2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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===================
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The staticfiles app
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===================
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.. module:: django.contrib.staticfiles
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:synopsis: An app for handling static files.
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.. versionadded:: 1.3
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2010-10-23 22:32:20 +08:00
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``django.contrib.staticfiles`` collects static files from each of your
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applications (and any other places you specify) into a single location that
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can easily be served in production.
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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.. seealso::
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For an introduction to the static files app and some usage examples, see
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:doc:`/howto/static-files`.
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.. _staticfiles-settings:
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Settings
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========
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.. highlight:: python
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2010-11-17 23:36:26 +08:00
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.. note::
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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2010-11-17 23:36:26 +08:00
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The following settings control the behavior of the staticfiles app.
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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.. setting:: STATICFILES_DIRS
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STATICFILES_DIRS
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----------------
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Default: ``[]``
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This setting defines the additional locations the staticfiles app will traverse
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if the :class:`FileSystemFinder` finder is enabled, e.g. if you use the
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:djadmin:`collectstatic` or :djadmin:`findstatic` management command or use the
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static file serving view.
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2010-10-23 22:32:20 +08:00
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This should be set to a list or tuple of strings that contain full paths to
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your additional files directory(ies) e.g.::
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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2010-10-23 22:32:20 +08:00
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STATICFILES_DIRS = (
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"/home/special.polls.com/polls/static",
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"/home/polls.com/polls/static",
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"/opt/webfiles/common",
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)
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2011-01-31 01:23:25 +08:00
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Prefixes (optional)
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"""""""""""""""""""
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2011-01-23 07:29:11 +08:00
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In case you want to refer to files in one of the locations with an additional
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2010-10-23 22:32:20 +08:00
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namespace, you can **optionally** provide a prefix as ``(prefix, path)``
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tuples, e.g.::
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STATICFILES_DIRS = (
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2011-01-31 01:23:25 +08:00
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# ...
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2010-10-23 22:32:20 +08:00
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("downloads", "/opt/webfiles/stats"),
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)
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2011-01-31 01:23:25 +08:00
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Example:
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Assuming you have :setting:`STATIC_URL` set ``'/static/'``, the
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:djadmin:`collectstatic` management command would collect the "stats" files
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in a ``'downloads'`` subdirectory of :setting:`STATIC_ROOT`.
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This would allow you to refer to the local file
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``'/opt/webfiles/stats/polls_20101022.tar.gz'`` with
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2011-08-11 22:07:39 +08:00
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``'/static/downloads/polls_20101022.tar.gz'`` in your templates, e.g.:
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.. code-block:: html+django
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2011-01-31 01:23:25 +08:00
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<a href="{{ STATIC_URL }}downloads/polls_20101022.tar.gz">
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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.. setting:: STATICFILES_STORAGE
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STATICFILES_STORAGE
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-------------------
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Default: ``'django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage'``
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The file storage engine to use when collecting static files with the
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:djadmin:`collectstatic` management command.
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2011-08-11 22:07:39 +08:00
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.. versionadded:: 1.4
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A ready-to-use instance of the storage backend defined in this setting
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can be found at ``django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.staticfiles_storage``.
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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For an example, see :ref:`staticfiles-from-cdn`.
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.. setting:: STATICFILES_FINDERS
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STATICFILES_FINDERS
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-------------------
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Default::
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("django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder",
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"django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder")
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The list of finder backends that know how to find static files in
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various locations.
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The default will find files stored in the :setting:`STATICFILES_DIRS` setting
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(using :class:`django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder`) and in a
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``static`` subdirectory of each app (using
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:class:`django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder`)
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One finder is disabled by default:
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:class:`django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder`. If added to
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your :setting:`STATICFILES_FINDERS` setting, it will look for static files in
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the default file storage as defined by the :setting:`DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE`
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setting.
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2010-11-12 05:43:49 +08:00
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.. note::
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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2011-01-16 07:38:00 +08:00
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When using the :class:`AppDirectoriesFinder` finder, make sure your apps
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can be found by staticfiles. Simply add the app to the
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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:setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` setting of your site.
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Static file finders are currently considered a private interface, and this
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interface is thus undocumented.
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Management Commands
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===================
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.. highlight:: console
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2010-11-17 23:36:26 +08:00
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``django.contrib.staticfiles`` exposes three management commands.
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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collectstatic
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-------------
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.. django-admin:: collectstatic
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2010-11-17 23:36:26 +08:00
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Collects the static files into :setting:`STATIC_ROOT`.
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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2010-10-23 22:32:20 +08:00
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Duplicate file names are by default resolved in a similar way to how template
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resolution works: the file that is first found in one of the specified
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locations will be used. If you're confused, the :djadmin:`findstatic` command
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can help show you which files are found.
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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2010-10-23 22:32:20 +08:00
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Files are searched by using the :setting:`enabled finders
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<STATICFILES_FINDERS>`. The default is to look in all locations defined in
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:setting:`STATICFILES_DIRS` and in the ``'static'`` directory of apps
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specified by the :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` setting.
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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2011-08-11 22:07:39 +08:00
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.. versionadded:: 1.4
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The :djadmin:`collectstatic` management command calls the
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:meth:`~django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage.post_process`
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method of the :setting:`STATICFILES_STORAGE` after each run and passes
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a list of paths that have been found by the management command. It also
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receives all command line options of :djadmin:`collectstatic`. This is used
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by the :class:`~django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.CachedStaticFilesStorage`
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by default.
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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Some commonly used options are:
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2011-07-05 05:34:29 +08:00
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.. django-admin-option:: --noinput
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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Do NOT prompt the user for input of any kind.
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2011-07-05 05:34:29 +08:00
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.. django-admin-option:: -i <pattern>
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.. django-admin-option:: --ignore <pattern>
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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Ignore files or directories matching this glob-style pattern. Use multiple
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times to ignore more.
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2011-07-05 05:34:29 +08:00
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.. django-admin-option:: -n
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.. django-admin-option:: --dry-run
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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Do everything except modify the filesystem.
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2011-07-05 05:34:29 +08:00
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.. django-admin-option:: -c
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.. django-admin-option:: --clear
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2011-09-23 05:52:00 +08:00
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.. versionadded:: 1.4
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2011-07-05 05:34:29 +08:00
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Clear the existing files before trying to copy or link the original file.
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.. django-admin-option:: -l
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.. django-admin-option:: --link
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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Create a symbolic link to each file instead of copying.
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2011-08-11 22:07:39 +08:00
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.. django-admin-option:: --no-post-process
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2011-09-23 05:52:00 +08:00
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.. versionadded:: 1.4
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2011-08-11 22:07:39 +08:00
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Don't call the
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:meth:`~django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage.post_process`
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method of the configured :setting:`STATICFILES_STORAGE` storage backend.
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2011-07-05 05:34:29 +08:00
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.. django-admin-option:: --no-default-ignore
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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Don't ignore the common private glob-style patterns ``'CVS'``, ``'.*'``
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and ``'*~'``.
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For a full list of options, refer to the commands own help by running::
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$ python manage.py collectstatic --help
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findstatic
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----------
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.. django-admin:: findstatic
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Searches for one or more relative paths with the enabled finders.
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For example::
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$ python manage.py findstatic css/base.css admin/js/core.js
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/home/special.polls.com/core/static/css/base.css
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/home/polls.com/core/static/css/base.css
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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/home/polls.com/src/django/contrib/admin/media/js/core.js
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By default, all matching locations are found. To only return the first match
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for each relative path, use the ``--first`` option::
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$ python manage.py findstatic css/base.css --first
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/home/special.polls.com/core/static/css/base.css
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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This is a debugging aid; it'll show you exactly which static file will be
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collected for a given path.
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2011-02-01 06:06:53 +08:00
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.. _staticfiles-runserver:
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2010-11-17 23:36:26 +08:00
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runserver
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---------
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2011-02-01 06:06:53 +08:00
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.. django-admin:: runserver
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2011-01-31 01:23:25 +08:00
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2010-11-17 23:36:26 +08:00
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Overrides the core :djadmin:`runserver` command if the ``staticfiles`` app
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is :setting:`installed<INSTALLED_APPS>` and adds automatic serving of static
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files and the following new options.
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.. django-admin-option:: --nostatic
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Use the ``--nostatic`` option to disable serving of static files with the
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:doc:`staticfiles </ref/contrib/staticfiles>` app entirely. This option is
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only available if the :doc:`staticfiles </ref/contrib/staticfiles>` app is
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in your project's :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` setting.
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Example usage::
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django-admin.py runserver --nostatic
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.. django-admin-option:: --insecure
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Use the ``--insecure`` option to force serving of static files with the
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:doc:`staticfiles </ref/contrib/staticfiles>` app even if the :setting:`DEBUG`
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setting is ``False``. By using this you acknowledge the fact that it's
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**grossly inefficient** and probably **insecure**. This is only intended for
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local development, should **never be used in production** and is only
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available if the :doc:`staticfiles </ref/contrib/staticfiles>` app is
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in your project's :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` setting.
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Example usage::
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django-admin.py runserver --insecure
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2011-08-11 22:07:39 +08:00
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Storages
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========
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StaticFilesStorage
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------------------
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.. class:: storage.StaticFilesStorage
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A subclass of the :class:`~django.core.files.storage.FileSystemStorage`
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storage backend that uses the :setting:`STATIC_ROOT` setting as the base
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file system location and the :setting:`STATIC_URL` setting respectively
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as the base URL.
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.. method:: post_process(paths, **options)
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.. versionadded:: 1.4
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This method is called by the :djadmin:`collectstatic` management command
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after each run and gets passed the paths of found files, as well as the
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command line options.
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The :class:`~django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.CachedStaticFilesStorage`
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uses this behind the scenes to replace the paths with their hashed
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counterparts and update the cache appropriately.
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CachedStaticFilesStorage
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------------------------
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.. class:: storage.CachedStaticFilesStorage
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.. versionadded:: 1.4
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A subclass of the :class:`~django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage`
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storage backend which caches the files it saves by appending the MD5 hash
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of the file's content to the filename. For example, the file
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``css/styles.css`` would also be saved as ``css/styles.55e7cbb9ba48.css``.
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The purpose of this storage is to keep serving the old files in case some
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pages still refer to those files, e.g. because they are cached by you or
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a 3rd party proxy server. Additionally, it's very helpful if you want to
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apply `far future Expires headers`_ to the deployed files to speed up the
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load time for subsequent page visits.
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The storage backend automatically replaces the paths found in the saved
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files matching other saved files with the path of the cached copy (using
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the :meth:`~django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage.post_process`
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method). The regular expressions used to find those paths
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(``django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.CachedStaticFilesStorage.cached_patterns``)
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by default cover the `@import`_ rule and `url()`_ statement of `Cascading
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Style Sheets`_. For example, the ``'css/styles.css'`` file with the
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content
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.. code-block:: css+django
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@import url("../admin/css/base.css");
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would be replaced by calling the
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:meth:`~django.core.files.storage.Storage.url`
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method of the ``CachedStaticFilesStorage`` storage backend, ultimatively
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saving a ``'css/styles.55e7cbb9ba48.css'`` file with the following
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content:
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.. code-block:: css+django
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@import url("/static/admin/css/base.27e20196a850.css");
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To enable the ``CachedStaticFilesStorage`` you have to make sure the
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following requirements are met:
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* the :setting:`STATICFILES_STORAGE` setting is set to
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``'django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.CachedStaticFilesStorage'``
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* the :setting:`DEBUG` setting is set to ``False``
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* you use the ``staticfiles`` :ttag:`static<staticfiles-static>` template
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tag to refer to your static files in your templates
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* you've collected all your static files by using the
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:djadmin:`collectstatic` management command
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Since creating the MD5 hash can be a performance burden to your website
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during runtime, ``staticfiles`` will automatically try to cache the
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hashed name for each file path using Django's :doc:`caching
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framework</topics/cache>`. If you want to override certain options of the
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cache backend the storage uses, simply specify a custom entry in the
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:setting:`CACHES` setting named ``'staticfiles'``. It falls back to using
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the ``'default'`` cache backend.
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.. _`far future Expires headers`: http://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#expires
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.. _`@import`: http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/cascade.html#at-import
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.. _`url()`: http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/syndata.html#uri
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.. _`Cascading Style Sheets`: http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/
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.. currentmodule:: django.contrib.staticfiles.templatetags.staticfiles
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Template tags
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=============
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static
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------
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.. templatetag:: staticfiles-static
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.. versionadded:: 1.4
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2011-11-19 18:57:59 +08:00
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Uses the configured :setting:`STATICFILES_STORAGE` storage to create the
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2011-08-11 22:07:39 +08:00
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full URL for the given relative path, e.g.:
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.. code-block:: html+django
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{% load static from staticfiles %}
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<img src="{% static "css/base.css" %}" />
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The previous example is equal to calling the ``url`` method of an instance of
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:setting:`STATICFILES_STORAGE` with ``"css/base.css"``. This is especially
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useful when using a non-local storage backend to deploy files as documented
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in :ref:`staticfiles-from-cdn`.
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2010-11-07 07:30:10 +08:00
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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Other Helpers
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=============
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2011-06-30 17:06:19 +08:00
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There are a few other helpers outside of the
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:mod:`staticfiles <django.contrib.staticfiles>` app to work with static
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files:
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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2011-10-14 08:12:01 +08:00
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- The :func:`django.core.context_processors.static` context processor
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which adds :setting:`STATIC_URL` to every template context rendered
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with :class:`~django.template.RequestContext` contexts.
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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2011-10-14 08:12:01 +08:00
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- The builtin template tag :ttag:`static` which takes a path and
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urljoins it with the static prefix :setting:`STATIC_URL`.
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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2011-10-14 08:12:01 +08:00
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- The builtin template tag :ttag:`get_static_prefix` which populates a
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template variable with the static prefix :setting:`STATIC_URL` to be
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used as a variable or directly.
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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2011-10-14 08:12:01 +08:00
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- The similar template tag :ttag:`get_media_prefix` which works like
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:ttag:`get_static_prefix` but uses :setting:`MEDIA_URL`.
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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.. _staticfiles-development-view:
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Static file development view
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----------------------------
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.. highlight:: python
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.. function:: django.contrib.staticfiles.views.serve(request, path)
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2010-10-23 22:32:20 +08:00
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This view function serves static files in development.
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2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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.. warning::
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This view will only work if :setting:`DEBUG` is ``True``.
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That's because this view is **grossly inefficient** and probably
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**insecure**. This is only intended for local development, and should
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**never be used in production**.
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|
2010-11-12 05:43:49 +08:00
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This view is automatically enabled by :djadmin:`runserver` (with a
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:setting:`DEBUG` setting set to ``True``). To use the view with a different
|
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|
local development server, add the following snippet to the end of your
|
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|
|
primary URL configuration::
|
2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
|
|
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|
|
from django.conf import settings
|
2010-11-12 05:43:49 +08:00
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|
2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
|
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|
if settings.DEBUG:
|
2010-11-28 02:36:41 +08:00
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|
urlpatterns += patterns('django.contrib.staticfiles.views',
|
2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
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|
url(r'^static/(?P<path>.*)$', 'serve'),
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|
)
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|
2011-05-18 17:51:24 +08:00
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|
Note, the beginning of the pattern (``r'^static/'``) should be your
|
2010-11-17 23:36:26 +08:00
|
|
|
:setting:`STATIC_URL` setting.
|
2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Since this is a bit finicky, there's also a helper function that'll do this for you:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: django.contrib.staticfiles.urls.staticfiles_urlpatterns()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This will return the proper URL pattern for serving static files to your
|
|
|
|
already defined pattern list. Use it like this::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from django.contrib.staticfiles.urls import staticfiles_urlpatterns
|
2010-11-12 05:43:49 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
|
|
|
# ... the rest of your URLconf here ...
|
2010-11-12 05:43:49 +08:00
|
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|
|
2010-10-20 09:33:24 +08:00
|
|
|
urlpatterns += staticfiles_urlpatterns()
|
|
|
|
|
2010-11-17 23:36:26 +08:00
|
|
|
.. warning::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This helper function will only work if :setting:`DEBUG` is ``True``
|
|
|
|
and your :setting:`STATIC_URL` setting is neither empty nor a full
|
|
|
|
URL such as ``http://static.example.com/``.
|