from __future__ import unicode_literals from datetime import datetime import threading from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist, MultipleObjectsReturned from django.db import connections, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS from django.db import DatabaseError from django.db.models.fields import Field from django.db.models.manager import BaseManager from django.db.models.query import QuerySet, EmptyQuerySet, ValuesListQuerySet, MAX_GET_RESULTS from django.test import TestCase, TransactionTestCase, skipIfDBFeature, skipUnlessDBFeature from django.utils import six from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy from .models import Article, SelfRef, ArticleSelectOnSave class ModelInstanceCreationTests(TestCase): def test_object_is_not_written_to_database_until_save_was_called(self): a = Article( id=None, headline='Area man programs in Python', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28), ) self.assertIsNone(a.id) self.assertEqual(Article.objects.all().count(), 0) # Save it into the database. You have to call save() explicitly. a.save() self.assertIsNotNone(a.id) self.assertEqual(Article.objects.all().count(), 1) def test_can_initialize_model_instance_using_positional_arguments(self): """ You can initialize a model instance using positional arguments, which should match the field order as defined in the model. """ a = Article(None, 'Second article', datetime(2005, 7, 29)) a.save() self.assertEqual(a.headline, 'Second article') self.assertEqual(a.pub_date, datetime(2005, 7, 29, 0, 0)) def test_can_create_instance_using_kwargs(self): a = Article( id=None, headline='Third article', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 30), ) a.save() self.assertEqual(a.headline, 'Third article') self.assertEqual(a.pub_date, datetime(2005, 7, 30, 0, 0)) def test_autofields_generate_different_values_for_each_instance(self): a1 = Article.objects.create(headline='First', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 30, 0, 0)) a2 = Article.objects.create(headline='First', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 30, 0, 0)) a3 = Article.objects.create(headline='First', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 30, 0, 0)) self.assertNotEqual(a3.id, a1.id) self.assertNotEqual(a3.id, a2.id) def test_can_mix_and_match_position_and_kwargs(self): # You can also mix and match position and keyword arguments, but # be sure not to duplicate field information. a = Article(None, 'Fourth article', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31)) a.save() self.assertEqual(a.headline, 'Fourth article') def test_cannot_create_instance_with_invalid_kwargs(self): six.assertRaisesRegex( self, TypeError, "'foo' is an invalid keyword argument for this function", Article, id=None, headline='Some headline', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31), foo='bar', ) def test_can_leave_off_value_for_autofield_and_it_gets_value_on_save(self): """ You can leave off the value for an AutoField when creating an object, because it'll get filled in automatically when you save(). """ a = Article(headline='Article 5', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31)) a.save() self.assertEqual(a.headline, 'Article 5') self.assertNotEqual(a.id, None) def test_leaving_off_a_field_with_default_set_the_default_will_be_saved(self): a = Article(pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31)) a.save() self.assertEqual(a.headline, 'Default headline') def test_for_datetimefields_saves_as_much_precision_as_was_given(self): """as much precision in *seconds*""" a1 = Article( headline='Article 7', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30), ) a1.save() self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(id__exact=a1.id).pub_date, datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30)) a2 = Article( headline='Article 8', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45), ) a2.save() self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(id__exact=a2.id).pub_date, datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45)) def test_saving_an_object_again_does_not_create_a_new_object(self): a = Article(headline='original', pub_date=datetime(2014, 5, 16)) a.save() current_id = a.id a.save() self.assertEqual(a.id, current_id) a.headline = 'Updated headline' a.save() self.assertEqual(a.id, current_id) def test_querysets_checking_for_membership(self): headlines = [ 'Area man programs in Python', 'Second article', 'Third article'] some_pub_date = datetime(2014, 5, 16, 12, 1) for headline in headlines: Article(headline=headline, pub_date=some_pub_date).save() a = Article(headline='Some headline', pub_date=some_pub_date) a.save() # You can use 'in' to test for membership... self.assertTrue(a in Article.objects.all()) # ... but there will often be more efficient ways if that is all you need: self.assertTrue(Article.objects.filter(id=a.id).exists()) class ModelTest(TestCase): def test_objects_attribute_is_only_available_on_the_class_itself(self): six.assertRaisesRegex( self, AttributeError, "Manager isn't accessible via Article instances", getattr, Article(), "objects", ) self.assertFalse(hasattr(Article(), 'objects')) self.assertTrue(hasattr(Article, 'objects')) def test_queryset_delete_removes_all_items_in_that_queryset(self): headlines = [ 'An article', 'Article One', 'Amazing article', 'Boring article'] some_pub_date = datetime(2014, 5, 16, 12, 1) for headline in headlines: Article(headline=headline, pub_date=some_pub_date).save() self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all().order_by('headline'), ["", "", "", ""]) Article.objects.filter(headline__startswith='A').delete() self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all().order_by('headline'), [""]) def test_not_equal_and_equal_operators_behave_as_expected_on_instances(self): some_pub_date = datetime(2014, 5, 16, 12, 1) a1 = Article.objects.create(headline='First', pub_date=some_pub_date) a2 = Article.objects.create(headline='Second', pub_date=some_pub_date) self.assertTrue(a1 != a2) self.assertFalse(a1 == a2) self.assertTrue(a1 == Article.objects.get(id__exact=a1.id)) self.assertTrue(Article.objects.get(id__exact=a1.id) != Article.objects.get(id__exact=a2.id)) self.assertFalse(Article.objects.get(id__exact=a2.id) == Article.objects.get(id__exact=a1.id)) def test_lookup(self): # No articles are in the system yet. self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), []) # Create an Article. a = Article( id=None, headline='Area man programs in Python', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28), ) # Save it into the database. You have to call save() explicitly. a.save() # Now it has an ID. self.assertTrue(a.id is not None) # Models have a pk property that is an alias for the primary key # attribute (by default, the 'id' attribute). self.assertEqual(a.pk, a.id) # Access database columns via Python attributes. self.assertEqual(a.headline, 'Area man programs in Python') self.assertEqual(a.pub_date, datetime(2005, 7, 28, 0, 0)) # Change values by changing the attributes, then calling save(). a.headline = 'Area woman programs in Python' a.save() # Article.objects.all() returns all the articles in the database. self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), ['']) # Django provides a rich database lookup API. self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(id__exact=a.id), a) self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(headline__startswith='Area woman'), a) self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(pub_date__year=2005), a) self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(pub_date__year=2005, pub_date__month=7), a) self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(pub_date__year=2005, pub_date__month=7, pub_date__day=28), a) self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(pub_date__week_day=5), a) # The "__exact" lookup type can be omitted, as a shortcut. self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(id=a.id), a) self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(headline='Area woman programs in Python'), a) self.assertQuerysetEqual( Article.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2005), [''], ) self.assertQuerysetEqual( Article.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2004), [], ) self.assertQuerysetEqual( Article.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2005, pub_date__month=7), [''], ) self.assertQuerysetEqual( Article.objects.filter(pub_date__week_day=5), [''], ) self.assertQuerysetEqual( Article.objects.filter(pub_date__week_day=6), [], ) # Django raises an Article.DoesNotExist exception for get() if the # parameters don't match any object. six.assertRaisesRegex( self, ObjectDoesNotExist, "Article matching query does not exist.", Article.objects.get, id__exact=2000, ) # To avoid dict-ordering related errors check only one lookup # in single assert. self.assertRaises( ObjectDoesNotExist, Article.objects.get, pub_date__year=2005, pub_date__month=8, ) six.assertRaisesRegex( self, ObjectDoesNotExist, "Article matching query does not exist.", Article.objects.get, pub_date__week_day=6, ) # Lookup by a primary key is the most common case, so Django # provides a shortcut for primary-key exact lookups. # The following is identical to articles.get(id=a.id). self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(pk=a.id), a) # pk can be used as a shortcut for the primary key name in any query. self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.filter(pk__in=[a.id]), [""]) # Model instances of the same type and same ID are considered equal. a = Article.objects.get(pk=a.id) b = Article.objects.get(pk=a.id) self.assertEqual(a, b) # Create a very similar object a = Article( id=None, headline='Area man programs in Python', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28), ) a.save() self.assertEqual(Article.objects.count(), 2) # Django raises an Article.MultipleObjectsReturned exception if the # lookup matches more than one object six.assertRaisesRegex( self, MultipleObjectsReturned, "get\(\) returned more than one Article -- it returned 2!", Article.objects.get, headline__startswith='Area', ) six.assertRaisesRegex( self, MultipleObjectsReturned, "get\(\) returned more than one Article -- it returned 2!", Article.objects.get, pub_date__year=2005, ) six.assertRaisesRegex( self, MultipleObjectsReturned, "get\(\) returned more than one Article -- it returned 2!", Article.objects.get, pub_date__year=2005, pub_date__month=7, ) def test_multiple_objects_max_num_fetched(self): """ #6785 - get() should fetch a limited number of results. """ Article.objects.bulk_create( Article(headline='Area %s' % i, pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28)) for i in range(MAX_GET_RESULTS) ) six.assertRaisesRegex( self, MultipleObjectsReturned, "get\(\) returned more than one Article -- it returned %d!" % MAX_GET_RESULTS, Article.objects.get, headline__startswith='Area', ) Article.objects.create(headline='Area %s' % MAX_GET_RESULTS, pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28)) six.assertRaisesRegex( self, MultipleObjectsReturned, "get\(\) returned more than one Article -- it returned more than %d!" % MAX_GET_RESULTS, Article.objects.get, headline__startswith='Area', ) @skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_microsecond_precision') def test_microsecond_precision(self): # In PostgreSQL, microsecond-level precision is available. a9 = Article( headline='Article 9', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45, 180), ) a9.save() self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(pk=a9.pk).pub_date, datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45, 180)) @skipIfDBFeature('supports_microsecond_precision') def test_microsecond_precision_not_supported(self): # In MySQL, microsecond-level precision isn't available. You'll lose # microsecond-level precision once the data is saved. a9 = Article( headline='Article 9', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45, 180), ) a9.save() self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(id__exact=a9.id).pub_date, datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45)) def test_manually_specify_primary_key(self): # You can manually specify the primary key when creating a new object. a101 = Article( id=101, headline='Article 101', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45), ) a101.save() a101 = Article.objects.get(pk=101) self.assertEqual(a101.headline, 'Article 101') def test_create_method(self): # You can create saved objects in a single step a10 = Article.objects.create( headline="Article 10", pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45), ) self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(headline="Article 10"), a10) def test_year_lookup_edge_case(self): # Edge-case test: A year lookup should retrieve all objects in # the given year, including Jan. 1 and Dec. 31. Article.objects.create( headline='Article 11', pub_date=datetime(2008, 1, 1), ) Article.objects.create( headline='Article 12', pub_date=datetime(2008, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999), ) self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2008), ["", ""]) def test_unicode_data(self): # Unicode data works, too. a = Article( headline='\u6797\u539f \u3081\u3050\u307f', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28), ) a.save() self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(pk=a.id).headline, '\u6797\u539f \u3081\u3050\u307f') def test_hash_function(self): # Model instances have a hash function, so they can be used in sets # or as dictionary keys. Two models compare as equal if their primary # keys are equal. a10 = Article.objects.create( headline="Article 10", pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45), ) a11 = Article.objects.create( headline='Article 11', pub_date=datetime(2008, 1, 1), ) a12 = Article.objects.create( headline='Article 12', pub_date=datetime(2008, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999), ) s = set([a10, a11, a12]) self.assertTrue(Article.objects.get(headline='Article 11') in s) def test_field_ordering(self): """ Field instances have a `__lt__` comparison function to define an ordering based on their creation. Prior to #17851 this ordering comparison relied on the now unsupported `__cmp__` and was assuming compared objects were both Field instances raising `AttributeError` when it should have returned `NotImplemented`. """ f1 = Field() f2 = Field(auto_created=True) f3 = Field() self.assertTrue(f2 < f1) self.assertTrue(f3 > f1) self.assertFalse(f1 is None) self.assertFalse(f2 in (None, 1, '')) def test_extra_method_select_argument_with_dashes_and_values(self): # The 'select' argument to extra() supports names with dashes in # them, as long as you use values(). Article.objects.create( headline="Article 10", pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45), ) Article.objects.create( headline='Article 11', pub_date=datetime(2008, 1, 1), ) Article.objects.create( headline='Article 12', pub_date=datetime(2008, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999), ) dicts = Article.objects.filter( pub_date__year=2008).extra( select={'dashed-value': '1'}).values('headline', 'dashed-value') self.assertEqual([sorted(d.items()) for d in dicts], [[('dashed-value', 1), ('headline', 'Article 11')], [('dashed-value', 1), ('headline', 'Article 12')]]) def test_extra_method_select_argument_with_dashes(self): # If you use 'select' with extra() and names containing dashes on a # query that's *not* a values() query, those extra 'select' values # will silently be ignored. Article.objects.create( headline="Article 10", pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45), ) Article.objects.create( headline='Article 11', pub_date=datetime(2008, 1, 1), ) Article.objects.create( headline='Article 12', pub_date=datetime(2008, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999), ) articles = Article.objects.filter( pub_date__year=2008).extra(select={'dashed-value': '1', 'undashedvalue': '2'}) self.assertEqual(articles[0].undashedvalue, 2) def test_create_relation_with_ugettext_lazy(self): """ Test that ugettext_lazy objects work when saving model instances through various methods. Refs #10498. """ notlazy = 'test' lazy = ugettext_lazy(notlazy) Article.objects.create(headline=lazy, pub_date=datetime.now()) article = Article.objects.get() self.assertEqual(article.headline, notlazy) # test that assign + save works with Promise objecs article.headline = lazy article.save() self.assertEqual(article.headline, notlazy) # test .update() Article.objects.update(headline=lazy) article = Article.objects.get() self.assertEqual(article.headline, notlazy) # still test bulk_create() Article.objects.all().delete() Article.objects.bulk_create([Article(headline=lazy, pub_date=datetime.now())]) article = Article.objects.get() self.assertEqual(article.headline, notlazy) def test_emptyqs(self): # Can't be instantiated with self.assertRaises(TypeError): EmptyQuerySet() self.assertIsInstance(Article.objects.none(), EmptyQuerySet) def test_emptyqs_values(self): # test for #15959 Article.objects.create(headline='foo', pub_date=datetime.now()) with self.assertNumQueries(0): qs = Article.objects.none().values_list('pk') self.assertIsInstance(qs, EmptyQuerySet) self.assertIsInstance(qs, ValuesListQuerySet) self.assertEqual(len(qs), 0) def test_emptyqs_customqs(self): # A hacky test for custom QuerySet subclass - refs #17271 Article.objects.create(headline='foo', pub_date=datetime.now()) class CustomQuerySet(QuerySet): def do_something(self): return 'did something' qs = Article.objects.all() qs.__class__ = CustomQuerySet qs = qs.none() with self.assertNumQueries(0): self.assertEqual(len(qs), 0) self.assertIsInstance(qs, EmptyQuerySet) self.assertEqual(qs.do_something(), 'did something') def test_emptyqs_values_order(self): # Tests for ticket #17712 Article.objects.create(headline='foo', pub_date=datetime.now()) with self.assertNumQueries(0): self.assertEqual(len(Article.objects.none().values_list('id').order_by('id')), 0) with self.assertNumQueries(0): self.assertEqual(len(Article.objects.none().filter( id__in=Article.objects.values_list('id', flat=True))), 0) @skipUnlessDBFeature('can_distinct_on_fields') def test_emptyqs_distinct(self): # Tests for #19426 Article.objects.create(headline='foo', pub_date=datetime.now()) with self.assertNumQueries(0): self.assertEqual(len(Article.objects.none().distinct('headline', 'pub_date')), 0) def test_ticket_20278(self): sr = SelfRef.objects.create() with self.assertRaises(ObjectDoesNotExist): SelfRef.objects.get(selfref=sr) def test_eq(self): self.assertEqual(Article(id=1), Article(id=1)) self.assertNotEqual(Article(id=1), object()) self.assertNotEqual(object(), Article(id=1)) a = Article() self.assertEqual(a, a) self.assertNotEqual(Article(), a) def test_hash(self): # Value based on PK self.assertEqual(hash(Article(id=1)), hash(1)) with self.assertRaises(TypeError): # No PK value -> unhashable (because save() would then change # hash) hash(Article()) class ConcurrentSaveTests(TransactionTestCase): available_apps = ['basic'] @skipUnlessDBFeature('test_db_allows_multiple_connections') def test_concurrent_delete_with_save(self): """ Test fetching, deleting and finally saving an object - we should get an insert in this case. """ a = Article.objects.create(headline='foo', pub_date=datetime.now()) exceptions = [] def deleter(): try: # Do not delete a directly - doing so alters its state. Article.objects.filter(pk=a.pk).delete() except Exception as e: exceptions.append(e) finally: connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS].close() self.assertEqual(len(exceptions), 0) t = threading.Thread(target=deleter) t.start() t.join() a.save() self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(pk=a.pk).headline, 'foo') class ManagerTest(TestCase): QUERYSET_PROXY_METHODS = [ 'none', 'count', 'dates', 'datetimes', 'distinct', 'extra', 'get', 'get_or_create', 'update_or_create', 'create', 'bulk_create', 'filter', 'aggregate', 'annotate', 'complex_filter', 'exclude', 'in_bulk', 'iterator', 'earliest', 'latest', 'first', 'last', 'order_by', 'select_for_update', 'select_related', 'prefetch_related', 'values', 'values_list', 'update', 'reverse', 'defer', 'only', 'using', 'exists', '_insert', '_update', 'raw', ] def test_manager_methods(self): """ This test ensures that the correct set of methods from `QuerySet` are copied onto `Manager`. It's particularly useful to prevent accidentally leaking new methods into `Manager`. New `QuerySet` methods that should also be copied onto `Manager` will need to be added to `ManagerTest.QUERYSET_PROXY_METHODS`. """ self.assertEqual( sorted(BaseManager._get_queryset_methods(QuerySet).keys()), sorted(self.QUERYSET_PROXY_METHODS), ) class SelectOnSaveTests(TestCase): def test_select_on_save(self): a1 = Article.objects.create(pub_date=datetime.now()) with self.assertNumQueries(1): a1.save() asos = ArticleSelectOnSave.objects.create(pub_date=datetime.now()) with self.assertNumQueries(2): asos.save() with self.assertNumQueries(1): asos.save(force_update=True) Article.objects.all().delete() with self.assertRaises(DatabaseError): with self.assertNumQueries(1): asos.save(force_update=True) def test_select_on_save_lying_update(self): """ Test that select_on_save works correctly if the database doesn't return correct information about matched rows from UPDATE. """ # Change the manager to not return "row matched" for update(). # We are going to change the Article's _base_manager class # dynamically. This is a bit of a hack, but it seems hard to # test this properly otherwise. Article's manager, because # proxy models use their parent model's _base_manager. orig_class = Article._base_manager.__class__ class FakeQuerySet(QuerySet): # Make sure the _update method below is in fact called. called = False def _update(self, *args, **kwargs): FakeQuerySet.called = True super(FakeQuerySet, self)._update(*args, **kwargs) return 0 class FakeManager(orig_class): def get_queryset(self): return FakeQuerySet(self.model) try: Article._base_manager.__class__ = FakeManager asos = ArticleSelectOnSave.objects.create(pub_date=datetime.now()) with self.assertNumQueries(2): asos.save() self.assertTrue(FakeQuerySet.called) # This is not wanted behavior, but this is how Django has always # behaved for databases that do not return correct information # about matched rows for UPDATE. with self.assertRaises(DatabaseError): asos.save(force_update=True) with self.assertRaises(DatabaseError): asos.save(update_fields=['pub_date']) finally: Article._base_manager.__class__ = orig_class