diff --git a/django/core/files/base.py b/django/core/files/base.py
index 87fa8bc8ec..4ad0be4fd8 100644
--- a/django/core/files/base.py
+++ b/django/core/files/base.py
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ class ContentFile(File):
         super(ContentFile, self).__init__(BytesIO(content), name=name)
         self.size = len(content)
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __unicode__(self):
         return 'Raw content'
 
     def __bool__(self):
diff --git a/django/db/models/options.py b/django/db/models/options.py
index 2e8ccb49ce..9211a76b68 100644
--- a/django/db/models/options.py
+++ b/django/db/models/options.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 import re
 from bisect import bisect
 
@@ -8,7 +10,7 @@ from django.db.models.fields import AutoField, FieldDoesNotExist
 from django.db.models.fields.proxy import OrderWrt
 from django.db.models.loading import get_models, app_cache_ready
 from django.utils.translation import activate, deactivate_all, get_language, string_concat
-from django.utils.encoding import force_text, smart_bytes
+from django.utils.encoding import force_text, smart_text
 from django.utils.datastructures import SortedDict
 from django.utils import six
 
@@ -198,8 +200,8 @@ class Options(object):
     def __repr__(self):
         return '<Options for %s>' % self.object_name
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "%s.%s" % (smart_bytes(self.app_label), smart_bytes(self.module_name))
+    def __unicode__(self):
+        return "%s.%s" % (smart_text(self.app_label), smart_text(self.module_name))
 
     def verbose_name_raw(self):
         """
diff --git a/tests/modeltests/delete/models.py b/tests/modeltests/delete/models.py
index f8b78eb7b7..7e7766e824 100644
--- a/tests/modeltests/delete/models.py
+++ b/tests/modeltests/delete/models.py
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 from django.db import models
 
 
 class R(models.Model):
     is_default = models.BooleanField(default=False)
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __unicode__(self):
         return "%s" % self.pk
 
 
diff --git a/tests/regressiontests/comment_tests/models.py b/tests/regressiontests/comment_tests/models.py
index 4093af14b5..7e16e48419 100644
--- a/tests/regressiontests/comment_tests/models.py
+++ b/tests/regressiontests/comment_tests/models.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ Comments may be attached to any object. See the comment documentation for
 more information.
 """
 
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 from django.db import models
 
 
@@ -10,14 +12,14 @@ class Author(models.Model):
     first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
     last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __unicode__(self):
         return '%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name)
 
 class Article(models.Model):
     author = models.ForeignKey(Author)
     headline = models.CharField(max_length=100)
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __unicode__(self):
         return self.headline
 
 class Entry(models.Model):
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ class Entry(models.Model):
     pub_date = models.DateField()
     enable_comments = models.BooleanField()
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __unicode__(self):
         return self.title
 
 class Book(models.Model):
diff --git a/tests/regressiontests/datatypes/models.py b/tests/regressiontests/datatypes/models.py
index 332ce84307..d220d0893a 100644
--- a/tests/regressiontests/datatypes/models.py
+++ b/tests/regressiontests/datatypes/models.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class Donut(models.Model):
     class Meta:
         ordering = ('consumed_at',)
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __unicode__(self):
         return self.name
 
 class RumBaba(models.Model):
diff --git a/tests/regressiontests/string_lookup/models.py b/tests/regressiontests/string_lookup/models.py
index 53687a22cb..0704890cd7 100644
--- a/tests/regressiontests/string_lookup/models.py
+++ b/tests/regressiontests/string_lookup/models.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 from django.db import models
 
 
@@ -42,5 +44,5 @@ class Article(models.Model):
     text = models.TextField()
     submitted_from = models.IPAddressField(blank=True, null=True)
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __unicode__(self):
         return "Article %s" % self.name