diff --git a/django/shortcuts.py b/django/shortcuts.py
index 8ff39c08ba..b5f20b832c 100644
--- a/django/shortcuts.py
+++ b/django/shortcuts.py
@@ -10,63 +10,27 @@ from django.db.models.query import QuerySet
 from django.http import (
     Http404, HttpResponse, HttpResponsePermanentRedirect, HttpResponseRedirect,
 )
-from django.template import RequestContext, loader
-from django.template.engine import (
-    _context_instance_undefined, _dictionary_undefined
-)
+from django.template import loader
 from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from django.utils.functional import Promise
 
 
-def render_to_response(template_name, context=None,
-                       context_instance=_context_instance_undefined,
-                       content_type=None, status=None,
-                       dictionary=_dictionary_undefined, using=None):
+def render_to_response(template_name, context=None, content_type=None, status=None, using=None):
     """
     Returns a HttpResponse whose content is filled with the result of calling
     django.template.loader.render_to_string() with the passed arguments.
     """
-    if (context_instance is _context_instance_undefined
-            and dictionary is _dictionary_undefined):
-        # No deprecated arguments were passed - use the new code path
-        content = loader.render_to_string(template_name, context, using=using)
-
-    else:
-        # Some deprecated arguments were passed - use the legacy code path
-        content = loader.render_to_string(
-            template_name, context, context_instance, dictionary,
-            using=using)
-
+    content = loader.render_to_string(template_name, context, using=using)
     return HttpResponse(content, content_type, status)
 
 
-def render(request, template_name, context=None,
-           context_instance=_context_instance_undefined,
-           content_type=None, status=None,
-           dictionary=_dictionary_undefined,
-           using=None):
+def render(request, template_name, context=None, content_type=None, status=None, using=None):
     """
     Returns a HttpResponse whose content is filled with the result of calling
     django.template.loader.render_to_string() with the passed arguments.
-    Uses a RequestContext by default.
     """
-    if (context_instance is _context_instance_undefined
-            and dictionary is _dictionary_undefined):
-        # No deprecated arguments were passed - use the new code path
-        # In Django 1.10, request should become a positional argument.
-        content = loader.render_to_string(
-            template_name, context, request=request, using=using)
-    else:
-        # Some deprecated arguments were passed - use the legacy code path
-        if context_instance is not _context_instance_undefined:
-            pass
-        else:
-            context_instance = RequestContext(request)
-        content = loader.render_to_string(
-            template_name, context, context_instance, dictionary,
-            using=using)
-
+    content = loader.render_to_string(template_name, context, request, using=using)
     return HttpResponse(content, content_type, status)
 
 
diff --git a/django/template/engine.py b/django/template/engine.py
index 2761a70400..ec89b8d7ef 100644
--- a/django/template/engine.py
+++ b/django/template/engine.py
@@ -11,9 +11,6 @@ from .context import _builtin_context_processors
 from .exceptions import TemplateDoesNotExist
 from .library import import_library
 
-_context_instance_undefined = object()
-_dictionary_undefined = object()
-
 
 class Engine(object):
     default_builtins = [
@@ -183,40 +180,17 @@ class Engine(object):
     # will be removed in Django 1.10. It's superseded by a new render_to_string
     # function in django.template.loader.
 
-    def render_to_string(self, template_name, context=None,
-                         context_instance=_context_instance_undefined,
-                         dictionary=_dictionary_undefined):
-        if context_instance is _context_instance_undefined:
-            context_instance = None
-        else:
-            warnings.warn(
-                "The context_instance argument of render_to_string is "
-                "deprecated.", RemovedInDjango110Warning, stacklevel=2)
-        if dictionary is _dictionary_undefined:
-            dictionary = None
-        else:
-            warnings.warn(
-                "The dictionary argument of render_to_string was renamed to "
-                "context.", RemovedInDjango110Warning, stacklevel=2)
-            context = dictionary
-
+    def render_to_string(self, template_name, context=None):
         if isinstance(template_name, (list, tuple)):
             t = self.select_template(template_name)
         else:
             t = self.get_template(template_name)
-        if not context_instance:
-            # Django < 1.8 accepted a Context in `context` even though that's
-            # unintended. Preserve this ability but don't rewrap `context`.
-            if isinstance(context, Context):
-                return t.render(context)
-            else:
-                return t.render(Context(context))
-        if not context:
-            return t.render(context_instance)
-        # Add the context to the context stack, ensuring it gets removed again
-        # to keep the context_instance in the same state it started in.
-        with context_instance.push(context):
-            return t.render(context_instance)
+        # Django < 1.8 accepted a Context in `context` even though that's
+        # unintended. Preserve this ability but don't rewrap `context`.
+        if isinstance(context, Context):
+            return t.render(context)
+        else:
+            return t.render(Context(context))
 
     def select_template(self, template_name_list):
         """
diff --git a/django/template/loader.py b/django/template/loader.py
index d0ac9f6494..83ac24d6c8 100644
--- a/django/template/loader.py
+++ b/django/template/loader.py
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@ import warnings
 from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango110Warning
 
 from . import engines
-from .backends.django import DjangoTemplates
-from .engine import _context_instance_undefined, _dictionary_undefined
 from .exceptions import TemplateDoesNotExist
 from .loaders import base
 
@@ -49,60 +47,17 @@ def select_template(template_name_list, using=None):
         raise TemplateDoesNotExist("No template names provided")
 
 
-def render_to_string(template_name, context=None,
-                     context_instance=_context_instance_undefined,
-                     dictionary=_dictionary_undefined,
-                     request=None, using=None):
+def render_to_string(template_name, context=None, request=None, using=None):
     """
     Loads a template and renders it with a context. Returns a string.
 
     template_name may be a string or a list of strings.
     """
-    if (context_instance is _context_instance_undefined
-            and dictionary is _dictionary_undefined):
-        # No deprecated arguments were passed - use the new code path
-        if isinstance(template_name, (list, tuple)):
-            template = select_template(template_name, using=using)
-        else:
-            template = get_template(template_name, using=using)
-        return template.render(context, request)
-
+    if isinstance(template_name, (list, tuple)):
+        template = select_template(template_name, using=using)
     else:
-        chain = []
-        # Some deprecated arguments were passed - use the legacy code path
-        for engine in _engine_list(using):
-            try:
-                # This is required for deprecating properly arguments specific
-                # to Django templates. Remove Engine.render_to_string() at the
-                # same time as this code path in Django 1.10.
-                if isinstance(engine, DjangoTemplates):
-                    if request is not None:
-                        raise ValueError(
-                            "render_to_string doesn't support the request argument "
-                            "when some deprecated arguments are passed.")
-                    # Hack -- use the internal Engine instance of DjangoTemplates.
-                    return engine.engine.render_to_string(
-                        template_name, context, context_instance, dictionary)
-                elif context_instance is not _context_instance_undefined:
-                    warnings.warn(
-                        "Skipping template backend %s because its render_to_string "
-                        "method doesn't support the context_instance argument." %
-                        engine.name, stacklevel=2)
-                elif dictionary is not _dictionary_undefined:
-                    warnings.warn(
-                        "Skipping template backend %s because its render_to_string "
-                        "method doesn't support the dictionary argument." %
-                        engine.name, stacklevel=2)
-            except TemplateDoesNotExist as e:
-                chain.append(e)
-                continue
-
-        if template_name:
-            if isinstance(template_name, (list, tuple)):
-                template_name = ', '.join(template_name)
-            raise TemplateDoesNotExist(template_name, chain=chain)
-        else:
-            raise TemplateDoesNotExist("No template names provided")
+        template = get_template(template_name, using=using)
+    return template.render(context, request)
 
 
 def _engine_list(using=None):
diff --git a/docs/topics/http/shortcuts.txt b/docs/topics/http/shortcuts.txt
index 03562aaf89..4ed7159de6 100644
--- a/docs/topics/http/shortcuts.txt
+++ b/docs/topics/http/shortcuts.txt
@@ -15,14 +15,13 @@ introduce controlled coupling for convenience's sake.
 ``render``
 ==========
 
-.. function:: render(request, template_name, context=None, context_instance=_context_instance_undefined, content_type=None, status=None, using=None)
+.. function:: render(request, template_name, context=None, content_type=None, status=None, using=None)
 
    Combines a given template with a given context dictionary and returns an
    :class:`~django.http.HttpResponse` object with that rendered text.
 
-   :func:`render()` is the same as a call to
-   :func:`render_to_response()` with a ``context_instance`` argument that
-   forces the use of a :class:`~django.template.RequestContext`.
+   :func:`render()` is the same as a call to :func:`render_to_response()` but
+   it also makes the current request available in the template.
 
    Django does not provide a shortcut function which returns a
    :class:`~django.template.response.TemplateResponse` because the constructor
@@ -46,20 +45,6 @@ Optional arguments
     is an empty dictionary. If a value in the dictionary is callable, the
     view will call it just before rendering the template.
 
-    .. versionchanged:: 1.8
-
-       The ``context`` argument used to be called ``dictionary``. That name
-       is deprecated in Django 1.8 and will be removed in Django 1.10.
-
-``context_instance``
-    The context instance to render the template with. By default, the template
-    will be rendered with a ``RequestContext`` instance (filled with values from
-    ``request`` and ``context``).
-
-    .. deprecated:: 1.8
-
-       The ``context_instance`` argument is deprecated. Simply use ``context``.
-
 ``content_type``
     The MIME type to use for the resulting document. Defaults to the value of
     the :setting:`DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE` setting.
@@ -103,7 +88,7 @@ This example is equivalent to::
 ``render_to_response``
 ======================
 
-.. function:: render_to_response(template_name, context=None, context_instance=_context_instance_undefined, content_type=None, status=None, using=None)
+.. function:: render_to_response(template_name, context=None, content_type=None, status=None, using=None)
 
    Renders a given template with a given context dictionary and returns an
    :class:`~django.http.HttpResponse` object with that rendered text.
@@ -125,27 +110,6 @@ Optional arguments
     is an empty dictionary. If a value in the dictionary is callable, the
     view will call it just before rendering the template.
 
-    .. versionchanged:: 1.8
-
-       The ``context`` argument used to be called ``dictionary``. That name
-       is deprecated in Django 1.8 and will be removed in Django 1.10.
-
-``context_instance``
-    The context instance to render the template with. By default, the template
-    will be rendered with a :class:`~django.template.Context` instance (filled
-    with values from ``context``). If you need to use :ref:`context
-    processors <subclassing-context-requestcontext>`, render the template with
-    a :class:`~django.template.RequestContext` instance instead. Your code
-    might look something like this::
-
-        return render_to_response('my_template.html',
-                                  my_context,
-                                  context_instance=RequestContext(request))
-
-    .. deprecated:: 1.8
-
-       The ``context_instance`` argument is deprecated. Simply use ``context``.
-
 ``content_type``
     The MIME type to use for the resulting document. Defaults to the value of
     the :setting:`DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE` setting.
diff --git a/docs/topics/templates.txt b/docs/topics/templates.txt
index b8a537aa5d..af165b7052 100644
--- a/docs/topics/templates.txt
+++ b/docs/topics/templates.txt
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ the following templates:
 In addition, to cut down on the repetitive nature of loading and rendering
 templates, Django provides a shortcut function which automates the process.
 
-.. function:: render_to_string(template_name, context=None, context_instance=_context_instance_undefined, request=None, using=None)
+.. function:: render_to_string(template_name, context=None, request=None, using=None)
 
     ``render_to_string()`` loads a template like :func:`get_template` and
     calls its ``render()`` method immediately. It takes the following
@@ -275,24 +275,6 @@ templates, Django provides a shortcut function which automates the process.
     ``context``
         A :class:`dict` to be used as the template's context for rendering.
 
-        .. versionchanged:: 1.8
-
-            The ``context`` argument used to be called ``dictionary``. That name
-            is deprecated in Django 1.8 and will be removed in Django 1.10.
-
-            ``context`` is now optional. An empty context will be used if it
-            isn't provided.
-
-    ``context_instance``
-        An instance of :class:`~django.template.Context` or a subclass (e.g., an
-        instance of :class:`~django.template.RequestContext`) to use as the
-        template's context.
-
-        .. deprecated:: 1.8
-
-            The ``context_instance`` argument is deprecated. Use ``context`` and
-            if needed ``request``.
-
     ``request``
         An optional :class:`~django.http.HttpRequest` that will be available
         during the template's rendering process.
diff --git a/tests/shortcuts/tests.py b/tests/shortcuts/tests.py
index 9418424922..9712858c70 100644
--- a/tests/shortcuts/tests.py
+++ b/tests/shortcuts/tests.py
@@ -19,13 +19,6 @@ class ShortcutTests(SimpleTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
         self.assertEqual(response.content, b'FOO.BAR..\n')
 
-    @ignore_warnings(category=RemovedInDjango110Warning)
-    def test_render_to_response_with_request_context(self):
-        response = self.client.get('/render_to_response/request_context/')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
-        self.assertEqual(response.content, b'FOO.BAR../render_to_response/request_context/\n')
-        self.assertEqual(response['Content-Type'], 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
-
     def test_render_to_response_with_content_type(self):
         response = self.client.get('/render_to_response/content_type/')
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
@@ -68,13 +61,6 @@ class ShortcutTests(SimpleTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
         self.assertEqual(response.content, b'FOO.BAR../render/multiple_templates/\n')
 
-    @ignore_warnings(category=RemovedInDjango110Warning)
-    def test_render_with_base_context(self):
-        response = self.client.get('/render/base_context/')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
-        self.assertEqual(response.content, b'FOO.BAR..\n')
-        self.assertEqual(response['Content-Type'], 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
-
     def test_render_with_content_type(self):
         response = self.client.get('/render/content_type/')
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
diff --git a/tests/shortcuts/urls.py b/tests/shortcuts/urls.py
index 0c01ada37a..d3d68e3b29 100644
--- a/tests/shortcuts/urls.py
+++ b/tests/shortcuts/urls.py
@@ -5,14 +5,12 @@ from . import views
 urlpatterns = [
     url(r'^render_to_response/$', views.render_to_response_view),
     url(r'^render_to_response/multiple_templates/$', views.render_to_response_view_with_multiple_templates),
-    url(r'^render_to_response/request_context/$', views.render_to_response_view_with_request_context),
     url(r'^render_to_response/content_type/$', views.render_to_response_view_with_content_type),
     url(r'^render_to_response/status/$', views.render_to_response_view_with_status),
     url(r'^render_to_response/using/$', views.render_to_response_view_with_using),
     url(r'^render_to_response/context_instance_misuse/$', views.render_to_response_with_context_instance_misuse),
     url(r'^render/$', views.render_view),
     url(r'^render/multiple_templates/$', views.render_view_with_multiple_templates),
-    url(r'^render/base_context/$', views.render_view_with_base_context),
     url(r'^render/content_type/$', views.render_view_with_content_type),
     url(r'^render/status/$', views.render_view_with_status),
     url(r'^render/using/$', views.render_view_with_using),
diff --git a/tests/shortcuts/views.py b/tests/shortcuts/views.py
index e072e96b32..edacb23938 100644
--- a/tests/shortcuts/views.py
+++ b/tests/shortcuts/views.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from django.shortcuts import render, render_to_response
-from django.template import Context, RequestContext
+from django.template import RequestContext
 
 
 def render_to_response_view(request):
@@ -19,13 +19,6 @@ def render_to_response_view_with_multiple_templates(request):
     })
 
 
-def render_to_response_view_with_request_context(request):
-    return render_to_response('shortcuts/render_test.html', {
-        'foo': 'FOO',
-        'bar': 'BAR',
-    }, context_instance=RequestContext(request))
-
-
 def render_to_response_view_with_content_type(request):
     return render_to_response('shortcuts/render_test.html', {
         'foo': 'FOO',
@@ -72,13 +65,6 @@ def render_view_with_multiple_templates(request):
     })
 
 
-def render_view_with_base_context(request):
-    return render(request, 'shortcuts/render_test.html', {
-        'foo': 'FOO',
-        'bar': 'BAR',
-    }, context_instance=Context())
-
-
 def render_view_with_content_type(request):
     return render(request, 'shortcuts/render_test.html', {
         'foo': 'FOO',
diff --git a/tests/template_tests/test_engine.py b/tests/template_tests/test_engine.py
index d2c45b25a9..61ab7259ea 100644
--- a/tests/template_tests/test_engine.py
+++ b/tests/template_tests/test_engine.py
@@ -2,22 +2,17 @@ import os
 
 from django.template import Context
 from django.template.engine import Engine
-from django.test import SimpleTestCase, ignore_warnings
-from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango110Warning
+from django.test import SimpleTestCase
 
 from .utils import ROOT, TEMPLATE_DIR
 
 OTHER_DIR = os.path.join(ROOT, 'other_templates')
 
 
-@ignore_warnings(category=RemovedInDjango110Warning)
-class DeprecatedRenderToStringTest(SimpleTestCase):
+class RenderToStringTest(SimpleTestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
-        self.engine = Engine(
-            dirs=[TEMPLATE_DIR],
-            libraries={'custom': 'template_tests.templatetags.custom'},
-        )
+        self.engine = Engine(dirs=[TEMPLATE_DIR])
 
     def test_basic_context(self):
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -25,33 +20,6 @@ class DeprecatedRenderToStringTest(SimpleTestCase):
             'obj:test\n',
         )
 
-    def test_existing_context_kept_clean(self):
-        context = Context({'obj': 'before'})
-        output = self.engine.render_to_string(
-            'test_context.html', {'obj': 'after'}, context_instance=context,
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(output, 'obj:after\n')
-        self.assertEqual(context['obj'], 'before')
-
-    def test_no_empty_dict_pushed_to_stack(self):
-        """
-        #21741 -- An empty dict should not be pushed to the context stack when
-        render_to_string is called without a context argument.
-        """
-
-        # The stack should have a length of 1, corresponding to the builtins
-        self.assertEqual(
-            '1',
-            self.engine.render_to_string('test_context_stack.html').strip(),
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            '1',
-            self.engine.render_to_string(
-                'test_context_stack.html',
-                context_instance=Context()
-            ).strip(),
-        )
-
 
 class LoaderTests(SimpleTestCase):
 
diff --git a/tests/test_client_regress/tests.py b/tests/test_client_regress/tests.py
index 500c28f9ae..0e0892e4e4 100644
--- a/tests/test_client_regress/tests.py
+++ b/tests/test_client_regress/tests.py
@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ from django.test import (
 from django.test.client import RedirectCycleError, RequestFactory, encode_file
 from django.test.utils import ContextList, str_prefix
 from django.utils._os import upath
-from django.utils.deprecation import (
-    RemovedInDjango20Warning, RemovedInDjango110Warning,
-)
+from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango20Warning
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy
 
 from .models import CustomUser
@@ -1064,7 +1062,6 @@ class ContextTests(TestDataMixin, TestCase):
                           'python', 'dolly'},
                          l.keys())
 
-    @ignore_warnings(category=RemovedInDjango110Warning)
     def test_15368(self):
         # Need to insert a context processor that assumes certain things about
         # the request instance. This triggers a bug caused by some ways of
diff --git a/tests/test_client_regress/views.py b/tests/test_client_regress/views.py
index 6ba419833a..8470bb9935 100644
--- a/tests/test_client_regress/views.py
+++ b/tests/test_client_regress/views.py
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
 from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
 from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect, JsonResponse
-from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
-from django.template import RequestContext
+from django.shortcuts import render, render_to_response
 from django.template.loader import render_to_string
 from django.test import Client
 from django.test.client import CONTENT_TYPE_RE
@@ -152,7 +151,7 @@ def read_buffer(request):
 def request_context_view(request):
     # Special attribute that won't be present on a plain HttpRequest
     request.special_path = request.path
-    return render_to_response('request_context.html', context_instance=RequestContext(request, {}))
+    return render(request, 'request_context.html')
 
 
 def render_template_multiple_times(request):