328 lines
9.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
328 lines
9.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
Changing standard (Python) test discovery
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===============================================
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Ignore paths during test collection
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-----------------------------------
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You can easily ignore certain test directories and modules during collection
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by passing the ``--ignore=path`` option on the cli. ``pytest`` allows multiple
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``--ignore`` options. Example:
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.. code-block:: text
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tests/
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|-- example
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| |-- test_example_01.py
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| |-- test_example_02.py
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| '-- test_example_03.py
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|-- foobar
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| |-- test_foobar_01.py
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| |-- test_foobar_02.py
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| '-- test_foobar_03.py
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'-- hello
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'-- world
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|-- test_world_01.py
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|-- test_world_02.py
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'-- test_world_03.py
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Now if you invoke ``pytest`` with ``--ignore=tests/foobar/test_foobar_03.py --ignore=tests/hello/``,
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you will see that ``pytest`` only collects test-modules, which do not match the patterns specified:
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.. code-block:: pytest
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=========================== test session starts ============================
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platform linux -- Python 3.x.y, pytest-5.x.y, py-1.x.y, pluggy-0.x.y
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rootdir: $REGENDOC_TMPDIR, inifile:
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collected 5 items
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tests/example/test_example_01.py . [ 20%]
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tests/example/test_example_02.py . [ 40%]
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tests/example/test_example_03.py . [ 60%]
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tests/foobar/test_foobar_01.py . [ 80%]
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tests/foobar/test_foobar_02.py . [100%]
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========================= 5 passed in 0.02 seconds =========================
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The ``--ignore-glob`` option allows to ignore test file paths based on Unix shell-style wildcards.
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If you want to exclude test-modules that end with ``_01.py``, execute ``pytest`` with ``--ignore-glob='*_01.py'``.
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Deselect tests during test collection
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-------------------------------------
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Tests can individually be deselected during collection by passing the ``--deselect=item`` option.
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For example, say ``tests/foobar/test_foobar_01.py`` contains ``test_a`` and ``test_b``.
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You can run all of the tests within ``tests/`` *except* for ``tests/foobar/test_foobar_01.py::test_a``
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by invoking ``pytest`` with ``--deselect tests/foobar/test_foobar_01.py::test_a``.
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``pytest`` allows multiple ``--deselect`` options.
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Keeping duplicate paths specified from command line
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----------------------------------------------------
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Default behavior of ``pytest`` is to ignore duplicate paths specified from the command line.
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Example:
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.. code-block:: pytest
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pytest path_a path_a
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...
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collected 1 item
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...
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Just collect tests once.
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To collect duplicate tests, use the ``--keep-duplicates`` option on the cli.
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Example:
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.. code-block:: pytest
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pytest --keep-duplicates path_a path_a
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...
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collected 2 items
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...
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As the collector just works on directories, if you specify twice a single test file, ``pytest`` will
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still collect it twice, no matter if the ``--keep-duplicates`` is not specified.
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Example:
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.. code-block:: pytest
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pytest test_a.py test_a.py
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...
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collected 2 items
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...
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Changing directory recursion
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-----------------------------------------------------
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You can set the :confval:`norecursedirs` option in an ini-file, for example your ``pytest.ini`` in the project root directory:
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.. code-block:: ini
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# content of pytest.ini
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[pytest]
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norecursedirs = .svn _build tmp*
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This would tell ``pytest`` to not recurse into typical subversion or sphinx-build directories or into any ``tmp`` prefixed directory.
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.. _`change naming conventions`:
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Changing naming conventions
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-----------------------------------------------------
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You can configure different naming conventions by setting
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the :confval:`python_files`, :confval:`python_classes` and
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:confval:`python_functions` in your :ref:`configuration file <config file formats>`.
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Here is an example:
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.. code-block:: ini
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# content of pytest.ini
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# Example 1: have pytest look for "check" instead of "test"
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[pytest]
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python_files = check_*.py
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python_classes = Check
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python_functions = *_check
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This would make ``pytest`` look for tests in files that match the ``check_*
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.py`` glob-pattern, ``Check`` prefixes in classes, and functions and methods
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that match ``*_check``. For example, if we have:
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.. code-block:: python
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# content of check_myapp.py
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class CheckMyApp:
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def simple_check(self):
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pass
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def complex_check(self):
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pass
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The test collection would look like this:
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.. code-block:: pytest
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$ pytest --collect-only
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=========================== test session starts ============================
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platform linux -- Python 3.x.y, pytest-8.x.y, pluggy-1.x.y
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rootdir: /home/sweet/project
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configfile: pytest.ini
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collected 2 items
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<Dir pythoncollection.rst-199>
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<Module check_myapp.py>
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<Class CheckMyApp>
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<Function simple_check>
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<Function complex_check>
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======================== 2 tests collected in 0.12s ========================
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You can check for multiple glob patterns by adding a space between the patterns:
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.. code-block:: ini
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# Example 2: have pytest look for files with "test" and "example"
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# content of pytest.ini
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[pytest]
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python_files = test_*.py example_*.py
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.. note::
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the ``python_functions`` and ``python_classes`` options has no effect
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for ``unittest.TestCase`` test discovery because pytest delegates
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discovery of test case methods to unittest code.
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Interpreting cmdline arguments as Python packages
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-----------------------------------------------------
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You can use the ``--pyargs`` option to make ``pytest`` try
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interpreting arguments as python package names, deriving
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their file system path and then running the test. For
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example if you have unittest2 installed you can type:
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.. code-block:: bash
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pytest --pyargs unittest2.test.test_skipping -q
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which would run the respective test module. Like with
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other options, through an ini-file and the :confval:`addopts` option you
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can make this change more permanently:
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.. code-block:: ini
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# content of pytest.ini
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[pytest]
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addopts = --pyargs
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Now a simple invocation of ``pytest NAME`` will check
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if NAME exists as an importable package/module and otherwise
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treat it as a filesystem path.
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Finding out what is collected
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-----------------------------------------------
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You can always peek at the collection tree without running tests like this:
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.. code-block:: pytest
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. $ pytest --collect-only pythoncollection.py
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=========================== test session starts ============================
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platform linux -- Python 3.x.y, pytest-8.x.y, pluggy-1.x.y
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rootdir: /home/sweet/project
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configfile: pytest.ini
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collected 3 items
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<Dir pythoncollection.rst-199>
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<Dir CWD>
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<Module pythoncollection.py>
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<Function test_function>
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<Class TestClass>
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<Function test_method>
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<Function test_anothermethod>
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======================== 3 tests collected in 0.12s ========================
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.. _customizing-test-collection:
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Customizing test collection
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---------------------------
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.. regendoc:wipe
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You can easily instruct ``pytest`` to discover tests from every Python file:
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.. code-block:: ini
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# content of pytest.ini
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[pytest]
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python_files = *.py
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However, many projects will have a ``setup.py`` which they don't want to be
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imported. Moreover, there may files only importable by a specific python
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version. For such cases you can dynamically define files to be ignored by
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listing them in a ``conftest.py`` file:
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.. code-block:: python
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# content of conftest.py
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import sys
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collect_ignore = ["setup.py"]
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if sys.version_info[0] > 2:
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collect_ignore.append("pkg/module_py2.py")
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and then if you have a module file like this:
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.. code-block:: python
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# content of pkg/module_py2.py
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def test_only_on_python2():
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try:
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assert 0
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except Exception, e:
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pass
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and a ``setup.py`` dummy file like this:
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.. code-block:: python
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# content of setup.py
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0 / 0 # will raise exception if imported
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If you run with a Python 2 interpreter then you will find the one test and will
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leave out the ``setup.py`` file:
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.. code-block:: pytest
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#$ pytest --collect-only
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====== test session starts ======
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platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.10, pytest-2.9.1, py-1.4.31, pluggy-0.3.1
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rootdir: $REGENDOC_TMPDIR, inifile: pytest.ini
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collected 1 items
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<Module 'pkg/module_py2.py'>
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<Function 'test_only_on_python2'>
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====== 1 tests found in 0.04 seconds ======
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If you run with a Python 3 interpreter both the one test and the ``setup.py``
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file will be left out:
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.. code-block:: pytest
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$ pytest --collect-only
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=========================== test session starts ============================
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platform linux -- Python 3.x.y, pytest-8.x.y, pluggy-1.x.y
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rootdir: /home/sweet/project
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configfile: pytest.ini
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collected 0 items
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======================= no tests collected in 0.12s ========================
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It's also possible to ignore files based on Unix shell-style wildcards by adding
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patterns to :globalvar:`collect_ignore_glob`.
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The following example ``conftest.py`` ignores the file ``setup.py`` and in
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addition all files that end with ``*_py2.py`` when executed with a Python 3
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interpreter:
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.. code-block:: python
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# content of conftest.py
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import sys
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collect_ignore = ["setup.py"]
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if sys.version_info[0] > 2:
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collect_ignore_glob = ["*_py2.py"]
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Since Pytest 2.6, users can prevent pytest from discovering classes that start
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with ``Test`` by setting a boolean ``__test__`` attribute to ``False``.
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.. code-block:: python
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# Will not be discovered as a test
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class TestClass:
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__test__ = False
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