Added a rough cut of a document on using the new testing framework.

git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@3678 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37

docs/django-admin.txt

@@ -292,6 +292,13 @@ this command to install the default apps.
 If you're installing the ``django.contrib.auth`` application, ``syncdb`` will
 give you the option of creating a superuser immediately.
 
+test
+----
+
+Discover and run tests for all installed models.  See `Testing Django applications`_ for more information.
+
+.. _testing django applications: ../testing/
+
 validate
 --------
 

docs/testing.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+===========================
+Testing Django applications
+===========================
+
+**New in Django development version**.
+
+.. XXX insert quick introduction to testing (and why you'd want to do it)
+
+.. note::
+    
+    This testing framework is currently under development, and may change
+    slightly before the next official Django release.  
+    
+    (That's *no* excuse not to write tests, though!)
+
+Writing tests
+=============
+
+Tests in Django come in two forms: doctests and unit tests.
+
+Writing doctests
+----------------
+
+Doctests use Python's standard doctest_ module, which searches for tests in
+your docstrings. Django's test runner looks for doctests in your ``models.py``
+file, and executes any that it finds.
+
+.. admonition:: What's a **docstring**?
+
+    A good explanation of docstrings (and some guidlines for using them
+    effectively) can be found in :PEP:`257`:
+        
+        A docstring is a string literal that occurs as the first statement in 
+        a module, function, class, or method definition.  Such a docstring
+        becomes the ``__doc__`` special attribute of that object.
+        
+    Since tests often make great documentation, doctest lets you put your
+    tests directly in your docstrings.
+
+You can put doctest strings on any object in your ``models.py``, but it's
+common practice to put application-level doctests in the module docstring, and
+model-level doctests in the docstring for each model.
+
+For example::
+
+    from django.db import model
+    
+    class Animal(models.Model):
+        """
+        An animal that knows how to make noise
+        
+        # Create some animals
+        >>> lion = Animal.objects.create(name="lion", sound="roar")
+        >>> cat = Animal.objects.create(name="cat", sound="meow")
+        
+        # Make 'em speak
+        >>> lion.speak()
+        'The lion says "roar"'
+        >>> cat.speak()
+        'The cat says "meow"'
+        """
+        
+        name = models.CharField(maxlength=20)
+        sound = models.CharField(maxlength=20)
+        
+        def speak(self):
+            return 'The %s says "%s"' % (self.name, self.sound)
+
+When you `run your tests`_, the test utility will find this docstring, notice
+that portions of it look like an interactive Python session, and execute those
+lines while checking that the results match.
+
+For more details about how doctest works, see the `standard library
+documentation for doctest`_
+
+.. _doctest: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-doctest.html
+.. _standard library documentation for doctest: doctest_
+
+Writing unittests
+-----------------
+
+Like doctests, Django's unit tests use a standard library module: unittest_.
+Django's test runner looks for unit test cases in a ``tests.py`` file in your
+app (i.e. in the same directory as your ``models.py`` file).
+
+An equivalent unittest test case for the above example would look like::
+
+    import unittest
+    from myapp.models import Animal
+    
+    class AnimalTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+        
+        def setUp(self):
+            self.lion = Animal.objects.create(name="lion", sound="roar")
+            self.cat = Animal.objects.create(name="cat", sound="meow")
+        
+        def testSpeaking(self):
+            self.assertEquals(self.lion.speak(), 'The lion says "roar"')
+            self.assertEquals(self.cat.speak(), 'The cat says "meow"')
+            
+When you `run your tests`_, the test utility will find all the test cases
+(that is, subclasses of ``unittest.TestCase``) in ``tests.py``, automatically
+build a test suite out of those test cases, and run that suite.
+
+For more details about ``unittest``, see the `standard library unittest
+documentation`_.
+
+.. _unittest: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-unittest.html
+.. _standard library unittest documentation: unittest_
+.. _run your tests: `Running tests`_
+
+Which should I use?
+-------------------
+
+Choosing a test framework is often contentious, so Django simply supports
+both of the standard Python test frameworks. Choosing one is up to each
+developer's personal tastes; each is supported equally. Since each test
+system has different benefits, the best approach is probably to use both
+together, picking the test system to match the type of tests you need to
+write.
+
+For developers new to testing, however, this choice can seem 
+confusing, so here are a few key differences to help you decide weather
+doctests or unit tests are right for you.
+
+If you've been using Python for a while, ``doctest`` will probably feel more
+"pythonic". It's designed to make writing tests as easy as possible, so
+there's no overhead of writing classes or methods; you simply put tests in
+docstrings. This gives the added advantage of given your modules automatic
+documentation -- well-written doctests can kill both the documentation and the
+testing bird with a single stone.
+
+For developers just getting started with testing, using doctests will probably
+get you started faster.
+
+The ``unittest`` framework will probably feel very familiar to developers
+coming from Java.  Since ``unittest`` is inspired by Java's JUnit, if
+you've used testing frameworks in other languages that similarly were
+inspired by JUnit, ``unittest`` should also feel pretty familiar.  
+
+Since ``unittest`` is organized around classes and methods, if you need
+to write a bunch of tests that all share similar code, you can easily use
+subclass to abstract common tasks; this makes test code shorter and cleaner. 
+There's also support for explicit setup and/or cleanup routines, which give
+you a high level of control over the environment your test cases run in.
+
+Again, remember that you can use both systems side-by-side (even in the same
+app). In the end, most projects will eventually end up using both; each shines
+in different circumstances.
+
+Running tests
+=============
+
+Run your tests using your project's ``manage.py`` utility::
+
+    $ ./manage.py test
+
+You'll see a bunch of text flow by as the test database is created, models are
+initialized, and your tests are run. If everything goes well, at the end
+you'll see::
+
+    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    Ran 22 tests in 0.221s
+
+    OK
+
+If there are test failures, however, you'll see full details about what tests
+failed::
+
+    ======================================================================
+    FAIL: Doctest: ellington.core.throttle.models
+    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      File "/dev/django/test/doctest.py", line 2153, in runTest
+        raise self.failureException(self.format_failure(new.getvalue()))
+    AssertionError: Failed doctest test for myapp.models
+      File "/dev/myapp/models.py", line 0, in models
+
+    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    File "/dev/myapp/models.py", line 14, in myapp.models
+    Failed example:
+        throttle.check("actor A", "action one", limit=2, hours=1)
+    Expected:
+        True
+    Got:
+        False
+
+    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    Ran 2 tests in 0.048s
+
+    FAILED (failures=1)
+