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.. _`reference`:
API Reference
=============
This page contains the full reference to pytest's API.
.. contents::
:depth: 3
:local:
Functions
---------
pytest.approx
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autofunction:: pytest.approx
pytest.fail
~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :ref:`skipping`
.. autofunction:: pytest.fail
pytest.skip
~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autofunction:: pytest.skip(msg, [allow_module_level=False])
.. _`pytest.importorskip ref`:
pytest.importorskip
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autofunction:: pytest.importorskip
pytest.xfail
~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autofunction:: pytest.xfail
pytest.exit
~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autofunction:: pytest.exit
pytest.main
~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autofunction:: pytest.main
pytest.param
~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autofunction:: pytest.param(*values, [id], [marks])
pytest.raises
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :ref:`assertraises`.
.. autofunction:: pytest.raises(expected_exception: Exception [, *, match])
:with: excinfo
pytest.deprecated_call
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :ref:`ensuring_function_triggers`.
.. autofunction:: pytest.deprecated_call()
:with:
pytest.register_assert_rewrite
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :ref:`assertion-rewriting`.
.. autofunction:: pytest.register_assert_rewrite
pytest.warns
~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :ref:`assertwarnings`
.. autofunction:: pytest.warns(expected_warning: Exception, [match])
:with:
pytest.freeze_includes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :ref:`freezing-pytest`.
.. autofunction:: pytest.freeze_includes
.. _`marks ref`:
Marks
-----
Marks can be used apply meta data to *test functions* (but not fixtures), which can then be accessed by
fixtures or plugins.
.. _`pytest.mark.filterwarnings ref`:
pytest.mark.filterwarnings
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :ref:`filterwarnings`.
Add warning filters to marked test items.
.. py:function:: pytest.mark.filterwarnings(filter)
:keyword str filter:
A *warning specification string*, which is composed of contents of the tuple ``(action, message, category, module, lineno)``
as specified in `The Warnings filter <https://docs.python.org/3/library/warnings.html#warning-filter>`_ section of
the Python documentation, separated by ``":"``. Optional fields can be omitted.
Module names passed for filtering are not regex-escaped.
For example:
.. code-block:: python
@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore:.*usage will be deprecated.*:DeprecationWarning")
def test_foo():
...
.. _`pytest.mark.parametrize ref`:
pytest.mark.parametrize
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :doc:`parametrize`.
This mark has the same signature as :py:meth:`_pytest.python.Metafunc.parametrize`; see there.
.. _`pytest.mark.skip ref`:
pytest.mark.skip
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :ref:`skip`.
Unconditionally skip a test function.
.. py:function:: pytest.mark.skip(*, reason=None)
:keyword str reason: Reason why the test function is being skipped.
.. _`pytest.mark.skipif ref`:
pytest.mark.skipif
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :ref:`skipif`.
Skip a test function if a condition is ``True``.
.. py:function:: pytest.mark.skipif(condition, *, reason=None)
:type condition: bool or str
:param condition: ``True/False`` if the condition should be skipped or a :ref:`condition string <string conditions>`.
:keyword str reason: Reason why the test function is being skipped.
.. _`pytest.mark.usefixtures ref`:
pytest.mark.usefixtures
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :ref:`usefixtures`.
Mark a test function as using the given fixture names.
.. py:function:: pytest.mark.usefixtures(*names)
:param args: The names of the fixture to use, as strings.
.. note::
When using `usefixtures` in hooks, it can only load fixtures when applied to a test function before test setup
(for example in the `pytest_collection_modifyitems` hook).
Also not that his mark has no effect when applied to **fixtures**.
.. _`pytest.mark.xfail ref`:
pytest.mark.xfail
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :ref:`xfail`.
Marks a test function as *expected to fail*.
.. py:function:: pytest.mark.xfail(condition=None, *, reason=None, raises=None, run=True, strict=False)
:type condition: bool or str
:param condition:
Condition for marking the test function as xfail (``True/False`` or a
:ref:`condition string <string conditions>`). If a bool, you also have
to specify ``reason`` (see :ref:`condition string <string conditions>`).
:keyword str reason:
Reason why the test function is marked as xfail.
:keyword Type[Exception] raises:
Exception subclass expected to be raised by the test function; other exceptions will fail the test.
:keyword bool run:
If the test function should actually be executed. If ``False``, the function will always xfail and will
not be executed (useful if a function is segfaulting).
:keyword bool strict:
* If ``False`` (the default) the function will be shown in the terminal output as ``xfailed`` if it fails
and as ``xpass`` if it passes. In both cases this will not cause the test suite to fail as a whole. This
is particularly useful to mark *flaky* tests (tests that fail at random) to be tackled later.
* If ``True``, the function will be shown in the terminal output as ``xfailed`` if it fails, but if it
unexpectedly passes then it will **fail** the test suite. This is particularly useful to mark functions
that are always failing and there should be a clear indication if they unexpectedly start to pass (for example
a new release of a library fixes a known bug).
Custom marks
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Marks are created dynamically using the factory object ``pytest.mark`` and applied as a decorator.
For example:
.. code-block:: python
@pytest.mark.timeout(10, "slow", method="thread")
def test_function():
...
Will create and attach a :class:`Mark <_pytest.mark.structures.Mark>` object to the collected
:class:`Item <pytest.Item>`, which can then be accessed by fixtures or hooks with
:meth:`Node.iter_markers <_pytest.nodes.Node.iter_markers>`. The ``mark`` object will have the following attributes:
.. code-block:: python
mark.args == (10, "slow")
mark.kwargs == {"method": "thread"}
.. _`fixtures-api`:
Fixtures
--------
**Tutorial**: :ref:`fixture`.
Fixtures are requested by test functions or other fixtures by declaring them as argument names.
Example of a test requiring a fixture:
.. code-block:: python
def test_output(capsys):
print("hello")
out, err = capsys.readouterr()
assert out == "hello\n"
Example of a fixture requiring another fixture:
.. code-block:: python
@pytest.fixture
def db_session(tmpdir):
fn = tmpdir / "db.file"
return connect(str(fn))
For more details, consult the full :ref:`fixtures docs <fixture>`.
.. _`pytest.fixture-api`:
@pytest.fixture
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autofunction:: pytest.fixture
:decorator:
.. fixture:: cache
config.cache
~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :ref:`cache`.
The ``config.cache`` object allows other plugins and fixtures
to store and retrieve values across test runs. To access it from fixtures
request ``pytestconfig`` into your fixture and get it with ``pytestconfig.cache``.
Under the hood, the cache plugin uses the simple
``dumps``/``loads`` API of the :py:mod:`json` stdlib module.
.. currentmodule:: _pytest.cacheprovider
.. automethod:: Cache.get
.. automethod:: Cache.set
.. automethod:: Cache.makedir
.. fixture:: capsys
capsys
~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :doc:`capture`.
.. currentmodule:: _pytest.capture
.. autofunction:: capsys()
:no-auto-options:
Returns an instance of :py:class:`CaptureFixture`.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
def test_output(capsys):
print("hello")
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert captured.out == "hello\n"
.. autoclass:: CaptureFixture()
:members:
.. fixture:: capsysbinary
capsysbinary
~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :doc:`capture`.
.. autofunction:: capsysbinary()
:no-auto-options:
Returns an instance of :py:class:`CaptureFixture`.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
def test_output(capsysbinary):
print("hello")
captured = capsysbinary.readouterr()
assert captured.out == b"hello\n"
.. fixture:: capfd
capfd
~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :doc:`capture`.
.. autofunction:: capfd()
:no-auto-options:
Returns an instance of :py:class:`CaptureFixture`.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
def test_system_echo(capfd):
os.system('echo "hello"')
captured = capfd.readouterr()
assert captured.out == "hello\n"
.. fixture:: capfdbinary
capfdbinary
~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :doc:`capture`.
.. autofunction:: capfdbinary()
:no-auto-options:
Returns an instance of :py:class:`CaptureFixture`.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
def test_system_echo(capfdbinary):
os.system('echo "hello"')
captured = capfdbinary.readouterr()
assert captured.out == b"hello\n"
.. fixture:: doctest_namespace
doctest_namespace
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :doc:`doctest`.
.. autofunction:: _pytest.doctest.doctest_namespace()
Usually this fixture is used in conjunction with another ``autouse`` fixture:
.. code-block:: python
@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
def add_np(doctest_namespace):
doctest_namespace["np"] = numpy
For more details: :ref:`doctest_namespace`.
.. fixture:: request
request
~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :ref:`request example`.
The ``request`` fixture is a special fixture providing information of the requesting test function.
.. autoclass:: _pytest.fixtures.FixtureRequest()
:members:
.. fixture:: pytestconfig
pytestconfig
~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autofunction:: _pytest.fixtures.pytestconfig()
.. fixture:: record_property
record_property
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :ref:`record_property example`.
.. autofunction:: _pytest.junitxml.record_property()
.. fixture:: record_testsuite_property
record_testsuite_property
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :ref:`record_testsuite_property example`.
.. autofunction:: _pytest.junitxml.record_testsuite_property()
.. fixture:: caplog
caplog
~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :doc:`logging`.
.. autofunction:: _pytest.logging.caplog()
:no-auto-options:
Returns a :class:`_pytest.logging.LogCaptureFixture` instance.
.. autoclass:: _pytest.logging.LogCaptureFixture
:members:
.. fixture:: monkeypatch
monkeypatch
~~~~~~~~~~~
.. currentmodule:: _pytest.monkeypatch
**Tutorial**: :doc:`monkeypatch`.
.. autofunction:: _pytest.monkeypatch.monkeypatch()
:no-auto-options:
Returns a :class:`MonkeyPatch` instance.
.. autoclass:: _pytest.monkeypatch.MonkeyPatch
:members:
.. fixture:: testdir
testdir
~~~~~~~
.. currentmodule:: _pytest.pytester
This fixture provides a :class:`Testdir` instance useful for black-box testing of test files, making it ideal to
test plugins.
To use it, include in your top-most ``conftest.py`` file:
.. code-block:: python
pytest_plugins = "pytester"
.. autoclass:: Testdir()
:members:
.. autoclass:: RunResult()
:members:
.. autoclass:: LineMatcher()
:members:
.. fixture:: recwarn
recwarn
~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :ref:`assertwarnings`
.. currentmodule:: _pytest.recwarn
.. autofunction:: recwarn()
:no-auto-options:
.. autoclass:: WarningsRecorder()
:members:
Each recorded warning is an instance of :class:`warnings.WarningMessage`.
.. note::
``DeprecationWarning`` and ``PendingDeprecationWarning`` are treated
differently; see :ref:`ensuring_function_triggers`.
.. fixture:: tmp_path
tmp_path
~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :doc:`tmpdir`
.. currentmodule:: _pytest.tmpdir
.. autofunction:: tmp_path()
:no-auto-options:
.. fixture:: tmp_path_factory
tmp_path_factory
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :ref:`tmp_path_factory example`
.. _`tmp_path_factory factory api`:
``tmp_path_factory`` instances have the following methods:
.. currentmodule:: _pytest.tmpdir
.. automethod:: TempPathFactory.mktemp
.. automethod:: TempPathFactory.getbasetemp
.. fixture:: tmpdir
tmpdir
~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :doc:`tmpdir`
.. currentmodule:: _pytest.tmpdir
.. autofunction:: tmpdir()
:no-auto-options:
.. fixture:: tmpdir_factory
tmpdir_factory
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Tutorial**: :ref:`tmpdir factory example`
.. _`tmpdir factory api`:
``tmpdir_factory`` instances have the following methods:
.. currentmodule:: _pytest.tmpdir
.. automethod:: TempdirFactory.mktemp
.. automethod:: TempdirFactory.getbasetemp
.. _`hook-reference`:
Hooks
-----
**Tutorial**: :doc:`writing_plugins`.
.. currentmodule:: _pytest.hookspec
Reference to all hooks which can be implemented by :ref:`conftest.py files <localplugin>` and :ref:`plugins <plugins>`.
Bootstrapping hooks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Bootstrapping hooks called for plugins registered early enough (internal and setuptools plugins).
.. autofunction:: pytest_load_initial_conftests
.. autofunction:: pytest_cmdline_preparse
.. autofunction:: pytest_cmdline_parse
.. autofunction:: pytest_cmdline_main
.. _`initialization-hooks`:
Initialization hooks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Initialization hooks called for plugins and ``conftest.py`` files.
.. autofunction:: pytest_addoption
.. autofunction:: pytest_addhooks
.. autofunction:: pytest_configure
.. autofunction:: pytest_unconfigure
.. autofunction:: pytest_sessionstart
.. autofunction:: pytest_sessionfinish
.. autofunction:: pytest_plugin_registered
Collection hooks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
``pytest`` calls the following hooks for collecting files and directories:
.. autofunction:: pytest_collection
.. autofunction:: pytest_ignore_collect
.. autofunction:: pytest_collect_file
.. autofunction:: pytest_pycollect_makemodule
For influencing the collection of objects in Python modules
you can use the following hook:
.. autofunction:: pytest_pycollect_makeitem
.. autofunction:: pytest_generate_tests
.. autofunction:: pytest_make_parametrize_id
After collection is complete, you can modify the order of
items, delete or otherwise amend the test items:
.. autofunction:: pytest_collection_modifyitems
.. autofunction:: pytest_collection_finish
Test running (runtest) hooks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
All runtest related hooks receive a :py:class:`pytest.Item <pytest.Item>` object.
.. autofunction:: pytest_runtestloop
.. autofunction:: pytest_runtest_protocol
.. autofunction:: pytest_runtest_logstart
.. autofunction:: pytest_runtest_logfinish
.. autofunction:: pytest_runtest_setup
.. autofunction:: pytest_runtest_call
.. autofunction:: pytest_runtest_teardown
.. autofunction:: pytest_runtest_makereport
For deeper understanding you may look at the default implementation of
these hooks in ``_pytest.runner`` and maybe also
in ``_pytest.pdb`` which interacts with ``_pytest.capture``
and its input/output capturing in order to immediately drop
into interactive debugging when a test failure occurs.
.. autofunction:: pytest_pyfunc_call
Reporting hooks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Session related reporting hooks:
.. autofunction:: pytest_collectstart
.. autofunction:: pytest_make_collect_report
.. autofunction:: pytest_itemcollected
.. autofunction:: pytest_collectreport
.. autofunction:: pytest_deselected
.. autofunction:: pytest_report_header
.. autofunction:: pytest_report_collectionfinish
.. autofunction:: pytest_report_teststatus
.. autofunction:: pytest_terminal_summary
.. autofunction:: pytest_fixture_setup
.. autofunction:: pytest_fixture_post_finalizer
.. autofunction:: pytest_warning_captured
.. autofunction:: pytest_warning_recorded
Central hook for reporting about test execution:
.. autofunction:: pytest_runtest_logreport
Assertion related hooks:
.. autofunction:: pytest_assertrepr_compare
.. autofunction:: pytest_assertion_pass
Debugging/Interaction hooks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
There are few hooks which can be used for special
reporting or interaction with exceptions:
.. autofunction:: pytest_internalerror
.. autofunction:: pytest_keyboard_interrupt
.. autofunction:: pytest_exception_interact
.. autofunction:: pytest_enter_pdb
Objects
-------
Full reference to objects accessible from :ref:`fixtures <fixture>` or :ref:`hooks <hook-reference>`.
CallInfo
~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: _pytest.runner.CallInfo()
:members:
Class
~~~~~
.. autoclass:: pytest.Class()
:members:
:show-inheritance:
Collector
~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: pytest.Collector()
:members:
:show-inheritance:
CollectReport
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: _pytest.reports.CollectReport()
:members:
:show-inheritance:
:inherited-members:
Config
~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: _pytest.config.Config()
:members:
ExceptionInfo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: _pytest._code.ExceptionInfo
:members:
ExitCode
~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: pytest.ExitCode
:members:
File
~~~~
.. autoclass:: pytest.File()
:members:
:show-inheritance:
FixtureDef
~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: _pytest.fixtures.FixtureDef()
:members:
:show-inheritance:
FSCollector
~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: _pytest.nodes.FSCollector()
:members:
:show-inheritance:
Function
~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: pytest.Function()
:members:
:show-inheritance:
Item
~~~~
.. autoclass:: pytest.Item()
:members:
:show-inheritance:
MarkDecorator
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: _pytest.mark.MarkDecorator
:members:
MarkGenerator
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: _pytest.mark.MarkGenerator
:members:
Mark
~~~~
.. autoclass:: _pytest.mark.structures.Mark
:members:
Metafunc
~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: _pytest.python.Metafunc
:members:
Module
~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: pytest.Module()
:members:
:show-inheritance:
Node
~~~~
.. autoclass:: _pytest.nodes.Node()
:members:
Parser
~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: _pytest.config.argparsing.Parser()
:members:
PytestPluginManager
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: _pytest.config.PytestPluginManager()
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
Session
~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: pytest.Session()
:members:
:show-inheritance:
TestReport
~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: _pytest.reports.TestReport()
:members:
:show-inheritance:
:inherited-members:
_Result
~~~~~~~
Result used within :ref:`hook wrappers <hookwrapper>`.
.. autoclass:: pluggy.callers._Result
.. automethod:: pluggy.callers._Result.get_result
.. automethod:: pluggy.callers._Result.force_result
Global Variables
----------------
pytest treats some global variables in a special manner when defined in a test module or
``conftest.py`` files.
.. globalvar:: collect_ignore
**Tutorial**: :ref:`customizing-test-collection`
Can be declared in *conftest.py files* to exclude test directories or modules.
Needs to be ``list[str]``.
.. code-block:: python
collect_ignore = ["setup.py"]
.. globalvar:: collect_ignore_glob
**Tutorial**: :ref:`customizing-test-collection`
Can be declared in *conftest.py files* to exclude test directories or modules
with Unix shell-style wildcards. Needs to be ``list[str]`` where ``str`` can
contain glob patterns.
.. code-block:: python
collect_ignore_glob = ["*_ignore.py"]
.. globalvar:: pytest_plugins
**Tutorial**: :ref:`available installable plugins`
Can be declared at the **global** level in *test modules* and *conftest.py files* to register additional plugins.
Can be either a ``str`` or ``Sequence[str]``.
.. code-block:: python
pytest_plugins = "myapp.testsupport.myplugin"
.. code-block:: python
pytest_plugins = ("myapp.testsupport.tools", "myapp.testsupport.regression")
.. globalvar:: pytestmark
**Tutorial**: :ref:`scoped-marking`
Can be declared at the **global** level in *test modules* to apply one or more :ref:`marks <marks ref>` to all
test functions and methods. Can be either a single mark or a list of marks (applied in left-to-right order).
.. code-block:: python
import pytest
pytestmark = pytest.mark.webtest
.. code-block:: python
import pytest
pytestmark = [pytest.mark.integration, pytest.mark.slow]
Environment Variables
---------------------
Environment variables that can be used to change pytest's behavior.
.. envvar:: PYTEST_ADDOPTS
This contains a command-line (parsed by the py:mod:`shlex` module) that will be **prepended** to the command line given
by the user, see :ref:`adding default options` for more information.
.. envvar:: PYTEST_CURRENT_TEST
This is not meant to be set by users, but is set by pytest internally with the name of the current test so other
processes can inspect it, see :ref:`pytest current test env` for more information.
.. envvar:: PYTEST_DEBUG
When set, pytest will print tracing and debug information.
.. envvar:: PYTEST_DISABLE_PLUGIN_AUTOLOAD
When set, disables plugin auto-loading through setuptools entrypoints. Only explicitly specified plugins will be
loaded.
.. envvar:: PYTEST_PLUGINS
Contains comma-separated list of modules that should be loaded as plugins:
.. code-block:: bash
export PYTEST_PLUGINS=mymodule.plugin,xdist
.. envvar:: PY_COLORS
When set to ``1``, pytest will use color in terminal output.
When set to ``0``, pytest will not use color.
``PY_COLORS`` takes precedence over ``NO_COLOR`` and ``FORCE_COLOR``.
.. envvar:: NO_COLOR
When set (regardless of value), pytest will not use color in terminal output.
``PY_COLORS`` takes precedence over ``NO_COLOR``, which takes precedence over ``FORCE_COLOR``.
See `no-color.org <https://no-color.org/>`__ for other libraries supporting this community standard.
.. envvar:: FORCE_COLOR
When set (regardless of value), pytest will use color in terminal output.
``PY_COLORS`` and ``NO_COLOR`` take precedence over ``FORCE_COLOR``.
Exceptions
----------
.. autoclass:: pytest.UsageError()
:show-inheritance:
.. _`warnings ref`:
Warnings
--------
Custom warnings generated in some situations such as improper usage or deprecated features.
.. autoclass:: pytest.PytestWarning
:show-inheritance:
.. autoclass:: pytest.PytestAssertRewriteWarning
:show-inheritance:
.. autoclass:: pytest.PytestCacheWarning
:show-inheritance:
.. autoclass:: pytest.PytestCollectionWarning
:show-inheritance:
.. autoclass:: pytest.PytestConfigWarning
:show-inheritance:
.. autoclass:: pytest.PytestDeprecationWarning
:show-inheritance:
.. autoclass:: pytest.PytestExperimentalApiWarning
:show-inheritance:
.. autoclass:: pytest.PytestUnhandledCoroutineWarning
:show-inheritance:
.. autoclass:: pytest.PytestUnknownMarkWarning
:show-inheritance:
Consult the :ref:`internal-warnings` section in the documentation for more information.
.. _`ini options ref`:
Configuration Options
---------------------
Here is a list of builtin configuration options that may be written in a ``pytest.ini``, ``pyproject.toml``, ``tox.ini`` or ``setup.cfg``
file, usually located at the root of your repository. To see each file format in details, see
:ref:`config file formats`.
.. warning::
Usage of ``setup.cfg`` is not recommended except for very simple use cases. ``.cfg``
files use a different parser than ``pytest.ini`` and ``tox.ini`` which might cause hard to track
down problems.
When possible, it is recommended to use the latter files, or ``pyproject.toml``, to hold your pytest configuration.
Configuration options may be overwritten in the command-line by using ``-o/--override-ini``, which can also be
passed multiple times. The expected format is ``name=value``. For example::
pytest -o console_output_style=classic -o cache_dir=/tmp/mycache
.. confval:: addopts
Add the specified ``OPTS`` to the set of command line arguments as if they
had been specified by the user. Example: if you have this ini file content:
.. code-block:: ini
# content of pytest.ini
[pytest]
addopts = --maxfail=2 -rf # exit after 2 failures, report fail info
issuing ``pytest test_hello.py`` actually means:
.. code-block:: bash
pytest --maxfail=2 -rf test_hello.py
Default is to add no options.
.. confval:: cache_dir
Sets a directory where stores content of cache plugin. Default directory is
``.pytest_cache`` which is created in :ref:`rootdir <rootdir>`. Directory may be
relative or absolute path. If setting relative path, then directory is created
relative to :ref:`rootdir <rootdir>`. Additionally path may contain environment
variables, that will be expanded. For more information about cache plugin
please refer to :ref:`cache_provider`.
.. confval:: confcutdir
Sets a directory where search upwards for ``conftest.py`` files stops.
By default, pytest will stop searching for ``conftest.py`` files upwards
from ``pytest.ini``/``tox.ini``/``setup.cfg`` of the project if any,
or up to the file-system root.
.. confval:: console_output_style
Sets the console output style while running tests:
* ``classic``: classic pytest output.
* ``progress``: like classic pytest output, but with a progress indicator.
* ``count``: like progress, but shows progress as the number of tests completed instead of a percent.
The default is ``progress``, but you can fallback to ``classic`` if you prefer or
the new mode is causing unexpected problems:
.. code-block:: ini
# content of pytest.ini
[pytest]
console_output_style = classic
.. confval:: doctest_encoding
Default encoding to use to decode text files with docstrings.
:doc:`See how pytest handles doctests <doctest>`.
.. confval:: doctest_optionflags
One or more doctest flag names from the standard ``doctest`` module.
:doc:`See how pytest handles doctests <doctest>`.
.. confval:: empty_parameter_set_mark
Allows to pick the action for empty parametersets in parameterization
* ``skip`` skips tests with an empty parameterset (default)
* ``xfail`` marks tests with an empty parameterset as xfail(run=False)
* ``fail_at_collect`` raises an exception if parametrize collects an empty parameter set
.. code-block:: ini
# content of pytest.ini
[pytest]
empty_parameter_set_mark = xfail
.. note::
The default value of this option is planned to change to ``xfail`` in future releases
as this is considered less error prone, see `#3155 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/3155>`_
for more details.
.. confval:: faulthandler_timeout
Dumps the tracebacks of all threads if a test takes longer than ``X`` seconds to run (including
fixture setup and teardown). Implemented using the `faulthandler.dump_traceback_later`_ function,
so all caveats there apply.
.. code-block:: ini
# content of pytest.ini
[pytest]
faulthandler_timeout=5
For more information please refer to :ref:`faulthandler`.
.. _`faulthandler.dump_traceback_later`: https://docs.python.org/3/library/faulthandler.html#faulthandler.dump_traceback_later
.. confval:: filterwarnings
Sets a list of filters and actions that should be taken for matched
warnings. By default all warnings emitted during the test session
will be displayed in a summary at the end of the test session.
.. code-block:: ini
# content of pytest.ini
[pytest]
filterwarnings =
error
ignore::DeprecationWarning
This tells pytest to ignore deprecation warnings and turn all other warnings
into errors. For more information please refer to :ref:`warnings`.
.. confval:: junit_duration_report
.. versionadded:: 4.1
Configures how durations are recorded into the JUnit XML report:
* ``total`` (the default): duration times reported include setup, call, and teardown times.
* ``call``: duration times reported include only call times, excluding setup and teardown.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
junit_duration_report = call
.. confval:: junit_family
.. versionadded:: 4.2
Configures the format of the generated JUnit XML file. The possible options are:
* ``xunit1`` (or ``legacy``): produces old style output, compatible with the xunit 1.0 format. **This is the default**.
* ``xunit2``: produces `xunit 2.0 style output <https://github.com/jenkinsci/xunit-plugin/blob/xunit-2.3.2/src/main/resources/org/jenkinsci/plugins/xunit/types/model/xsd/junit-10.xsd>`__,
which should be more compatible with latest Jenkins versions.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
junit_family = xunit2
.. confval:: junit_logging
.. versionadded:: 3.5
.. versionchanged:: 5.4
``log``, ``all``, ``out-err`` options added.
Configures if captured output should be written to the JUnit XML file. Valid values are:
* ``log``: write only ``logging`` captured output.
* ``system-out``: write captured ``stdout`` contents.
* ``system-err``: write captured ``stderr`` contents.
* ``out-err``: write both captured ``stdout`` and ``stderr`` contents.
* ``all``: write captured ``logging``, ``stdout`` and ``stderr`` contents.
* ``no`` (the default): no captured output is written.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
junit_logging = system-out
.. confval:: junit_log_passing_tests
.. versionadded:: 4.6
If ``junit_logging != "no"``, configures if the captured output should be written
to the JUnit XML file for **passing** tests. Default is ``True``.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
junit_log_passing_tests = False
.. confval:: junit_suite_name
To set the name of the root test suite xml item, you can configure the ``junit_suite_name`` option in your config file:
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
junit_suite_name = my_suite
.. confval:: log_auto_indent
Allow selective auto-indentation of multiline log messages.
Supports command line option ``--log-auto-indent [value]``
and config option ``log_auto_indent = [value]`` to set the
auto-indentation behavior for all logging.
``[value]`` can be:
* True or "On" - Dynamically auto-indent multiline log messages
* False or "Off" or 0 - Do not auto-indent multiline log messages (the default behavior)
* [positive integer] - auto-indent multiline log messages by [value] spaces
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
log_auto_indent = False
Supports passing kwarg ``extra={"auto_indent": [value]}`` to
calls to ``logging.log()`` to specify auto-indentation behavior for
a specific entry in the log. ``extra`` kwarg overrides the value specified
on the command line or in the config.
.. confval:: log_cli
Enable log display during test run (also known as :ref:`"live logging" <live_logs>`).
The default is ``False``.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
log_cli = True
.. confval:: log_cli_date_format
Sets a :py:func:`time.strftime`-compatible string that will be used when formatting dates for live logging.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
log_cli_date_format = %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S
For more information, see :ref:`live_logs`.
.. confval:: log_cli_format
Sets a :py:mod:`logging`-compatible string used to format live logging messages.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
log_cli_format = %(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s
For more information, see :ref:`live_logs`.
.. confval:: log_cli_level
Sets the minimum log message level that should be captured for live logging. The integer value or
the names of the levels can be used.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
log_cli_level = INFO
For more information, see :ref:`live_logs`.
.. confval:: log_date_format
Sets a :py:func:`time.strftime`-compatible string that will be used when formatting dates for logging capture.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
log_date_format = %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S
For more information, see :ref:`logging`.
.. confval:: log_file
Sets a file name relative to the ``pytest.ini`` file where log messages should be written to, in addition
to the other logging facilities that are active.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
log_file = logs/pytest-logs.txt
For more information, see :ref:`logging`.
.. confval:: log_file_date_format
Sets a :py:func:`time.strftime`-compatible string that will be used when formatting dates for the logging file.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
log_file_date_format = %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S
For more information, see :ref:`logging`.
.. confval:: log_file_format
Sets a :py:mod:`logging`-compatible string used to format logging messages redirected to the logging file.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
log_file_format = %(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s
For more information, see :ref:`logging`.
.. confval:: log_file_level
Sets the minimum log message level that should be captured for the logging file. The integer value or
the names of the levels can be used.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
log_file_level = INFO
For more information, see :ref:`logging`.
.. confval:: log_format
Sets a :py:mod:`logging`-compatible string used to format captured logging messages.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
log_format = %(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s
For more information, see :ref:`logging`.
.. confval:: log_level
Sets the minimum log message level that should be captured for logging capture. The integer value or
the names of the levels can be used.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
log_level = INFO
For more information, see :ref:`logging`.
.. confval:: markers
When the ``--strict-markers`` or ``--strict`` command-line arguments are used,
only known markers - defined in code by core pytest or some plugin - are allowed.
You can list additional markers in this setting to add them to the whitelist,
in which case you probably want to add ``--strict-markers`` to ``addopts``
to avoid future regressions:
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
addopts = --strict-markers
markers =
slow
serial
.. note::
The use of ``--strict-markers`` is highly preferred. ``--strict`` was kept for
backward compatibility only and may be confusing for others as it only applies to
markers and not to other options.
.. confval:: minversion
Specifies a minimal pytest version required for running tests.
.. code-block:: ini
# content of pytest.ini
[pytest]
minversion = 3.0 # will fail if we run with pytest-2.8
.. confval:: norecursedirs
Set the directory basename patterns to avoid when recursing
for test discovery. The individual (fnmatch-style) patterns are
applied to the basename of a directory to decide if to recurse into it.
Pattern matching characters::
* matches everything
? matches any single character
[seq] matches any character in seq
[!seq] matches any char not in seq
Default patterns are ``'.*', 'build', 'dist', 'CVS', '_darcs', '{arch}', '*.egg', 'venv'``.
Setting a ``norecursedirs`` replaces the default. Here is an example of
how to avoid certain directories:
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
norecursedirs = .svn _build tmp*
This would tell ``pytest`` to not look into typical subversion or
sphinx-build directories or into any ``tmp`` prefixed directory.
Additionally, ``pytest`` will attempt to intelligently identify and ignore a
virtualenv by the presence of an activation script. Any directory deemed to
be the root of a virtual environment will not be considered during test
collection unless ``‑‑collect‑in‑virtualenv`` is given. Note also that
``norecursedirs`` takes precedence over ``‑‑collect‑in‑virtualenv``; e.g. if
you intend to run tests in a virtualenv with a base directory that matches
``'.*'`` you *must* override ``norecursedirs`` in addition to using the
``‑‑collect‑in‑virtualenv`` flag.
.. confval:: python_classes
One or more name prefixes or glob-style patterns determining which classes
are considered for test collection. Search for multiple glob patterns by
adding a space between patterns. By default, pytest will consider any
class prefixed with ``Test`` as a test collection. Here is an example of how
to collect tests from classes that end in ``Suite``:
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
python_classes = *Suite
Note that ``unittest.TestCase`` derived classes are always collected
regardless of this option, as ``unittest``'s own collection framework is used
to collect those tests.
.. confval:: python_files
One or more Glob-style file patterns determining which python files
are considered as test modules. Search for multiple glob patterns by
adding a space between patterns:
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
python_files = test_*.py check_*.py example_*.py
Or one per line:
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
python_files =
test_*.py
check_*.py
example_*.py
By default, files matching ``test_*.py`` and ``*_test.py`` will be considered
test modules.
.. confval:: python_functions
One or more name prefixes or glob-patterns determining which test functions
and methods are considered tests. Search for multiple glob patterns by
adding a space between patterns. By default, pytest will consider any
function prefixed with ``test`` as a test. Here is an example of how
to collect test functions and methods that end in ``_test``:
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
python_functions = *_test
Note that this has no effect on methods that live on a ``unittest
.TestCase`` derived class, as ``unittest``'s own collection framework is used
to collect those tests.
See :ref:`change naming conventions` for more detailed examples.
.. confval:: required_plugins
A space separated list of plugins that must be present for pytest to run.
Plugins can be listed with or without version specifiers directly following
their name. Whitespace between different version specifiers is not allowed.
If any one of the plugins is not found, emit an error.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
required_plugins = pytest-django>=3.0.0,<4.0.0 pytest-html pytest-xdist>=1.0.0
.. confval:: testpaths
Sets list of directories that should be searched for tests when
no specific directories, files or test ids are given in the command line when
executing pytest from the :ref:`rootdir <rootdir>` directory.
Useful when all project tests are in a known location to speed up
test collection and to avoid picking up undesired tests by accident.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
testpaths = testing doc
This tells pytest to only look for tests in ``testing`` and ``doc``
directories when executing from the root directory.
.. confval:: usefixtures
List of fixtures that will be applied to all test functions; this is semantically the same to apply
the ``@pytest.mark.usefixtures`` marker to all test functions.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
usefixtures =
clean_db
.. confval:: xfail_strict
If set to ``True``, tests marked with ``@pytest.mark.xfail`` that actually succeed will by default fail the
test suite.
For more information, see :ref:`xfail strict tutorial`.
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
xfail_strict = True
.. _`command-line-flags`:
Command-line Flags
------------------
All the command-line flags can be obtained by running ``pytest --help``::
$ pytest --help
usage: pytest [options] [file_or_dir] [file_or_dir] [...]
positional arguments:
file_or_dir
general:
-k EXPRESSION only run tests which match the given substring
expression. An expression is a python evaluatable
expression where all names are substring-matched
against test names and their parent classes.
Example: -k 'test_method or test_other' matches all
test functions and classes whose name contains
'test_method' or 'test_other', while -k 'not
test_method' matches those that don't contain
'test_method' in their names. -k 'not test_method
and not test_other' will eliminate the matches.
Additionally keywords are matched to classes and
functions containing extra names in their
'extra_keyword_matches' set, as well as functions
which have names assigned directly to them. The
matching is case-insensitive.
-m MARKEXPR only run tests matching given mark expression.
For example: -m 'mark1 and not mark2'.
--markers show markers (builtin, plugin and per-project ones).
-x, --exitfirst exit instantly on first error or failed test.
--fixtures, --funcargs
show available fixtures, sorted by plugin appearance
(fixtures with leading '_' are only shown with '-v')
--fixtures-per-test show fixtures per test
--pdb start the interactive Python debugger on errors or
KeyboardInterrupt.
--pdbcls=modulename:classname
start a custom interactive Python debugger on
errors. For example:
--pdbcls=IPython.terminal.debugger:TerminalPdb
--trace Immediately break when running each test.
--capture=method per-test capturing method: one of fd|sys|no|tee-sys.
-s shortcut for --capture=no.
--runxfail report the results of xfail tests as if they were
not marked
--lf, --last-failed rerun only the tests that failed at the last run (or
all if none failed)
--ff, --failed-first run all tests, but run the last failures first.
This may re-order tests and thus lead to repeated
fixture setup/teardown.
--nf, --new-first run tests from new files first, then the rest of the
tests sorted by file mtime
--cache-show=[CACHESHOW]
show cache contents, don't perform collection or
tests. Optional argument: glob (default: '*').
--cache-clear remove all cache contents at start of test run.
--lfnf={all,none}, --last-failed-no-failures={all,none}
which tests to run with no previously (known)
failures.
--sw, --stepwise exit on test failure and continue from last failing
test next time
--stepwise-skip ignore the first failing test but stop on the next
failing test
reporting:
--durations=N show N slowest setup/test durations (N=0 for all).
--durations-min=N Minimal duration in seconds for inclusion in slowest
list. Default 0.005
-v, --verbose increase verbosity.
--no-header disable header
--no-summary disable summary
-q, --quiet decrease verbosity.
--verbosity=VERBOSE set verbosity. Default is 0.
-r chars show extra test summary info as specified by chars:
(f)ailed, (E)rror, (s)kipped, (x)failed, (X)passed,
(p)assed, (P)assed with output, (a)ll except passed
(p/P), or (A)ll. (w)arnings are enabled by default
(see --disable-warnings), 'N' can be used to reset
the list. (default: 'fE').
--disable-warnings, --disable-pytest-warnings
disable warnings summary
-l, --showlocals show locals in tracebacks (disabled by default).
--tb=style traceback print mode
(auto/long/short/line/native/no).
--show-capture={no,stdout,stderr,log,all}
Controls how captured stdout/stderr/log is shown on
failed tests. Default is 'all'.
--full-trace don't cut any tracebacks (default is to cut).
--color=color color terminal output (yes/no/auto).
--code-highlight={yes,no}
Whether code should be highlighted (only if --color
is also enabled)
--pastebin=mode send failed|all info to bpaste.net pastebin service.
--junit-xml=path create junit-xml style report file at given path.
--junit-prefix=str prepend prefix to classnames in junit-xml output
pytest-warnings:
-W PYTHONWARNINGS, --pythonwarnings=PYTHONWARNINGS
set which warnings to report, see -W option of
python itself.
--maxfail=num exit after first num failures or errors.
--strict-config any warnings encountered while parsing the `pytest`
section of the configuration file raise errors.
--strict-markers, --strict
markers not registered in the `markers` section of
the configuration file raise errors.
-c file load configuration from `file` instead of trying to
locate one of the implicit configuration files.
--continue-on-collection-errors
Force test execution even if collection errors
occur.
--rootdir=ROOTDIR Define root directory for tests. Can be relative
path: 'root_dir', './root_dir',
'root_dir/another_dir/'; absolute path:
'/home/user/root_dir'; path with variables:
'$HOME/root_dir'.
collection:
--collect-only, --co only collect tests, don't execute them.
--pyargs try to interpret all arguments as python packages.
--ignore=path ignore path during collection (multi-allowed).
--ignore-glob=path ignore path pattern during collection (multi-
allowed).
--deselect=nodeid_prefix
deselect item (via node id prefix) during collection
(multi-allowed).
--confcutdir=dir only load conftest.py's relative to specified dir.
--noconftest Don't load any conftest.py files.
--keep-duplicates Keep duplicate tests.
--collect-in-virtualenv
Don't ignore tests in a local virtualenv directory
--import-mode={prepend,append,importlib}
prepend/append to sys.path when importing test
modules and conftest files, default is to prepend.
--doctest-modules run doctests in all .py modules
--doctest-report={none,cdiff,ndiff,udiff,only_first_failure}
choose another output format for diffs on doctest
failure
--doctest-glob=pat doctests file matching pattern, default: test*.txt
--doctest-ignore-import-errors
ignore doctest ImportErrors
--doctest-continue-on-failure
for a given doctest, continue to run after the first
failure
test session debugging and configuration:
--basetemp=dir base temporary directory for this test run.(warning:
this directory is removed if it exists)
-V, --version display pytest version and information about
plugins.When given twice, also display information
about plugins.
-h, --help show help message and configuration info
-p name early-load given plugin module name or entry point
(multi-allowed).
To avoid loading of plugins, use the `no:` prefix,
e.g. `no:doctest`.
--trace-config trace considerations of conftest.py files.
--debug store internal tracing debug information in
'pytestdebug.log'.
-o OVERRIDE_INI, --override-ini=OVERRIDE_INI
override ini option with "option=value" style, e.g.
`-o xfail_strict=True -o cache_dir=cache`.
--assert=MODE Control assertion debugging tools.
'plain' performs no assertion debugging.
'rewrite' (the default) rewrites assert statements
in test modules on import to provide assert
expression information.
--setup-only only setup fixtures, do not execute tests.
--setup-show show setup of fixtures while executing tests.
--setup-plan show what fixtures and tests would be executed but
don't execute anything.
logging:
--log-level=LEVEL level of messages to catch/display.
Not set by default, so it depends on the root/parent
log handler's effective level, where it is "WARNING"
by default.
--log-format=LOG_FORMAT
log format as used by the logging module.
--log-date-format=LOG_DATE_FORMAT
log date format as used by the logging module.
--log-cli-level=LOG_CLI_LEVEL
cli logging level.
--log-cli-format=LOG_CLI_FORMAT
log format as used by the logging module.
--log-cli-date-format=LOG_CLI_DATE_FORMAT
log date format as used by the logging module.
--log-file=LOG_FILE path to a file when logging will be written to.
--log-file-level=LOG_FILE_LEVEL
log file logging level.
--log-file-format=LOG_FILE_FORMAT
log format as used by the logging module.
--log-file-date-format=LOG_FILE_DATE_FORMAT
log date format as used by the logging module.
--log-auto-indent=LOG_AUTO_INDENT
Auto-indent multiline messages passed to the logging
module. Accepts true|on, false|off or an integer.
[pytest] ini-options in the first pytest.ini|tox.ini|setup.cfg file found:
markers (linelist): markers for test functions
empty_parameter_set_mark (string):
default marker for empty parametersets
norecursedirs (args): directory patterns to avoid for recursion
testpaths (args): directories to search for tests when no files or
directories are given in the command line.
filterwarnings (linelist):
Each line specifies a pattern for
warnings.filterwarnings. Processed after
-W/--pythonwarnings.
usefixtures (args): list of default fixtures to be used with this
project
python_files (args): glob-style file patterns for Python test module
discovery
python_classes (args):
prefixes or glob names for Python test class
discovery
python_functions (args):
prefixes or glob names for Python test function and
method discovery
disable_test_id_escaping_and_forfeit_all_rights_to_community_support (bool):
disable string escape non-ascii characters, might
cause unwanted side effects(use at your own risk)
console_output_style (string):
console output: "classic", or with additional
progress information ("progress" (percentage) |
"count").
xfail_strict (bool): default for the strict parameter of xfail markers
when not given explicitly (default: False)
enable_assertion_pass_hook (bool):
Enables the pytest_assertion_pass hook.Make sure to
delete any previously generated pyc cache files.
junit_suite_name (string):
Test suite name for JUnit report
junit_logging (string):
Write captured log messages to JUnit report: one of
no|log|system-out|system-err|out-err|all
junit_log_passing_tests (bool):
Capture log information for passing tests to JUnit
report:
junit_duration_report (string):
Duration time to report: one of total|call
junit_family (string):
Emit XML for schema: one of legacy|xunit1|xunit2
doctest_optionflags (args):
option flags for doctests
doctest_encoding (string):
encoding used for doctest files
cache_dir (string): cache directory path.
log_level (string): default value for --log-level
log_format (string): default value for --log-format
log_date_format (string):
default value for --log-date-format
log_cli (bool): enable log display during test run (also known as
"live logging").
log_cli_level (string):
default value for --log-cli-level
log_cli_format (string):
default value for --log-cli-format
log_cli_date_format (string):
default value for --log-cli-date-format
log_file (string): default value for --log-file
log_file_level (string):
default value for --log-file-level
log_file_format (string):
default value for --log-file-format
log_file_date_format (string):
default value for --log-file-date-format
log_auto_indent (string):
default value for --log-auto-indent
faulthandler_timeout (string):
Dump the traceback of all threads if a test takes
more than TIMEOUT seconds to finish.
addopts (args): extra command line options
minversion (string): minimally required pytest version
required_plugins (args):
plugins that must be present for pytest to run
environment variables:
PYTEST_ADDOPTS extra command line options
PYTEST_PLUGINS comma-separated plugins to load during startup
PYTEST_DISABLE_PLUGIN_AUTOLOAD set to disable plugin auto-loading
PYTEST_DEBUG set to enable debug tracing of pytest's internals
to see available markers type: pytest --markers
to see available fixtures type: pytest --fixtures
(shown according to specified file_or_dir or current dir if not specified; fixtures with leading '_' are only shown with the '-v' option
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