from __future__ import absolute_import import datetime import unittest from django.test import TransactionTestCase from django.db import connection, DatabaseError, IntegrityError, OperationalError from django.db.models.fields import IntegerField, TextField, CharField, SlugField, BooleanField from django.db.models.fields.related import ManyToManyField, ForeignKey from django.db.transaction import atomic from .models import (Author, AuthorWithM2M, Book, BookWithLongName, BookWithSlug, BookWithM2M, Tag, TagIndexed, TagM2MTest, TagUniqueRename, UniqueTest, Thing, TagThrough, BookWithM2MThrough, AuthorTag, AuthorWithM2MThrough) class SchemaTests(TransactionTestCase): """ Tests that the schema-alteration code works correctly. Be aware that these tests are more liable than most to false results, as sometimes the code to check if a test has worked is almost as complex as the code it is testing. """ available_apps = [] models = [ Author, AuthorWithM2M, Book, BookWithLongName, BookWithSlug, BookWithM2M, Tag, TagIndexed, TagM2MTest, TagUniqueRename, UniqueTest, Thing, TagThrough, BookWithM2MThrough ] # Utility functions def tearDown(self): # Delete any tables made for our models self.delete_tables() def delete_tables(self): "Deletes all model tables for our models for a clean test environment" with connection.cursor() as cursor: connection.disable_constraint_checking() table_names = connection.introspection.table_names(cursor) for model in self.models: # Remove any M2M tables first for field in model._meta.local_many_to_many: with atomic(): tbl = field.rel.through._meta.db_table if tbl in table_names: cursor.execute(connection.schema_editor().sql_delete_table % { "table": connection.ops.quote_name(tbl), }) table_names.remove(tbl) # Then remove the main tables with atomic(): tbl = model._meta.db_table if tbl in table_names: cursor.execute(connection.schema_editor().sql_delete_table % { "table": connection.ops.quote_name(tbl), }) table_names.remove(tbl) connection.enable_constraint_checking() def column_classes(self, model): with connection.cursor() as cursor: columns = dict( (d[0], (connection.introspection.get_field_type(d[1], d), d)) for d in connection.introspection.get_table_description( cursor, model._meta.db_table, ) ) # SQLite has a different format for field_type for name, (type, desc) in columns.items(): if isinstance(type, tuple): columns[name] = (type[0], desc) # SQLite also doesn't error properly if not columns: raise DatabaseError("Table does not exist (empty pragma)") return columns def get_indexes(self, table): """ Get the indexes on the table using a new cursor. """ with connection.cursor() as cursor: return connection.introspection.get_indexes(cursor, table) def get_constraints(self, table): """ Get the constraints on a table using a new cursor. """ with connection.cursor() as cursor: return connection.introspection.get_constraints(cursor, table) # Tests def test_creation_deletion(self): """ Tries creating a model's table, and then deleting it. """ # Create the table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(Author) # Check that it's there list(Author.objects.all()) # Clean up that table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.delete_model(Author) # Check that it's gone self.assertRaises( DatabaseError, lambda: list(Author.objects.all()), ) @unittest.skipUnless(connection.features.supports_foreign_keys, "No FK support") def test_fk(self): "Tests that creating tables out of FK order, then repointing, works" # Create the table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(Book) editor.create_model(Author) editor.create_model(Tag) # Check that initial tables are there list(Author.objects.all()) list(Book.objects.all()) # Make sure the FK constraint is present with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError): Book.objects.create( author_id=1, title="Much Ado About Foreign Keys", pub_date=datetime.datetime.now(), ) # Repoint the FK constraint new_field = ForeignKey(Tag) new_field.set_attributes_from_name("author") with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_field( Book, Book._meta.get_field_by_name("author")[0], new_field, strict=True, ) # Make sure the new FK constraint is present constraints = self.get_constraints(Book._meta.db_table) for name, details in constraints.items(): if details['columns'] == ["author_id"] and details['foreign_key']: self.assertEqual(details['foreign_key'], ('schema_tag', 'id')) break else: self.fail("No FK constraint for author_id found") def test_add_field(self): """ Tests adding fields to models """ # Create the table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(Author) # Ensure there's no age field columns = self.column_classes(Author) self.assertNotIn("age", columns) # Add the new field new_field = IntegerField(null=True) new_field.set_attributes_from_name("age") with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.add_field( Author, new_field, ) # Ensure the field is right afterwards columns = self.column_classes(Author) self.assertEqual(columns['age'][0], "IntegerField") self.assertEqual(columns['age'][1][6], True) def test_add_field_temp_default(self): """ Tests adding fields to models with a temporary default """ # Create the table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(Author) # Ensure there's no age field columns = self.column_classes(Author) self.assertNotIn("age", columns) # Add some rows of data Author.objects.create(name="Andrew", height=30) Author.objects.create(name="Andrea") # Add a not-null field new_field = CharField(max_length=30, default="Godwin") new_field.set_attributes_from_name("surname") with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.add_field( Author, new_field, ) # Ensure the field is right afterwards columns = self.column_classes(Author) self.assertEqual(columns['surname'][0], "CharField") self.assertEqual(columns['surname'][1][6], connection.features.interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls) def test_add_field_temp_default_boolean(self): """ Tests adding fields to models with a temporary default where the default is False. (#21783) """ # Create the table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(Author) # Ensure there's no age field columns = self.column_classes(Author) self.assertNotIn("age", columns) # Add some rows of data Author.objects.create(name="Andrew", height=30) Author.objects.create(name="Andrea") # Add a not-null field new_field = BooleanField(default=False) new_field.set_attributes_from_name("awesome") with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.add_field( Author, new_field, ) # Ensure the field is right afterwards columns = self.column_classes(Author) # BooleanField are stored as TINYINT(1) on MySQL. field_type, field_info = columns['awesome'] if connection.vendor == 'mysql': self.assertEqual(field_type, 'IntegerField') self.assertEqual(field_info.precision, 1) else: self.assertEqual(field_type, 'BooleanField') def test_add_field_default_transform(self): """ Tests adding fields to models with a default that is not directly valid in the database (#22581) """ class TestTransformField(IntegerField): # Weird field that saves the count of items in its value def get_default(self): return self.default def get_prep_value(self, value): if value is None: return 0 return len(value) # Create the table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(Author) # Add some rows of data Author.objects.create(name="Andrew", height=30) Author.objects.create(name="Andrea") # Add the field with a default it needs to cast (to string in this case) new_field = TestTransformField(default={1: 2}) new_field.set_attributes_from_name("thing") with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.add_field( Author, new_field, ) # Ensure the field is there columns = self.column_classes(Author) field_type, field_info = columns['thing'] self.assertEqual(field_type, 'IntegerField') # Make sure the values were transformed correctly self.assertEqual(Author.objects.extra(where=["thing = 1"]).count(), 2) def test_alter(self): """ Tests simple altering of fields """ # Create the table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(Author) # Ensure the field is right to begin with columns = self.column_classes(Author) self.assertEqual(columns['name'][0], "CharField") self.assertEqual(bool(columns['name'][1][6]), bool(connection.features.interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls)) # Alter the name field to a TextField new_field = TextField(null=True) new_field.set_attributes_from_name("name") with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_field( Author, Author._meta.get_field_by_name("name")[0], new_field, strict=True, ) # Ensure the field is right afterwards columns = self.column_classes(Author) self.assertEqual(columns['name'][0], "TextField") self.assertEqual(columns['name'][1][6], True) # Change nullability again new_field2 = TextField(null=False) new_field2.set_attributes_from_name("name") with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_field( Author, new_field, new_field2, strict=True, ) # Ensure the field is right afterwards columns = self.column_classes(Author) self.assertEqual(columns['name'][0], "TextField") self.assertEqual(bool(columns['name'][1][6]), False) def test_rename(self): """ Tests simple altering of fields """ # Create the table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(Author) # Ensure the field is right to begin with columns = self.column_classes(Author) self.assertEqual(columns['name'][0], "CharField") self.assertNotIn("display_name", columns) # Alter the name field's name new_field = CharField(max_length=254) new_field.set_attributes_from_name("display_name") with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_field( Author, Author._meta.get_field_by_name("name")[0], new_field, strict=True, ) # Ensure the field is right afterwards columns = self.column_classes(Author) self.assertEqual(columns['display_name'][0], "CharField") self.assertNotIn("name", columns) def test_m2m_create(self): """ Tests M2M fields on models during creation """ # Create the tables with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(Author) editor.create_model(TagM2MTest) editor.create_model(BookWithM2M) # Ensure there is now an m2m table there columns = self.column_classes(BookWithM2M._meta.get_field_by_name("tags")[0].rel.through) self.assertEqual(columns['tagm2mtest_id'][0], "IntegerField") def test_m2m_create_through(self): """ Tests M2M fields on models during creation with through models """ # Create the tables with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(TagThrough) editor.create_model(TagM2MTest) editor.create_model(BookWithM2MThrough) # Ensure there is now an m2m table there columns = self.column_classes(TagThrough) self.assertEqual(columns['book_id'][0], "IntegerField") self.assertEqual(columns['tag_id'][0], "IntegerField") def test_m2m(self): """ Tests adding/removing M2M fields on models """ # Create the tables with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(AuthorWithM2M) editor.create_model(TagM2MTest) # Create an M2M field new_field = ManyToManyField("schema.TagM2MTest", related_name="authors") new_field.contribute_to_class(AuthorWithM2M, "tags") try: # Ensure there's no m2m table there self.assertRaises(DatabaseError, self.column_classes, new_field.rel.through) # Add the field with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.add_field( Author, new_field, ) # Ensure there is now an m2m table there columns = self.column_classes(new_field.rel.through) self.assertEqual(columns['tagm2mtest_id'][0], "IntegerField") # "Alter" the field. This should not rename the DB table to itself. with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_field( Author, new_field, new_field, ) # Remove the M2M table again with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.remove_field( Author, new_field, ) # Ensure there's no m2m table there self.assertRaises(DatabaseError, self.column_classes, new_field.rel.through) finally: # Cleanup model states AuthorWithM2M._meta.local_many_to_many.remove(new_field) def test_m2m_through_alter(self): """ Tests altering M2Ms with explicit through models (should no-op) """ # Create the tables with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(AuthorTag) editor.create_model(AuthorWithM2MThrough) editor.create_model(TagM2MTest) # Ensure the m2m table is there self.assertEqual(len(self.column_classes(AuthorTag)), 3) # "Alter" the field's blankness. This should not actually do anything. with connection.schema_editor() as editor: old_field = AuthorWithM2MThrough._meta.get_field_by_name("tags")[0] new_field = ManyToManyField("schema.TagM2MTest", related_name="authors", through="AuthorTag") new_field.contribute_to_class(AuthorWithM2MThrough, "tags") editor.alter_field( Author, old_field, new_field, ) # Ensure the m2m table is still there self.assertEqual(len(self.column_classes(AuthorTag)), 3) def test_m2m_repoint(self): """ Tests repointing M2M fields """ # Create the tables with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(Author) editor.create_model(BookWithM2M) editor.create_model(TagM2MTest) editor.create_model(UniqueTest) # Ensure the M2M exists and points to TagM2MTest constraints = self.get_constraints(BookWithM2M._meta.get_field_by_name("tags")[0].rel.through._meta.db_table) if connection.features.supports_foreign_keys: for name, details in constraints.items(): if details['columns'] == ["tagm2mtest_id"] and details['foreign_key']: self.assertEqual(details['foreign_key'], ('schema_tagm2mtest', 'id')) break else: self.fail("No FK constraint for tagm2mtest_id found") # Repoint the M2M new_field = ManyToManyField(UniqueTest) new_field.contribute_to_class(BookWithM2M, "uniques") try: with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_field( Author, BookWithM2M._meta.get_field_by_name("tags")[0], new_field, ) # Ensure old M2M is gone self.assertRaises(DatabaseError, self.column_classes, BookWithM2M._meta.get_field_by_name("tags")[0].rel.through) # Ensure the new M2M exists and points to UniqueTest constraints = self.get_constraints(new_field.rel.through._meta.db_table) if connection.features.supports_foreign_keys: for name, details in constraints.items(): if details['columns'] == ["uniquetest_id"] and details['foreign_key']: self.assertEqual(details['foreign_key'], ('schema_uniquetest', 'id')) break else: self.fail("No FK constraint for uniquetest_id found") finally: # Cleanup through table separately with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.remove_field(BookWithM2M, BookWithM2M._meta.get_field_by_name("uniques")[0]) # Cleanup model states BookWithM2M._meta.local_many_to_many.remove(new_field) del BookWithM2M._meta._m2m_cache @unittest.skipUnless(connection.features.supports_check_constraints, "No check constraints") def test_check_constraints(self): """ Tests creating/deleting CHECK constraints """ # Create the tables with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(Author) # Ensure the constraint exists constraints = self.get_constraints(Author._meta.db_table) for name, details in constraints.items(): if details['columns'] == ["height"] and details['check']: break else: self.fail("No check constraint for height found") # Alter the column to remove it new_field = IntegerField(null=True, blank=True) new_field.set_attributes_from_name("height") with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_field( Author, Author._meta.get_field_by_name("height")[0], new_field, strict=True, ) constraints = self.get_constraints(Author._meta.db_table) for name, details in constraints.items(): if details['columns'] == ["height"] and details['check']: self.fail("Check constraint for height found") # Alter the column to re-add it with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_field( Author, new_field, Author._meta.get_field_by_name("height")[0], strict=True, ) constraints = self.get_constraints(Author._meta.db_table) for name, details in constraints.items(): if details['columns'] == ["height"] and details['check']: break else: self.fail("No check constraint for height found") def test_unique(self): """ Tests removing and adding unique constraints to a single column. """ # Create the table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(Tag) # Ensure the field is unique to begin with Tag.objects.create(title="foo", slug="foo") self.assertRaises(IntegrityError, Tag.objects.create, title="bar", slug="foo") Tag.objects.all().delete() # Alter the slug field to be non-unique new_field = SlugField(unique=False) new_field.set_attributes_from_name("slug") with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_field( Tag, Tag._meta.get_field_by_name("slug")[0], new_field, strict=True, ) # Ensure the field is no longer unique Tag.objects.create(title="foo", slug="foo") Tag.objects.create(title="bar", slug="foo") Tag.objects.all().delete() # Alter the slug field to be unique new_new_field = SlugField(unique=True) new_new_field.set_attributes_from_name("slug") with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_field( Tag, new_field, new_new_field, strict=True, ) # Ensure the field is unique again Tag.objects.create(title="foo", slug="foo") self.assertRaises(IntegrityError, Tag.objects.create, title="bar", slug="foo") Tag.objects.all().delete() # Rename the field new_field = SlugField(unique=False) new_field.set_attributes_from_name("slug2") with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_field( Tag, Tag._meta.get_field_by_name("slug")[0], TagUniqueRename._meta.get_field_by_name("slug2")[0], strict=True, ) # Ensure the field is still unique TagUniqueRename.objects.create(title="foo", slug2="foo") self.assertRaises(IntegrityError, TagUniqueRename.objects.create, title="bar", slug2="foo") Tag.objects.all().delete() def test_unique_together(self): """ Tests removing and adding unique_together constraints on a model. """ # Create the table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(UniqueTest) # Ensure the fields are unique to begin with UniqueTest.objects.create(year=2012, slug="foo") UniqueTest.objects.create(year=2011, slug="foo") UniqueTest.objects.create(year=2011, slug="bar") self.assertRaises(IntegrityError, UniqueTest.objects.create, year=2012, slug="foo") UniqueTest.objects.all().delete() # Alter the model to its non-unique-together companion with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_unique_together( UniqueTest, UniqueTest._meta.unique_together, [], ) # Ensure the fields are no longer unique UniqueTest.objects.create(year=2012, slug="foo") UniqueTest.objects.create(year=2012, slug="foo") UniqueTest.objects.all().delete() # Alter it back new_new_field = SlugField(unique=True) new_new_field.set_attributes_from_name("slug") with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_unique_together( UniqueTest, [], UniqueTest._meta.unique_together, ) # Ensure the fields are unique again UniqueTest.objects.create(year=2012, slug="foo") self.assertRaises(IntegrityError, UniqueTest.objects.create, year=2012, slug="foo") UniqueTest.objects.all().delete() def test_index_together(self): """ Tests removing and adding index_together constraints on a model. """ # Create the table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(Tag) # Ensure there's no index on the year/slug columns first self.assertEqual( False, any( c["index"] for c in self.get_constraints("schema_tag").values() if c['columns'] == ["slug", "title"] ), ) # Alter the model to add an index with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_index_together( Tag, [], [("slug", "title")], ) # Ensure there is now an index self.assertEqual( True, any( c["index"] for c in self.get_constraints("schema_tag").values() if c['columns'] == ["slug", "title"] ), ) # Alter it back new_new_field = SlugField(unique=True) new_new_field.set_attributes_from_name("slug") with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_index_together( Tag, [("slug", "title")], [], ) # Ensure there's no index self.assertEqual( False, any( c["index"] for c in self.get_constraints("schema_tag").values() if c['columns'] == ["slug", "title"] ), ) def test_create_index_together(self): """ Tests creating models with index_together already defined """ # Create the table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(TagIndexed) # Ensure there is an index self.assertEqual( True, any( c["index"] for c in self.get_constraints("schema_tagindexed").values() if c['columns'] == ["slug", "title"] ), ) def test_db_table(self): """ Tests renaming of the table """ # Create the table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(Author) # Ensure the table is there to begin with columns = self.column_classes(Author) self.assertEqual(columns['name'][0], "CharField") # Alter the table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_db_table( Author, "schema_author", "schema_otherauthor", ) # Ensure the table is there afterwards Author._meta.db_table = "schema_otherauthor" columns = self.column_classes(Author) self.assertEqual(columns['name'][0], "CharField") # Alter the table again with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_db_table( Author, "schema_otherauthor", "schema_author", ) # Ensure the table is still there Author._meta.db_table = "schema_author" columns = self.column_classes(Author) self.assertEqual(columns['name'][0], "CharField") def test_indexes(self): """ Tests creation/altering of indexes """ # Create the table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(Author) editor.create_model(Book) # Ensure the table is there and has the right index self.assertIn( "title", self.get_indexes(Book._meta.db_table), ) # Alter to remove the index new_field = CharField(max_length=100, db_index=False) new_field.set_attributes_from_name("title") with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_field( Book, Book._meta.get_field_by_name("title")[0], new_field, strict=True, ) # Ensure the table is there and has no index self.assertNotIn( "title", self.get_indexes(Book._meta.db_table), ) # Alter to re-add the index with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_field( Book, new_field, Book._meta.get_field_by_name("title")[0], strict=True, ) # Ensure the table is there and has the index again self.assertIn( "title", self.get_indexes(Book._meta.db_table), ) # Add a unique column, verify that creates an implicit index with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.add_field( Book, BookWithSlug._meta.get_field_by_name("slug")[0], ) self.assertIn( "slug", self.get_indexes(Book._meta.db_table), ) # Remove the unique, check the index goes with it new_field2 = CharField(max_length=20, unique=False) new_field2.set_attributes_from_name("slug") with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.alter_field( BookWithSlug, BookWithSlug._meta.get_field_by_name("slug")[0], new_field2, strict=True, ) self.assertNotIn( "slug", self.get_indexes(Book._meta.db_table), ) def test_primary_key(self): """ Tests altering of the primary key """ # Create the table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(Tag) # Ensure the table is there and has the right PK self.assertTrue( self.get_indexes(Tag._meta.db_table)['id']['primary_key'], ) # Alter to change the PK new_field = SlugField(primary_key=True) new_field.set_attributes_from_name("slug") new_field.model = Tag with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.remove_field(Tag, Tag._meta.get_field_by_name("id")[0]) editor.alter_field( Tag, Tag._meta.get_field_by_name("slug")[0], new_field, ) # Ensure the PK changed self.assertNotIn( 'id', self.get_indexes(Tag._meta.db_table), ) self.assertTrue( self.get_indexes(Tag._meta.db_table)['slug']['primary_key'], ) def test_context_manager_exit(self): """ Ensures transaction is correctly closed when an error occurs inside a SchemaEditor context. """ class SomeError(Exception): pass try: with connection.schema_editor(): raise SomeError except SomeError: self.assertFalse(connection.in_atomic_block) def test_foreign_key_index_long_names_regression(self): """ Regression test for #21497. Only affects databases that supports foreign keys. """ # Create the table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.create_model(Author) editor.create_model(BookWithLongName) # Find the properly shortened column name column_name = connection.ops.quote_name("author_foreign_key_with_really_long_field_name_id") column_name = column_name[1:-1].lower() # unquote, and, for Oracle, un-upcase # Ensure the table is there and has an index on the column self.assertIn( column_name, self.get_indexes(BookWithLongName._meta.db_table), ) def test_creation_deletion_reserved_names(self): """ Tries creating a model's table, and then deleting it when it has a SQL reserved name. """ # Create the table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: try: editor.create_model(Thing) except OperationalError as e: self.fail("Errors when applying initial migration for a model " "with a table named after a SQL reserved word: %s" % e) # Check that it's there list(Thing.objects.all()) # Clean up that table with connection.schema_editor() as editor: editor.delete_model(Thing) # Check that it's gone self.assertRaises( DatabaseError, lambda: list(Thing.objects.all()), )