534 lines
14 KiB
ReStructuredText
534 lines
14 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _deprecations:
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Deprecations and Removals
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=========================
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This page lists all pytest features that are currently deprecated or have been removed in past major releases.
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The objective is to give users a clear rationale why a certain feature has been removed, and what alternatives
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should be used instead.
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.. contents::
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:depth: 3
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:local:
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Deprecated Features
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-------------------
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Below is a complete list of all pytest features which are considered deprecated. Using those features will issue
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:class:`_pytest.warning_types.PytestWarning` or subclasses, which can be filtered using
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:ref:`standard warning filters <warnings>`.
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``"message"`` parameter of ``pytest.raises``
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. deprecated:: 4.1
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It is a common mistake to think this parameter will match the exception message, while in fact
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it only serves to provide a custom message in case the ``pytest.raises`` check fails. To prevent
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users from making this mistake, and because it is believed to be little used, pytest is
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deprecating it without providing an alternative for the moment.
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If you have a valid use case for this parameter, consider that to obtain the same results
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you can just call ``pytest.fail`` manually at the end of the ``with`` statement.
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For example:
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.. code-block:: python
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with pytest.raises(TimeoutError, message="Client got unexpected message"):
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wait_for(websocket.recv(), 0.5)
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Becomes:
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.. code-block:: python
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with pytest.raises(TimeoutError):
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wait_for(websocket.recv(), 0.5)
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pytest.fail("Client got unexpected message")
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If you still have concerns about this deprecation and future removal, please comment on
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`issue #3974 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/3974>`__.
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``pytest.config`` global
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. deprecated:: 4.1
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The ``pytest.config`` global object is deprecated. Instead use
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``request.config`` (via the ``request`` fixture) or if you are a plugin author
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use the ``pytest_configure(config)`` hook. Note that many hooks can also access
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the ``config`` object indirectly, through ``session.config`` or ``item.config`` for example.
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.. _raises-warns-exec:
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``raises`` / ``warns`` with a string as the second argument
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. deprecated:: 4.1
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Use the context manager form of these instead. When necessary, invoke ``exec``
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directly.
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Example:
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.. code-block:: python
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pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError, "1 / 0")
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pytest.raises(SyntaxError, "a $ b")
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pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, "my_function()")
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pytest.warns(SyntaxWarning, "assert(1, 2)")
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Becomes:
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.. code-block:: python
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with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
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1 / 0
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with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
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exec("a $ b") # exec is required for invalid syntax
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with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
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my_function()
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with pytest.warns(SyntaxWarning):
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exec("assert(1, 2)") # exec is used to avoid a top-level warning
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Result log (``--result-log``)
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The ``--resultlog`` command line option has been deprecated: it is little used
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and there are more modern and better alternatives, for example `pytest-tap <https://tappy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_.
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This feature will be effectively removed in pytest 4.0 as the team intends to include a better alternative in the core.
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If you have any concerns, please don't hesitate to `open an issue <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues>`__.
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Removed Features
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----------------
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As stated in our :ref:`backwards-compatibility` policy, deprecated features are removed only in major releases after
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an appropriate period of deprecation has passed.
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Using ``Class`` in custom Collectors
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 4.0
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Using objects named ``"Class"`` as a way to customize the type of nodes that are collected in ``Collector``
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subclasses has been deprecated. Users instead should use ``pytest_pycollect_makeitem`` to customize node types during
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collection.
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This issue should affect only advanced plugins who create new collection types, so if you see this warning
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message please contact the authors so they can change the code.
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marks in ``pytest.mark.parametrize``
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 4.0
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Applying marks to values of a ``pytest.mark.parametrize`` call is now deprecated. For example:
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.. code-block:: python
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@pytest.mark.parametrize(
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"a, b",
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[
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(3, 9),
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pytest.mark.xfail(reason="flaky")(6, 36),
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(10, 100),
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(20, 200),
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(40, 400),
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(50, 500),
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],
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)
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def test_foo(a, b):
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...
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This code applies the ``pytest.mark.xfail(reason="flaky")`` mark to the ``(6, 36)`` value of the above parametrization
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call.
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This was considered hard to read and understand, and also its implementation presented problems to the code preventing
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further internal improvements in the marks architecture.
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To update the code, use ``pytest.param``:
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.. code-block:: python
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@pytest.mark.parametrize(
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"a, b",
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[
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(3, 9),
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pytest.param(6, 36, marks=pytest.mark.xfail(reason="flaky")),
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(10, 100),
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(20, 200),
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(40, 400),
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(50, 500),
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],
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)
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def test_foo(a, b):
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...
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``pytest_funcarg__`` prefix
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 4.0
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In very early pytest versions fixtures could be defined using the ``pytest_funcarg__`` prefix:
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.. code-block:: python
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def pytest_funcarg__data():
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return SomeData()
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Switch over to the ``@pytest.fixture`` decorator:
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.. code-block:: python
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@pytest.fixture
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def data():
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return SomeData()
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[pytest] section in setup.cfg files
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 4.0
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``[pytest]`` sections in ``setup.cfg`` files should now be named ``[tool:pytest]``
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to avoid conflicts with other distutils commands.
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Metafunc.addcall
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 4.0
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:meth:`_pytest.python.Metafunc.addcall` was a precursor to the current parametrized mechanism. Users should use
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:meth:`_pytest.python.Metafunc.parametrize` instead.
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Example:
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.. code-block:: python
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def pytest_generate_tests(metafunc):
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metafunc.addcall({"i": 1}, id="1")
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metafunc.addcall({"i": 2}, id="2")
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Becomes:
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.. code-block:: python
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def pytest_generate_tests(metafunc):
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metafunc.parametrize("i", [1, 2], ids=["1", "2"])
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``cached_setup``
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 4.0
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``request.cached_setup`` was the precursor of the setup/teardown mechanism available to fixtures.
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Example:
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.. code-block:: python
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@pytest.fixture
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def db_session():
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return request.cached_setup(
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setup=Session.create, teardown=lambda session: session.close(), scope="module"
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)
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This should be updated to make use of standard fixture mechanisms:
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.. code-block:: python
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@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
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def db_session():
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session = Session.create()
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yield session
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session.close()
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You can consult `funcarg comparison section in the docs <https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/funcarg_compare.html>`_ for
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more information.
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pytest_plugins in non-top-level conftest files
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 4.0
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Defining ``pytest_plugins`` is now deprecated in non-top-level conftest.py
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files because they will activate referenced plugins *globally*, which is surprising because for all other pytest
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features ``conftest.py`` files are only *active* for tests at or below it.
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``Config.warn`` and ``Node.warn``
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 4.0
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Those methods were part of the internal pytest warnings system, but since ``3.8`` pytest is using the builtin warning
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system for its own warnings, so those two functions are now deprecated.
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``Config.warn`` should be replaced by calls to the standard ``warnings.warn``, example:
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.. code-block:: python
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config.warn("C1", "some warning")
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Becomes:
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.. code-block:: python
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warnings.warn(pytest.PytestWarning("some warning"))
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``Node.warn`` now supports two signatures:
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* ``node.warn(PytestWarning("some message"))``: is now the **recommended** way to call this function.
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The warning instance must be a PytestWarning or subclass.
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* ``node.warn("CI", "some message")``: this code/message form has been **removed** and should be converted to the warning instance form above.
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record_xml_property
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 4.0
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The ``record_xml_property`` fixture is now deprecated in favor of the more generic ``record_property``, which
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can be used by other consumers (for example ``pytest-html``) to obtain custom information about the test run.
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This is just a matter of renaming the fixture as the API is the same:
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.. code-block:: python
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def test_foo(record_xml_property):
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...
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Change to:
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.. code-block:: python
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def test_foo(record_property):
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...
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Passing command-line string to ``pytest.main()``
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 4.0
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Passing a command-line string to ``pytest.main()`` is deprecated:
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.. code-block:: python
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pytest.main("-v -s")
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Pass a list instead:
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.. code-block:: python
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pytest.main(["-v", "-s"])
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By passing a string, users expect that pytest will interpret that command-line using the shell rules they are working
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on (for example ``bash`` or ``Powershell``), but this is very hard/impossible to do in a portable way.
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Calling fixtures directly
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 4.0
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Calling a fixture function directly, as opposed to request them in a test function, is deprecated.
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For example:
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.. code-block:: python
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@pytest.fixture
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def cell():
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return ...
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@pytest.fixture
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def full_cell():
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cell = cell()
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cell.make_full()
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return cell
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This is a great source of confusion to new users, which will often call the fixture functions and request them from test functions interchangeably, which breaks the fixture resolution model.
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In those cases just request the function directly in the dependent fixture:
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.. code-block:: python
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@pytest.fixture
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def cell():
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return ...
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@pytest.fixture
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def full_cell(cell):
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cell.make_full()
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return cell
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Alternatively if the fixture function is called multiple times inside a test (making it hard to apply the above pattern) or
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if you would like to make minimal changes to the code, you can create a fixture which calls the original function together
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with the ``name`` parameter:
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.. code-block:: python
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def cell():
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return ...
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@pytest.fixture(name="cell")
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def cell_fixture():
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return cell()
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``yield`` tests
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 4.0
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pytest supported ``yield``-style tests, where a test function actually ``yield`` functions and values
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that are then turned into proper test methods. Example:
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.. code-block:: python
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def check(x, y):
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assert x ** x == y
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def test_squared():
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yield check, 2, 4
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yield check, 3, 9
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This would result into two actual test functions being generated.
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This form of test function doesn't support fixtures properly, and users should switch to ``pytest.mark.parametrize``:
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.. code-block:: python
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@pytest.mark.parametrize("x, y", [(2, 4), (3, 9)])
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def test_squared(x, y):
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assert x ** x == y
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Internal classes accessed through ``Node``
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 4.0
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Access of ``Module``, ``Function``, ``Class``, ``Instance``, ``File`` and ``Item`` through ``Node`` instances now issue
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this warning::
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usage of Function.Module is deprecated, please use pytest.Module instead
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Users should just ``import pytest`` and access those objects using the ``pytest`` module.
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This has been documented as deprecated for years, but only now we are actually emitting deprecation warnings.
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``Node.get_marker``
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 4.0
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As part of a large :ref:`marker-revamp`, :meth:`_pytest.nodes.Node.get_marker` is deprecated. See
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:ref:`the documentation <update marker code>` on tips on how to update your code.
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``somefunction.markname``
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 4.0
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As part of a large :ref:`marker-revamp` we already deprecated using ``MarkInfo``
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the only correct way to get markers of an element is via ``node.iter_markers(name)``.
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``pytest_namespace``
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 4.0
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This hook is deprecated because it greatly complicates the pytest internals regarding configuration and initialization, making some
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bug fixes and refactorings impossible.
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Example of usage:
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.. code-block:: python
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class MySymbol:
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...
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def pytest_namespace():
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return {"my_symbol": MySymbol()}
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Plugin authors relying on this hook should instead require that users now import the plugin modules directly (with an appropriate public API).
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As a stopgap measure, plugin authors may still inject their names into pytest's namespace, usually during ``pytest_configure``:
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.. code-block:: python
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import pytest
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def pytest_configure():
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pytest.my_symbol = MySymbol()
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Reinterpretation mode (``--assert=reinterp``)
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 3.0
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Reinterpretation mode has now been removed and only plain and rewrite
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mode are available, consequently the ``--assert=reinterp`` option is
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no longer available. This also means files imported from plugins or
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``conftest.py`` will not benefit from improved assertions by
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default, you should use ``pytest.register_assert_rewrite()`` to
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explicitly turn on assertion rewriting for those files.
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Removed command-line options
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 3.0
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The following deprecated commandline options were removed:
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* ``--genscript``: no longer supported;
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* ``--no-assert``: use ``--assert=plain`` instead;
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* ``--nomagic``: use ``--assert=plain`` instead;
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* ``--report``: use ``-r`` instead;
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py.test-X* entry points
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionremoved:: 3.0
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Removed all ``py.test-X*`` entry points. The versioned, suffixed entry points
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were never documented and a leftover from a pre-virtualenv era. These entry
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points also created broken entry points in wheels, so removing them also
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removes a source of confusion for users.
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