comes from:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">py</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ch1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execnet</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PopenGateway</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remote_exec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"channel.send(1)"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ch2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execnet</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PopenGateway</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remote_exec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"channel.send(2)"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">mch</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execnet</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MultiChannel</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">ch1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ch2</span><span class="p">])</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">queue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">make_receive_queue</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">chan1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c"># you may also specify a timeout</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">chan2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">res1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">res2</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">3</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">chan1</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ch1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ch2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">chan2</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ch1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ch2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">chan1</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">chan2</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="receive-file-contents-from-remote-ssh-account">
|
||||
<h3>2.5.4. Receive file contents from remote SSH account<a class="headerlink" href="#receive-file-contents-from-remote-ssh-account" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Here is a small program that you can use to retrieve
|
||||
contents of remote files:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">py</span>
|
||||
<span class="c"># open a gateway to a fresh child process</span>
|
||||
<span class="n">gw</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execnet</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SshGateway</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'codespeak.net'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="n">channel</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remote_exec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"""</span>
|
||||
<span class="s"> for fn in channel:</span>
|
||||
<span class="s"> f = open(fn, 'rb')</span>
|
||||
<span class="s"> channel.send(f.read())</span>
|
||||
<span class="s"> f.close()</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"""</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">fn</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">somefilelist</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||||
<span class="n">channel</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">send</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fn</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="n">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">channel</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">receive</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="c"># process content</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="c"># later you can exit / close down the gateway</span>
|
||||
<span class="n">gw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="instantiate-a-socket-server-in-a-new-subprocess">
|
||||
<h3>2.5.5. Instantiate a socket server in a new subprocess<a class="headerlink" href="#instantiate-a-socket-server-in-a-new-subprocess" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>The following example opens a PopenGateway, i.e. a python
|
||||
child process, and starts a socket server within that process
|
||||
and then opens a second gateway to the freshly started
|
||||
socketserver:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">py</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="n">popengw</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execnet</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PopenGateway</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="n">socketgw</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execnet</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SocketGateway</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new_remote</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">popengw</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"127.0.0.1"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">socketgw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_rinfo</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c"># print some info about the remote environment</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sphinxsidebar">
|
||||
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
|
||||
<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="">2. py.execnet</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#gateways-immediately-spawn-local-or-remote-process">2.1. Gateways: immediately spawn local or remote process</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#remote-exec-execute-source-code-remotely">2.2. remote_exec: execute source code remotely</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#channels-bidirectionally-exchange-data-between-hosts">2.3. Channels: bidirectionally exchange data between hosts</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#xspec-string-specification-for-gateway-type-and-configuration">2.4. XSpec: string specification for gateway type and configuration</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#examples-of-py-execnet-usage">2.5. Examples of py.execnet usage</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#compare-cwd-of-popen-gateways">2.5.1. Compare cwd() of Popen Gateways</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#synchronously-receive-results-from-two-sub-processes">2.5.2. Synchronously receive results from two sub processes</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#asynchronously-receive-results-from-two-sub-processes">2.5.3. Asynchronously receive results from two sub processes</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#receive-file-contents-from-remote-ssh-account">2.5.4. Receive file contents from remote SSH account</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#instantiate-a-socket-server-in-a-new-subprocess">2.5.5. Instantiate a socket server in a new subprocess</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
|
||||
<p class="topless"><a href="test-examples.html"
|
||||
title="previous chapter">1.7. Working Examples</a></p>
|
||||
<h4>Next topic</h4>
|
||||
<p class="topless"><a href="path.html"
|
||||
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|
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<div class="section" id="visions-and-ideas-for-further-development-of-the-py-lib">
|
||||
<h1>11. Visions and ideas for further development of the py lib<a class="headerlink" href="#visions-and-ideas-for-further-development-of-the-py-lib" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||||
<p>This document tries to describe directions and guiding ideas
|
||||
for the near-future development of the py lib. <em>Note that all
|
||||
statements within this document - even if they sound factual -
|
||||
mostly just express thoughts and ideas. They not always refer to
|
||||
real code so read with some caution.</em></p>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="distribute-tests-ad-hoc-across-multiple-platforms">
|
||||
<h2>11.1. Distribute tests ad-hoc across multiple platforms<a class="headerlink" href="#distribute-tests-ad-hoc-across-multiple-platforms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>After some more refactoring and unification of
|
||||
the current testing and distribution support code
|
||||
we’d like to be able to run tests on multiple
|
||||
platforms simultanously and allow for interaction
|
||||
and introspection into the (remote) failures.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="make-apigen-useful-for-more-projects">
|
||||
<h2>11.2. Make APIGEN useful for more projects<a class="headerlink" href="#make-apigen-useful-for-more-projects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>The new APIGEN tool offers rich information
|
||||
derived from running tests against an application:
|
||||
argument types and callsites, i.e. it shows
|
||||
the places where a particular API is used.
|
||||
In its first incarnation, there are still
|
||||
some specialties that likely prevent it
|
||||
from documenting APIs for other projects.
|
||||
We’d like to evolve to a <cite>py.apigen</cite> tool
|
||||
that can make use of information provided
|
||||
by a py.test run.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="consider-apigen-and-pdb-integration">
|
||||
<h2>11.3. Consider APIGEN and pdb integration<a class="headerlink" href="#consider-apigen-and-pdb-integration" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>The information provided by APIGEN can be used in many
|
||||
different ways. An example of this could be to write
|
||||
an extension to pdb which makes it available.
|
||||
Imagine you could issue a pdb command
|
||||
“info <function name>” and get information
|
||||
regarding incoming, and outgoing types, possible
|
||||
exceptions, field types and call sites.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="distribute-channels-programs-across-networks">
|
||||
<h2>11.4. Distribute channels/programs across networks<a class="headerlink" href="#distribute-channels-programs-across-networks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>Apart from stabilizing setup/teardown procedures
|
||||
for <a class="reference external" href="execnet.html">py.execnet</a>, we’d like to generalize its
|
||||
implementation to allow connecting two programs
|
||||
across multiple hosts, i.e. we’d like to arbitrarily
|
||||
send “channels” across the network. Likely this
|
||||
will be done by using the “pipe” model, i.e.
|
||||
that each channel is actually a pair of endpoints,
|
||||
both of which can be independently transported
|
||||
across the network. The programs who “own”
|
||||
these endpoints remain connected.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="benchmarking-and-persistent-storage">
|
||||
<h2>11.5. Benchmarking and persistent storage<a class="headerlink" href="#benchmarking-and-persistent-storage" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>For storing test results, but also benchmarking
|
||||
and other information, we need a solid way
|
||||
to store all kinds of information from test runs.
|
||||
We’d like to generate statistics or html-overview
|
||||
out of it, but also use such information to determine when
|
||||
a certain test broke, or when its performance
|
||||
decreased considerably.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="refactor-path-implementations-to-use-a-filesystem-abstraction">
|
||||
<span id="a-more-general-view-on-path-objects"></span><span id="general-path"></span><h2>11.6. Refactor path implementations to use a Filesystem Abstraction<a class="headerlink" href="#refactor-path-implementations-to-use-a-filesystem-abstraction" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>It seems like a good idea to refactor all <a class="reference external" href="http://codespeak.net/py/dist/path.html">py.path</a> Path implementations to
|
||||
use an internal Filesystem abstraction. The current code base
|
||||
would be transformed to have Filesystem implementations for e.g.
|
||||
local, subversion and subversion “working copy” filesystems. Today
|
||||
the according code is scattered through path-handling code.</p>
|
||||
<p>On a related note, Armin Rigo has hacked <a class="reference external" href="http://codespeak.net/svn/user/arigo/hack/pylufs/">pylufs</a> and more recently has
|
||||
written <a class="reference external" href="http://codespeak.net/svn/user/arigo/hack/pyfuse/">pyfuse</a> which allow to
|
||||
implement kernel-level linux filesystems with pure python. Now
|
||||
the idea is that the mentioned filesystem implementations would
|
||||
be directly usable for such linux-filesystem glue code.</p>
|
||||
<p>In other words, implementing a <a class="reference external" href="http://codespeak.net/svn/user/arigo/hack/pyfuse/memoryfs.py">memoryfs</a> or a <a class="reference external" href="http://codespeak.net/pipermail/py-dev/2005-January/000191.html">dictfs</a> would
|
||||
give you two things for free: a filesystem mountable at kernel level
|
||||
as well as a uniform “path” object allowing you to access your
|
||||
filesystem in convenient ways.</p>
|
||||
<p>Also interesting to check out is Will McGugan’s work on
|
||||
his <a class="reference external" href="http://www.willmcgugan.com/2008/09/21/announcing-fs-010-a-python-file-system/#comment-60276">fs package</a>.</p>
|
||||
<p>I think the main question is what the very fundamental
|
||||
filesystem API should look like. Here are some doctests
|
||||
on how a <a class="reference external" href="draft_pyfs">draft py.fs</a> could look like. There also
|
||||
is Matthew Scotts <a class="reference external" href="http://codespeak.net/pipermail/py-dev/attachments/20050128/d9595512/virtual1-0001.bin">dictproxy patch</a> which adds
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path.dict</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path.proxy</span></tt>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="integrate-interactive-completion">
|
||||
<h2>11.7. Integrate interactive completion<a class="headerlink" href="#integrate-interactive-completion" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>It’d be nice to integrate the bash-like
|
||||
<a class="reference external" href="http://codespeak.net/rlcompleter2/">rlcompleter2</a> python command line completer
|
||||
into the py lib, and making it work remotely
|
||||
and with pdb.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="consider-more-features">
|
||||
<h2>11.8. Consider more features<a class="headerlink" href="#consider-more-features" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>There are many more features and useful classes
|
||||
that might be nice to integrate. For example, we might put
|
||||
Armin’s <a class="reference external" href="http://codespeak.net/svn/user/arigo/hack/misc/collect.py">lazy list</a> implementation into the py lib.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
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|
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<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
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<ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="">11. Visions and ideas for further development of the py lib</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#distribute-tests-ad-hoc-across-multiple-platforms">11.1. Distribute tests ad-hoc across multiple platforms</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#make-apigen-useful-for-more-projects">11.2. Make APIGEN useful for more projects</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#consider-apigen-and-pdb-integration">11.3. Consider APIGEN and pdb integration</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#distribute-channels-programs-across-networks">11.4. Distribute channels/programs across networks</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#benchmarking-and-persistent-storage">11.5. Benchmarking and persistent storage</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#refactor-path-implementations-to-use-a-filesystem-abstraction">11.6. Refactor path implementations to use a Filesystem Abstraction</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#integrate-interactive-completion">11.7. Integrate interactive completion</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#consider-more-features">11.8. Consider more features</a></li>
|
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<div class="section" id="implementation-and-customization-of-py-test">
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<h1>1.8. Implementation and Customization of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#implementation-and-customization-of-py-test" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="collecting-and-running-tests-implementation-remarks">
|
||||
<span id="basicpicture"></span><h2>1.8.1. Collecting and running tests / implementation remarks<a class="headerlink" href="#collecting-and-running-tests-implementation-remarks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>In order to customize <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt> it’s good to understand
|
||||
its basic architure (WARNING: these are not guaranteed
|
||||
yet to stay the way they are now!):</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre> ___________________
|
||||
| |
|
||||
| Collector |
|
||||
|___________________|
|
||||
/ \
|
||||
| Item.run()
|
||||
| ^
|
||||
receive test Items /
|
||||
| /execute test Item
|
||||
| /
|
||||
___________________/
|
||||
| |
|
||||
| Session |
|
||||
|___________________|
|
||||
|
||||
.............................
|
||||
. conftest.py configuration .
|
||||
. cmdline options .
|
||||
.............................</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>The <em>Session</em> basically receives test <em>Items</em> from a <em>Collector</em>,
|
||||
and executes them via the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Item.run()</span></tt> method. It monitors
|
||||
the outcome of the test and reports about failures and successes.</p>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="collectors-and-the-test-collection-process">
|
||||
<span id="collection-process"></span><h3>1.8.1.1. Collectors and the test collection process<a class="headerlink" href="#collectors-and-the-test-collection-process" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>The collecting process is iterative, i.e. the session
|
||||
traverses and generates a <em>collector tree</em>. Here is an example of such
|
||||
a tree, generated with the command <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span> <span class="pre">--collectonly</span> <span class="pre">py/xmlobj</span></tt>:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre><Directory 'xmlobj'>
|
||||
<Directory 'testing'>
|
||||
<Module 'test_html.py' (py.__.xmlobj.testing.test_html)>
|
||||
<Function 'test_html_name_stickyness'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_stylenames'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_class_None'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_alternating_style'>
|
||||
<Module 'test_xml.py' (py.__.xmlobj.testing.test_xml)>
|
||||
<Function 'test_tag_with_text'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_class_identity'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_tag_with_text_and_attributes'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_tag_with_subclassed_attr_simple'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_tag_nested'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_tag_xmlname'></pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>By default all directories not starting with a dot are traversed,
|
||||
looking for <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test_*.py</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*_test.py</span></tt> files. Those files
|
||||
are imported under their <a class="reference internal" href="#package-name">package name</a>.</p>
|
||||
<p>The Module collector looks for test functions
|
||||
and test classes and methods. Test functions and methods
|
||||
are prefixed <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test</span></tt> by default. Test classes must
|
||||
start with a capitalized <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Test</span></tt> prefix.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="test-items-are-collectors-as-well">
|
||||
<span id="collector-api"></span><h3>1.8.1.2. test items are collectors as well<a class="headerlink" href="#test-items-are-collectors-as-well" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>To make the reporting life simple for the session object
|
||||
items offer a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">run()</span></tt> method as well. In fact the session
|
||||
distinguishes “collectors” from “items” solely by interpreting
|
||||
their return value. If it is a list, then we recurse into
|
||||
it, otherwise we consider the “test” as passed.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="constructing-the-package-name-for-test-modules">
|
||||
<span id="package-name"></span><h3>1.8.1.3. constructing the package name for test modules<a class="headerlink" href="#constructing-the-package-name-for-test-modules" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Test modules are imported under their fully qualified
|
||||
name. Given a filesystem <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fspath</span></tt> it is constructed as follows:</p>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li>walk the directories up to the last one that contains
|
||||
an <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__init__.py</span></tt> file.</li>
|
||||
<li>perform <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path.insert(0,</span> <span class="pre">basedir)</span></tt>.</li>
|
||||
<li>import the root package as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">root</span></tt></li>
|
||||
<li>determine the fully qualified name for <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fspath</span></tt> by either:<ul>
|
||||
<li>calling <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">root.__pkg__.getimportname(fspath)</span></tt> if the
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__pkg__</span></tt> exists.` or</li>
|
||||
<li>otherwise use the relative path of the module path to
|
||||
the base dir and turn slashes into dots and strike
|
||||
the trailing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.py</span></tt>.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="customizing-the-testing-process">
|
||||
<h2>1.8.2. Customizing the testing process<a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-the-testing-process" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="writing-conftest-py-files">
|
||||
<h3>1.8.2.1. writing conftest.py files<a class="headerlink" href="#writing-conftest-py-files" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>You may put conftest.py files containing project-specific
|
||||
configuration in your project’s root directory, it’s usually
|
||||
best to put it just into the same directory level as your
|
||||
topmost <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__init__.py</span></tt>. In fact, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt> performs
|
||||
an “upwards” search starting from the directory that you specify
|
||||
to be tested and will lookup configuration values right-to-left.
|
||||
You may have options that reside e.g. in your home directory
|
||||
but note that project specific settings will be considered
|
||||
first. There is a flag that helps you debugging your
|
||||
conftest.py configurations:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">traceconfig</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="customizing-the-collecting-and-running-process">
|
||||
<h3>1.8.2.2. customizing the collecting and running process<a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-the-collecting-and-running-process" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>To introduce different test items you can create
|
||||
one or more <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">conftest.py</span></tt> files in your project.
|
||||
When the collection process traverses directories
|
||||
and modules the default collectors will produce
|
||||
custom Collectors and Items if they are found
|
||||
in a local <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">conftest.py</span></tt> file.</p>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="example-perform-additional-rest-checks">
|
||||
<h4>1.8.2.2.1. example: perform additional ReST checks<a class="headerlink" href="#example-perform-additional-rest-checks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
|
||||
<p>With your custom collectors or items you can completely
|
||||
derive from the standard way of collecting and running
|
||||
tests in a localized manner. Let’s look at an example.
|
||||
If you invoke <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span> <span class="pre">--collectonly</span> <span class="pre">py/documentation</span></tt>
|
||||
then you get:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre><DocDirectory 'documentation'>
|
||||
<DocDirectory 'example'>
|
||||
<DocDirectory 'pytest'>
|
||||
<Module 'test_setup_flow_example.py' (test_setup_flow_example)>
|
||||
<Class 'TestStateFullThing'>
|
||||
<Instance '()'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_42'>
|
||||
<Function 'test_23'>
|
||||
<ReSTChecker 'TODO.txt'>
|
||||
<ReSTSyntaxTest 'TODO.txt'>
|
||||
<LinkCheckerMaker 'checklinks'>
|
||||
<ReSTChecker 'api.txt'>
|
||||
<ReSTSyntaxTest 'api.txt'>
|
||||
<LinkCheckerMaker 'checklinks'>
|
||||
<CheckLink 'getting-started.html'>
|
||||
...</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>In <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py/documentation/conftest.py</span></tt> you find the following
|
||||
customization:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">DocDirectory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Directory</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<span class="n">results</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DocDirectory</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fspath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">listdir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'*.txt'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sort</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<span class="n">results</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">basename</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">results</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">endswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'.txt'</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DocDirectory</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fspath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">file</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">ReSTChecker</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">parent</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="n">Directory</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DocDirectory</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>The existence of the ‘Directory’ name in the
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pypy/documentation/conftest.py</span></tt> module makes the collection
|
||||
process defer to our custom “DocDirectory” collector. We extend
|
||||
the set of collected test items by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ReSTChecker</span></tt> instances
|
||||
which themselves create <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ReSTSyntaxTest</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LinkCheckerMaker</span></tt>
|
||||
items. All of this instances (need to) follow the <a class="reference internal" href="#collector-api">collector API</a>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="customizing-the-reporting-of-test-failures">
|
||||
<h3>1.8.2.3. Customizing the reporting of Test Failures<a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-the-reporting-of-test-failures" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>XXX implement Item.repr_run and Item.repr_path for your test items</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="writing-new-assertion-methods">
|
||||
<h3>1.8.2.4. Writing new assertion methods<a class="headerlink" href="#writing-new-assertion-methods" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>XXX __tracebackhide__, and use “print”</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="customizing-the-collection-process-in-a-module">
|
||||
<h3>1.8.2.5. Customizing the collection process in a module<a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-the-collection-process-in-a-module" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
REPEATED WARNING: details of the collection and running process are
|
||||
still subject to refactorings and thus details will change.
|
||||
If you are customizing py.test at “Item” level then you
|
||||
definitely want to be subscribed to the <a class="reference external" href="http://codespeak.net/mailman/listinfo/py-dev">py-dev mailing list</a>
|
||||
to follow ongoing development.</blockquote>
|
||||
<p>If you have a module where you want to take responsibility for
|
||||
collecting your own test Items and possibly even for executing
|
||||
a test then you can provide <a class="reference external" href="test-features.html#generative-tests">generative tests</a> that yield
|
||||
callables and possibly arguments as a tuple. This is especially
|
||||
useful for calling application test machinery with different
|
||||
parameter sets but counting each of the calls as a separate
|
||||
tests.</p>
|
||||
<p>The other extension possibility is about
|
||||
specifying a custom test <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Item</span></tt> class which
|
||||
is responsible for setting up and executing an underlying
|
||||
test. Or you can extend the collection process for a whole
|
||||
directory tree by putting Items in a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">conftest.py</span></tt> configuration file.
|
||||
The collection process dynamically consults the <em>chain of conftest.py</em>
|
||||
modules to determine collectors and items at <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Directory</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Module</span></tt>,
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Class</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Function</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Generator</span></tt> level respectively.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="customizing-execution-of-functions">
|
||||
<h3>1.8.2.6. Customizing execution of Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-execution-of-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test.collect.Function</span></tt> test items control execution
|
||||
of a test function. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">function.run()</span></tt> will get called by the
|
||||
session in order to actually run a test. The method is responsible
|
||||
for performing proper setup/teardown (“Test Fixtures”) for a
|
||||
Function test.</li>
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Function.execute(target,</span> <span class="pre">*args)</span></tt> methods are invoked by
|
||||
the default <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Function.run()</span></tt> to actually execute a python
|
||||
function with the given (usually empty set of) arguments.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sphinxsidebar">
|
||||
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
|
||||
<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="">1.8. Implementation and Customization of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt></a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#collecting-and-running-tests-implementation-remarks">1.8.1. Collecting and running tests / implementation remarks</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#collectors-and-the-test-collection-process">1.8.1.1. Collectors and the test collection process</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#test-items-are-collectors-as-well">1.8.1.2. test items are collectors as well</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#constructing-the-package-name-for-test-modules">1.8.1.3. constructing the package name for test modules</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#customizing-the-testing-process">1.8.2. Customizing the testing process</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#writing-conftest-py-files">1.8.2.1. writing conftest.py files</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#customizing-the-collecting-and-running-process">1.8.2.2. customizing the collecting and running process</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#example-perform-additional-rest-checks">1.8.2.2.1. example: perform additional ReST checks</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#customizing-the-reporting-of-test-failures">1.8.2.3. Customizing the reporting of Test Failures</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#writing-new-assertion-methods">1.8.2.4. Writing new assertion methods</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#customizing-the-collection-process-in-a-module">1.8.2.5. Customizing the collection process in a module</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#customizing-execution-of-functions">1.8.2.6. Customizing execution of Functions</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
|
||||
<p class="topless"><a href="test-examples.html"
|
||||
title="previous chapter">1.7. Working Examples</a></p>
|
||||
<h4>Next topic</h4>
|
||||
<p class="topless"><a href="execnet.html"
|
||||
title="next chapter">2. py.execnet</a></p>
|
||||
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|
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<ul class="this-page-menu">
|
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<li><a href="_sources/impl-test.txt"
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<h1>py lib: Main tools and APIs<a class="headerlink" href="#py-lib-main-tools-and-apis" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||||
<p><a class="reference external" href="test.html">py.test</a> write and deploy unit- and functional tests to multiple machines.</p>
|
||||
<p><a class="reference external" href="execnet.html">py.execnet</a> rapidly deploy local or remote processes from your program.</p>
|
||||
<p><a class="reference external" href="path.html">py.path</a>: use path objects to transparently access local and svn filesystems.</p>
|
||||
<p><a class="reference external" href="code.html">py.code</a>: generate python code and use advanced introspection/traceback support.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="minor-support-functionality">
|
||||
<h1>Minor support functionality<a class="headerlink" href="#minor-support-functionality" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||||
<p><a class="reference external" href="bin.html">py lib scripts</a> to make python development easier.</p>
|
||||
<p><a class="reference external" href="xml.html">py.xml</a> for generating in-memory xml/html object trees</p>
|
||||
<p><a class="reference external" href="io.html">py.io</a>: Helper Classes for Capturing of Input/Output</p>
|
||||
<p><a class="reference external" href="log.html">py.log</a>: an alpha document about the ad-hoc logging facilities</p>
|
||||
<p><a class="reference external" href="misc.html">miscellaneous features</a> describes some small but nice py lib features.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="full-contents">
|
||||
<h1>Full Contents<a class="headerlink" href="#full-contents" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="test.html">1. py.test</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-quickstart.html">1.1. Quickstart</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-features.html">1.2. Features</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-plugins.html">1.3. Included plugins</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-ext.html">1.4. Writing plugins</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-dist.html">1.5. Distributed testing</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-config.html">1.6. Test configuration</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-examples.html">1.7. Working Examples</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="impl-test.html">1.8. Implementation and Customization of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="execnet.html">2. py.execnet</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="execnet.html#gateways-immediately-spawn-local-or-remote-process">2.1. Gateways: immediately spawn local or remote process</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="execnet.html#remote-exec-execute-source-code-remotely">2.2. remote_exec: execute source code remotely</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="execnet.html#channels-bidirectionally-exchange-data-between-hosts">2.3. Channels: bidirectionally exchange data between hosts</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="execnet.html#xspec-string-specification-for-gateway-type-and-configuration">2.4. XSpec: string specification for gateway type and configuration</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="execnet.html#examples-of-py-execnet-usage">2.5. Examples of py.execnet usage</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="path.html">3. py.path</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="path.html#path-implementations-provided-by-py-path">3.1. Path implementations provided by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="path.html#common-vs-specific-api">3.2. Common vs. specific API</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="path.html#known-problems-limitations">3.3. Known problems / limitations</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="path.html#future-plans">3.4. Future plans</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="code.html">4. py.code</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="code.html#contents-of-the-library">4.1. Contents of the library</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="code.html#the-wrappers">4.2. The wrappers</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="bin.html">5. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py/bin/</span></tt> scripts</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="bin.html#py-test">5.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="bin.html#py-cleanup">5.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.cleanup</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="bin.html#py-countloc">5.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.countloc</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="bin.html#py-lookup">5.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.lookup</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="bin.html#py-rest">5.5. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.rest</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="xml.html">6. py.xml: Lightweight and flexible xml/html generation</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="xml.html#motivation">6.1. Motivation</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="xml.html#a-pythonic-object-model-please">6.2. a pythonic object model , please</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="io.html">7. py.io</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="io.html#io-capturing-examples">7.1. IO Capturing examples</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="log.html">8. py.log documentation and musings</a><ul>
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<h1>7. py.io<a class="headerlink" href="#py-io" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
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<p>The ‘py’ lib provides helper classes for capturing IO during
|
||||
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|
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<div class="section" id="io-capturing-examples">
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<h2>7.1. IO Capturing examples<a class="headerlink" href="#io-capturing-examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="py-io-stdcapture">
|
||||
<h3>7.1.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.io.StdCapture</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#py-io-stdcapture" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Basic Example:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">py</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">capture</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">io</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StdCapture</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">"hello"</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">capture</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reset</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">"hello"</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>For calling functions you may use a shortcut:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">py</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">f</span><span class="p">():</span> <span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">"hello"</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">io</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StdCapture</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">call</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">"hello"</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<div class="section" id="py-io-stdcapturefd">
|
||||
<h3>7.1.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.io.StdCaptureFD</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#py-io-stdcapturefd" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>If you also want to capture writes to the stdout/stderr
|
||||
filedescriptors you may invoke:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">py</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">capture</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">io</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StdCaptureFD</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"world"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">capture</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reset</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">err</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">'world'</span>
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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<h1>13. Links<a class="headerlink" href="#links" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p>Some links to ongoing discussions and comments about pylib and technics/concepts pylib uses.</p>
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<li><a class="reference external" href="http://blog.ianbicking.org/site-packages-considered-harmful.html">Discussion</a>
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about site-packages. That’s why pylib autopath and py.__.misc.dynpkg are a good idea ;-)</li>
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<li><a class="reference external" href="http://pyinotify.sourceforge.net/">Pyinotify</a> uses code from pypy autopath functions.</li>
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<li><a class="reference external" href="http://pythonpaste.org/testing-applications.html#the-test-environment">Testing (WSGI) Applications with Paste</a> and py.test. “This has been written with py.test in mind.” Paste uses py.test.</li>
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<li><a class="reference external" href="http://agiletesting.blogspot.com/">Agile Testing</a> by Grig Gheorghiu<ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://agiletesting.blogspot.com/2005/07/slides-from-py-library-overview.html">Slides from ‘py library overview’ presentation at SoCal Piggies meeting</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://agiletesting.blogspot.com/2005/01/python-unit-testing-part-3-pytest-tool.html">Python unit testing part 3: the py.test tool and library</a></li>
|
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<li><a class="reference external" href="http://agiletesting.blogspot.com/2005/07/py-lib-gems-greenlets-and-pyxml.html">greenlets and py.xml</a></li>
|
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<li><a class="reference external" href="http://agiletesting.blogspot.com/2005/06/keyword-based-logging-with-py-library.html">Keyword-based logging with the py library</a></li>
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<div class="section" id="py-log-documentation-and-musings">
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<h1>8. py.log documentation and musings<a class="headerlink" href="#py-log-documentation-and-musings" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="foreword">
|
||||
<h2>8.1. Foreword<a class="headerlink" href="#foreword" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>This document is an attempt to briefly state the actual specification of the
|
||||
<tt class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.log</span></tt> module. It was written by Francois Pinard and also contains
|
||||
some ideas for enhancing the py.log facilities.</p>
|
||||
<p>NOTE that <tt class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.log</span></tt> is subject to refactorings, it may change with
|
||||
the next release.</p>
|
||||
<p>This document is meant to trigger or facilitate discussions. It shamelessly
|
||||
steals from the <a class="reference external" href="http://agiletesting.blogspot.com/2005/06/keyword-based-logging-with-py-library.html">Agile Testing</a> comments, and from other sources as well,
|
||||
without really trying to sort them out.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="logging-organisation">
|
||||
<h2>8.2. Logging organisation<a class="headerlink" href="#logging-organisation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>The <tt class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.log</span></tt> module aims a niche comparable to the one of the
|
||||
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.4.2/lib/module-logging.html">logging module</a> found within the standard Python distributions, yet
|
||||
with much simpler paradigms for configuration and usage.</p>
|
||||
<p>Holger Krekel, the main <tt class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">py</span></tt> library developer, introduced
|
||||
the idea of keyword-based logging and the idea of logging <em>producers</em> and
|
||||
<em>consumers</em>. A log producer is an object used by the application code
|
||||
to send messages to various log consumers. When you create a log
|
||||
producer, you define a set of keywords that are then used to both route
|
||||
the logging messages to consumers, and to prefix those messages.</p>
|
||||
<p>In fact, each log producer has a few keywords associated with it for
|
||||
identification purposes. These keywords form a tuple of strings, and
|
||||
may be used to later retrieve a particular log producer.</p>
|
||||
<p>A log producer may (or may not) be associated with a log consumer, meant
|
||||
to handle log messages in particular ways. The log consumers can be
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">STDOUT</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">STDERR</span></tt>, log files, syslog, the Windows Event Log, user
|
||||
defined functions, etc. (Yet, logging to syslog or to the Windows Event
|
||||
Log is only future plans for now). A log producer has never more than
|
||||
one consumer at a given time, but it is possible to dynamically switch
|
||||
a producer to use another consumer. On the other hand, a single log
|
||||
consumer may be associated with many producers.</p>
|
||||
<p>Note that creating and associating a producer and a consumer is done
|
||||
automatically when not otherwise overriden, so using <tt class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">py</span></tt> logging
|
||||
is quite comfortable even in the smallest programs. More typically,
|
||||
the application programmer will likely design a hierarchy of producers,
|
||||
and will select keywords appropriately for marking the hierarchy tree.
|
||||
If a node of the hierarchical tree of producers has to be divided in
|
||||
sub-trees, all producers in the sub-trees share, as a common prefix, the
|
||||
keywords of the node being divided. In other words, we go further down
|
||||
in the hierarchy of producers merely by adding keywords.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="using-the-py-log-library">
|
||||
<h2>8.3. Using the py.log library<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-py-log-library" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>To use the <tt class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.log</span></tt> library, the user must import it into a Python
|
||||
application, create at least one log producer and one log consumer, have
|
||||
producers and consumers associated, and finally call the log producers
|
||||
as needed, giving them log messages.</p>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="importing">
|
||||
<h3>8.3.1. Importing<a class="headerlink" href="#importing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Once the <tt class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">py</span></tt> library is installed on your system, a mere:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">py</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>holds enough magic for lazily importing the various facilities of the
|
||||
<tt class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">py</span></tt> library when they are first needed. This is really how
|
||||
<tt class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.log</span></tt> is made available to the application. For example, after
|
||||
the above <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">py</span></tt>, one may directly write <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.log.Producer(...)</span></tt>
|
||||
and everything should work fine, the user does not have to worry about
|
||||
specifically importing more modules.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="creating-a-producer">
|
||||
<h3>8.3.2. Creating a producer<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-a-producer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>There are three ways for creating a log producer instance:</p>
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li>As soon as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.log</span></tt> is first evaluated within an application
|
||||
program, a default log producer is created, and made available under
|
||||
the name <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.log.default</span></tt>. The keyword <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">default</span></tt> is associated
|
||||
with that producer.</li>
|
||||
<li>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.log.Producer()</span></tt> constructor may be explicitly called
|
||||
for creating a new instance of a log producer. That constructor
|
||||
accepts, as an argument, the keywords that should be associated with
|
||||
that producer. Keywords may be given either as a tuple of keyword
|
||||
strings, or as a single space-separated string of keywords.</li>
|
||||
<li>Whenever an attribute is <em>taken</em> out of a log producer instance,
|
||||
for the first time that attribute is taken, a new log producer is
|
||||
created. The keywords associated with that new producer are those
|
||||
of the initial producer instance, to which is appended the name of
|
||||
the attribute being taken.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
<p>The last point is especially useful, as it allows using log producers
|
||||
without further declarations, merely creating them <em>on-the-fly</em>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="creating-a-consumer">
|
||||
<h3>8.3.3. Creating a consumer<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-a-consumer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>There are many ways for creating or denoting a log consumer:</p>
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p class="first">A default consumer exists within the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.log</span></tt> facilities, which
|
||||
has the effect of writing log messages on the Python standard output
|
||||
stream. That consumer is associated at the very top of the producer
|
||||
hierarchy, and as such, is called whenever no other consumer is
|
||||
found.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><p class="first">The notation <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.log.STDOUT</span></tt> accesses a log consumer which writes
|
||||
log messages on the Python standard output stream.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><p class="first">The notation <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.log.STDERR</span></tt> accesses a log consumer which writes
|
||||
log messages on the Python standard error stream.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><p class="first">The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.log.File()</span></tt> constructor accepts, as argument, either a file
|
||||
already opened in write mode or any similar file-like object, and
|
||||
creates a log consumer able to write log messages onto that file.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><p class="first">The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.log.Path()</span></tt> constructor accepts a file name for its first
|
||||
argument, and creates a log consumer able to write log messages into
|
||||
that file. The constructor call accepts a few keyword parameters:</p>
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">append</span></tt>, which is <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt> by default, may be used for
|
||||
opening the file in append mode instead of write mode.</li>
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">delayed_create</span></tt>, which is <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt> by default, maybe be used
|
||||
for opening the file at the latest possible time. Consequently,
|
||||
the file will not be created if it did not exist, and no actual
|
||||
log message gets written to it.</li>
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">buffering</span></tt>, which is 1 by default, is used when opening the
|
||||
file. Buffering can be turned off by specifying a 0 value. The
|
||||
buffer size may also be selected through this argument.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><p class="first">Any user defined function may be used for a log consumer. Such a
|
||||
function should accept a single argument, which is the message to
|
||||
write, and do whatever is deemed appropriate by the programmer.
|
||||
When the need arises, this may be an especially useful and flexible
|
||||
feature.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><p class="first">The special value <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> means no consumer at all. This acts just
|
||||
like if there was a consumer which would silently discard all log
|
||||
messages sent to it.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="associating-producers-and-consumers">
|
||||
<h3>8.3.4. Associating producers and consumers<a class="headerlink" href="#associating-producers-and-consumers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Each log producer may have at most one log consumer associated with
|
||||
it. A log producer gets associated with a log consumer through a
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.log.set_consumer()</span></tt> call. That function accepts two arguments,
|
||||
the first identifying a producer (a tuple of keyword strings or a single
|
||||
space-separated string of keywords), the second specifying the precise
|
||||
consumer to use for that producer. Until this function is called for a
|
||||
producer, that producer does not have any explicit consumer associated
|
||||
with it.</p>
|
||||
<p>Now, the hierarchy of log producers establishes which consumer gets used
|
||||
whenever a producer has no explicit consumer. When a log producer
|
||||
has no consumer explicitly associated with it, it dynamically and
|
||||
recursively inherits the consumer of its parent node, that is, that node
|
||||
being a bit closer to the root of the hierarchy. In other words, the
|
||||
rightmost keywords of that producer are dropped until another producer
|
||||
is found which has an explicit consumer. A nice side-effect is that,
|
||||
by explicitly associating a consumer with a producer, all consumer-less
|
||||
producers which appear under that producer, in the hierarchy tree,
|
||||
automatically <em>inherits</em> that consumer.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="writing-log-messages">
|
||||
<h3>8.3.5. Writing log messages<a class="headerlink" href="#writing-log-messages" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>All log producer instances are also functions, and this is by calling
|
||||
them that log messages are generated. Each call to a producer object
|
||||
produces the text for one log entry, which in turn, is sent to the log
|
||||
consumer for that producer.</p>
|
||||
<p>The log entry displays, after a prefix identifying the log producer
|
||||
being used, all arguments given in the call, converted to strings and
|
||||
space-separated. (This is meant by design to be fairly similar to what
|
||||
the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">print</span></tt> statement does in Python). The prefix itself is made up
|
||||
of a colon-separated list of keywords associated with the producer, the
|
||||
whole being set within square brackets.</p>
|
||||
<p>Note that the consumer is responsible for adding the newline at the end
|
||||
of the log entry. That final newline is not part of the text for the
|
||||
log entry.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sphinxsidebar">
|
||||
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
|
||||
<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="">8. py.log documentation and musings</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#foreword">8.1. Foreword</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#logging-organisation">8.2. Logging organisation</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#using-the-py-log-library">8.3. Using the py.log library</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#importing">8.3.1. Importing</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#creating-a-producer">8.3.2. Creating a producer</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#creating-a-consumer">8.3.3. Creating a consumer</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#associating-producers-and-consumers">8.3.4. Associating producers and consumers</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#writing-log-messages">8.3.5. Writing log messages</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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<div class="section" id="miscellaneous-features-of-the-py-lib">
|
||||
<h1>9. Miscellaneous features of the py lib<a class="headerlink" href="#miscellaneous-features-of-the-py-lib" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="mapping-the-standard-python-library-into-py">
|
||||
<h2>9.1. Mapping the standard python library into py<a class="headerlink" href="#mapping-the-standard-python-library-into-py" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
Warning: This feature is very young and thus experimental.
|
||||
Be prepared to adapt your code later if you use it.</blockquote>
|
||||
<p>After you have worked with the py lib a bit, you might enjoy
|
||||
the lazy importing, i.e. you only have to do <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">py</span></tt> and
|
||||
work your way to your desired object. Using the full path
|
||||
also ensures that there remains a focus on getting short paths
|
||||
to objects.</p>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="the-py-std-hook">
|
||||
<h3>9.1.1. The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.std</span></tt> hook<a class="headerlink" href="#the-py-std-hook" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Of course, no matter what, everybody will continue to use the
|
||||
python standard library because it is a very usable code base.
|
||||
However, to properly support lazyness the py lib offers a way
|
||||
to get to many standard modules without requiring “import”
|
||||
statements. For example, to get to the print-exception
|
||||
functionality of the standard library you can write:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">traceback</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">print_exc</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>without having to do anything else than the usual <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">py</span></tt>
|
||||
at the beginning. Note that not having imports for the
|
||||
<cite>python standard library</cite> obviously gets rid of the <em>unused
|
||||
import</em> problem. Modules only get imported when you actually
|
||||
need them.</p>
|
||||
<p>Moreover, this approach resolves some of the issues stated in
|
||||
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0328.html">the relative/absolute import PEP-328</a>, as with the above
|
||||
approach you never have ambiguity problems. The above
|
||||
traceback-usage is an absolute path that will not be
|
||||
accidentally get confused with local names. (Well, never put
|
||||
a file <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.py</span></tt> in an importable path, btw, mind you :-)</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="automagically-accessing-sub-packages-doesn-t-work-yet">
|
||||
<h3>9.1.2. Automagically accessing sub packages doesn’t work (yet?)<a class="headerlink" href="#automagically-accessing-sub-packages-doesn-t-work-yet" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>If you use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.std</span></tt> hook you currently cannot magically
|
||||
import nested packages which otherwise need explicit imports of
|
||||
their sub-packages. For example, the suversion bindings
|
||||
require you to do something like:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">svn.client</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>If you just do the naive thing with the py lib, i.e. write
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.std.svn.client</span></tt> it will not work unless you previously
|
||||
imported it already. The py lib currently doesn’t try to
|
||||
magically make this work. The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.std</span></tt> hook really is
|
||||
intended for Python standard modules which very seldomly (if
|
||||
at all) provide such nested packages.</p>
|
||||
<p><strong>Note that you may never rely</strong> on module identity, i.e.
|
||||
that <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">X</span> <span class="pre">is</span> <span class="pre">py.std.X</span></tt> for any <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">X</span></tt>. This is to allow
|
||||
us later to lazyly import nested packages. Yes, lazyness
|
||||
is hard to resist :-)</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="note-you-get-an-attributeerror-not-an-importerror">
|
||||
<h3>9.1.3. Note: you get an AttributeError, not an ImportError<a class="headerlink" href="#note-you-get-an-attributeerror-not-an-importerror" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>If you say <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.std.XYZ</span></tt> and importing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">XYZ</span></tt> produces an
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></tt> , it will actually show up as an
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">AttributeError</span></tt>. It is deemed more important to adhere to
|
||||
the standard <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__getattr__</span></tt> protocol than to let the
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></tt> pass through. For example, you might want to
|
||||
do:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cStringIO</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'StringIO'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StringIO</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StringIO</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>and you would expect that it works. It does work although it will
|
||||
take away some lazyness because <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.std.StringIO.StringIO</span></tt> will
|
||||
be imported in any case.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="support-for-interaction-with-system-utilities-binaries">
|
||||
<h2>9.2. Support for interaction with system utilities/binaries<a class="headerlink" href="#support-for-interaction-with-system-utilities-binaries" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>sources:</p>
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py/process/</span></tt></li>
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py/path/local/</span></tt></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
<p>Currently, the py lib offers two ways to interact with
|
||||
system executables. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.process.cmdexec()</span></tt> invokes
|
||||
the shell in order to execute a string. The other
|
||||
one, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path.local</span></tt>‘s ‘sysexec()’ method lets you
|
||||
directly execute a binary.</p>
|
||||
<p>Both approaches will raise an exception in case of a return-
|
||||
code other than 0 and otherwise return the stdout-output
|
||||
of the child process.</p>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="the-shell-based-approach">
|
||||
<h3>9.2.1. The shell based approach<a class="headerlink" href="#the-shell-based-approach" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>You can execute a command via your system shell
|
||||
by doing something like:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cmdexec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'ls -v'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>However, the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmdexec</span></tt> approach has a few shortcomings:</p>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li>it relies on the underlying system shell</li>
|
||||
<li>it neccessitates shell-escaping for expressing arguments</li>
|
||||
<li>it does not easily allow to “fix” the binary you want to run.</li>
|
||||
<li>it only allows to execute executables from the local
|
||||
filesystem</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="local-paths-have-sysexec">
|
||||
<span id="sysexec"></span><h3>9.2.2. local paths have <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sysexec</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#local-paths-have-sysexec" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>The py lib currently offers a stripped down functionality of what
|
||||
the new <a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0324.html">PEP-324 subprocess module</a> offers. The main functionality
|
||||
of synchronously executing a system executable has a straightforward API:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">binsvn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sysexec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'ls'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'http://codespeak.net/svn'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>where <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">binsvn</span></tt> is a path that points to the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">svn</span></tt> commandline
|
||||
binary. Note that this function would not offer any shell-escaping
|
||||
so you really have to pass in separated arguments. This idea
|
||||
fits nicely into <a class="reference external" href="future.html#general-path">a more general view on path objects</a>.</p>
|
||||
<p>For a first go, we are just reusing the existing <a class="reference external" href="http://www.lysator.liu.se/~astrand/popen5/">subprocess
|
||||
implementation</a> but don’t expose any of its API apart
|
||||
from the above <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sysexec()</span></tt> method.</p>
|
||||
<p>Note, however, that currently the support for the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sysexec</span></tt> interface on
|
||||
win32 is not thoroughly tested. If you run into problems with it, we are
|
||||
interested to hear about them. If you are running a Python older than 2.4 you
|
||||
will have to install the <a class="reference external" href="http://pywin32.sourceforge.net/">pywin32 package</a>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="finding-an-executable-local-path">
|
||||
<h3>9.2.3. finding an executable local path<a class="headerlink" href="#finding-an-executable-local-path" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Finding an executable is quite different on multiple platforms.
|
||||
Currently, the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PATH</span></tt> environment variable based search on
|
||||
unix platforms is supported:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">local</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sysfind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'svn'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>which returns the first path whose <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">basename</span></tt> matches <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">svn</span></tt>.
|
||||
In principle, <cite>sysfind</cite> deploys platform specific algorithms
|
||||
to perform the search. On Windows, for example, it may look
|
||||
at the registry (XXX).</p>
|
||||
<p>To make the story complete, we allow to pass in a second <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">checker</span></tt>
|
||||
argument that is called for each found executable. For example, if
|
||||
you have multiple binaries available you may want to select the
|
||||
right version:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>def mysvn(p):
|
||||
""" check that the given svn binary has version 1.1. """
|
||||
line = p.execute('--version'').readlines()[0]
|
||||
if line.find('version 1.1'):
|
||||
return p
|
||||
binsvn = py.path.local.sysfind('svn', checker=mysvn)</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="cross-python-version-compatibility-helpers">
|
||||
<h2>9.3. Cross-Python Version compatibility helpers<a class="headerlink" href="#cross-python-version-compatibility-helpers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>sources:</p>
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py/compat/</span></tt></li>
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py/builtin/</span></tt></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
<p>The compat and builtin namespaces help to write code using newer python features on older python interpreters.</p>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="py-compat">
|
||||
<h3>9.3.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.compat</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#py-compat" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.compat</span></tt> provides fixed versions (currently taken from Python 2.4.4) of
|
||||
a few selected modules to be able to use them across python versions. Currently these are:</p>
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li>doctest</li>
|
||||
<li>optparse</li>
|
||||
<li>subprocess</li>
|
||||
<li>textwrap</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
<p>Note that for example <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">doctest</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">py.compat</span> <span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">doctest</span></tt> result
|
||||
into two different module objects no matter what Python version you are using.
|
||||
So you should only use exactly one of these to avoid confusion in your program.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="py-builtin">
|
||||
<h3>9.3.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.builtin</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#py-builtin" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.builtin</span></tt> provides builtin functions/types that were added in later Python
|
||||
versions. If the used Python version used does not provide these builtins the
|
||||
py lib provides some reimplementations. These currently are:</p>
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li>enumerate</li>
|
||||
<li>reversed</li>
|
||||
<li>sorted</li>
|
||||
<li>BaseException</li>
|
||||
<li>set and frozenset (using either the builtin, if available, or the sets
|
||||
module)</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.builtin.BaseException</span></tt> is just <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Exception</span></tt> before Python 2.5.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
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|
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="">9. Miscellaneous features of the py lib</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#mapping-the-standard-python-library-into-py">9.1. Mapping the standard python library into py</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#the-py-std-hook">9.1.1. The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.std</span></tt> hook</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#automagically-accessing-sub-packages-doesn-t-work-yet">9.1.2. Automagically accessing sub packages doesn’t work (yet?)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#note-you-get-an-attributeerror-not-an-importerror">9.1.3. Note: you get an AttributeError, not an ImportError</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#support-for-interaction-with-system-utilities-binaries">9.2. Support for interaction with system utilities/binaries</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#the-shell-based-approach">9.2.1. The shell based approach</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#local-paths-have-sysexec">9.2.2. local paths have <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sysexec</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#finding-an-executable-local-path">9.2.3. finding an executable local path</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#cross-python-version-compatibility-helpers">9.3. Cross-Python Version compatibility helpers</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#py-compat">9.3.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.compat</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#py-builtin">9.3.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.builtin</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
|
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<div class="section" id="py-path">
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||||
<h1>3. py.path<a class="headerlink" href="#py-path" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||||
<p>The ‘py’ lib provides a uniform high-level api to deal with filesystems
|
||||
and filesystem-like interfaces: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path</span></tt>. It aims to offer a central
|
||||
object to fs-like object trees (reading from and writing to files, adding
|
||||
files/directories, examining the types and structure, etc.), and out-of-the-box
|
||||
provides a number of implementations of this API.</p>
|
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<div class="section" id="path-implementations-provided-by-py-path">
|
||||
<h2>3.1. Path implementations provided by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#path-implementations-provided-by-py-path" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="py-path-local">
|
||||
<h3>3.1.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path.local</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#py-path-local" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>The first and most obvious of the implementations is a wrapper around a local
|
||||
filesystem. It’s just a bit nicer in usage than the regular Python APIs, and
|
||||
of course all the functionality is bundled together rather than spread over a
|
||||
number of modules.</p>
|
||||
<p>Example usage, here we use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test.ensuretemp()</span></tt> function to create
|
||||
a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path.local</span></tt> object for us (which wraps a directory):</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">py</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">temppath</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ensuretemp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'py.path_documentation'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">foopath</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">temppath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'foo'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># get child 'foo' (lazily)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">foopath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c"># check if child 'foo' exists</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">False</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">foopath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'bar'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># write some data to it</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">foopath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">foopath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">'bar'</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">foofile</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">foopath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c"># return a 'real' file object</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">foofile</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">'b'</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="py-path-svnurl-and-py-path-svnwc">
|
||||
<h3>3.1.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path.svnurl</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path.svnwc</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#py-path-svnurl-and-py-path-svnwc" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Two other <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path</span></tt> implementations that the py lib provides wrap the
|
||||
popular <a class="reference external" href="http://subversion.tigris.org/">Subversion</a> revision control system: the first (called ‘svnurl’)
|
||||
by interfacing with a remote server, the second by wrapping a local checkout.
|
||||
Both allow you to access relatively advanced features such as metadata and
|
||||
versioning, and both in a way more user-friendly manner than existing other
|
||||
solutions.</p>
|
||||
<p>Some example usage of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path.svnurl</span></tt>:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>.. >>> import py
|
||||
.. >>> if not py.test.config.option.urlcheck: raise ValueError('skipchunk')
|
||||
>>> url = py.path.svnurl('http://codespeak.net/svn/py')
|
||||
>>> info = url.info()
|
||||
>>> info.kind
|
||||
'dir'
|
||||
>>> firstentry = url.log()[-1]
|
||||
>>> import time
|
||||
>>> time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d', time.gmtime(firstentry.date))
|
||||
'2004-10-02'</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>Example usage of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path.svnwc</span></tt>:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>.. >>> if not py.test.config.option.urlcheck: raise ValueError('skipchunk')
|
||||
>>> temp = py.test.ensuretemp('py.path_documentation')
|
||||
>>> wc = py.path.svnwc(temp.join('svnwc'))
|
||||
>>> wc.checkout('http://codespeak.net/svn/py/dist/py/path/local')
|
||||
>>> wc.join('local.py').check()
|
||||
True</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="common-vs-specific-api">
|
||||
<h2>3.2. Common vs. specific API<a class="headerlink" href="#common-vs-specific-api" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>All Path objects support a common set of operations, suitable
|
||||
for many use cases and allowing to transparently switch the
|
||||
path object within an application (e.g. from “local” to “svnwc”).
|
||||
The common set includes functions such as <cite>path.read()</cite> to read all data
|
||||
from a file, <cite>path.write()</cite> to write data, <cite>path.listdir()</cite> to get a list
|
||||
of directory entries, <cite>path.check()</cite> to check if a node exists
|
||||
and is of a particular type, <cite>path.join()</cite> to get
|
||||
to a (grand)child, <cite>path.visit()</cite> to recursively walk through a node’s
|
||||
children, etc. Only things that are not common on ‘normal’ filesystems (yet),
|
||||
such as handling metadata (e.g. the Subversion “properties”) require
|
||||
using specific APIs.</p>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="examples">
|
||||
<h3>3.2.1. Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>A quick ‘cookbook’ of small examples that will be useful ‘in real life’,
|
||||
which also presents parts of the ‘common’ API, and shows some non-common
|
||||
methods:</p>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="searching-txt-files">
|
||||
<h4>3.2.1.1. Searching <cite>.txt</cite> files<a class="headerlink" href="#searching-txt-files" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
|
||||
<p>Search for a particular string inside all files with a .txt extension in a
|
||||
specific directory.</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">dirpath</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">temppath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ensure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'testdir'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">dir</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">dirpath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'textfile1.txt'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'foo bar baz'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">dirpath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'textfile2.txt'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'frob bar spam eggs'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">subdir</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dirpath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ensure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'subdir'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">dir</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">subdir</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'textfile1.txt'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'foo baz'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">subdir</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'textfile2.txt'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'spam eggs spam foo bar spam'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">results</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">fpath</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">dirpath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">visit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'*.txt'</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="s">'bar'</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">fpath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">results</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fpath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">basename</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">results</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">results</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">['textfile1.txt', 'textfile2.txt', 'textfile2.txt']</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="working-with-paths">
|
||||
<h4>3.2.1.2. Working with Paths<a class="headerlink" href="#working-with-paths" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
|
||||
<p>This example shows the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path</span></tt> features to deal with
|
||||
filesystem paths Note that the filesystem is never touched,
|
||||
all operations are performed on a string level (so the paths
|
||||
don’t have to exist, either):</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">local</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'/foo/bar'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'baz/qux'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p2</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">local</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'/foo/bar/baz/qux'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sep</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">local</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sep</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">relto</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sep</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'/'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># os-specific path sep in the string</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">'baz/qux'</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bestrelpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sep</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'/'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">'../..'</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bestrelpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p1</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">p1</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p1</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="s">'baz/qux'</span> <span class="c"># the / operator allows joining, too</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p2</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">p3</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p4</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s">".py"</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p4</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">basename</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">"bar.py"</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p4</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ext</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">".py"</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p4</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">purebasename</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">"bar"</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>This should be possible on every implementation of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path</span></tt>, so
|
||||
regardless of whether the implementation wraps a UNIX filesystem, a Windows
|
||||
one, or a database or object tree, these functions should be available (each
|
||||
with their own notion of path seperators and dealing with conversions, etc.).</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="checking-path-types">
|
||||
<h4>3.2.1.3. Checking path types<a class="headerlink" href="#checking-path-types" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
|
||||
<p>Now we will show a bit about the powerful ‘check()’ method on paths, which
|
||||
allows you to check whether a file exists, what type it is, etc.:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">file1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">temppath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'file1'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">file1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c"># does it exist?</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">False</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">file1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">file1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ensure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">file</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># 'touch' the file</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">file1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">file1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">dir</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># is it a dir?</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">False</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">file1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">file</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># or a file?</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">file1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ext</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'.txt'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># check the extension</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">False</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">textfile</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">temppath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ensure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'text.txt'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">file</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">textfile</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ext</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'.txt'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">file1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">basename</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'file1'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># we can use all the path's properties here</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="setting-svn-properties">
|
||||
<h4>3.2.1.4. Setting svn-properties<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-svn-properties" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
|
||||
<p>As an example of ‘uncommon’ methods, we’ll show how to read and write
|
||||
properties in an <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path.svnwc</span></tt> instance:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>.. >>> if not py.test.config.option.urlcheck: raise ValueError('skipchunk')
|
||||
>>> wc.propget('foo')
|
||||
''
|
||||
>>> wc.propset('foo', 'bar')
|
||||
>>> wc.propget('foo')
|
||||
'bar'
|
||||
>>> len(wc.status().prop_modified) # our own props
|
||||
1
|
||||
>>> msg = wc.revert() # roll back our changes
|
||||
>>> len(wc.status().prop_modified)
|
||||
0</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="svn-authentication">
|
||||
<h4>3.2.1.5. SVN authentication<a class="headerlink" href="#svn-authentication" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
|
||||
<p>Some uncommon functionality can also be provided as extensions, such as SVN
|
||||
authentication:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>.. >>> if not py.test.config.option.urlcheck: raise ValueError('skipchunk')
|
||||
>>> auth = py.path.SvnAuth('anonymous', 'user', cache_auth=False,
|
||||
... interactive=False)
|
||||
>>> wc.auth = auth
|
||||
>>> wc.update() # this should work
|
||||
>>> path = wc.ensure('thisshouldnotexist.txt')
|
||||
>>> try:
|
||||
... path.commit('testing')
|
||||
... except py.process.cmdexec.Error, e:
|
||||
... pass
|
||||
>>> 'authorization failed' in str(e)
|
||||
True</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="known-problems-limitations">
|
||||
<h2>3.3. Known problems / limitations<a class="headerlink" href="#known-problems-limitations" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li>The SVN path objects require the “svn” command line,
|
||||
there is currently no support for python bindings.
|
||||
Parsing the svn output can lead to problems, particularly
|
||||
regarding if you have a non-english “locales” setting.</li>
|
||||
<li>While the path objects basically work on windows,
|
||||
there is no attention yet on making unicode paths
|
||||
work or deal with the famous “8.3” filename issues.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="future-plans">
|
||||
<h2>3.4. Future plans<a class="headerlink" href="#future-plans" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>The Subversion path implementations are based
|
||||
on the <cite>svn</cite> command line, not on the bindings.
|
||||
It makes sense now to directly use the bindings.</p>
|
||||
<p>Moreover, it would be good, also considering
|
||||
<a class="reference external" href="execnet.html">py.execnet</a> distribution of programs, to
|
||||
be able to manipulate Windows Paths on Linux
|
||||
and vice versa. So we’d like to consider
|
||||
refactoring the path implementations
|
||||
to provide this choice (and getting rid
|
||||
of platform-dependencies as much as possible).</p>
|
||||
<p>There is some experimental small approach
|
||||
(<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py/path/gateway/</span></tt>) aiming at having
|
||||
a convenient Remote Path implementation
|
||||
and some considerations about future
|
||||
works in the according <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py/path/gateway/TODO.txt</span></tt></p>
|
||||
<p>There are various hacks out there to have
|
||||
Memory-Filesystems and even path objects
|
||||
being directly mountable under Linux (via <cite>fuse</cite>).
|
||||
However, the Path object implementations
|
||||
do not internally have a clean abstraction
|
||||
of going to the filesystem - so with some
|
||||
refactoring it should become easier to
|
||||
have very custom Path objects, still offering
|
||||
the quite full interface without requiring
|
||||
to know about all details of the full path
|
||||
implementation.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sphinxsidebar">
|
||||
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
|
||||
<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="">3. py.path</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#path-implementations-provided-by-py-path">3.1. Path implementations provided by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path</span></tt></a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#py-path-local">3.1.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path.local</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#py-path-svnurl-and-py-path-svnwc">3.1.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path.svnurl</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.path.svnwc</span></tt></a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#common-vs-specific-api">3.2. Common vs. specific API</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#examples">3.2.1. Examples</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#searching-txt-files">3.2.1.1. Searching <cite>.txt</cite> files</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#working-with-paths">3.2.1.2. Working with Paths</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#checking-path-types">3.2.1.3. Checking path types</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#setting-svn-properties">3.2.1.4. Setting svn-properties</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#svn-authentication">3.2.1.5. SVN authentication</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#known-problems-limitations">3.3. Known problems / limitations</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#future-plans">3.4. Future plans</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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<p>See here for more information:</p>
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<h1>16.1. py lib 0.9.0: py.test, distributed execution, greenlets and more<a class="headerlink" href="#py-lib-0-9-0-py-test-distributed-execution-greenlets-and-more" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<li>py.magic.greenlet: micro-threads on standard CPython (“stackless-light”)</li>
|
||||
<li>py.path: path abstractions over local and subversion files</li>
|
||||
<li>rich documentation of py’s exported API</li>
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<h2>1.6.1. test options and values<a class="headerlink" href="#test-options-and-values" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
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|
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<span id="distribute-tests-across-machines"></span><h1>1.5. Distributed testing<a class="headerlink" href="#distributed-testing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||||
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt> can ad-hoc distribute test runs to multiple CPUs or remote
|
||||
machines. This allows to speed up development or to use special resources
|
||||
of remote machines. Before running tests remotely, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt> efficiently
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<p>Synchronisation and running of tests only requires
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
by use of the <strong>zero installation</strong> <a class="reference external" href="execnet.html">py.execnet</a> mechanisms.</p>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="speed-up-test-runs-by-sending-tests-to-multiple-cpus">
|
||||
<h2>1.5.1. Speed up test runs by sending tests to multiple CPUs<a class="headerlink" href="#speed-up-test-runs-by-sending-tests-to-multiple-cpus" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>To send tests to multiple CPUs, type:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>py.test -n NUM</pre>
|
||||
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|
||||
<p>Especially for longer running tests or tests requiring
|
||||
a lot of IO this can lead to considerable speed ups.</p>
|
||||
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|
||||
<div class="section" id="running-tests-in-a-python-subprocess">
|
||||
<h2>1.5.2. Running tests in a Python subprocess<a class="headerlink" href="#running-tests-in-a-python-subprocess" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>To instantiate a python2.4 sub process and send tests to it, you may type:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>py.test -d --tx popen//python=python2.4</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>This will start a subprocess which is run with the “python2.4”
|
||||
Python interpreter, found in your system binary lookup path.</p>
|
||||
<p>If you prefix the –tx option value like this:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>--tx 3*popen//python=python2.4</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>then three subprocesses would be created and tests
|
||||
will be load-balanced across these three processes.</p>
|
||||
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|
||||
<div class="section" id="sending-tests-to-remote-ssh-accounts">
|
||||
<h2>1.5.3. Sending tests to remote SSH accounts<a class="headerlink" href="#sending-tests-to-remote-ssh-accounts" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>Suppose you have a package <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mypkg</span></tt> which contains some
|
||||
tests that you can successfully run locally. And you
|
||||
have a ssh-reachable machine <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">myhost</span></tt>. Then
|
||||
you can ad-hoc distribute your tests by typing:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>py.test -d --tx ssh=myhostpopen --rsyncdir mypkg mypkg</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>This will synchronize your <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mypkg</span></tt> package directory
|
||||
to an remote ssh account and then locally collect tests
|
||||
and send them to remote places for execution.</p>
|
||||
<p>You can specify multiple <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--rsyncdir</span></tt> directories
|
||||
to be sent to the remote side.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="sending-tests-to-remote-socket-servers">
|
||||
<h2>1.5.4. Sending tests to remote Socket Servers<a class="headerlink" href="#sending-tests-to-remote-socket-servers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>Download the single-module <a class="reference external" href="http://codespeak.net/svn/py/dist/py/execnet/script/socketserver.py">socketserver.py</a> Python program
|
||||
and run it like this:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>python socketserver.py</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>It will tell you that it starts listening on the default
|
||||
port. You can now on your home machine specify this
|
||||
new socket host with something like this:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>py.test -d --tx socket=192.168.1.102:8888 --rsyncdir mypkg mypkg</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="running-tests-on-many-platforms-at-once">
|
||||
<span id="atonce"></span><h2>1.5.5. Running tests on many platforms at once<a class="headerlink" href="#running-tests-on-many-platforms-at-once" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>The basic command to run tests on multiple platforms is:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">dist</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">each</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">spec1</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">spec2</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>If you specify a windows host, an OSX host and a Linux
|
||||
environment this command will send each tests to all
|
||||
platforms - and report back failures from all platforms
|
||||
at once. The provided specifications strings
|
||||
use the <a class="reference external" href="execnet.html#xspec">xspec syntax</a>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="specifying-test-exec-environments-in-a-conftest-py">
|
||||
<h2>1.5.6. Specifying test exec environments in a conftest.py<a class="headerlink" href="#specifying-test-exec-environments-in-a-conftest-py" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>Instead of specifying command line options, you can
|
||||
put options values in a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">conftest.py</span></tt> file like this:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">pytest_option_tx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'ssh=myhost//python=python2.5'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'popen//python=python2.5'</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||||
<span class="n">pytest_option_dist</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">True</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>Any commandline <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--tx</span></tt> specifictions will add to the list of available execution
|
||||
environments.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="specifying-rsync-dirs-in-a-conftest-py">
|
||||
<h2>1.5.7. Specifying “rsync” dirs in a conftest.py<a class="headerlink" href="#specifying-rsync-dirs-in-a-conftest-py" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>In your <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mypkg/conftest.py</span></tt> you may specify directories to synchronise
|
||||
or to exclude:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">rsyncdirs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'.'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'../plugins'</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||||
<span class="n">rsyncignore</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'_cache'</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>These directory specifications are relative to the directory
|
||||
where the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">conftest.py</span></tt> is found.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
|
||||
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|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="">1.5. Distributed testing</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#speed-up-test-runs-by-sending-tests-to-multiple-cpus">1.5.1. Speed up test runs by sending tests to multiple CPUs</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#running-tests-in-a-python-subprocess">1.5.2. Running tests in a Python subprocess</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#sending-tests-to-remote-ssh-accounts">1.5.3. Sending tests to remote SSH accounts</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#sending-tests-to-remote-socket-servers">1.5.4. Sending tests to remote Socket Servers</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#running-tests-on-many-platforms-at-once">1.5.5. Running tests on many platforms at once</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#specifying-test-exec-environments-in-a-conftest-py">1.5.6. Specifying test exec environments in a conftest.py</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#specifying-rsync-dirs-in-a-conftest-py">1.5.7. Specifying “rsync” dirs in a conftest.py</a></li>
|
||||
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|
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<h1>1.7. Working Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#working-examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="managing-state-at-module-class-and-method-level">
|
||||
<h2>1.7.1. managing state at module, class and method level<a class="headerlink" href="#managing-state-at-module-class-and-method-level" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>Here is a working example for what goes on when you setup modules,
|
||||
classes and methods:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c"># [[from py/documentation/example/pytest/test_setup_flow_example.py]]</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">setup_module</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">module</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TestStateFullThing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">classcount</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">TestStateFullThing</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">setup_class</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cls</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<span class="n">cls</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">classcount</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mf">1</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">teardown_class</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cls</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<span class="n">cls</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">classcount</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="mf">1</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">setup_method</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">eval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">func_name</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">5</span><span class="p">:])</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_42</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">classcount</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mf">1</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mf">42</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_23</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">classcount</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mf">1</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mf">23</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">teardown_module</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">module</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TestStateFullThing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">classcount</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mf">0</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>For this example the control flow happens as follows:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>import test_setup_flow_example
|
||||
setup_module(test_setup_flow_example)
|
||||
setup_class(TestStateFullThing)
|
||||
instance = TestStateFullThing()
|
||||
setup_method(instance, instance.test_42)
|
||||
instance.test_42()
|
||||
setup_method(instance, instance.test_23)
|
||||
instance.test_23()
|
||||
teardown_class(TestStateFullThing)
|
||||
teardown_module(test_setup_flow_example)</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>Note that <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">setup_class(TestStateFullThing)</span></tt> is called and not
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TestStateFullThing.setup_class()</span></tt> which would require you
|
||||
to insert <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">setup_class</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">classmethod(setup_class)</span></tt> to make
|
||||
your setup function callable. Did we mention that lazyness
|
||||
is a virtue?</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
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<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
|
||||
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|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="">1.7. Working Examples</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#managing-state-at-module-class-and-method-level">1.7.1. managing state at module, class and method level</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
|
||||
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|
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<h1>1.4. Writing plugins<a class="headerlink" href="#writing-plugins" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="learning-by-examples">
|
||||
<h2>1.4.1. Learning by examples<a class="headerlink" href="#learning-by-examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>XXX</p>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="adding-custom-options">
|
||||
<h3>1.4.1.1. adding custom options<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-custom-options" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>py.test supports adding of standard <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library/optparse.html">optparse</a> Options.
|
||||
A plugin may implement the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">addoption</span></tt> hook for registering
|
||||
custom options:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>class ConftestPlugin:
|
||||
def pytest_addoption(self, parser):
|
||||
parser.addoption("-M", "--myopt", action="store",
|
||||
help="specify string to set myopt")
|
||||
|
||||
def pytest_configure(self, config):
|
||||
if config.option.myopt:
|
||||
# do action based on option value</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="setting-default-values-for-test-options">
|
||||
<h2>1.4.2. Setting default values for test options<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-default-values-for-test-options" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>You can see all available command line options by running:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">h</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>py.test will lookup values of options in this order:</p>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li>option value supplied at command line</li>
|
||||
<li>content of environment variable <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYTEST_OPTION_NAME=...</span></tt></li>
|
||||
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">...</span></tt> setting in the nearest <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">conftest.py</span></tt> file.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p>The name of an option usually is the one you find
|
||||
in the longform of the option, i.e. the name
|
||||
behind the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--</span></tt> double-dash.</p>
|
||||
<p>IOW, you can set default values for options per project, per
|
||||
home-directoray, per shell session or per test-run.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="plugin-methods">
|
||||
<h2>1.4.3. Plugin methods<a class="headerlink" href="#plugin-methods" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>A Plugin class may implement the following attributes and methods:</p>
|
||||
<p>XXX</p>
|
||||
<p><span class="target" id="pytest-event">pytest event</span>:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="pytest-events">
|
||||
<h2>1.4.4. Pytest Events<a class="headerlink" href="#pytest-events" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>XXX</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
</div>
|
||||
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|
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|
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<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
|
||||
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|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="">1.4. Writing plugins</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#learning-by-examples">1.4.1. Learning by examples</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#adding-custom-options">1.4.1.1. adding custom options</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
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|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#setting-default-values-for-test-options">1.4.2. Setting default values for test options</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#plugin-methods">1.4.3. Plugin methods</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#pytest-events">1.4.4. Pytest Events</a></li>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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<div class="section" id="features">
|
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<h1>1.2. Features<a class="headerlink" href="#features" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||||
<p>py.test is a standalone-tool that collects and runs tests for
|
||||
your Python application and modules. py.test works across
|
||||
linux, windows and osx and on Python 2.3 - Python 2.6.</p>
|
||||
<p>It aims to support <em>unit-tests</em> and <em>functional tests</em> written
|
||||
in Python and is used in projects that run more than 10000
|
||||
tests regularly.</p>
|
||||
<p>py.test presents a clean and powerful command line interface
|
||||
and strives to generally make testing a fun effort.</p>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="automatically-collects-and-executes-tests">
|
||||
<h2>1.2.1. automatically collects and executes tests<a class="headerlink" href="#automatically-collects-and-executes-tests" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>py.test discovers tests automatically by inspect specified
|
||||
directories or files. By default, it collects all python
|
||||
modules a leading <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test_</span></tt> or trailing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_test</span></tt> filename.
|
||||
From each test module every function with a leading <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test_</span></tt>
|
||||
or class with a leading <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Test</span></tt> name is collected.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="load-balance-tests-to-multiple-cpus">
|
||||
<h2>1.2.2. load-balance tests to multiple CPUs<a class="headerlink" href="#load-balance-tests-to-multiple-cpus" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>For large test suites you can distribute your
|
||||
tests to multiple CPUs by issuing for example:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>py.test -n 3</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>Read more on <a class="reference external" href="test-dist.html">distributed testing</a>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="distribute-tests-across-machines">
|
||||
<h2>1.2.3. Distribute tests across machines<a class="headerlink" href="#distribute-tests-across-machines" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>py.test supports the sending of tests to
|
||||
remote ssh-accounts or socket servers.
|
||||
It can <cite>ad-hoc run your test on multiple
|
||||
platforms one a single test run</cite>. Ad-hoc
|
||||
means that there are <strong>no installation
|
||||
requirements whatsoever</strong> on the remote side.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="extensive-debugging-support">
|
||||
<h2>1.2.4. extensive debugging support<a class="headerlink" href="#extensive-debugging-support" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="testing-starts-immediately">
|
||||
<h3>1.2.4.1. testing starts immediately<a class="headerlink" href="#testing-starts-immediately" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Testing starts as soon as the first <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test</span> <span class="pre">item</span></tt>
|
||||
is collected. The collection process is iterative
|
||||
and does not need to complete before your first
|
||||
test items are executed.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="support-for-modules-containing-tests">
|
||||
<h3>1.2.4.2. support for modules containing tests<a class="headerlink" href="#support-for-modules-containing-tests" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>As <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt> operates as a separate cmdline
|
||||
tool you can easily have a command line utility and
|
||||
some tests in the same file.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="debug-with-the-print-statement">
|
||||
<h3>1.2.4.3. debug with the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">print</span></tt> statement<a class="headerlink" href="#debug-with-the-print-statement" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>By default, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt> catches text written to stdout/stderr during
|
||||
the execution of each individual test. This output will only be
|
||||
displayed however if the test fails; you will not see it
|
||||
otherwise. This allows you to put debugging print statements in your
|
||||
code without being overwhelmed by all the output that might be
|
||||
generated by tests that do not fail.</p>
|
||||
<p>Each failing test that produced output during the running of the test
|
||||
will have its output displayed in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">recorded</span> <span class="pre">stdout</span></tt> section.</p>
|
||||
<p>The catching of stdout/stderr output can be disabled using the
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--nocapture</span></tt> option to the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt> tool. Any output will
|
||||
in this case be displayed as soon as it is generated.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="test-execution-order">
|
||||
<h3>1.2.4.4. test execution order<a class="headerlink" href="#test-execution-order" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Tests usually run in the order in which they appear in the files.
|
||||
However, tests should not rely on running one after another, as
|
||||
this prevents more advanced usages: running tests
|
||||
distributedly or selectively, or in “looponfailing” mode,
|
||||
will cause them to run in random order.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="assert-with-the-assert-statement">
|
||||
<h3>1.2.4.5. assert with the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">assert</span></tt> statement<a class="headerlink" href="#assert-with-the-assert-statement" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt> allows to use the standard python
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">assert</span> <span class="pre">statement</span></tt> for verifying expectations
|
||||
and values in Python tests. For example, you can
|
||||
write the following in your tests:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">hasattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'attribute'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>to state that your object has a certain <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">attribute</span></tt>. In case this
|
||||
assertion fails you will see the value of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">x</span></tt>. Intermediate
|
||||
values are computed by executing the assert expression a second time.
|
||||
If you execute code with side effects, e.g. read from a file like this:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="s">'...'</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>then you may get a warning from pytest if that assertions
|
||||
first failed and then succeeded.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="asserting-expected-exceptions">
|
||||
<h3>1.2.4.6. asserting expected exceptions<a class="headerlink" href="#asserting-expected-exceptions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>In order to write assertions about exceptions, you use
|
||||
one of two forms:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">raises</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ne">Exception</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">func</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">raises</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ne">Exception</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"func(*args, **kwargs)"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>both of which execute the given function with args and kwargs and
|
||||
asserts that the given <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Exception</span></tt> is raised. The reporter will
|
||||
provide you with helpful output in case of failures such as <em>no
|
||||
exception</em> or <em>wrong exception</em>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="useful-tracebacks-recursion-detection">
|
||||
<h3>1.2.4.7. useful tracebacks, recursion detection<a class="headerlink" href="#useful-tracebacks-recursion-detection" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>A lot of care is taken to present nice tracebacks in case of test
|
||||
failure. Try:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>py.test py/doc/example/pytest/failure_demo.py</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>to see a variety of tracebacks, each representing a different
|
||||
failure situation.</p>
|
||||
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt> uses the same order for presenting tracebacks as Python
|
||||
itself: the oldest function call is shown first, and the most recent call is
|
||||
shown last. A <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt> reported traceback starts with your
|
||||
failing test function. If the maximum recursion depth has been
|
||||
exceeded during the running of a test, for instance because of
|
||||
infinite recursion, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt> will indicate where in the
|
||||
code the recursion was taking place. You can inhibit
|
||||
traceback “cutting” magic by supplying <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--fulltrace</span></tt>.</p>
|
||||
<p>There is also the possibility of using <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--tb=short</span></tt> to get regular CPython
|
||||
tracebacks. Or you can use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--tb=no</span></tt> to not show any tracebacks at all.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="no-inheritance-requirement">
|
||||
<h3>1.2.4.8. no inheritance requirement<a class="headerlink" href="#no-inheritance-requirement" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Test classes are recognized by their leading <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Test</span></tt> name. Unlike
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unitest.py</span></tt>, you don’t need to inherit from some base class to make
|
||||
them be found by the test runner. Besides being easier, it also allows
|
||||
you to write test classes that subclass from application level
|
||||
classes.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="testing-for-deprecated-apis">
|
||||
<h3>1.2.4.9. testing for deprecated APIs<a class="headerlink" href="#testing-for-deprecated-apis" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>In your tests you can use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test.deprecated_call(func,</span> <span class="pre">*args,</span> <span class="pre">**kwargs)</span></tt>
|
||||
to test that a particular function call triggers a DeprecationWarning.
|
||||
This is useful for testing phasing out of old APIs in your projects.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="advanced-test-selection-skipping">
|
||||
<h2>1.2.5. advanced test selection / skipping<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-test-selection-skipping" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="dynamically-skipping-tests">
|
||||
<h3>1.2.5.1. dynamically skipping tests<a class="headerlink" href="#dynamically-skipping-tests" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>If you want to skip tests you can use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test.skip</span></tt> within
|
||||
test or setup functions. Example:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">skip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"message"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>You can also use a helper to skip on a failing import:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">docutils</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">importorskip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"docutils"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>or to skip if a library does not have the right version:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">docutils</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">importorskip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"docutils"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">minversion</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"0.3"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>The version will be read from the module’s <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__version__</span></tt> attribute.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="selecting-unselecting-tests-by-keyword">
|
||||
<span id="selection-by-keyword"></span><h3>1.2.5.2. selecting/unselecting tests by keyword<a class="headerlink" href="#selecting-unselecting-tests-by-keyword" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Pytest’s keyword mechanism provides a powerful way to
|
||||
group and selectively run tests in your test code base.
|
||||
You can selectively run tests by specifiying a keyword
|
||||
on the command line. Examples:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>py.test -k test_simple
|
||||
py.test -k "-test_simple"</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>will run all tests matching (or not matching) the
|
||||
“test_simple” keyword. Note that you need to quote
|
||||
the keyword if “-” is recognized as an indicator
|
||||
for a commandline option. Lastly, you may use:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>py.test. -k "test_simple:"</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>which will run all tests after the expression has <em>matched once</em>, i.e.
|
||||
all tests that are seen after a test that matches the “test_simple”
|
||||
keyword.</p>
|
||||
<p>By default, all filename parts and
|
||||
class/function names of a test function are put into the set
|
||||
of keywords for a given test. You may specify additional
|
||||
kewords like this:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nd">@py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mark</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">webtest</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_send_http</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
||||
<span class="o">...</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="disabling-a-test-class">
|
||||
<h3>1.2.5.3. disabling a test class<a class="headerlink" href="#disabling-a-test-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>If you want to disable a complete test class you
|
||||
can set the class-level attribute <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">disabled</span></tt>.
|
||||
For example, in order to avoid running some tests on Win32:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">TestPosixOnly</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||||
<span class="n">disabled</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">platform</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">'win32'</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_xxx</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<span class="o">...</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="generative-tests-yielding-parametrized-tests">
|
||||
<h2>1.2.6. generative tests: yielding parametrized tests<a class="headerlink" href="#generative-tests-yielding-parametrized-tests" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p><em>Generative tests</em> are test methods that are <em>generator functions</em> which
|
||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">yield</span></tt> callables and their arguments. This is most useful for running a
|
||||
test function multiple times against different parameters. Example:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_generative</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">42</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">17</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">49</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">check</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">arg</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mf">7</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mf">0</span> <span class="c"># second generated tests fails!</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>Note that <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test_generative()</span></tt> will cause three tests
|
||||
to get run, notably <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">check(42)</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">check(17)</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">check(49)</span></tt>
|
||||
of which the middle one will obviously fail.</p>
|
||||
<p>To make it easier to distinguish the generated tests it is possible to specify an explicit name for them, like for example:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_generative</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">42</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">17</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">49</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="s">"case </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">check</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="extensible-plugin-system">
|
||||
<h2>1.2.7. extensible plugin system<a class="headerlink" href="#extensible-plugin-system" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>py.test itself consists of many plugins
|
||||
and you can easily write new <a class="reference external" href="test-plugins.html">py.test plugins</a>
|
||||
for these purposes:</p>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li>reporting extensions</li>
|
||||
<li>customizing collection and run of tests</li>
|
||||
<li>running non-python tests</li>
|
||||
<li>managing test state setup</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sphinxsidebar">
|
||||
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
|
||||
<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="">1.2. Features</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#automatically-collects-and-executes-tests">1.2.1. automatically collects and executes tests</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#load-balance-tests-to-multiple-cpus">1.2.2. load-balance tests to multiple CPUs</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#distribute-tests-across-machines">1.2.3. Distribute tests across machines</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#extensive-debugging-support">1.2.4. extensive debugging support</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#testing-starts-immediately">1.2.4.1. testing starts immediately</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#support-for-modules-containing-tests">1.2.4.2. support for modules containing tests</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#debug-with-the-print-statement">1.2.4.3. debug with the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">print</span></tt> statement</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#test-execution-order">1.2.4.4. test execution order</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#assert-with-the-assert-statement">1.2.4.5. assert with the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">assert</span></tt> statement</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#asserting-expected-exceptions">1.2.4.6. asserting expected exceptions</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#useful-tracebacks-recursion-detection">1.2.4.7. useful tracebacks, recursion detection</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#no-inheritance-requirement">1.2.4.8. no inheritance requirement</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#testing-for-deprecated-apis">1.2.4.9. testing for deprecated APIs</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#advanced-test-selection-skipping">1.2.5. advanced test selection / skipping</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#dynamically-skipping-tests">1.2.5.1. dynamically skipping tests</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#selecting-unselecting-tests-by-keyword">1.2.5.2. selecting/unselecting tests by keyword</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#disabling-a-test-class">1.2.5.3. disabling a test class</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#generative-tests-yielding-parametrized-tests">1.2.6. generative tests: yielding parametrized tests</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#extensible-plugin-system">1.2.7. extensible plugin system</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
|
||||
<p class="topless"><a href="test-quickstart.html"
|
||||
title="previous chapter">1.1. Quickstart</a></p>
|
||||
<h4>Next topic</h4>
|
||||
<p class="topless"><a href="test-plugins.html"
|
||||
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|
||||
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<div class="section" id="included-plugins">
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||||
<h1>1.3. Included plugins<a class="headerlink" href="#included-plugins" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||||
<p>Many of py.test’s features are implemented as a plugin.</p>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="id1">
|
||||
<h2>1.3.1. Included plugins<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>You can find the source code of all default plugins in
|
||||
<a class="reference external" href="http://codespeak.net/svn/py/trunk/py/test/plugin/">http://codespeak.net/svn/py/trunk/py/test/plugin/</a></p>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="plugins-that-add-reporting-asepcts">
|
||||
<h3>1.3.1.1. plugins that add reporting asepcts<a class="headerlink" href="#plugins-that-add-reporting-asepcts" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>pytest_terminal: default reporter for writing info to terminals</p>
|
||||
<p>pytest_resultlog: log test results in machine-readable form to a file</p>
|
||||
<p>pytest_eventlog: log all internal pytest events to a file</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="plugins-for-adding-new-test-types">
|
||||
<h3>1.3.1.2. plugins for adding new test types<a class="headerlink" href="#plugins-for-adding-new-test-types" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>pytest_unittest: run traditional unittest TestCase instances</p>
|
||||
<p>pytest_doctest: run doctests in python modules or .txt files</p>
|
||||
<p>pytest_restdoc: provide RestructuredText syntax and link checking</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="plugins-for-python-test-functions">
|
||||
<h3>1.3.1.3. plugins for python test functions<a class="headerlink" href="#plugins-for-python-test-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>pytest_xfail: provides “expected to fail” test marker</p>
|
||||
<p>pytest_tmpdir: provide temporary directories to test functions</p>
|
||||
<p>pytest_plugintester: generic plugin apichecks, support for functional plugin tests</p>
|
||||
<p>pytest_apigen: tracing values of function/method calls when running tests</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="loading-plugins-and-specifying-dependencies">
|
||||
<h2>1.3.2. Loading plugins and specifying dependencies<a class="headerlink" href="#loading-plugins-and-specifying-dependencies" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>py.test loads and configures plugins at tool startup:</p>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li>by reading the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYTEST_PLUGINS</span></tt> environment variable
|
||||
and importing the comma-separated list of plugin names.</li>
|
||||
<li>by loading all plugins specified via one or more <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-p</span> <span class="pre">name</span></tt>
|
||||
command line options.</li>
|
||||
<li>by loading all plugins specified via a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pytest_plugins</span></tt>
|
||||
variable in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">conftest.py</span></tt> files or test modules.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="example-ensure-a-plugin-is-loaded">
|
||||
<h3>1.3.2.1. example: ensure a plugin is loaded<a class="headerlink" href="#example-ensure-a-plugin-is-loaded" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>If you create a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">conftest.py</span></tt> file with the following content:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">pytest_plugins</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"pytest_myextension"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>then all tests in that directory and below it will run with
|
||||
an instantiated “pytest_myextension”. Here is how instantiation
|
||||
takes place:</p>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li>the module <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pytest_extension</span></tt> will be imported and
|
||||
and its contained <cite>ExtensionPlugin`</cite> class will
|
||||
be instantiated. A plugin module may specify its
|
||||
dependencies via another <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pytest_plugins</span></tt> definition.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
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||||
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<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="">1.3. Included plugins</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#id1">1.3.1. Included plugins</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#plugins-that-add-reporting-asepcts">1.3.1.1. plugins that add reporting asepcts</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#plugins-for-adding-new-test-types">1.3.1.2. plugins for adding new test types</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#plugins-for-python-test-functions">1.3.1.3. plugins for python test functions</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#loading-plugins-and-specifying-dependencies">1.3.2. Loading plugins and specifying dependencies</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference external" href="#example-ensure-a-plugin-is-loaded">1.3.2.1. example: ensure a plugin is loaded</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
|
||||
<p class="topless"><a href="test-features.html"
|
||||
title="previous chapter">1.2. Features</a></p>
|
||||
<h4>Next topic</h4>
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||||
<p class="topless"><a href="test-ext.html"
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<p>This document assumes basic python knowledge. If you have a
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<a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools">setuptools installation</a>, install <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt> by typing:</p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt> is the command line tool to run tests.
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|
||||
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<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c"># content of test_sample.py</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_answer</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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|
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<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span>
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|
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<p>Please refer to <a class="reference external" href="test-features.html">features</a> for a walk through the basic features.</p>
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<h1>1. py.test<a class="headerlink" href="#py-test" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
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<p><em>py.test</em> is a tool for:</p>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li>rapidly writing unit- and functional tests in Python</li>
|
||||
<li>writing tests for non-python code and data</li>
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<p><a class="reference external" href="test-quickstart.html">quickstart</a>: for getting started immediately.</p>
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<p><a class="reference external" href="test-ext.html">extend</a>: writing plugins and advanced configuration.</p>
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<p><a class="reference external" href="test-dist.html">distributed testing</a> how to distribute test runs to other machines and platforms.</p>
|
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<p>Contents:</p>
|
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|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-quickstart.html#writing-and-running-a-test">1.1.1. Writing and running a test</a></li>
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|
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|
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|
||||
</ul>
|
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|
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="test-ext.html">1.4. Writing plugins</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-ext.html#learning-by-examples">1.4.1. Learning by examples</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-ext.html#setting-default-values-for-test-options">1.4.2. Setting default values for test options</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-ext.html#plugin-methods">1.4.3. Plugin methods</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-ext.html#pytest-events">1.4.4. Pytest Events</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
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|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="test-dist.html">1.5. Distributed testing</a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-dist.html#speed-up-test-runs-by-sending-tests-to-multiple-cpus">1.5.1. Speed up test runs by sending tests to multiple CPUs</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-dist.html#running-tests-in-a-python-subprocess">1.5.2. Running tests in a Python subprocess</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-dist.html#sending-tests-to-remote-ssh-accounts">1.5.3. Sending tests to remote SSH accounts</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-dist.html#sending-tests-to-remote-socket-servers">1.5.4. Sending tests to remote Socket Servers</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-dist.html#running-tests-on-many-platforms-at-once">1.5.5. Running tests on many platforms at once</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-dist.html#specifying-test-exec-environments-in-a-conftest-py">1.5.6. Specifying test exec environments in a conftest.py</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-dist.html#specifying-rsync-dirs-in-a-conftest-py">1.5.7. Specifying “rsync” dirs in a conftest.py</a></li>
|
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|
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|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="test-config.html">1.6. Test configuration</a><ul>
|
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|
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|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="test-examples.html#managing-state-at-module-class-and-method-level">1.7.1. managing state at module, class and method level</a></li>
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="impl-test.html">1.8. Implementation and Customization of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt></a><ul>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="impl-test.html#collecting-and-running-tests-implementation-remarks">1.8.1. Collecting and running tests / implementation remarks</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="impl-test.html#customizing-the-testing-process">1.8.2. Customizing the testing process</a></li>
|
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|
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||||
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