2005-07-29 23:15:40 +08:00
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
1. Bare-bones model
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is a basic model with only two non-primary-key fields.
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from django.core import meta
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Article(meta.Model):
|
2005-08-26 06:51:30 +08:00
|
|
|
headline = meta.CharField(maxlength=100, default='Default headline')
|
|
|
|
pub_date = meta.DateTimeField()
|
2005-07-29 23:15:40 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
API_TESTS = """
|
|
|
|
# No articles are in the system yet.
|
|
|
|
>>> articles.get_list()
|
|
|
|
[]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Create an Article.
|
|
|
|
>>> from datetime import datetime
|
2005-08-02 00:26:39 +08:00
|
|
|
>>> a = articles.Article(id=None, headline='Area man programs in Python',
|
|
|
|
... pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28))
|
2005-07-29 23:15:40 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Save it into the database. You have to call save() explicitly.
|
|
|
|
>>> a.save()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Now it has an ID. Note it's a long integer, as designated by the trailing "L".
|
|
|
|
>>> a.id
|
|
|
|
1L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Access database columns via Python attributes.
|
|
|
|
>>> a.headline
|
|
|
|
'Area man programs in Python'
|
|
|
|
>>> a.pub_date
|
|
|
|
datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 28, 0, 0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Change values by changing the attributes, then calling save().
|
|
|
|
>>> a.headline = 'Area woman programs in Python'
|
|
|
|
>>> a.save()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# get_list() displays all the articles in the database. Note that the article
|
|
|
|
# is represented by "<Article object>", because we haven't given the Article
|
|
|
|
# model a __repr__() method.
|
|
|
|
>>> articles.get_list()
|
|
|
|
[<Article object>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Django provides a rich database lookup API that's entirely driven by
|
|
|
|
# keyword arguments.
|
|
|
|
>>> articles.get_object(id__exact=1)
|
|
|
|
<Article object>
|
|
|
|
>>> articles.get_object(headline__startswith='Area woman')
|
|
|
|
<Article object>
|
|
|
|
>>> articles.get_object(pub_date__year=2005)
|
|
|
|
<Article object>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Django raises an ArticleDoesNotExist exception for get_object()
|
|
|
|
>>> articles.get_object(id__exact=2)
|
|
|
|
Traceback (most recent call last):
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
ArticleDoesNotExist: Article does not exist for {'id__exact': 2}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Lookup by a primary key is the most common case, so Django provides a
|
|
|
|
# shortcut for primary-key exact lookups.
|
|
|
|
# The following is identical to articles.get_object(id__exact=1).
|
|
|
|
>>> articles.get_object(pk=1)
|
|
|
|
<Article object>
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-30 04:29:59 +08:00
|
|
|
# Model instances of the same type and same ID are considered equal.
|
|
|
|
>>> a = articles.get_object(pk=1)
|
|
|
|
>>> b = articles.get_object(pk=1)
|
|
|
|
>>> a == b
|
|
|
|
True
|
2005-08-02 00:26:39 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# You can initialize a model instance using positional arguments, which should
|
|
|
|
# match the field order as defined in the model...
|
|
|
|
>>> a2 = articles.Article(None, 'Second article', datetime(2005, 7, 29))
|
|
|
|
>>> a2.save()
|
|
|
|
>>> a2.id
|
|
|
|
2L
|
|
|
|
>>> a2.headline
|
|
|
|
'Second article'
|
|
|
|
>>> a2.pub_date
|
|
|
|
datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 29, 0, 0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ...or, you can use keyword arguments.
|
|
|
|
>>> a3 = articles.Article(id=None, headline='Third article',
|
|
|
|
... pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 30))
|
|
|
|
>>> a3.save()
|
|
|
|
>>> a3.id
|
|
|
|
3L
|
|
|
|
>>> a3.headline
|
|
|
|
'Third article'
|
|
|
|
>>> a3.pub_date
|
|
|
|
datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 30, 0, 0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# You can also mix and match position and keyword arguments, but be sure not to
|
|
|
|
# duplicate field information.
|
|
|
|
>>> a4 = articles.Article(None, 'Fourth article', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31))
|
|
|
|
>>> a4.save()
|
|
|
|
>>> a4.headline
|
|
|
|
'Fourth article'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Don't use invalid keyword arguments.
|
|
|
|
>>> a5 = articles.Article(id=None, headline='Invalid', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31), foo='bar')
|
|
|
|
Traceback (most recent call last):
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
TypeError: 'foo' is an invalid keyword argument for this function
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# You can leave off the ID.
|
|
|
|
>>> a5 = articles.Article(headline='Article 6', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31))
|
|
|
|
>>> a5.save()
|
|
|
|
>>> a5.id
|
|
|
|
5L
|
|
|
|
>>> a5.headline
|
|
|
|
'Article 6'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# If you leave off a field with "default" set, Django will use the default.
|
|
|
|
>>> a6 = articles.Article(pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31))
|
|
|
|
>>> a6.save()
|
|
|
|
>>> a6.headline
|
|
|
|
'Default headline'
|
2005-08-12 03:34:34 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# For DateTimeFields, Django saves as much precision (in seconds) as you
|
|
|
|
# give it.
|
|
|
|
>>> a7 = articles.Article(headline='Article 7', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30))
|
|
|
|
>>> a7.save()
|
|
|
|
>>> articles.get_object(id__exact=7).pub_date
|
|
|
|
datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
>>> a8 = articles.Article(headline='Article 8', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45))
|
|
|
|
>>> a8.save()
|
|
|
|
>>> articles.get_object(id__exact=8).pub_date
|
|
|
|
datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45)
|
2005-08-15 23:43:59 +08:00
|
|
|
>>> a8.id
|
|
|
|
8L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Saving an object again shouldn't create a new object -- it just saves the old one.
|
|
|
|
>>> a8.save()
|
|
|
|
>>> a8.id
|
|
|
|
8L
|
|
|
|
>>> a8.headline = 'Updated article 8'
|
|
|
|
>>> a8.save()
|
|
|
|
>>> a8.id
|
|
|
|
8L
|
2005-08-12 03:34:34 +08:00
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from django.conf import settings
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
building_docs = getattr(settings, 'BUILDING_DOCS', False)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if building_docs or settings.DATABASE_ENGINE == 'postgresql':
|
|
|
|
API_TESTS += """
|
|
|
|
# In PostgreSQL, microsecond-level precision is available.
|
|
|
|
>>> a9 = articles.Article(headline='Article 9', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45, 180))
|
|
|
|
>>> a9.save()
|
|
|
|
>>> articles.get_object(id__exact=9).pub_date
|
|
|
|
datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45, 180)
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if building_docs or settings.DATABASE_ENGINE == 'mysql':
|
|
|
|
API_TESTS += """
|
|
|
|
# In MySQL, microsecond-level precision isn't available. You'll lose
|
|
|
|
# microsecond-level precision once the data is saved.
|
|
|
|
>>> a9 = articles.Article(headline='Article 9', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45, 180))
|
|
|
|
>>> a9.save()
|
|
|
|
>>> articles.get_object(id__exact=9).pub_date
|
|
|
|
datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45)
|
2005-07-29 23:15:40 +08:00
|
|
|
"""
|