Fixed #24743, #24745 -- Optimized migration plan handling

The change partly goes back to the old behavior for forwards migrations
which should reduce the amount of memory consumption (#24745). However,
by the way the current state computation is done (there is no
`state_backwards` on a migration class) this change cannot be applied to
backwards migrations. Hence rolling back migrations still requires the
precomputation and storage of the intermediate migration states.

This improvement also implies that Django does not handle mixed
migration plans anymore. Mixed plans consist of a list of migrations
where some are being applied and others are being unapplied.

Thanks Andrew Godwin, Josh Smeaton and Tim Graham for the review as well
as everybody involved on the ticket that kept me looking into the issue.

django/db/migrations/exceptions.py

@@ -58,3 +58,7 @@ class NodeNotFoundError(LookupError):
 
 class MigrationSchemaMissing(DatabaseError):
     pass
+
+
+class InvalidMigrationPlan(ValueError):
+    pass

django/db/migrations/executor.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.apps.registry import apps as global_apps
 from django.db import migrations
 
+from .exceptions import InvalidMigrationPlan
 from .loader import MigrationLoader
 from .recorder import MigrationRecorder
 from .state import ProjectState
@@ -71,46 +72,95 @@ class MigrationExecutor(object):
         """
         if plan is None:
             plan = self.migration_plan(targets)
-        migrations_to_run = {m[0] for m in plan}
         # Create the forwards plan Django would follow on an empty database
         full_plan = self.migration_plan(self.loader.graph.leaf_nodes(), clean_start=True)
-        # Holds all states right before a migration is applied
+
-        # if the migration is being run.
+        all_forwards = all(not backwards for mig, backwards in plan)
+        all_backwards = all(backwards for mig, backwards in plan)
+
+        if not plan:
+            pass  # Nothing to do for an empty plan
+        elif all_forwards == all_backwards:
+            # This should only happen if there's a mixed plan
+            raise InvalidMigrationPlan(
+                "Migration plans with both forwards and backwards migrations "
+                "are not supported. Please split your migration process into "
+                "separate plans of only forwards OR backwards migrations.",
+                plan
+            )
+        elif all_forwards:
+            self._migrate_all_forwards(plan, full_plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
+        else:
+            # No need to check for `elif all_backwards` here, as that condition
+            # would always evaluate to true.
+            self._migrate_all_backwards(plan, full_plan, fake=fake)
+
+        self.check_replacements()
+
+    def _migrate_all_forwards(self, plan, full_plan, fake, fake_initial):
+        """
+        Take a list of 2-tuples of the form (migration instance, False) and
+        apply them in the order they occur in the full_plan.
+        """
+        migrations_to_run = {m[0] for m in plan}
+        state = ProjectState(real_apps=list(self.loader.unmigrated_apps))
+        for migration, _ in full_plan:
+            if not migrations_to_run:
+                # We remove every migration that we applied from this set so
+                # that we can bail out once the last migration has been applied
+                # and don't always run until the very end of the migration
+                # process.
+                break
+            if migration in migrations_to_run:
+                if 'apps' not in state.__dict__:
+                    if self.progress_callback:
+                        self.progress_callback("render_start")
+                    state.apps  # Render all -- performance critical
+                    if self.progress_callback:
+                        self.progress_callback("render_success")
+                state = self.apply_migration(state, migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
+                migrations_to_run.remove(migration)
+            else:
+                migration.mutate_state(state, preserve=False)
+
+    def _migrate_all_backwards(self, plan, full_plan, fake):
+        """
+        Take a list of 2-tuples of the form (migration instance, True) and
+        unapply them in reverse order they occur in the full_plan.
+
+        Since unapplying a migration requires the project state prior to that
+        migration, Django will compute the migration states before each of them
+        in a first run over the plan and then unapply them in a second run over
+        the plan.
+        """
+        migrations_to_run = {m[0] for m in plan}
+        # Holds all migration states prior to the migrations being unapplied
         states = {}
         state = ProjectState(real_apps=list(self.loader.unmigrated_apps))
         if self.progress_callback:
             self.progress_callback("render_start")
-        # Phase 1 -- Store all project states of migrations right before they
-        # are applied. The first migration that will be applied in phase 2 will
-        # trigger the rendering of the initial project state. From this time on
-        # models will be recursively reloaded as explained in
-        # `django.db.migrations.state.get_related_models_recursive()`.
         for migration, _ in full_plan:
             if not migrations_to_run:
-                # We remove every migration whose state was already computed
+                # We remove every migration that we applied from this set so
-                # from the set below (`migrations_to_run.remove(migration)`).
+                # that we can bail out once the last migration has been applied
-                # If no states for migrations must be computed, we can exit
+                # and don't always run until the very end of the migration
-                # this loop. Migrations that occur after the latest migration
+                # process.
-                # that is about to be applied would only trigger unneeded
-                # mutate_state() calls.
                 break
-            do_run = migration in migrations_to_run
+            if migration in migrations_to_run:
-            if do_run:
                 if 'apps' not in state.__dict__:
-                    state.apps  # Render all real_apps -- performance critical
+                    state.apps  # Render all -- performance critical
-                states[migration] = state.clone()
+                # The state before this migration
+                states[migration] = state
+                # The old state keeps as-is, we continue with the new state
+                state = migration.mutate_state(state, preserve=True)
                 migrations_to_run.remove(migration)
-            # Only preserve the state if the migration is being run later
+            else:
-            state = migration.mutate_state(state, preserve=do_run)
+                migration.mutate_state(state, preserve=False)
         if self.progress_callback:
             self.progress_callback("render_success")
-        # Phase 2 -- Run the migrations
+
-        for migration, backwards in plan:
+        for migration, _ in plan:
-            if not backwards:
-                self.apply_migration(states[migration], migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
-            else:
             self.unapply_migration(states[migration], migration, fake=fake)
-        self.check_replacements()
 
     def collect_sql(self, plan):
         """

docs/releases/1.9.txt

@@ -458,6 +458,21 @@ Migrations
 * When supplying ``None`` as a value in :setting:`MIGRATION_MODULES`, Django
   will consider the app an app without migrations.
 
+* When applying migrations, the "Rendering model states" step that's displayed
+  when running migrate with verbosity 2 or higher now computes only the states
+  for the migrations that have already been applied. The model states for
+  migrations being applied are generated on demand, drastically reducing the
+  amount of required memory.
+
+  However, this improvement is not available when unapplying migrations and
+  therefore still requires the precomputation and storage of the intermediate
+  migration states.
+
+  This improvement also requires that Django no longer supports mixed migration
+  plans. Mixed plans consist of a list of migrations where some are being
+  applied and others are being unapplied. This was never officially supported
+  and never had a public API that supports this behavior.
+
 Models
 ^^^^^^
 
@@ -1094,6 +1109,10 @@ Miscellaneous
 * The system checks for :class:`~django.contrib.admin.ModelAdmin` now check
   instances rather than classes.
 
+* The private API to apply mixed migration plans has been dropped for
+  performance reasons. Mixed plans consist of a list of migrations where some
+  are being applied and others are being unapplied.
+
 .. _deprecated-features-1.9:
 
 Features deprecated in 1.9

docs/spelling_wordlist

@@ -580,6 +580,7 @@ postgresql
 pq
 pre
 precisions
+precomputation
 preconfigured
 prefetch
 prefetched

tests/migrations/test_executor.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from django.apps.registry import apps as global_apps
 from django.db import connection
+from django.db.migrations.exceptions import InvalidMigrationPlan
 from django.db.migrations.executor import MigrationExecutor
 from django.db.migrations.graph import MigrationGraph
 from django.db.migrations.recorder import MigrationRecorder
@@ -145,6 +146,64 @@ class ExecutorTests(MigrationTestBase):
         executor.recorder.record_unapplied("migrations", "0002_second")
         executor.recorder.record_unapplied("migrations", "0001_initial")
 
+    @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={
+        "migrations": "migrations.test_migrations",
+        "migrations2": "migrations2.test_migrations_2_no_deps",
+    })
+    def test_mixed_plan_not_supported(self):
+        """
+        Although the MigrationExecutor interfaces allows for mixed migration
+        plans (combined forwards and backwards migrations) this is not
+        supported.
+        """
+        # Prepare for mixed plan
+        executor = MigrationExecutor(connection)
+        plan = executor.migration_plan([("migrations", "0002_second")])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            plan,
+            [
+                (executor.loader.graph.nodes["migrations", "0001_initial"], False),
+                (executor.loader.graph.nodes["migrations", "0002_second"], False),
+            ],
+        )
+        executor.migrate(None, plan)
+        # Rebuild the graph to reflect the new DB state
+        executor.loader.build_graph()
+        self.assertIn(('migrations', '0001_initial'), executor.loader.applied_migrations)
+        self.assertIn(('migrations', '0002_second'), executor.loader.applied_migrations)
+        self.assertNotIn(('migrations2', '0001_initial'), executor.loader.applied_migrations)
+
+        # Generate mixed plan
+        plan = executor.migration_plan([
+            ("migrations", None),
+            ("migrations2", "0001_initial"),
+        ])
+        msg = (
+            'Migration plans with both forwards and backwards migrations are '
+            'not supported. Please split your migration process into separate '
+            'plans of only forwards OR backwards migrations.'
+        )
+        with self.assertRaisesMessage(InvalidMigrationPlan, msg) as cm:
+            executor.migrate(None, plan)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            cm.exception.args[1],
+            [
+                (executor.loader.graph.nodes["migrations", "0002_second"], True),
+                (executor.loader.graph.nodes["migrations", "0001_initial"], True),
+                (executor.loader.graph.nodes["migrations2", "0001_initial"], False),
+            ],
+        )
+        # Rebuild the graph to reflect the new DB state
+        executor.loader.build_graph()
+        executor.migrate([
+            ("migrations", None),
+            ("migrations2", None),
+        ])
+        # Are the tables gone?
+        self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_author")
+        self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_book")
+        self.assertTableNotExists("migrations2_otherauthor")
+
     @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={"migrations": "migrations.test_migrations"})
     def test_soft_apply(self):
         """

tests/migrations2/test_migrations_2_no_deps/0001_initial.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from django.db import migrations, models
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = []
+
+    operations = [
+
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            "OtherAuthor",
+            [
+                ("id", models.AutoField(primary_key=True)),
+                ("name", models.CharField(max_length=255)),
+                ("slug", models.SlugField(null=True)),
+                ("age", models.IntegerField(default=0)),
+                ("silly_field", models.BooleanField(default=False)),
+            ],
+        ),
+
+    ]