diff --git a/django/contrib/formtools/tests/wizard/namedwizardtests/forms.py b/django/contrib/formtools/tests/wizard/namedwizardtests/forms.py
index c89f51e179..fa9071d9db 100644
--- a/django/contrib/formtools/tests/wizard/namedwizardtests/forms.py
+++ b/django/contrib/formtools/tests/wizard/namedwizardtests/forms.py
@@ -14,21 +14,25 @@ from django.contrib.formtools.wizard.views import NamedUrlWizardView
 temp_storage_location = tempfile.mkdtemp(dir=os.environ.get('DJANGO_TEST_TEMP_DIR'))
 temp_storage = FileSystemStorage(location=temp_storage_location)
 
+
 class Page1(forms.Form):
     name = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
     user = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=User.objects.all())
     thirsty = forms.NullBooleanField()
 
+
 class Page2(forms.Form):
     address1 = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
     address2 = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
     file1 = forms.FileField()
 
+
 class Page3(forms.Form):
     random_crap = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
 
 Page4 = formset_factory(Page3, extra=2)
 
+
 class ContactWizard(NamedUrlWizardView):
     file_storage = temp_storage
 
@@ -44,8 +48,10 @@ class ContactWizard(NamedUrlWizardView):
         c['this_will_fail'] = self.get_cleaned_data_for_step('this_will_fail')
         return HttpResponse(Template('').render(c))
 
+
 class SessionContactWizard(ContactWizard):
     storage_name = 'django.contrib.formtools.wizard.storage.session.SessionStorage'
 
+
 class CookieContactWizard(ContactWizard):
     storage_name = 'django.contrib.formtools.wizard.storage.cookie.CookieStorage'
diff --git a/django/contrib/formtools/tests/wizard/namedwizardtests/urls.py b/django/contrib/formtools/tests/wizard/namedwizardtests/urls.py
index ac2cadc321..a88e711720 100644
--- a/django/contrib/formtools/tests/wizard/namedwizardtests/urls.py
+++ b/django/contrib/formtools/tests/wizard/namedwizardtests/urls.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from django.contrib.formtools.tests.wizard.namedwizardtests.forms import (
     SessionContactWizard, CookieContactWizard, Page1, Page2, Page3, Page4)
 
+
 def get_named_session_wizard():
     return SessionContactWizard.as_view(
         [('form1', Page1), ('form2', Page2), ('form3', Page3), ('form4', Page4)],
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ def get_named_session_wizard():
         done_step_name='nwiz_session_done'
     )
 
+
 def get_named_cookie_wizard():
     return CookieContactWizard.as_view(
         [('form1', Page1), ('form2', Page2), ('form3', Page3), ('form4', Page4)],
diff --git a/django/contrib/formtools/tests/wizard/test_forms.py b/django/contrib/formtools/tests/wizard/test_forms.py
index ba3fbfdd48..386e448485 100644
--- a/django/contrib/formtools/tests/wizard/test_forms.py
+++ b/django/contrib/formtools/tests/wizard/test_forms.py
@@ -81,12 +81,14 @@ class TestWizard(WizardView):
             kwargs['test'] = True
         return kwargs
 
+
 class TestWizardWithInitAttrs(TestWizard):
     form_list = [Step1, Step2]
     condition_dict = {'step2': True}
     initial_dict = {'start': {'name': 'value1'}}
     instance_dict = {'start': User()}
 
+
 class FormTests(TestCase):
     def test_form_init(self):
         testform = TestWizard.get_initkwargs([Step1, Step2])
diff --git a/django/contrib/formtools/tests/wizard/wizardtests/forms.py b/django/contrib/formtools/tests/wizard/wizardtests/forms.py
index ad565478d1..5e4617c1cd 100644
--- a/django/contrib/formtools/tests/wizard/wizardtests/forms.py
+++ b/django/contrib/formtools/tests/wizard/wizardtests/forms.py
@@ -15,21 +15,25 @@ from django.contrib.formtools.wizard.views import WizardView
 temp_storage_location = tempfile.mkdtemp(dir=os.environ.get('DJANGO_TEST_TEMP_DIR'))
 temp_storage = FileSystemStorage(location=temp_storage_location)
 
+
 class Page1(forms.Form):
     name = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
     user = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=User.objects.all())
     thirsty = forms.NullBooleanField()
 
+
 class Page2(forms.Form):
     address1 = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
     address2 = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
     file1 = forms.FileField()
 
+
 class Page3(forms.Form):
     random_crap = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
 
 Page4 = formset_factory(Page3, extra=2)
 
+
 class ContactWizard(WizardView):
     file_storage = temp_storage
 
@@ -51,6 +55,7 @@ class ContactWizard(WizardView):
             context.update({'another_var': True})
         return context
 
+
 class UserForm(forms.ModelForm):
     class Meta:
         model = User
@@ -58,8 +63,10 @@ class UserForm(forms.ModelForm):
 
 UserFormSet = modelformset_factory(User, form=UserForm)
 
+
 class SessionContactWizard(ContactWizard):
     storage_name = 'django.contrib.formtools.wizard.storage.session.SessionStorage'
 
+
 class CookieContactWizard(ContactWizard):
     storage_name = 'django.contrib.formtools.wizard.storage.cookie.CookieStorage'
diff --git a/django/contrib/formtools/wizard/forms.py b/django/contrib/formtools/wizard/forms.py
index bf46c5c992..cd00517fa3 100644
--- a/django/contrib/formtools/wizard/forms.py
+++ b/django/contrib/formtools/wizard/forms.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from django import forms
 
+
 class ManagementForm(forms.Form):
     """
     ``ManagementForm`` is used to keep track of the current wizard step.
diff --git a/django/contrib/formtools/wizard/storage/exceptions.py b/django/contrib/formtools/wizard/storage/exceptions.py
index e273a8654b..31cea93ba8 100644
--- a/django/contrib/formtools/wizard/storage/exceptions.py
+++ b/django/contrib/formtools/wizard/storage/exceptions.py
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 
+
 class MissingStorage(ImproperlyConfigured):
     pass
 
+
 class NoFileStorageConfigured(ImproperlyConfigured):
     pass
diff --git a/django/contrib/formtools/wizard/views.py b/django/contrib/formtools/wizard/views.py
index f1c54f5df4..f19cfc76f3 100644
--- a/django/contrib/formtools/wizard/views.py
+++ b/django/contrib/formtools/wizard/views.py
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ def normalize_name(name):
     new = re.sub('(((?<=[a-z])[A-Z])|([A-Z](?![A-Z]|$)))', '_\\1', name)
     return new.lower().strip('_')
 
+
 class StepsHelper(object):
 
     def __init__(self, wizard):
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/admin/options.py b/django/contrib/gis/admin/options.py
index 6ec6a23ffd..53a043c8f1 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/admin/options.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/admin/options.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from django.contrib.gis.admin.widgets import OpenLayersWidget
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeomType
 from django.contrib.gis.db import models
 
+
 class GeoModelAdmin(ModelAdmin):
     """
     The administration options class for Geographic models. Map settings
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/base.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/base.py
index 3162ed3d00..4da0af0d27 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/base.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/base.py
@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@ class BaseSpatialOperations(object):
     def spatial_ref_sys(self):
         raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of BaseSpatialOperations must a provide spatial_ref_sys() method')
 
+
 @python_2_unicode_compatible
 class SpatialRefSysMixin(object):
     """
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/compiler.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/compiler.py
index f4654eff84..74e666c165 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/compiler.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/compiler.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from django.db.backends.mysql import compiler
 
 SQLCompiler = compiler.SQLCompiler
 
+
 class GeoSQLCompiler(BaseGeoSQLCompiler, SQLCompiler):
     def resolve_columns(self, row, fields=()):
         """
@@ -19,17 +20,22 @@ class GeoSQLCompiler(BaseGeoSQLCompiler, SQLCompiler):
 class SQLInsertCompiler(compiler.SQLInsertCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
     pass
 
+
 class SQLDeleteCompiler(compiler.SQLDeleteCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
     pass
 
+
 class SQLUpdateCompiler(compiler.SQLUpdateCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
     pass
 
+
 class SQLAggregateCompiler(compiler.SQLAggregateCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
     pass
 
+
 class SQLDateCompiler(compiler.SQLDateCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
     pass
 
+
 class SQLDateTimeCompiler(compiler.SQLDateTimeCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
     pass
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/creation.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/creation.py
index dda77ea6ab..303b8aef53 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/creation.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/creation.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from django.db.backends.mysql.creation import DatabaseCreation
 
-class MySQLCreation(DatabaseCreation):
 
+class MySQLCreation(DatabaseCreation):
     def sql_indexes_for_field(self, model, f, style):
         from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import GeometryField
         output = super(MySQLCreation, self).sql_indexes_for_field(model, f, style)
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/introspection.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/introspection.py
index 59d0f627ee..aae1c1460c 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/introspection.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/introspection.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from MySQLdb.constants import FIELD_TYPE
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeomType
 from django.db.backends.mysql.introspection import DatabaseIntrospection
 
+
 class MySQLIntrospection(DatabaseIntrospection):
     # Updating the data_types_reverse dictionary with the appropriate
     # type for Geometry fields.
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/adapter.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/adapter.py
index ea340d93d9..ca627bd37d 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/adapter.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/adapter.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from cx_Oracle import CLOB
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.adapter import WKTAdapter
 
+
 class OracleSpatialAdapter(WKTAdapter):
     input_size = CLOB
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/compiler.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/compiler.py
index d00af7fa71..4fe65bce28 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/compiler.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/compiler.py
@@ -3,23 +3,30 @@ from django.db.backends.oracle import compiler
 
 SQLCompiler = compiler.SQLCompiler
 
+
 class GeoSQLCompiler(BaseGeoSQLCompiler, SQLCompiler):
     pass
 
+
 class SQLInsertCompiler(compiler.SQLInsertCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
     pass
 
+
 class SQLDeleteCompiler(compiler.SQLDeleteCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
     pass
 
+
 class SQLUpdateCompiler(compiler.SQLUpdateCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
     pass
 
+
 class SQLAggregateCompiler(compiler.SQLAggregateCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
     pass
 
+
 class SQLDateCompiler(compiler.SQLDateCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
     pass
 
+
 class SQLDateTimeCompiler(compiler.SQLDateTimeCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
     pass
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/creation.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/creation.py
index 14f8d4d150..4aa031220b 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/creation.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/creation.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from django.db.backends.oracle.creation import DatabaseCreation
 from django.db.backends.utils import truncate_name
 
+
 class OracleCreation(DatabaseCreation):
 
     def sql_indexes_for_field(self, model, f, style):
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/introspection.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/introspection.py
index d6c8f452df..fbac2287e8 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/introspection.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/introspection.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import sys
 from django.db.backends.oracle.introspection import DatabaseIntrospection
 from django.utils import six
 
+
 class OracleIntrospection(DatabaseIntrospection):
     # Associating any OBJECTVAR instances with GeometryField.  Of course,
     # this won't work right on Oracle objects that aren't MDSYS.SDO_GEOMETRY,
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/models.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/models.py
index dda698481e..c907b8280d 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/models.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/models.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from django.contrib.gis.db import models
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base import SpatialRefSysMixin
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible
 
+
 @python_2_unicode_compatible
 class GeometryColumns(models.Model):
     "Maps to the Oracle USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA table."
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ class GeometryColumns(models.Model):
     def __str__(self):
         return '%s - %s (SRID: %s)' % (self.table_name, self.column_name, self.srid)
 
+
 class SpatialRefSys(models.Model, SpatialRefSysMixin):
     "Maps to the Oracle MDSYS.CS_SRS table."
     cs_name = models.CharField(max_length=68)
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/operations.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/operations.py
index 5fced474c8..14df0ff1d3 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/operations.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/operations.py
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ class SDOOperation(SpatialFunction):
         kwargs.setdefault('result', 'TRUE')
         super(SDOOperation, self).__init__(func, **kwargs)
 
+
 class SDODistance(SpatialFunction):
     "Class for Distance queries."
     sql_template = ('%(function)s(%(geo_col)s, %(geometry)s, %(tolerance)s) '
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ class SDODistance(SpatialFunction):
                                           tolerance=tolerance,
                                           operator=op, result='%s')
 
+
 class SDODWithin(SpatialFunction):
     dwithin_func = 'SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE'
     sql_template = "%(function)s(%(geo_col)s, %(geometry)s, %%s) = 'TRUE'"
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@ class SDODWithin(SpatialFunction):
     def __init__(self):
         super(SDODWithin, self).__init__(self.dwithin_func)
 
+
 class SDOGeomRelate(SpatialFunction):
     "Class for using SDO_GEOM.RELATE."
     relate_func = 'SDO_GEOM.RELATE'
@@ -58,6 +61,7 @@ class SDOGeomRelate(SpatialFunction):
         super(SDOGeomRelate, self).__init__(self.relate_func, operator='=',
                                             mask=mask, tolerance=tolerance)
 
+
 class SDORelate(SpatialFunction):
     "Class for using SDO_RELATE."
     masks = 'TOUCH|OVERLAPBDYDISJOINT|OVERLAPBDYINTERSECT|EQUAL|INSIDE|COVEREDBY|CONTAINS|COVERS|ANYINTERACT|ON'
@@ -73,6 +77,7 @@ class SDORelate(SpatialFunction):
 # Valid distance types and substitutions
 dtypes = (Decimal, Distance, float) + six.integer_types
 
+
 class OracleOperations(DatabaseOperations, BaseSpatialOperations):
     compiler_module = "django.contrib.gis.db.backends.oracle.compiler"
 
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/adapter.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/adapter.py
index 8bb514d760..172133693b 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/adapter.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/adapter.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from psycopg2 import Binary
 from psycopg2.extensions import ISQLQuote
 
+
 class PostGISAdapter(object):
     def __init__(self, geom):
         "Initializes on the geometry."
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/introspection.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/introspection.py
index d9e1dd350e..8edc13387d 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/introspection.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/introspection.py
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 from django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2.introspection import DatabaseIntrospection
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeomType
 
+
 class GeoIntrospectionError(Exception):
     pass
 
+
 class PostGISIntrospection(DatabaseIntrospection):
     # Reverse dictionary for PostGIS geometry types not populated until
     # introspection is actually performed.
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/models.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/models.py
index e8052594c6..058d440b50 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/models.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/models.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from django.db import models
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base import SpatialRefSysMixin
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible
 
+
 @python_2_unicode_compatible
 class GeometryColumns(models.Model):
     """
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ class GeometryColumns(models.Model):
                (self.f_table_name, self.f_geometry_column,
                 self.coord_dimension, self.type, self.srid)
 
+
 class SpatialRefSys(models.Model, SpatialRefSysMixin):
     """
     The 'spatial_ref_sys' table from PostGIS. See the PostGIS
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/operations.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/operations.py
index 92e5323d36..eae08479df 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/operations.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/operations.py
@@ -22,15 +22,18 @@ class PostGISOperator(SpatialOperation):
     def __init__(self, operator):
         super(PostGISOperator, self).__init__(operator=operator)
 
+
 class PostGISFunction(SpatialFunction):
     "For PostGIS function calls (e.g., `ST_Contains(table, geom)`)."
     def __init__(self, prefix, function, **kwargs):
         super(PostGISFunction, self).__init__(prefix + function, **kwargs)
 
+
 class PostGISFunctionParam(PostGISFunction):
     "For PostGIS functions that take another parameter (e.g. DWithin, Relate)."
     sql_template = '%(function)s(%(geo_col)s, %(geometry)s, %%s)'
 
+
 class PostGISDistance(PostGISFunction):
     "For PostGIS distance operations."
     dist_func = 'Distance'
@@ -40,6 +43,7 @@ class PostGISDistance(PostGISFunction):
         super(PostGISDistance, self).__init__(prefix, self.dist_func,
                                               operator=operator)
 
+
 class PostGISSpheroidDistance(PostGISFunction):
     "For PostGIS spherical distance operations (using the spheroid)."
     dist_func = 'distance_spheroid'
@@ -50,10 +54,12 @@ class PostGISSpheroidDistance(PostGISFunction):
         super(PostGISSpheroidDistance, self).__init__(prefix, self.dist_func,
                                                       operator=operator)
 
+
 class PostGISSphereDistance(PostGISDistance):
     "For PostGIS spherical distance operations."
     dist_func = 'distance_sphere'
 
+
 class PostGISRelate(PostGISFunctionParam):
     "For PostGIS Relate(<geom>, <pattern>) calls."
     pattern_regex = re.compile(r'^[012TF\*]{9}$')
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/adapter.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/adapter.py
index d8fefbadd8..8a5c2d88bf 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/adapter.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/adapter.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from django.db.backends.sqlite3.base import Database
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.adapter import WKTAdapter
 
+
 class SpatiaLiteAdapter(WKTAdapter):
     "SQLite adaptor for geometry objects."
     def __conform__(self, protocol):
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/base.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/base.py
index 7b49d71a61..2efc274106 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/base.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/base.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.spatialite.introspection import SpatiaLiteIn
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.spatialite.operations import SpatiaLiteOperations
 from django.utils import six
 
+
 class DatabaseWrapper(SQLiteDatabaseWrapper):
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         # Before we get too far, make sure pysqlite 2.5+ is installed.
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/client.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/client.py
index f9684877c5..c9dfd1a527 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/client.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/client.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from django.db.backends.sqlite3.client import DatabaseClient
 
+
 class SpatiaLiteClient(DatabaseClient):
     executable_name = 'spatialite'
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/introspection.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/introspection.py
index c841d1ae6a..9e1616c514 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/introspection.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/introspection.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeomType
 from django.db.backends.sqlite3.introspection import DatabaseIntrospection, FlexibleFieldLookupDict
 from django.utils import six
 
+
 class GeoFlexibleFieldLookupDict(FlexibleFieldLookupDict):
     """
     Sublcass that includes updates the `base_data_types_reverse` dict
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ class GeoFlexibleFieldLookupDict(FlexibleFieldLookupDict):
          'geometrycollection': 'GeometryField',
          })
 
+
 class SpatiaLiteIntrospection(DatabaseIntrospection):
     data_types_reverse = GeoFlexibleFieldLookupDict()
 
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/models.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/models.py
index b281f0bc62..9860779647 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/models.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/models.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from django.db import models
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base import SpatialRefSysMixin
 from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible
 
+
 @python_2_unicode_compatible
 class GeometryColumns(models.Model):
     """
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ class GeometryColumns(models.Model):
                (self.f_table_name, self.f_geometry_column,
                 self.coord_dimension, self.type, self.srid)
 
+
 class SpatialRefSys(models.Model, SpatialRefSysMixin):
     """
     The 'spatial_ref_sys' table from SpatiaLite.
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/operations.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/operations.py
index 4954ba5210..8d8435f824 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/operations.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/operations.py
@@ -19,15 +19,18 @@ class SpatiaLiteOperator(SpatialOperation):
     def __init__(self, operator):
         super(SpatiaLiteOperator, self).__init__(operator=operator)
 
+
 class SpatiaLiteFunction(SpatialFunction):
     "For SpatiaLite function calls."
     def __init__(self, function, **kwargs):
         super(SpatiaLiteFunction, self).__init__(function, **kwargs)
 
+
 class SpatiaLiteFunctionParam(SpatiaLiteFunction):
     "For SpatiaLite functions that take another parameter."
     sql_template = '%(function)s(%(geo_col)s, %(geometry)s, %%s)'
 
+
 class SpatiaLiteDistance(SpatiaLiteFunction):
     "For SpatiaLite distance operations."
     dist_func = 'Distance'
@@ -37,6 +40,7 @@ class SpatiaLiteDistance(SpatiaLiteFunction):
         super(SpatiaLiteDistance, self).__init__(self.dist_func,
                                                  operator=operator)
 
+
 class SpatiaLiteRelate(SpatiaLiteFunctionParam):
     "For SpatiaLite Relate(<geom>, <pattern>) calls."
     pattern_regex = re.compile(r'^[012TF\*]{9}$')
@@ -46,12 +50,14 @@ class SpatiaLiteRelate(SpatiaLiteFunctionParam):
             raise ValueError('Invalid intersection matrix pattern "%s".' % pattern)
         super(SpatiaLiteRelate, self).__init__('Relate')
 
+
 # Valid distance types and substitutions
 dtypes = (Decimal, Distance, float) + six.integer_types
 def get_dist_ops(operator):
     "Returns operations for regular distances; spherical distances are not currently supported."
     return (SpatiaLiteDistance(operator),)
 
+
 class SpatiaLiteOperations(DatabaseOperations, BaseSpatialOperations):
     compiler_module = 'django.contrib.gis.db.models.sql.compiler'
     name = 'spatialite'
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/utils.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/utils.py
index 53f1e1b6a4..b8b5b9525f 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/utils.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/utils.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ A collection of utility routines and classes used by the spatial
 backends.
 """
 
+
 class SpatialOperation(object):
     """
     Base class for generating spatial SQL.
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ class SpatialOperation(object):
         params.update(self.extra)
         return params
 
+
 class SpatialFunction(SpatialOperation):
     """
     Base class for generating spatial SQL related to a function.
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/aggregates.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/aggregates.py
index d0fc6d319d..fbfabe0a1d 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/aggregates.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/aggregates.py
@@ -1,16 +1,21 @@
 from django.db.models import Aggregate
 
+
 class Collect(Aggregate):
     name = 'Collect'
 
+
 class Extent(Aggregate):
     name = 'Extent'
 
+
 class Extent3D(Aggregate):
     name = 'Extent3D'
 
+
 class MakeLine(Aggregate):
     name = 'MakeLine'
 
+
 class Union(Aggregate):
     name = 'Union'
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/fields.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/fields.py
index e137ddffb5..662b20ae79 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/fields.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/fields.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from django.utils import six
 # for SRID info each time a distance query is constructed.
 _srid_cache = {}
 
+
 def get_srid_info(srid, connection):
     """
     Returns the units, unit name, and spheroid WKT associated with the
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ def get_srid_info(srid, connection):
 
     return _srid_cache[connection.alias][srid]
 
+
 class GeometryField(Field):
     "The base GIS field -- maps to the OpenGIS Specification Geometry type."
 
@@ -269,37 +271,44 @@ class GeometryField(Field):
         """
         return connection.ops.get_geom_placeholder(self, value)
 
+
 # The OpenGIS Geometry Type Fields
 class PointField(GeometryField):
     geom_type = 'POINT'
     form_class = forms.PointField
     description = _("Point")
 
+
 class LineStringField(GeometryField):
     geom_type = 'LINESTRING'
     form_class = forms.LineStringField
     description = _("Line string")
 
+
 class PolygonField(GeometryField):
     geom_type = 'POLYGON'
     form_class = forms.PolygonField
     description = _("Polygon")
 
+
 class MultiPointField(GeometryField):
     geom_type = 'MULTIPOINT'
     form_class = forms.MultiPointField
     description = _("Multi-point")
 
+
 class MultiLineStringField(GeometryField):
     geom_type = 'MULTILINESTRING'
     form_class = forms.MultiLineStringField
     description = _("Multi-line string")
 
+
 class MultiPolygonField(GeometryField):
     geom_type = 'MULTIPOLYGON'
     form_class = forms.MultiPolygonField
     description = _("Multi polygon")
 
+
 class GeometryCollectionField(GeometryField):
     geom_type = 'GEOMETRYCOLLECTION'
     form_class = forms.GeometryCollectionField
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/manager.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/manager.py
index aa57e3a507..bbcbb579fa 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/manager.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/manager.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from django.db.models.manager import Manager
 from django.contrib.gis.db.models.query import GeoQuerySet
 
+
 class GeoManager(Manager):
     "Overrides Manager to return Geographic QuerySets."
 
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/proxy.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/proxy.py
index 513bf921bd..91ded31dc0 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/proxy.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/proxy.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Thanks to Robert Coup for providing this functionality (see #4322).
 from django.contrib.gis import memoryview
 from django.utils import six
 
+
 class GeometryProxy(object):
     def __init__(self, klass, field):
         """
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/query.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/query.py
index 2d13cbecc0..5f1d4623ab 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/query.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/query.py
@@ -782,6 +782,7 @@ class GeoQuerySet(QuerySet):
         else:
             return self.query.get_compiler(self.db)._field_column(geo_field)
 
+
 class GeoValuesQuerySet(ValuesQuerySet):
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         super(GeoValuesQuerySet, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
@@ -790,5 +791,6 @@ class GeoValuesQuerySet(ValuesQuerySet):
         # of string values are returned with `values()` or `values_list()`.
         self.query.geo_values = True
 
+
 class GeoValuesListQuerySet(GeoValuesQuerySet, ValuesListQuerySet):
     pass
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/aggregates.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/aggregates.py
index a3a8f1258d..07c3ddd2e5 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/aggregates.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/aggregates.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from django.db.models.sql.aggregates import *
 from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import GeometryField
 
+
 class GeoAggregate(Aggregate):
     # Default SQL template for spatial aggregates.
     sql_template = '%(function)s(%(field)s)'
@@ -46,17 +47,22 @@ class GeoAggregate(Aggregate):
 
         return sql_template % substitutions, params
 
+
 class Collect(GeoAggregate):
     pass
 
+
 class Extent(GeoAggregate):
     is_extent = '2D'
 
+
 class Extent3D(GeoAggregate):
     is_extent = '3D'
 
+
 class MakeLine(GeoAggregate):
     pass
 
+
 class Union(GeoAggregate):
     pass
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/compiler.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/compiler.py
index 4cf52207f3..21fb57a417 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/compiler.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/compiler.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from django.utils import timezone
 
 SQLCompiler = compiler.SQLCompiler
 
+
 class GeoSQLCompiler(compiler.SQLCompiler):
 
     def get_columns(self, with_aliases=False):
@@ -249,18 +250,23 @@ class GeoSQLCompiler(compiler.SQLCompiler):
         return "%s.%s" % (self.quote_name_unless_alias(table_alias),
                           self.connection.ops.quote_name(column or field.column))
 
+
 class SQLInsertCompiler(compiler.SQLInsertCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
     pass
 
+
 class SQLDeleteCompiler(compiler.SQLDeleteCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
     pass
 
+
 class SQLUpdateCompiler(compiler.SQLUpdateCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
     pass
 
+
 class SQLAggregateCompiler(compiler.SQLAggregateCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
     pass
 
+
 class SQLDateCompiler(compiler.SQLDateCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
     """
     This is overridden for GeoDjango to properly cast date columns, since
@@ -286,6 +292,7 @@ class SQLDateCompiler(compiler.SQLDateCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
                     date = date.date()
                 yield date
 
+
 class SQLDateTimeCompiler(compiler.SQLDateTimeCompiler, GeoSQLCompiler):
     """
     This is overridden for GeoDjango to properly cast date columns, since
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/conversion.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/conversion.py
index 7f1b914baa..ee4f0e9e33 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/conversion.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/conversion.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ This module holds simple classes used by GeoQuery.convert_values
 to convert geospatial values from the database.
 """
 
+
 class BaseField(object):
     empty_strings_allowed = True
 
@@ -10,16 +11,19 @@ class BaseField(object):
         "Overloaded method so OracleQuery.convert_values doesn't balk."
         return None
 
+
 class AreaField(BaseField):
     "Wrapper for Area values."
     def __init__(self, area_att):
         self.area_att = area_att
 
+
 class DistanceField(BaseField):
     "Wrapper for Distance values."
     def __init__(self, distance_att):
         self.distance_att = distance_att
 
+
 class GeomField(BaseField):
     """
     Wrapper for Geometry values.  It is a lightweight alternative to
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/query.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/query.py
index b789174525..3923bf460e 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/query.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/query.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ ALL_TERMS = set([
 ])
 ALL_TERMS.update(sql.constants.QUERY_TERMS)
 
+
 class GeoQuery(sql.Query):
     """
     A single spatial SQL query.
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/where.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/where.py
index 7a9e098b91..3a504274b6 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/where.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/where.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from django.db.models.sql.expressions import SQLEvaluator
 from django.db.models.sql.where import Constraint, WhereNode
 from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import GeometryField
 
+
 class GeoConstraint(Constraint):
     """
     This subclass overrides `process` to better handle geographic SQL
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ class GeoConstraint(Constraint):
         params = self.field.get_db_prep_lookup(lookup_type, value, connection=connection)
         return (self.alias, self.col, db_type), params
 
+
 class GeoWhereNode(WhereNode):
     """
     Used to represent the SQL where-clause for spatial databases --
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/feeds.py b/django/contrib/gis/feeds.py
index 1482064fe2..7e7b872df6 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/feeds.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/feeds.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.contrib.syndication.views import Feed as BaseFeed
 from django.utils.feedgenerator import Atom1Feed, Rss201rev2Feed
 
+
 class GeoFeedMixin(object):
     """
     This mixin provides the necessary routines for SyndicationFeed subclasses
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ class GeoFeedMixin(object):
                     else:
                         raise ValueError('Geometry type "%s" not supported.' % geom.geom_type)
 
+
 ### SyndicationFeed subclasses ###
 class GeoRSSFeed(Rss201rev2Feed, GeoFeedMixin):
     def rss_attributes(self):
@@ -94,6 +96,7 @@ class GeoRSSFeed(Rss201rev2Feed, GeoFeedMixin):
         super(GeoRSSFeed, self).add_root_elements(handler)
         self.add_georss_element(handler, self.feed)
 
+
 class GeoAtom1Feed(Atom1Feed, GeoFeedMixin):
     def root_attributes(self):
         attrs = super(GeoAtom1Feed, self).root_attributes()
@@ -108,6 +111,7 @@ class GeoAtom1Feed(Atom1Feed, GeoFeedMixin):
         super(GeoAtom1Feed, self).add_root_elements(handler)
         self.add_georss_element(handler, self.feed)
 
+
 class W3CGeoFeed(Rss201rev2Feed, GeoFeedMixin):
     def rss_attributes(self):
         attrs = super(W3CGeoFeed, self).rss_attributes()
@@ -122,6 +126,7 @@ class W3CGeoFeed(Rss201rev2Feed, GeoFeedMixin):
         super(W3CGeoFeed, self).add_root_elements(handler)
         self.add_georss_element(handler, self.feed, w3c_geo=True)
 
+
 ### Feed subclass ###
 class Feed(BaseFeed):
     """
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/base.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/base.py
index ac9b8c0a2a..7405810496 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/base.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/base.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from ctypes import c_void_p
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.error import GDALException
 from django.utils import six
 
+
 class GDALBase(object):
     """
     Base object for GDAL objects that has a pointer access property
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/datasource.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/datasource.py
index 0d7f78a735..864f50af52 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/datasource.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/datasource.py
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_text
 from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.six.moves import xrange
 
+
 # For more information, see the OGR C API source code:
 #  http://www.gdal.org/ogr/ogr__api_8h.html
 #
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/driver.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/driver.py
index 015785b8d1..58f736b1a3 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/driver.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/driver.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from django.contrib.gis.gdal.prototypes import ds as capi
 from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes
 
+
 # For more information, see the OGR C API source code:
 #  http://www.gdal.org/ogr/ogr__api_8h.html
 #
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/envelope.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/envelope.py
index 9774f686e7..30da4a7c82 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/envelope.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/envelope.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 from ctypes import Structure, c_double
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.error import OGRException
 
+
 # The OGR definition of an Envelope is a C structure containing four doubles.
 #  See the 'ogr_core.h' source file for more information:
 #   http://www.gdal.org/ogr/ogr__core_8h-source.html
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ class OGREnvelope(Structure):
                 ("MaxY", c_double),
                 ]
 
+
 class Envelope(object):
     """
     The Envelope object is a C structure that contains the minimum and
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/error.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/error.py
index 968b7f74aa..5feef41873 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/error.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/error.py
@@ -3,16 +3,20 @@
  check_err() routine which checks the status code returned by
  OGR methods.
 """
+
 #### OGR & SRS Exceptions ####
 class GDALException(Exception):
     pass
 
+
 class OGRException(Exception):
     pass
 
+
 class SRSException(Exception):
     pass
 
+
 class OGRIndexError(OGRException, KeyError):
     """
     This exception is raised when an invalid index is encountered, and has
@@ -37,6 +41,7 @@ OGRERR_DICT = {
 }
 OGRERR_NONE = 0
 
+
 def check_err(code):
     "Checks the given OGRERR, and raises an exception where appropriate."
 
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/feature.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/feature.py
index a664be1598..d020b34488 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/feature.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/feature.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_text
 from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.six.moves import xrange
 
+
 # For more information, see the OGR C API source code:
 #  http://www.gdal.org/ogr/ogr__api_8h.html
 #
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/field.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/field.py
index 7c46226ad6..dd60f3b953 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/field.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/field.py
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ class Field(GDALBase):
         "Returns the width of this Field."
         return capi.get_field_width(self.ptr)
 
+
 ### The Field sub-classes for each OGR Field type. ###
 class OFTInteger(Field):
     _double = False
@@ -125,22 +126,27 @@ class OFTInteger(Field):
         """
         return 0
 
+
 class OFTReal(Field):
     @property
     def value(self):
         "Returns a float contained in this field."
         return self.as_double()
 
+
 # String & Binary fields, just subclasses
 class OFTString(Field):
     pass
 
+
 class OFTWideString(Field):
     pass
 
+
 class OFTBinary(Field):
     pass
 
+
 # OFTDate, OFTTime, OFTDateTime fields.
 class OFTDate(Field):
     @property
@@ -152,6 +158,7 @@ class OFTDate(Field):
         except (ValueError, OGRException):
             return None
 
+
 class OFTDateTime(Field):
     @property
     def value(self):
@@ -166,6 +173,7 @@ class OFTDateTime(Field):
         except (ValueError, OGRException):
             return None
 
+
 class OFTTime(Field):
     @property
     def value(self):
@@ -176,16 +184,20 @@ class OFTTime(Field):
         except (ValueError, OGRException):
             return None
 
+
 # List fields are also just subclasses
 class OFTIntegerList(Field):
     pass
 
+
 class OFTRealList(Field):
     pass
 
+
 class OFTStringList(Field):
     pass
 
+
 class OFTWideStringList(Field):
     pass
 
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/geometries.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/geometries.py
index 74a4e94450..98ae5a1108 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/geometries.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/geometries.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ from django.utils.six.moves import xrange
 #
 # The OGR_G_* routines are relevant here.
 
-#### OGRGeometry Class ####
+
 class OGRGeometry(GDALBase):
     "Generally encapsulates an OGR geometry."
 
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/layer.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/layer.py
index 226013540c..1fe5f52fb5 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/layer.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/layer.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_text
 from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.six.moves import xrange
 
+
 # For more information, see the OGR C API source code:
 #  http://www.gdal.org/ogr/ogr__api_8h.html
 #
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/srs.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/srs.py
index 0e5767967a..2c05bfb943 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/srs.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/srs.py
@@ -328,6 +328,7 @@ class SpatialReference(GDALBase):
         "Returns the XML representation of this Spatial Reference."
         return capi.to_xml(self.ptr, byref(c_char_p()), dialect)
 
+
 class CoordTransform(GDALBase):
     "The coordinate system transformation object."
 
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/geoip/base.py b/django/contrib/gis/geoip/base.py
index c4188d8819..05e3b5c268 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/geoip/base.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/geoip/base.py
@@ -17,10 +17,12 @@ from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes
 free_regex = re.compile(r'^GEO-\d{3}FREE')
 lite_regex = re.compile(r'^GEO-\d{3}LITE')
 
+
 #### GeoIP classes ####
 class GeoIPException(Exception):
     pass
 
+
 class GeoIP(object):
     # The flags for GeoIP memory caching.
     # GEOIP_STANDARD - read database from filesystem, uses least memory.
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/geos/base.py b/django/contrib/gis/geos/base.py
index 1d44e0a8b6..ff54fe6695 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/geos/base.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/geos/base.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     numpy = False
 
+
 class GEOSBase(object):
     """
     Base object for GEOS objects that has a pointer access property
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/geos/io.py b/django/contrib/gis/geos/io.py
index 1c13d365f7..97c4016865 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/geos/io.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/geos/io.py
@@ -6,12 +6,14 @@ reader and writer classes.
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometry
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.prototypes.io import _WKTReader, _WKBReader, WKBWriter, WKTWriter
 
+
 # Public classes for (WKB|WKT)Reader, which return GEOSGeometry
 class WKBReader(_WKBReader):
     def read(self, wkb):
         "Returns a GEOSGeometry for the given WKB buffer."
         return GEOSGeometry(super(WKBReader, self).read(wkb))
 
+
 class WKTReader(_WKTReader):
     def read(self, wkt):
         "Returns a GEOSGeometry for the given WKT string."
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/geos/mutable_list.py b/django/contrib/gis/geos/mutable_list.py
index 87ae6dd8f3..08ebb0a8e7 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/geos/mutable_list.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/geos/mutable_list.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from django.utils.functional import total_ordering
 from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.six.moves import xrange
 
+
 @total_ordering
 class ListMixin(object):
     """
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/geos/polygon.py b/django/contrib/gis/geos/polygon.py
index 0da90e3a19..ef8eb27de5 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/geos/polygon.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/geos/polygon.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from django.contrib.gis.geos import prototypes as capi
 from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.six.moves import xrange
 
+
 class Polygon(GEOSGeometry):
     _minlength = 1
 
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/geos/prepared.py b/django/contrib/gis/geos/prepared.py
index d414d8ddf6..a6a205da5e 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/geos/prepared.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/geos/prepared.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from django.contrib.gis.geos.base import GEOSBase
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometry
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.prototypes import prepared as capi
 
+
 class PreparedGeometry(GEOSBase):
     """
     A geometry that is prepared for performing certain operations.
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/measure.py b/django/contrib/gis/measure.py
index 82d75e0cef..0343211495 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/measure.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/measure.py
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ from django.utils import six
 NUMERIC_TYPES = six.integer_types + (float, Decimal)
 AREA_PREFIX = "sq_"
 
+
 def pretty_name(obj):
     return obj.__name__ if obj.__class__ == type else obj.__class__.__name__
 
@@ -218,6 +219,7 @@ class MeasureBase(object):
         else:
             raise Exception('Could not find a unit keyword associated with "%s"' % unit_str)
 
+
 class Distance(MeasureBase):
     STANDARD_UNIT = "m"
     UNITS = {
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/shortcuts.py b/django/contrib/gis/shortcuts.py
index 85f9bfd0c0..a530228e84 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/shortcuts.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/shortcuts.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from django.http import HttpResponse
 from django.template import loader
 
+
 def compress_kml(kml):
     "Returns compressed KMZ from the given KML string."
     kmz = BytesIO()
@@ -14,11 +15,13 @@ def compress_kml(kml):
     kmz.seek(0)
     return kmz.read()
 
+
 def render_to_kml(*args, **kwargs):
     "Renders the response as KML (using the correct MIME type)."
     return HttpResponse(loader.render_to_string(*args, **kwargs),
         content_type='application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml')
 
+
 def render_to_kmz(*args, **kwargs):
     """
     Compresses the KML content and returns as KMZ (using the correct
@@ -27,6 +30,7 @@ def render_to_kmz(*args, **kwargs):
     return HttpResponse(compress_kml(loader.render_to_string(*args, **kwargs)),
         content_type='application/vnd.google-earth.kmz')
 
+
 def render_to_text(*args, **kwargs):
     "Renders the response using the MIME type for plain text."
     return HttpResponse(loader.render_to_string(*args, **kwargs),
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/sitemaps/georss.py b/django/contrib/gis/sitemaps/georss.py
index 5201de913b..effa06f98e 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/sitemaps/georss.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/sitemaps/georss.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from django.core import urlresolvers
 from django.contrib.sitemaps import Sitemap
 
+
 class GeoRSSSitemap(Sitemap):
     """
     A minimal hook to produce sitemaps for GeoRSS feeds.
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/sitemaps/kml.py b/django/contrib/gis/sitemaps/kml.py
index 68e2ffd7d9..5e74c6c47d 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/sitemaps/kml.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/sitemaps/kml.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from django.contrib.sitemaps import Sitemap
 from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import GeometryField
 from django.db import models
 
+
 class KMLSitemap(Sitemap):
     """
     A minimal hook to produce KML sitemaps.
@@ -60,5 +61,7 @@ class KMLSitemap(Sitemap):
                                             'field_name': obj[2],
                                             }
                                     )
+
+
 class KMZSitemap(KMLSitemap):
     geo_format = 'kmz'
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/sitemaps/views.py b/django/contrib/gis/sitemaps/views.py
index dac63658e6..5dc3bc9273 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/sitemaps/views.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/sitemaps/views.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _
 
 from django.contrib.gis.shortcuts import render_to_kml, render_to_kmz
 
+
 def index(request, sitemaps):
     """
     This view generates a sitemap index that uses the proper view
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/tests/test_measure.py b/django/contrib/gis/tests/test_measure.py
index 5e0db3f913..58a1af0bf1 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/tests/test_measure.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/tests/test_measure.py
@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@ class DistanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         for nm, att in unit_tuple:
             self.assertEqual(att, D.unit_attname(nm))
 
+
 class AreaTest(unittest.TestCase):
     "Testing the Area object"
 
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/tests/utils.py b/django/contrib/gis/tests/utils.py
index e6433e6489..a53b9a3564 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/tests/utils.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/tests/utils.py
@@ -14,17 +14,21 @@ def no_backend(test_func, backend):
     else:
         return test_func
 
+
 # Decorators to disable entire test functions for specific
 # spatial backends.
 def no_oracle(func):
     return no_backend(func, 'oracle')
 
+
 def no_postgis(func):
     return no_backend(func, 'postgis')
 
+
 def no_mysql(func):
     return no_backend(func, 'mysql')
 
+
 def no_spatialite(func):
     return no_backend(func, 'spatialite')
 
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/views.py b/django/contrib/gis/views.py
index 3fa8f044de..cc6844ba48 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/views.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/views.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.http import Http404
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _
 
+
 def feed(request, url, feed_dict=None):
     """Provided for backwards compatibility."""
     if not feed_dict:
diff --git a/django/contrib/sites/management.py b/django/contrib/sites/management.py
index a4a0090dab..7dec568fa4 100644
--- a/django/contrib/sites/management.py
+++ b/django/contrib/sites/management.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from django.contrib.sites.models import Site
 from django.contrib.sites import models as site_app
 from django.core.management.color import no_style
 
+
 def create_default_site(app, created_models, verbosity, db, **kwargs):
     # Only create the default sites in databases where Django created the table
     if Site in created_models and router.allow_migrate(db, Site):
diff --git a/django/contrib/staticfiles/handlers.py b/django/contrib/staticfiles/handlers.py
index e036f6b141..3fe0c9da26 100644
--- a/django/contrib/staticfiles/handlers.py
+++ b/django/contrib/staticfiles/handlers.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from django.utils.six.moves.urllib.request import url2pathname
 from django.contrib.staticfiles import utils
 from django.contrib.staticfiles.views import serve
 
+
 class StaticFilesHandler(WSGIHandler):
     """
     WSGI middleware that intercepts calls to the static files directory, as
diff --git a/django/contrib/staticfiles/urls.py b/django/contrib/staticfiles/urls.py
index 04062c1162..4a0feeaaf8 100644
--- a/django/contrib/staticfiles/urls.py
+++ b/django/contrib/staticfiles/urls.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from django.conf.urls.static import static
 
 urlpatterns = []
 
+
 def staticfiles_urlpatterns(prefix=None):
     """
     Helper function to return a URL pattern for serving static files.